Warm-up Update your Table of Contents Write your homework – have it stamped Get your “Fungi Assignment” out to be

checked! Get something to grade your test with!

Date Session#

Activity Page#

2/25 & 2/26

2 Pathogen Notes 4

Classwork/HomeworkResearch any disease and find out the

following: 1) What type of pathogen causes it2) What the symptoms are3) How can it be treated4) Any other interesting info about it5) PictureCompile all of this information onto a

“poster” (printer size paper) that can be displayed for a “Pathogen Poster Walk” so others can learn about your disease as well!

Pathogens Cause Disease We will focus on 4 Types

of Pathogens:FungiBacteriaVirusesParasites

Fungi Fact ReviewOpen to your Fungi Notes

What would you ask about on a Fungi quiz?

Fungi Pop QuizYou can keep your notes

out – YOU MAY USE ONLY YOUR NOTES!

When you are done, flip it over so we can correct them…you will have 10 minutes!

ERT = Everybody Reads To…

1) Turn to page NC-22 in the back of the book.

2) We will read one paragraph at a time, discuss the answers to the questions, & then take notes in the box for that topic.

PARAGRAPH 1 - PATHOGENS ERT

PathogensPathogen - Anything that can

cause disease or harmAlso referred to as microbes or germsVirus, Bacteria & Parasites are the 3

main types of diseasespreading pathogens

Types of Diseases Non-communicable: - Not infectious or contagious

– Cannot be passed from person to person– Can be due to genetics, behavior, or

environmental factors– EXAMPLES: Cancer, Alzheimer’s, Arthritis, Heart

Disease, Diabetes• Communicable: - Infectious or Contagious

– Caused by a Microbe entering body and reproducing – Bacteria, Virus, Parasite

– Easily spread between individual organisms– EXAMPLES: Cold, Influenza, (Flu) Strep Throat

PARAGRAPH 2 - VIRUSES ERT

Virus Composed of DNA or RNA enclosed

in a protein shell

NOT LIVING – Needs a host to reproduce

Very small

Vaccines used to treat

How a Virus Attacks a Cell… http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Rpj0emEGShQ

PARAGRAPH 3 - BACTERIA ERT

Bacteria Living organisms

Unicellular, prokaryotic

Larger than viruses, but usually more treatable

Antibiotics used to treat

Fun Fact: Clean skin has about 20 million bacteria per square inch…

Bacteria & Cell Phones http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=4lmwbBzClAc

PARAGRAPH 4 - PARASITES ERT

Parasites Living organisms that need a host

to survive – highly adapted to their host

Unicellular or multicellular

Come in many shapes and sizes

Maggots in My Headhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2Ac6RYSvo8

Tapeworm in My Eyehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVbrXbmPHpo

http://www.animalplanet.com/tv-shows/monsters-inside-me/videos/parasites-nest-in-brain.htm

Classwork/HomeworkResearch any disease and find out the

following: 1) What type of pathogen causes it2) What the symptoms are3) How can it be treated4) Any other interesting info about it5) PictureCompile all of this information onto a

“poster” (printer size paper) that can be displayed for a “Pathogen Poster Walk” so others can learn about your disease as well!

Warm-up Update your Table of Contents Write your homework – have it stamped Tape your disease research homework to

a wall around the room – MAKE SURE YOUR FIRST & LAST NAME IS VISIBLE ON THE FRONT OF IT!

Date Session#

Activity Page#

2/27 & 2/28

3 Comparing & Contrasting PathogensPathogen Poster Walk

5

Finding Patient Zero 6

Spread of Disease Note Guide 7

What Was A Pathogen Again…?

Pathogens are anything that cause disease…they are also referred to as microbes and germs

What Were the 4 Pathogens We Are Focusing On Again…?

FungiBacteriaVirusesParasites

Warm Up: Comparing & Contrasting Pathogens

Turn to page 5 and answer the following questions:

How are viruses and bacteria similar/different?

How are parasites and viruses similar/different?

How are fungal diseases similar/different to any of the other pathogens?

Which type of pathogen would you consider most serious and why?

Pathogen Poster WalkWhich disease did you

research?Walk around and view the various

diseases people have researched.Copy down information for 1 that

is different from your own including the name of the disease, the pathogen that causes it, symptoms & treatment!

Spreading Disease…

How does it happen…LET’S INVESTIGATE!?

Finding Patient Zero Each person will receive a test tube

and a syringe You will carefully go around the

room and trade fluids with 3 other people using the syringe

When completed, sit down and write down who you traded with first, second and third

Finding Patient ZeroBlue = NegativeOrange = PositiveGreen = Carrier

Who Figures All of This Out?

