Warm Up 2/17/09 1) 1) Which of the following is NOT a process that decreases the salinity of...
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Transcript of Warm Up 2/17/09 1) 1) Which of the following is NOT a process that decreases the salinity of...
Warm Up 2/17/09Warm Up 2/17/091) Which of the following is NOT a process that
decreases the salinity of seawater?a. icebergs melting c. runoff from landb. precipitation d. evaporation
2) In addition to salinity, what factor affects the density of seawater?a. salt content c. latitudeb. temperature d. depth
3) Ocean salinity is usually expressed in ____.a. charts c. parts per thousandb. chemical formulas d. parts per billion
Answers: 1) d. 2) b. 3) c.
Classification of Marine OrganismsClassification of Marine Organisms
Marine organisms can be classified according to Marine organisms can be classified according to where they live and how they movewhere they live and how they move
PlanktonPlankton include all organisms—algae, animals, include all organisms—algae, animals, and bacteria—that drift with ocean currentsand bacteria—that drift with ocean currents
Phytoplankton – Phytoplankton – the algae that undergo the algae that undergo photosynthesisphotosynthesis
Zooplankton – Zooplankton – animal planktonanimal plankton NektonNekton include all animals capable of moving include all animals capable of moving
independently of the ocean currents, by independently of the ocean currents, by swimming or other means of propulsionswimming or other means of propulsion
The term The term benthosbenthos describes organisms living on describes organisms living on or in the ocean bottomor in the ocean bottom
Marine Life ZonesMarine Life Zones
The distribution of marine organisms is The distribution of marine organisms is affected by the chemistry, physics, and affected by the chemistry, physics, and geology of the oceangeology of the ocean
Three factors are used to divide the ocean Three factors are used to divide the ocean into distinct marine life zones: the into distinct marine life zones: the availability of sunlight, the distance from availability of sunlight, the distance from shore, and the water depthshore, and the water depth
Availability of SunAvailability of Sun Photic Zone – Photic Zone – the upper part of the ocean into the upper part of the ocean into
which sunlight penetrateswhich sunlight penetrates The clarity of seawater is affected by many The clarity of seawater is affected by many
factors, including the amount of plankton, factors, including the amount of plankton, suspended sediment, and decaying organic suspended sediment, and decaying organic particlesparticles
The euphotic zone is the portion of the photic The euphotic zone is the portion of the photic zone near the surface where light is strong zone near the surface where light is strong enough for photosynthesis (usually no deeper enough for photosynthesis (usually no deeper than 100 meters)than 100 meters)
Below the photic zone is the Below the photic zone is the aphotic zoneaphotic zone, , where there is no sunlightwhere there is no sunlight
Concept CheckConcept Check
What is the difference between the photic What is the difference between the photic zone and the aphotic zone? zone and the aphotic zone?
Sunlight penetrates the photic zone; no Sunlight penetrates the photic zone; no sunlight reaches the aphotic zone.sunlight reaches the aphotic zone.
Distance from ShoreDistance from Shore Intertidal Zone –Intertidal Zone – the area where the land and ocean the area where the land and ocean
meet and overlapmeet and overlap The The intertidal zoneintertidal zone is a narrow strip of land which is is a narrow strip of land which is
alternately covered and uncovered between high and alternately covered and uncovered between high and low tideslow tides
Neritic Zone –Neritic Zone – covers the gently sloping continental covers the gently sloping continental slopeslope
The The neritic zoneneritic zone is often shallow enough to put all of it is often shallow enough to put all of it in the in the photic zonephotic zone, and is so rich with life that it , and is so rich with life that it supports 90% of the world’s commercial fisheriessupports 90% of the world’s commercial fisheries
Oceanic Zone –Oceanic Zone – area beyond the continental shelf area beyond the continental shelf Surface waters in the oceanic zone tend to not have Surface waters in the oceanic zone tend to not have
many nutrients as they sink down to the deep ocean many nutrients as they sink down to the deep ocean floorfloor
Water DepthWater Depth
Pelagic Zone –Pelagic Zone – open ocean of any depth open ocean of any depth Animals in the Animals in the pelagic zonepelagic zone swim or float freely swim or float freely Benthic Zone –Benthic Zone – includes any sea-bottom includes any sea-bottom
surface regardless of its distance from shoresurface regardless of its distance from shore The The benthic zonebenthic zone is mostly inhabited by is mostly inhabited by benthosbenthos
organismsorganisms Abyssal Zone –Abyssal Zone – a subdivision of the a subdivision of the benthic benthic
zonezone; includes the deep-ocean floor, such as ; includes the deep-ocean floor, such as abyssal plainsabyssal plains
The The abyssal zoneabyssal zone is characterized by high water is characterized by high water pressure, consistently low temperature, no pressure, consistently low temperature, no sunlight, and sparse lifesunlight, and sparse life
Hydrothermal VentsHydrothermal Vents Seawater seeps into the ocean floor Seawater seeps into the ocean floor
through cracks in the crustthrough cracks in the crust The water is super-heated and saturated The water is super-heated and saturated
with minerals, and escapes back into the with minerals, and escapes back into the oceanocean
The minerals precipitate out, giving the The minerals precipitate out, giving the water the appearance of black smoke water the appearance of black smoke (black smokers)(black smokers)
At some vents water temperature of 100At some vents water temperature of 100ºC ºC or higher support communities of organisms or higher support communities of organisms found nowhere else in the worldfound nowhere else in the world
Assignment (Due 2/19-20)Assignment (Due 2/19-20)
Read Chapter 15 (pg. 422-437)Read Chapter 15 (pg. 422-437) Do the Chapter 15 Assessment #1-32 (pg. Do the Chapter 15 Assessment #1-32 (pg.
443-444) # 1 – 8 (pg. 445)443-444) # 1 – 8 (pg. 445)
Cool DownCool Down
1.1. Why do many fish in the abyssal zone Why do many fish in the abyssal zone locate food through chemical sensing?locate food through chemical sensing?
The abyssal zone is vast and there is no The abyssal zone is vast and there is no sunlight, so fish cannot depend on being sunlight, so fish cannot depend on being able to find food by sight.able to find food by sight.
2.2. In which area of the ocean do most In which area of the ocean do most benthos organisms live?benthos organisms live?
On the shallow coastal ocean floor.On the shallow coastal ocean floor.3.3. What is one thing that you learned today What is one thing that you learned today
that you never knew? Explain.that you never knew? Explain.