Warm-up #19.3 (25.4)

8. What term describes a government policy that allows businesses to set their own policies with no interference?

9. Adam Smith is to capitalism as Karl Marx is to ________.

10. What is a voluntary association for workers seeking reform?

11. What areas saw reform as a result of the industrial revolution?

8. Laissez-faire

9. Communism

10.Union

11.Ended slavery, women’s rights, public education, prisoner treatment

Chapter 27The Age of Imperialism

1850-1914

Sections 1, 4, and 5

Section 1The Scramble for Africa

Origins of Imperialism

Imperialism refers to the seizure (conquer) of a country/territory by a stronger country

Much of the imperialism in the 1800s was a result of industrialization Need for resources (Africa is

abundant)

Imperial nations would change the politics, economy, and culture of the weaker countries

Pre-Europe Africa

Hundreds of divisions based on language and ethnic groups

Most had traditional beliefs Some Muslims and Christians

Political units ranged from large empires to independent villages

African armies had been successful at keeping Europeans out until 1880

European Supremacy

National pride led to Europeans believing that the size of their Empire revealed their strength Created a race to “plant a flag” on

as much of the world as possible

Social Darwinism supported the European belief that it was their right and duty to take weaker nations over In its extreme, this is racism

Challenges Fade

Africa had been a challenge for Europe for 400 years, but the developments in the 1800s changed that

Maxim Gun (first automatic machine gun)

Steam engine made the interior accessible Railroads and cable

communication kept it connected

New medicine (malaria)

Diversity (language/culture) of Africa made it easier to divide and conquer

Berlin Conference

The discovery of new resources (gold and diamonds) led to all Europeans wanting to colonize Africa

Fearing war, they decided to meet in Berlin in 1884-5 to set the rules for division Completely ignored ethnic

divisions (no Africans in attendance)

The agricultural needs of Europeans (CASH CROPS: cotton, peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, rubber) superseded the African farmers food needs

Competition for South Africa

Fought over by Africans (Zulu-under the leadership of Shaka), the Dutch (Boers), and the British The British defeated the Zulu in

1887

The Dutch had been farming in S. Africa since 1652. Dutch farmers were called Boers British will claim the land in the

1800s

The British and the Dutch will fight the for control in 1899 (Boer War) Britain wins but allows the Boers to

remain

Types of Control

Four types of control: Colony

Protectorate

Sphere of influence

Economic imperialism

Direct vs Indirect control Indirect – used in the Pacific Islands

and the US by the British

Allowed the local rulers to maintain most control

Direct – French

Based on the idea of paternalism (colony needed somebody to show them the “right” way to do things)

Involved forcing the colonized people to assimilate (give up their culture)

And Now…

Imperialism Project Sign up for a country (2 people can choose each country)

While you may work with the person who has the same country, you will both need to upload your own file.

Open the description of the assignment and then open the presentation template. Make sure you immediately save it with your name and the name of the country. (EX: Gibson – India)

Due: Monday, March 9

Industrial Revolution Project Continue working on your project

Due: Monday, March 9

Warm-up #19.4 (27.1)

12. What was the name of the meeting where the rules for colonial division of Africa took place in 1884?

13. Why did Africans not have enough food during European imperialism?

14. Why did the Europeans feel the need to have the Berlin Conference?

12.Berlin Conference

13.Europeans forced them to grow cash crops

14.Prevent European nations from going to war

Section 4British Imperialism in India

British Take Control

Began in the 1600s with the British East India Company setting up trading posts Gained political power over time

The BEIC (Company) employed Indian soldiers (sepoys) in its own army

Following the Industrial Revolution, India became the “jewel in the crown” of the British Empire because it was the most valuable of all the colonies 300 million workers (more than 25% of

the world) & consumers

Raw materials

They imposed the same rules as the Navigation Acts in the American colonies

Impact of Colonialism India’s importance continued to grown

throughout the 1800s

Benefits:

Created the world’s 3rd largest railroad network

Modernized the economy

Connected the regions of India

Sanitation

Education

Healthcare

Security

Negatives:

No independent political/economic power

Emphasis on cash crops

Loss of culture as a result of missionaries/racism

Sepoy Mutiny

By 1850, there was a growing movement of discontent in India

A cultural “misunderstanding” (beef/pork fat used to grease rifles) led to a strike by the Sepoys British respond with

imprisonment

Soldiers rebel

The rebellion lasted more than a year but was eventually won by the British More fear of Muslim control than

British control

The Raj

As a result of the mutiny, the British government took direct control in 1858

Loyal Indian princes maintained the power they held prior to the rebellion The British slowly took this away

too

Resentment of the British would continue to grow in India

Nationalism in India

India began to “westernize” in the 1800s. Many felt the “old ways” made them easy to dominate

During the late 1800s, more and more Indians resented being 2nd class in their own country (could not hold top positions)

Two groups emerge Indian National Congress (1885)

Muslim League (1906)

These groups will eventually both begin to seek self-government

And Now…

Reminder: CH 27 VOCAB QUIZ TOMORROW

Imperialism Project Sign up for a country (2 people can choose each country)

While you may work with the person who has the same country, you will both need to upload your own file.

Open the description of the assignment and then open the presentation template. Make sure you immediately save it with your name and the name of the country. (EX: Gibson – India)

Due: Monday, March 9 (By the end of class)

Industrial Revolution Project Continue working on your project

Due: Friday, Mar 13 (beginning of class)

AND NOW…

Work on your Industrial Revolution Project(s) Due Friday if hardcopy (Sunday if emailed/uploaded to

Moodle)

All written components must be typed

Study vocabulary for tomorrow’s vocab quiz There will be very little time to study during class

Keep taking the USA Test Preps

Warm-up #20.1 (27.4)

1. Why was India called the “jewel in the crown”?

2. What was the direct result of the Sepoy Mutiny?

1. It was the most valuable of all the English colonies

2. Britain tightened its control of the colony

Section 5Imperialism in Southeast Asia

Pacific Rim

Western nations began to look to the Pacific Rim (region of countries surrounding the Pacific Ocean) as a strategic location for Chinese trade

Also, these countries had natural resources Agriculture, minerals, oil

In the early 1700s, the Dutch, British, French, and Germans had already established control in SE Asia

Foreign Control

The Dutch (Indonesia) sought permanent residence on plantations

Created a social class system in Indonesia

The British (Malaysia) were competing with the Dutch.

Wanted a trading base between India and China

Conquered Malaysia, encouraged Chinese immigration, and outnumbered the Malays

The French imitated the Dutch but did it on the mainland (French Indochina)

Eventually they will export food while the Vietnamese go hungry

Led to resistance

Colonial Impact

As was the case in India, colonialism in SE Asia had mixed results

Benefits: Economies grew

Infrastructure improved (roads, harbors, railroads)

Education, health, and sanitation

Problems: The millions of people migrating

to work on plantations and in the mines led to racial/religious clashes that still occur today

US Imperialism: The Philippines

As a result of the Spanish American War (1898), the US gained control of Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

Some Filipinos demanded, and fought for, immediate independence Led by Emilio Aguinaldo

The US fought that movement and won in 1902

Pros and Cons: We built roads, hospitals, and schools BUT we also encouraged cash crops, reducing food supplies

US Imperialism: Hawaii

Strategic location made it enticing since 1790

American sugar plantations began being created in the 1820s

Very successful (75% of Hawaii’s GDP)

This economic power eventually affected politics

1890 Tariff led to calls for annexation (adding the territory to the US)

Queen Liliuokalani (1893) attempted to return power to the natives

US businessmen overthrew her and claimed control, seeking annexation

Hawaii was annexed in 1898

And Now… CH 27 VOCAB QUIZ TOMORROW

Open note – available over the weekend

Imperialism Project Sign up for a country (2 people can choose each country)

While you may work with the person who has the same country, you will both need to upload your own file.

Open the description of the assignment and then open the presentation template. Make sure you immediately save it with your name and the name of the country. (EX: Gibson – India)

Due: Monday, March 9 (By the end of class)

Industrial Revolution Project Continue working on your project

Due: Friday, Mar 13 (beginning of class)