An Epidemiologist is a scientist who studies diseases including how they start, spread and how they are treated. (First thing on the note guide)

Contagions Many pathogens are also said to be

contagions…

Contagions – capable of being spread by direct or indirect contact (in other words…contagious)

How Do Pathogens Cause Harm?

They can change what your cells do Viruses are specifically good at this, but

carcinogens can do this as well

Mutagen – something that actually changes or “mutates” the genetic material of an organism

How do pathogens spread? 4 main ways that pathogens

are transferred:Person to personFood and waterEnvironmentAnimals

People to People… Carrier – a person who is

infected and can infect others but may not show the symptoms of the disease themselves

Types of Carriers1. Symptomatic:

- show symptoms of the disease; they are SICK- actively spreading disease particles to others

while they are sick– May be coughing, sneezing, have runny nose– EX: Influenza, Chicken Pox, Common Cold

2. Asymptomatic:– Does NOT appear sick– Can still actively spread disease– EX: HIV, Herpes

Typhoid Mary http://www.sciencechannel.com/tv-

shows/dark-matters-twisted-but-true/videos/true-story-behind-typhoid-mary.htm

Food and Water Contaminated food and water can

spread pathogens, below are a few examples:

= - Infected animals - Food or water that comes from

unsanitary areas or isn’t cleaned

- Eating raw or undercooked food

Environments Moist

A lot like water Average temperatures

Not too hot or too cold Limited exposure to fresh air

More ability to reproduce Sunlight

Good for some, bad for others Food sources

Sugars or decaying material

Animals Vector – Insects and animals that

spread disease to humans• EXAMPLES:

– Fleas – transmit the plague (bacterial)– Ticks – transmit Lyme disease (bacterial)– Mosquitoes – transmit Malaria

(parasitic), West Nile Virus, Yellow Fever (both viral)

Treatment/Medicine Antibiotics – Medicine that

prevents the growth and reproduction of bacteria

Vaccines – A weak dose of a virus that helps your immune system kill the real virus later

Preventing the Spread… Eat right, get enough rest, avoid stress Antibacterial soaps and antimicrobial

solutions (don’t overuse) Antibiotics (don’t overuse) Get vaccinated Covering our mouths when we cough or

sneeze Avoid unnecessary contact with people,

animals or objects that could be contaminated!

Keep studying diseases and how they adapt and change!

Mythbusters: Flu Fiction How Easily Can Pathogens

Really Spread?

Warm-up Update your Table of Contents Write your homework – have it

stamped

Date Session#

Activity Page#

3/3 & 3/4

4 Basic Bacteriology – Calculating the Growth Rate of Bacteria

8

Mapping Death – The Cholera Story 9

Quick Recap Antibiotics treat what type of pathogen? How do antibiotics work against bacteria? What are vaccines used for? How do vaccines prevent viruses? Why do we not want to overuse

antibiotics, antibacterial cleaners? Describe the job of an epidemiologist. Why are diseases that are no longer an

issue in the United States still a problem in other parts of the world?

Quick Recap People that are infected with a disease are

called something different than animals infected with a disease…

What is the difference between a contagion and mutagen?

How do those (contagion & mutagen) relate to communicable vs. non-communicable diseases

Does everyone that is sick show symptoms? Why is it important to know where the

people you associate with have been and who they have been in contact with?

The Rate of Spread… How quickly a disease spreads,

and size of the area it spreads to are key factors in the study of epidemiology…

We are going to calculate just how quickly bacteria can replicate…

Basic Bacteriology For each scenario, calculate the

rate of growth of bacteria. You can work with your table

partner…and you will probably need a calculator.

Bacteria Reproduction Video Cliphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEwzDydciWc

Example ProblemE. coli bacteria divide every 20 minutes. If

you have 30 bacteria cells at the beginning of your experiment, how many E. coli cells do you have after 2 hours?

Formula:2number of generations x initial number of bacteria =

total number of bacteria present

The Rate of Spread… Outbreak - The Cholera Story

John Snow

Cholera Background Cholera is a disease that is spread by

bacteria. The onset of cholera can appear with little or no warning, and include symptoms such as diarrhea, acute spasmodic vomiting and painful cramping. The victim can lose up to 5 gallons of liquid within 24 hours consequently causing severe dehydration accompanied by cyanosis, a condition in which the skin turns blue, skin also begins to pucker and become cold…death may occur in as little as a few hours.

The Cholera Story Imagine yourself in London, the year is

1854…what would your life be like?

Suddenly, people in your neighborhood begin to get sick and die very quickly. You hear your parents whispering that this isn’t the first time they have seen this type of sickness…it happened before in 1832 and nobody really knew what to do. This time however, a doctor, John Snow, comes with a new idea…

The Cholera Story He thought that if he checked the

city’s death records and mapped out exactly where people were living when they died, he might find some clues as to what was causing the disease and therefore how to stop it from spreading any further.

