Warm UpWarm Up► What was the “Open Door” policy and what What was the “Open Door” policy and what

country was it aimed at?country was it aimed at?

► What does it mean when we say that the US What does it mean when we say that the US “Opened” Japan?“Opened” Japan?

► Why did the US go to war with Spain and what Why did the US go to war with Spain and what territories did the US acquire as a result of the territories did the US acquire as a result of the war?war?

► What constitutional issue developed as a result What constitutional issue developed as a result of the U.S. becoming an imperial power?of the U.S. becoming an imperial power?

► What reason did McKinley give for retaining the What reason did McKinley give for retaining the Philippians?Philippians?

Problems in Cities at Problems in Cities at the turn of the the turn of the

CenturyCentury

(1890s-1900s)(1890s-1900s)

ReviewReview

►Who was Madison Grant and what were his Who was Madison Grant and what were his main ideas?main ideas?

►Who were the “New” immigrants and why Who were the “New” immigrants and why was their a lot of hostility towards them?was their a lot of hostility towards them?

► A = People from Southern & Eastern Europe. A = People from Southern & Eastern Europe. They were different than most previous They were different than most previous immigrants to America in that they were not immigrants to America in that they were not of the “Nordic” race and were primarily of the “Nordic” race and were primarily Catholic and Jewish.Catholic and Jewish.

Jacob RiisJacob Riis

► Born in DenmarkBorn in Denmark

► America’s 1America’s 1stst PhotojournalistPhotojournalist

► Book = Book = How the Other How the Other Half Lives: Studies Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements Among the Tenements of New York.of New York.

► It about the poor living It about the poor living conditions of the “New” conditions of the “New” immigrants.immigrants.

Increased UrbanizationIncreased Urbanization

►More people moving to cities at end of More people moving to cities at end of 1800s.1800s.

► Improved farm machines = fewer farm Improved farm machines = fewer farm jobs. People went to cities to look for jobs. People went to cities to look for work.work.

►““New Immigrants” also going to cities.New Immigrants” also going to cities.

Social ProblemsSocial Problems

►High crime ratesHigh crime rates

►Poor housing for the poor and “New Poor housing for the poor and “New immigrants” (immigrants” (TenementsTenements).).

►Bad SanitationBad Sanitation

Dumbbell TenementsDumbbell Tenements►Type of tenement that got narrow in Type of tenement that got narrow in

middle.middle.►Built like this because a law said every Built like this because a law said every

room needed a window.room needed a window.

► If you were an immigrant from Italy If you were an immigrant from Italy arriving in New York city in 1900, what arriving in New York city in 1900, what would you need once you got here? would you need once you got here? Who do you think would help you?Who do you think would help you?

ReadingReading

►Read textbook pg. 238 “Political Read textbook pg. 238 “Political Corruption”Corruption”

►Read HandoutRead Handout

Political CorruptionPolitical Corruption► Lots of $ being spent as cities got more crowded.Lots of $ being spent as cities got more crowded.

► Political MachinesPolitical Machines = political organizations that = political organizations that exchanged favors for votes.exchanged favors for votes.

► Once in power, used political offices to get $ and Once in power, used political offices to get $ and give favors.give favors.

► Most Democratic Political Machines give favors to Most Democratic Political Machines give favors to “new Immigrants” to get their votes.“new Immigrants” to get their votes.

► Most famous machine is Most famous machine is Tammany HallTammany Hall in New York in New York City.City.

William “Boss” TweedWilliam “Boss” Tweed

► Leader of Tammany Leader of Tammany HallHall

Why Would people not like Why Would people not like corrupt Political Machines?corrupt Political Machines?

►Because people in government are Because people in government are supposed to do things for the public supposed to do things for the public good, not to make $ for themselves.good, not to make $ for themselves.

►Also, people should vote for who will Also, people should vote for who will do the best for everybody, not do the best for everybody, not because they did you a favor.because they did you a favor.

Jane AddamsJane Addams

► Wants to help urban Wants to help urban immigrants.immigrants.

► Settlement HousesSettlement Houses — —provide educational provide educational and social services and social services for immigrants. for immigrants.

► Hull HouseHull House (Chicago) (Chicago)

Differing Views on “New” Differing Views on “New” Immigrants.Immigrants.

► People like Jane Addams want to help them People like Jane Addams want to help them assimilateassimilate—learn how to be like everybody —learn how to be like everybody else.else.

►Others hold Others hold nativistnativist attitudes—they do not attitudes—they do not really want any immigrants coming to the US really want any immigrants coming to the US (especially ones that are not from western and (especially ones that are not from western and northern Europe and are not Protestant.northern Europe and are not Protestant.

► Nativists generally call for laws to limit Nativists generally call for laws to limit immigration.immigration.

RecapRecap► What were some of the problems with cities in at What were some of the problems with cities in at

the turn of the century?the turn of the century?

► Who was Jacob Riis, what was the name of his book, Who was Jacob Riis, what was the name of his book, and what was it about?and what was it about?

► What were political machines and what was their What were political machines and what was their relationship to the “New” Immigrants?relationship to the “New” Immigrants?

► What was the most infamous political machine?What was the most infamous political machine?

► What were settlement houses?What were settlement houses?

► What was the name of the most famous settlement What was the name of the most famous settlement house and who was the woman who ran it?house and who was the woman who ran it?

Re-CapRe-Cap

► By 1900s, Eastern cities were getting larger, By 1900s, Eastern cities were getting larger, but this created many problems.but this created many problems.

► Jacob Riis documented the many problems Jacob Riis documented the many problems that the “New Immigrants” faced in America.that the “New Immigrants” faced in America.

►Most big-city governments were run by Most big-city governments were run by political machines like Tammany hall and political machines like Tammany hall and where corrupt. where corrupt.

► Settlement Houses were set up to help the Settlement Houses were set up to help the “New Immigrants.”“New Immigrants.”

Melting pot v. Salad bowlMelting pot v. Salad bowl

►The The melting potmelting pot is a is a metaphor for a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more society becoming more homogeneous, the different , the different elements "melting together" elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is a common culture. It is particularly used to describe particularly used to describe the the assimilation of immigrants of immigrants to the to the United States;;

The Salad BowlThe Salad Bowl

►the the salad bowlsalad bowl analogy where the analogy where the ingredients are encouraged to retain ingredients are encouraged to retain their cultural identities, thus retaining their cultural identities, thus retaining their "integrity and flavor" while their "integrity and flavor" while contributing to a tasty salad contributing to a tasty salad

Increased transportationIncreased transportation

►Cable-carsCable-cars

►Trolley carsTrolley cars

►SubwaysSubways

►Allow for cities to get even bigger.Allow for cities to get even bigger.