WARM UP # 1/31

Unscramble the words from this chapter

• Bonus – 1st 3 people who show me get EC slips!

1. D M E N L E

2. L A L E L

3. M E H C O S R O O

4. C R S E S V I E E

5. G Y E T Z O

6. A R T T I

Ch 11 NOTES #41/31

Types of genetic combinations

Types of genetics:

1. Complete (AKA: Mendelian traits)- 1 trait dominant over the other

EX: monohybrid – 1 trait – eye color, etc.

dihybrid – 2 traits

2. Codominant - both traits show up if heterozygous

EX: blood types, spotted, brown and

white mix ,etc.

3. Polygenic - more than one gene + environment effects a trait

EX: height, weight, skin color, cancer, diabetes, etc.

4. Incomplete Dominance - mixture of two traits

EX: red and white = pink

tall and short = medium

5. Sex-linked - traits on the X chromo. only

EX: hemophilia, colorblindness, sickle cell

46 chromosomes

23 pairs

Last set is called the sex chromosomes – determines the sex of the person

MALE: X Y

FEMALE : X X

Who determines the sex of the baby?

A. The mom does

B. The dad does

C. Both the mom and dad

FEMALE: X X

MALE: X Y

Males determine the sex of the baby

WHY? because they have the X and they Y. Females only have X and X.

X Y

X X

All the female’s eggs will be X’s. If the sperm with the X fertilizes the egg, it

will be a girl. If the sperm with the Y fertilizes the egg, it

will be a boy.

DO YOU HAVE A SEX-LINKED TRAIT?

COLORBLINDNESS TEST

Sex-linked traits are carried on the X, if a male gets 1 recessive it will show – because he only has one X

In the female it will only show if she gets 2 recessives – because she has 2 x’s

EX:

XHY XhY will show

XHXH XHXh XhXh

CARRIER - you have the recessive gene and can pass it on to your child

• Must use X and Y’s when doing punnett square for sex-linked!

PRACTICE SEX-LINKEDEX: C = not colorblind c = colorblind

Mom is a carrier for cb

Dad is colorblind

Children?

2. CODOMINANT

PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE

Blood type A : A A or A O

type B : B B or B O

type AB : A B

type O : O O

PRACTICE CODOMINANT

Cross a person that has blood type B homozygous with a person that has blood type A heterozygous.

3. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE

White flower FW FW

Red flower FR FR

Pink flower FR FW

PRACTICE INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

Cross a pink flowering plant with a heterozygous red flowering plant.

4. SEX- LINKED

Humans – 46 chromo. = 23 pairs

Autosomes – 22 pairsSex Chromo. - 1 pair

Females X XMales X Y *Does the mother or the father determine what sex

the baby is?

Karyotype

Pictures of the chromosomes

Girl X X Boy X Y