Warm-up 1.How does the land gained from the Mexican-American War affect the balance of power in the...
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Transcript of Warm-up 1.How does the land gained from the Mexican-American War affect the balance of power in the...
Warm-up
1. How does the land gained from the Mexican-American War affect the balance of power in the U.S.?
2. How does the Industrial Revolution affect the movement of
people into the west?
Compromises and the national move towards Civil War
Jefferson Davis (Sec. of War)
• What should become of our new lands?– Slavery?– Free?– Balance of Power?
• Heavily influences the Pierce administration
The Shaky Union1) The South feared that the North would take
control of CONGRESS and SOUTHERNERS began to proclaim states’ rights as a means of self-protection.
2) The North believed that the nation was a UNION and could not be divided.
3) While the Civil War did not begin as a war to abolish SLAVERY, issues surrounding slavery deeply divided the NATION.
Issues that Divided the Nation
1) An important issue separating the country related to the power of the FEDERAL government.
2) Southerners felt that they had the power to declare any national law ILLEGAL (nullification). Northerners believed that the national government’s power was SUPREME over that of the states.
3) Southerners felt that the abolition of SLAVERY would destroy their region’s economy. Northerners believed that slavery should be abolished for MORAL reasons.
Compromise of 1850
• Created in reaction to new lands gained from Mexican-American War
• Missouri Compromise is inadequate now that U.S. geography has changed
1850 Compromise AgreementNorth Gets: South Gets:
California admitted as a free state
No slavery restrictions in Utah or New Mexico territories
Slave trade prohibited in Washington D.C.
Slaveholding permitted in Washington D.C.
Texas loses boundary dispute with New Mexico
Texas gets $10 million
Fugitive Slave Law
Fugitive Slave Laws (1850)• 1. No jury trials for
blacks• 2. Slaves cannot
testify against masters• 3. Federal
commissioners handled all cases – $5 if slaves are freed by
the ruling– $10 if ruling in favor of
claimant (master)
The Abolition Movement
The Underground Railroad
• “Escape” Route from South for runaway slaves
Harriet Tubman “Moses”
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
• Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Personalized Slavery• Sold 3 million
copies• Banned in the South
– “Book of Lies”
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
• Authorized the creation of Kansas and Nebraska
• Abolished the Mason-Dixon Line (Missouri Compromise)
• Supported Popular Sovereignty
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Compromises Attempting to Resolve Differences
1) Missouri Compromise (1820): Missouri entered the Union as a SLAVE state. Maine entered the Union as a FREE state.
2) Compromise of 1850: California entered the Union as a FREE state. Southwest territories would DECIDE about slavery (popular sovereignty).
3) Kansas-Nebraska Act: People in each state would decided the SLAVERY issue (popular sovereignty)
Senator David Atchison
*Leads 5,000 pro slavery Missourians into Kansas
*Attempts to swing slavery vote
*Kansas = slave state
Bleeding Kansas (1856)
• Pro-slavery Missourians (in Kansas) attack Lawrence, KS (anti-slavery city)
• Lawrence is burned, 200 die in total
John Brown"These men are all talk. What we need is action—action!"
Brooks-Sumner Incident
• Sen. Charles Sumner (MA) gives anti-slavery speech in the Senate
• Insults Sen. Andrew Butler (SC)• Butler’s nephew, Rep. Preston Brooks (SC)
felt his family was insulted• Beats Sumner unconscious with his cane
Sumner suffers severe brain damage – 3 year coma
Brooks receives hundreds of canes to replace the one he broke on Sumner’s head
Dred Scott Case (1857)
• Upheld slavery– Dred Scott sues for his freedom
• Roger B. Taney (Chief Justice) Rules:– Slaves cannot sue– Slaves are not citizens– Slaves are property– Consequence = Slavery cannot be stopped
Final ruling in Dred Scott Case: Missouri Compromise declared
unconstitutional (Congress could not ban slavery from any state)
Chief Justice Taney
Reaction
• Harper’s Ferry, WV – John Brown leads 21 abolitionists on a raid
• Raids a federal arsenal – hopes to arm southern slaves to lead rebellion
• Hoped to establish a base to conduct raids from the Blue Ridge Mountains
• Captured, executed for treason• Became a martyr for the cause
“I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood. I had, as I now think, vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed it might be done.” –John Brown, written the day of his death.
Wrap-up
• What helps to create the escalation of violence in the 1850s between the free and the slave states?
• What impact did Uncle Tom’s Cabin have in the U.S?
• How did John Brown’s death affect people in the U.S.?