Warm-Up

•Why did Spaniards felt a rush to start colonizing Texas?

•Turn in Your Explorer Foldable!

Missions and Settlement

Spain Looks to Texas

•After over a 100 years of leaving Texas alone, New Spain established the first permanent Mission in 1682.

•Mission of Corpus Christi de la Ysleta▫Near Present-day El Paso

•Why the sudden change to establish Texas?

Corpus Christi de la Ysltea

Fear of French Louisiana

•Most of Spanish Activity was during the 1690s, in the Eastern Part of Texas▫Why?

•La Salle arrived in 1685 brought fear to the Spaniards

•Open the door to build missions, military outposts called Presidios, and towns lands occupied by the Native Texans.

A Tejas Mission

•De Leon and His troops▫Near the Colorado River met a large group

of Hasinai▫Angelina, a Hasinai women, Coin them the

name Tejas•Father Damian Massanet promise to come

back•1690 Went back and create the 1st Mission

in East Texas

San Francisco de los Tejas

•Located a few miles west of the Neches River (near present day town of Weches)

Failure at San Francisco de los Tejas

•Reasons▫Drought▫Disease killing many Native Texans▫Rejection of the Catholic Religion and to

change the Native Texans▫France no longer was a threat

•Mexico City felt it was costing them to much money, led to the mission being abandoned

Positive side of the spectrum

•Even though, the mission was a failure New Spain felt the need to strengthened Spain’s claim in Texas.

•More presidios and Spanish families began to settle on the land.

•Mission settlement along the Rio Grande flourished

Mission San Juan Bautista

•Built west of the river near the present-day town of Eagle Pass in 1699

•Allowed for safe passage to Texas•Grew into three missions, a presidio, and

a town•Became the “Mother of Texas”

▫Base for many expedition whose aims were to establish mission

Mission San Juan Bautista

•Provided grain, cattle, and horses to missionaries

Father Francisco Hidalgo• Missionary• Knowledge of San

Francisco de los Tejas• Request was ignored to

start another mission

France Threatens Again

•France became friends with the Natives▫Why?

Did not take their land Did not try and convert them to Catholicism Became trading partners

•Effects on Spain▫Father Hidalgo proposal to the Governor of

France Louis de St. Denis

Secret Negotiations with Spain and France•Hidalgo look at this as an opportunity to

open trade with •Louis de St. Denis sets up trading post in

Natchitoches, on the Red River to trade with Native Texans

•Captain Diego Ramon, the presidio’s Commander arrested St. Denis and sent him to Mexico City

Conflict results

•Led to new missions to be built in East Texas

•Spanish and France trading Stopped•Spaniards viceroy appointed St. Denis

because of his Texas Trails knowledge and his good relations with Native Americans.

•This led to a boom in Missions across East Texas

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Spanish_Missions_in_Texas.JPG

New Missions

•San Antonio is Found▫San Antonio was a settlement between the

new missions in the East and the Rio Grande

▫The Site was chose because of the San Antonio River

▫Presidio San Antonio de Bexar, 1718▫Across the river, Mission San Antonio de

Valero (the Alamo)

French and Spain War of 1719

•Small unit of French soldiers from Louisiana seized a Spanish mission near present-day Nacogdoches

•Panic-stricken missionaries, soldiers, and families fled to San Antonio

•Caused Angry and determined, viceroy of New Spain to retake East Test.

Marques de san Miguel De Aguayo•Order by the Viceroy•March to Texas

▫500 soldier-settlers▫Thousands of horses, mules, sheep and

cattle▫Reestablished the abandoned mission

•He also established 8 more missions, 2 villages, and 4 presidios by the time he returned home.

East Texas

•Aguayo return home after Spanish rule in Texas seemed secured

•1727, Officials believe it cost to much and abandoned the presidio and moved back to San Antonio

•French continued to be active in East Texas but with the respect to not pass Aguayo’s line

Indians in the Plains reaction to the Missions•Native Americans in the Plains resented

the intruders.•San Antonio suffered from being raided

by the Apaches▫This made life very dangerous for settlers

•Comanche’s took the Spaniards horses•Spaniards still wanted to spread

catholicism

Indians in the Plains reaction to the Missions, con’t• 1748 and 1751, three new missions

▫San Xavier along the San Gabriel River (near present-day Rockdale)

▫Serve the Tonkawa• Misfortunes

▫Apaches struck the settlers▫Drought▫Smallpox and measles▫Tonkawas left

• The Missions abandoned and moved to a closer one near San Antonio

San Saba Mission and Apaches

•Apaches asked the Spanish Missionaries for the opportunity to convert to Christians▫Why?

Safety from the Comanche•Creation of Mission Santa Cruz de San

Saba▫1757, near present-day Menard in central

Texas▫Was a bold step ▫Apaches visited to get food and supplies

but never stayed a long time

San Saba Mission Fails

•Comanche attacks▫1758 and 1759 took nearly 30 lives ▫Caused missionaries to move the mission

•One of many failures to Christianize the Plains

Plains Fail, San Antonio Works

•Even though the mission in the Plains Failed, San Antonio Stayed Strong

•These mission were successful in persuading some native Texans to settle, farm, and practice Catholicism.

•The towns resemble both Spaniards as well as Native Americans