Warm – up 8/14-17/2015

- Essentials: Pen or pencil, Quiz slip, yellow slip, stem cell research rubric.

- Warm-Up: In your groups quiz/teach each other components of the cell, mitosis, active and passive transport, osmosis and diffusion. You will have 10 minutes.

1. Parts of the cell, what is their job

2. Mitosis stages, what occurs during each stage

3. types of transportations of particles and fluidsAgenda DOL: SWBAT identify major body cavities and subdivisions and analyze the

importance of anatomical and directional terminology. Homework: Reads Chap. 5, Stem Cell Research Debate

- Announcements:- Quiz on Thurs/Fri- Debate Tues/Wed over Stem Cell Research (quiz grade!)- Lab next Thurs/Fri- Test August 28th

QUIZ #2

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Cell Cycle, Cancer

& Stem Cells

BEACH TIME!!WHY WOULD MS. HERVEY GIVE YOU A POOL NOODLE?

3 MINUTE BRAIN STORM AT YOUR TABLE

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

The Cell Cycle

•Orderly set of steps between eukaryotic cell divisions

Why do Cells Divide?

•Think, Pair, Share

1. Growth

2. Reproduction

3. Repair

Cell Cycle Two major stages:1. Interphase – cell is not dividing2. Mitotic (M) phase – cell is dividing

Stages of interphase1. Interphase

i. G1 phase (first gap phase) – growth phase when new organelles are produced and centrioles are produced

ii. S phase (synthesis) – nuclear DNA is replicatediii. G2 phase (second gap phase) – brief growth period for

production of enzymes needed for cell division, organelle and centriole production finishes

Stages of mitotic phase2. Mitotic phase

i. Mitosis – nucleus divides two sets of chromosomes into two daughter nuclei (4 phases)

ii. Cytokinesis – cytoplasm divides (usually begins during telophase)

Control of the Cell Cycle G1 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is damagedG2 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is replicated properlyM Checkpoint - spindle assembly checkpoint, check for alignment of chromosomes Apoptosis - programmed cell death, if any of the checks fail

Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

iPMAT“Please make another twin”

Phases of Mitosis•Prophase: Chromosomes visible, spindle forms as centrioles move

•Metaphase: Chromosomes line up along equator

•Anaphase: Chromatids separate

•Telophase: Nuclear membrane forms on each side, cytokinesis begins

**In plant cells, cytokinesis begins when a new cell wall forms between the two new cells.

**In animal cells, the two new cells pinch and pull apart

Mitosis produces 2 daughter cellsThe two daughter cells contain the exact same number of chromosomes as the original parent cellDaughter cells are DIPLOID

1.Name the phases

starting at the top.

1.Name the phase2.Identify X3.Identify Y

4. Name the

phase

5. Name the

phase

Draw the stages of mitosis in

your notes.

Let’s discuss your noodles!

Everyone stand up and form a circle with those holding the noodle in the middle and bound tightly.

The Cell Cycle and Cancer

•Cancer: cellular growth disorder that results from the mutation of genes that regulate the cell cycle• benign: non-cancerous• malignant: cancerous

•Cancer cells

• lack differentiation• have abnormal nuclei• form tumors

HeLa Cells

A HeLa cell (also Hela or hela cell) is a cell type in an immortal cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest and most commonly used human cell line.

The line was derived from cervical cancer cells taken from Henrietta Lacks, a patient who eventually died of her cancer on October 4, 1951.

Article on Henrietta Lacks

Introducing stem cells

A life story…

stem cell

What is a stem cell?

stem cell

SELF-RENEWAL(copying)

specialized celle.g. muscle cell, nerve cell

DIFFERENTIATION(specializing)

What is a stem cell?

Identical stem cells

Stem cell

SELF-RENEWAL(copying)

Stem cell

Specialized cells

DIFFERENTIATION(specializing)

1 stem cell

Self renewal - maintains the stem cell pool

4 specialized cells

Differentiation - replaces dead or damagedcells throughout your life

Why self-renew AND differentiate?1 stem cell

Where are stem cells found?

embryonic stem cellsblastocyst - a very early

embryo

tissue stem cellsfetus, baby and throughout life

Types of stem cell:1) Embryonic stem cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells:Where we find them

blastocyst

outer layer of cells= ‘trophectoderm’

cells inside = ‘inner cell mass’

embryonic stem cells taken fromthe inner cell mass

culture in the labto grow more cells

fluid with nutrients

Embryonic stem (ES) cells:What they can do

embryonic stem cells

PLURIPOTENT

all possible types of specialized cells

differentiation

neuronsgrow under conditions B

Embryonic stem (ES) cells:Challenges

embryonic stem cells

skin

grow under conditions A

blood

grow under conditions C

liver

grow under conditions D

?

Types of stem cell:2) Tissue stem cells

Tissue stem cells:Where we find them

muscles

skin

surface of the eye brain

breast

intestines (gut)

bone marrow

testicles

Tissue stem cells:What they can do

MULTIPOTENT

blood stem cell

found in bone marrow

differentiation

only specialized types of blood cell:red blood cells, white blood cells,

platelets

Types of stem cell:3)Induced pluripotent (iPS)

stem cells

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)

adult cell

‘genetic reprogramming’= add certain genes to the cell

induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cellbehaves like an embryonic stem cell

Advantage: no need for embryos! all possible types ofspecialized cells

culture iPS cells in the lab

differentiation

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)

adult cell (skin)

genetic reprogramming

pluripotent stem cell(iPS)

differentiation

Stem cell jargon

Potency A measure of how many types of specialized cell a stem cell can make

Pluripotent Can make all types of specialized cells in the body Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent

Multipotent Can make multiple types of specialized cells, but not all typesTissue stem cells are multipotent

Stem Cell Experts• You will be assigned a stem cell topic• 5 minutes to read the article on your own• 5 minutes to discuss the main points of

the article• 3 minutes each to present the main

points to your group members

Stem Cell Articles http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/embryonic-stem-cell-research-ethical-dilemma

http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/stem-cell-research-therapy-types-stem-cells-and-their-current-uses

http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/origins-ethics-and-embryos-sources-human-embryonic-stem-cells

http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/ethics-and-reprogramming-ethical-questions-after-discovery-ips-cells