Complete the text dependent questions for the Water Scarcity text. Do your own work.

Homework:Read 16C-21C answer ?’s 1-3, 5 p22CRead 24C-31C answer ?’s 1-2, 6 p31C

Obj: you will brainstorm indicators of water quality, identify sources of pollution, take notes on water quality indicators, predict & measure the water quality of the…fish tank in preparation for the creek survey next class period!

Warm Up

Date Session # Activity Page #1/ 6-7 Storm water impact

Point vs Nonpoint Source Pollution24

Water Quality Indicators 25

Table of Contents

Pretend you are a….FishPlant living in or along surface water Human swimming/fishing in surface water

Describe what your water needs to be like

What Physical, Chemical and Biological tests or indicators would you use to determine if your water was “safe”

8.E.1 Understand the hydrosphere and the impact of humans on local systems and the effects of the hydrosphere on humans.

8.E.1.3 Predict the safety and potability of water supplies in North Carolina based on physical and biological factors, including: Temperature, Dissolved oxygen, pH, Nitrates and phosphates, Turbidity, Bio-indicators

8.E.1.4 Conclude that the good health of humans requires: Monitoring of the hydrosphere, Water quality standards, Methods of water treatment, Maintaining safe water quality, Stewardship

Storm water videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3IeS0gFH1Mhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8h2mhn35DhM

Human impact on storm water

Storm water impact on streams

Two Types of PollutionOne is easier to control than the

other!

Point Source Pollution Point Source Pollution

Two Types of PollutionOne is easier to control than the

other!

Point Source Pollutionany single identifiable source of pollution from which

pollutants are discharged, such as a pipe, ditch, ship or factory smokestack.

Factories and sewage treatment plants are two common types of point sources.

Nonpoint Source PollutionPollution discharged over a wide land area, not from one

specific location. Non-point source pollution is contamination that occurs when rainwater, snowmelt, or irrigation washes off plowed fields, city streets, or suburban backyards. As this runoff moves across the land surface, it picks up soil particles and pollutants, such as nutrients and pesticides.

Two Types of PollutionOne is easier to control than the

other

Identify each of the following as point source or nonpoint source pollution:

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. Runoff

The health of a water system is determined by the balance between physical, chemical, and biological variables.

Physical variables include temperature, turbidity. Chemical variables include dissolved oxygen and other gases, pH, nitrates and phosphates. Both natural and man-made forces are constantly changing these variables.

Biological variables are living organisms. Bio-indicators are living organisms that require specific conditions in order to survive. Their presence in waters, or lack of presence, is an indicator of the health of a water system.

Description:Murkiness of water due to suspended particlesLevels:Ideal = 1NTUHigh = 5o NTU+

Water Quality Indicator Notes

Turbidity

Causes:Erosion from constructionurban run offdisturbance of stream beds from bottom feeders/livestockincreased algal growthseptic system leaksdecaying plant matterflooding

Turbidity

Results:Increase temperatureDecrease in DOClogs gills in some aquatic organisms

Turbidity

Definition:Amount of kinetic energy

Levels:Low: cannot be tolerated below 00CHigh: only rough fish can tolerate temperatures above 350C

Temperature

Causes:Loss of shade from removal of vegetationThermal Pollution: industry dischargeseasonal temp changes Results:Decreased levels of DOincreased bacterial levels,increased algae growth

Temperature

Description:How acidic is the waterEach level is a 10x differenceLevels:06 is acidic 7 is neutral814 is basic

Surface Freshwater: 6.0 9.0

pH

Cause:Acid rainminerals in soils

Results:Death of sensitive bio-indicatorsDeath or damage to plants

pH

What is pH?

0-6 water is acidic

7 water is neutral

8-14 water is basic

What is the optimum freshwater pH?

Rainfall: 5 – 6.5

Most freshwater systems: 7 - 8

Most aquatic organisms: 6.5 – 8.2

Description:Oxygen gas dissolved in waterO2 enters water through photosynthesis and churning water

Levels:4-5 ppm optimal to support life  

Dissolved Oxygen

Cause:Increased TempDecaying plant material

Effect:Less diversity of bio-indicatorsfish-kills

Dissolved Oxygen

Description:Excess nutrients

Level:Nitrates above 1 ppm unhealthyPhosphates above .003 ppm unhealthy

Nitrates & Phosphates

Cause:Fertilizer run off Animal wasteLeaking septic systemsManure pits (hog farms, etc)

Average Level: Eutrophication – overgrowth of algae (pond scum)Low DO

Nitrates & Phosphates

EUTROPHICATION FLOW CHART Excess Nutrients Algal Bloom (pond scum) darkness below surface

photosynthesis stops decomposers & other organisms use up oxygen

DEATH (gradual buildup of dying plant matter the pond becomes a meadow)

Description:Macro-invertebrates living in water that are sensitive to pollution

Level:Large numbers and diversity

Bio-Indicators

Cause:Increased levels of pollution

Result:Less diversity of organismsFewer organisms

Bio-Indicators

Description:The amount of calcium and magnesium in the waterThese elements are needed for plant walls and shells/skeletons of aquatic organisms

Levels:Hard water has high levels of Ca & MgSoft water has low levels of Ca & Mg

Hardness

Cause:Water dissolves these minerals out of soil and

rocks. Ground water tends to be harder than surface water

Result:Low levels of Ca support only a small amount of

plant and animal lifeHigh levels can contribute to algae problems

Hardness

Read the directions for the test(s) in your group’s bin

Conduct the test(s) on your sample of tank water

You will conduct those tests at the creek next class

Test the fish tank water