Warm-up #8 Warm-up #8 Which achievement from medieval Which achievement from medieval

China was the most important and China was the most important and why?why?

From which direction was China From which direction was China vulnerable from attack? What group vulnerable from attack? What group of people lived here?of people lived here?

Empress Wu Reader Empress Wu Reader What was Confucian thought regarding a woman What was Confucian thought regarding a woman

as leader? as leader? Confucians thought that having a women rule Confucians thought that having a women rule

would be unnatural. would be unnatural. Why were women considered relatively free Why were women considered relatively free

during the Tang dynasty?during the Tang dynasty? Women were considered to be relatively free Women were considered to be relatively free

during this time because they didn’t bind their during this time because they didn’t bind their feet, were not submissive, and a number of feet, were not submissive, and a number of women contributed in politics and culture. women contributed in politics and culture.

Empress Wu Reader Empress Wu Reader What occurred that allowed Wu Zetian to take over What occurred that allowed Wu Zetian to take over

administrative power?administrative power? She took power because her husband was died and her She took power because her husband was died and her

youngest son became official ruler, she ruled for him. He youngest son became official ruler, she ruled for him. He later removed himself as emperor and she took over later removed himself as emperor and she took over officially. officially.

List two ways that Wu Zetain tried to elevate the List two ways that Wu Zetain tried to elevate the position of women.position of women.

She had scholars write biographies of famous women, She had scholars write biographies of famous women, gave her relatives high political positions. gave her relatives high political positions.

How would you rate Empress Wu’s reign? Provide two How would you rate Empress Wu’s reign? Provide two reasons to support your argument. reasons to support your argument.

Needs option and two supporting details. Needs option and two supporting details.

The Mongol ConquestsThe Mongol ConquestsHow did the Mongols gain How did the Mongols gain

control of China?control of China?

I. Nomads of the Asian SteppeI. Nomads of the Asian Steppe A. A. GeographyGeography of the Steppeof the Steppe

– SteppeSteppe—dry grassland of Eurasia—dry grassland of Eurasia——provideprovide home for nomads home for nomads..

– Two main expanses: Central Asia Two main expanses: Central Asia to eastern Europe, and Mongolia.to eastern Europe, and Mongolia.

– Steppe has Steppe has little rain, dramatic little rain, dramatic seasonal temperature differencesseasonal temperature differences..

Visual 1 of Asian steppesVisual 1 of Asian steppes

B.B. Nomadic LifeNomadic Life–Steppe nomads are Steppe nomads are pastoralistspastoralists—herd —herd domesticated animals.domesticated animals.

–skilled horse ridersskilled horse riders..–Nomads Nomads travel in clanstravel in clans——kin groups are linked by a kin groups are linked by a common ancestor.common ancestor.

Visual 2 nomadic tentsVisual 2 nomadic tents

C. Nomads and Settlements C. Nomads and Settlements Nomads and Nomads and people living in people living in settled settled

communities often interact.communities often interact.– Some interactions are Some interactions are peaceful like peaceful like

trade.trade.– Sometimes interactions are Sometimes interactions are violentviolent

nomads raid townsnomads raid towns to seize wealth to seize wealth and goods.and goods.

– Strong state or empire could protect Strong state or empire could protect its lands from these invasions.its lands from these invasions.

II. The Rise of the MongolsII. The Rise of the MongolsA. Genghis Khan Unites the A. Genghis Khan Unites the

MongolsMongols– About 1200About 1200, Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan

—”universal ruler”——”universal ruler”—unites Mongolsunites Mongols..– In early 1200s, he begins a In early 1200s, he begins a

campaign of conquest.campaign of conquest.– By 1225,By 1225, Genghis Khan Genghis Khan controls controls

North China North China and parts of central and parts of central Asia. Asia.

B. Genghis the B. Genghis the ConquerorConqueror– A A brilliantbrilliant

organizer and organizer and strategiststrategist..

– Uses brutality to Uses brutality to terrorize his terrorize his enemies enemies and and force force surrenders.surrenders.

III. The Mongol EmpireIII. The Mongol EmpireAA. . Genghis Khan dies in 1227.Genghis Khan dies in 1227.

– Successors Successors continue conquests continue conquests for 50 yearsfor 50 years

– By 1279 Kublai Khan By 1279 Kublai Khan (Genghis’ (Genghis’ grandson) becomes emperor of grandson) becomes emperor of the the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan Dynasty.

– The Mongols The Mongols conquer conquer territory territory from from China to Poland.China to Poland.

B. The KhanatesB. The Khanates– In In east, east, Mongols conquer northern Mongols conquer northern

China and invade KoreaChina and invade Korea..– In In westwest, Mongols take , Mongols take Kiev and Kiev and

threaten Vienna and Venice.threaten Vienna and Venice.– In In 1250s1250s, Mongols , Mongols turn their turn their

attention to Persia.attention to Persia.– By By 1260, Mongol Empire split into 1260, Mongol Empire split into

khanates khanates of of fourfour regions. regions.

Khanate of the Great Khan (Mongolia & China)

Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia)

Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia)

Ilkhanate (Persia)

C. The Mongols as RulersC. The Mongols as Rulers– Mongol rulers are tolerantMongol rulers are tolerant of other of other

peoples and peoples and culturescultures..– Some Some Mongols adopt local waysMongols adopt local ways, ,

leading to a split among khanates.leading to a split among khanates.D. The D. The Mongol PeaceMongol Peace

– Peaceful period from Peaceful period from mid-1200s to mid-1200s to mid-1300s is called Pax mid-1300s is called Pax MongolicaMongolica..

– There was much There was much east-west trade east-west trade and exchange of ideasand exchange of ideas during this during this period.period.

Homework Homework

Finish NotesFinish Notes Read Chapter 7.4 Read Chapter 7.4