The Cholera Story – Mapping Death

With this idea came the birth of early epidemiology…you are now going to take on the role of John Snow and map death to find out how you can stop the spread!!

When you are done, we will find out the cause of the outbreak and how it affected the future.

Ted Talks – The Ghost Map http://www.ted.com/talks/

steven_johnson_tours_the_ghost_map.html

Warning…Outbreak! Create a warning poster, warning sign, comic,

commercial jingle or brochure or any other format you can think of warning your neighborhood about a possible disease outbreak!

Things to include: Name: disease (real or fictional) Mugshot: picture Description of suspect: virus, bacteria, parasite? Crimes: how does it attack? how does it spread?

symptoms? common victims? How can you prevent being infected? Reward???Must be informational, but can also be silly!! DUE IN 2 CLASSES FROM TODAY!QUALITY WORK!!

Examples

Warm-Up Write you homework – get it stamped Update your Table of Contents Draw a T-chart on page 10 – title it Epidemic

vs. Pandemic. Tape the QR code at the top of the page and scan it to begin filling in your T-chart.

Or Google “Wisegeek Epidemic Pandemic”Date Session

#Activity Page

#3/5 & 3/6

5 Epidemic vs. Pandemic T-Chart 10

Map Analysis Caption Boxes 11

Epidemic vs. Pandemic

Back to Cholera…

Was the cholera outbreak in London an epidemic or pandemic…why?

Outbreaks were a serious risk in the past, but what about now?

Map Analysis With your table

partner, analyze the maps and the information on the back of the maps.

Come up with the “Caption Box” for each map. In other words, what should the empty box next to each map say to explain the patterns seen on the map?

Risk of Spread of Influenza Caption Box

Countries are categorized as extreme risk because of their high population density, urbanization and busy airports.

These countries would require a tailored policy response on the part of the government and businesses to combat the risk of spread.

Risk of Capacity to Contain Influenza Caption Box

Countries with the highest capacity to contain a Pandemic have large stockpiles of drugs and a sophisticated health infrastructure, which means they have very effective measures to fight human influenza.

The capacity of a country to contain the spread of human influenza depends on factors of wealth, health, infrastructure, education, resources, information and communication networks, and government intervention.

Risk of Emergence of Influenza Caption Box

Countries most prone to risk of emergence of a strain of influenza in humans are poorer countries that have dense rural populations, with living quarters in close proximity to livestock.

This is compounded by poor hygiene, lack of access to clean water and sanitation and poor public health education or lack of access to healthcare. Little government intervention/policies to prevent this from occurring.

“The single biggest threat to man’s continued dominance on the planet is the virus” – Joshua Lederberg, Ph.D

How a Virus Changes the World…http://www.takepart.com/sites/default/

files/contagion/index.html#&slider1=1

Influenza 1918 WebQuest

Use the scan codes to work your way through the Influenza Pandemic of 1918!

Put your “Influenza of 1918” in the basket when you are done!

You may work on your Warning…Outbreak! Assignment when you are done.

Homework If you didn’t finish your

Influenza WebQuest, it now becomes extra homework that is due next class!

Warning…Outbreak! Assignment is due next class!

BYOT next class

Warm-Up Update your Table of Contents/Notebook Write your homework Put your Warning…Outbreak! Assignment

into the basket (or it should have already been submitted electronically)

Make a list of things that have contributed to our understanding of epidemics & pandemics that allow us to control them..

Date Session#

Activity Page#

3/7 & 3/10

6 Controlling Epidemics & Pandemics 12

Project Outbreak Instructions 12

Controlling Epidemics and Pandemics…

Evolution of Epidemics & Pandemics

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UG8YbNbdaco

Project Outbreak A disease is considered an outbreak when

it occurs in greater numbers than expected in a community or region, or during a season. An outbreak may occur in one community or even extend to several countries. It can last from days to years. Sometimes a single case of a contagious disease is considered an outbreak if it is an unknown disease, is new to a community, or has been absent from a population for a long time. An outbreak can be categorized as an epidemic or pandemic.

Project Outbreak Resources

http://www.takepart.com/sites/default/files/contagion/index.html#&slider1=1

http://www.who.int/csr/disease/en/

http://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/10-worst-disease-outbreaks#1

HOMEWORK Project Outbreak – due

Monday, March 17th – B-day Tuesday, March 18th – A-day

Pathogens Unit Test in 2 class periods as well…start studying!!

Thursday March 13th – B-day Friday March 14th – A-day