Warm-Up 12/16/13
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Transcript of Warm-Up 12/16/13
Warm-Up 12/16/13
Teach the Teacher: Tell me about a time you felt out of place.
Review: Which group has full outer orbitals?
Groups of elements and why they bond.
Flash Card On the front
write:
Luster
On the back write:
Shininess
Flash Card On the front
write:
Malleable
On the back write:
Ability to be hammered and re-shaped
Metals: major part of the group
Most elements are metals. 88 elements found to the
LEFT of the Zigzag Line
Physical Properties Of Metals Luster (shininess)
Good conductors of heat and electricity High density (heavy for their size) High melting point Ductile (drawn out into thin wires) Malleable (hammered into thin sheets)
Chemical Properties of Metals Easily lose
electrons (become positive ions CATIONS) Corrode
easilyReact easily with
other elements
ALKALI METALS – GROUP 1, 1A & IA Soft metals – they can
be cut with a knifeMost reactive of all the
metals - React rapidly with oxygen and water
Do not occur in nature in their elemental form
Stored under oil Will form a +1 ion by
giving away their one valence electron
Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 2A & IIA Do not occur in
nature in their elemental form
Will form a +2 ion by giving away their two valence electrons
UsesFireworksCa – Bones &
TeethBa - X-Rays
Transition Elements Group 3-12These elements are
most familiar to the public because they are found in nature in their elemental form
Often form colored compounds Chromium precious gems (emeralds and
rubies)Cadmium yellow Cobalt blue
INNER Transition Metals: Lanthanides and Actinides
LanthanidesElements 58 – 71Elements used in
motion pictures industry
Produce colors you see on the TV
ActinidesElements 90 – 103All actinides are
radioactive and unstable
Thorium and Uranium are found in the earth’s crust
Uranium – nuclear reactors
NONMETALSFound to the RIGHT of the zigzag line
Hydrogen is considered a nonmetalGroup 18 – Noble Gasses are the only
group that consists of all nonmetalsGroup 17 - Halogens
Non-metals cont. Properties
Nonmetals gain electrons to become stable – anions
Most are gasses at room tempNot malleableNot ductilePoor conductors of heat and electricityNo Luster – Dull
Important nonmetals in HumansCarbon Hydrogen Nitrogen & Oxygen
Metalloids & Synthetic ElementsMetalloids conduct electricity better
than nonmetals, but not as well as metals.
Synthetic elements do not occur naturally (they are man-made)
All elements with an atomic number higher than uranium (92) were made by scientists and most are radioactive.
Warm-up 12/17/13
Teach the Teacher: What are some magazines you like to read/check out?
Review: What kind of ion is positive?
Flash Cards
On the Front Write :
Subscript
On the Back Write:
Number below letters (submarine) tell you the number of atoms in a compound
Flash Card
On one side:
Superscript
On the other side:
Numbers written above the letters (superman)
Na2+
Mapping the PT
Outline with a different colored marker for each one:
Alkali metals-group 1Alkali earth metals-group 2Transition metals – group 3-12 Noble Gases- group 18Lanthanides- labeledActinides – labeled
Element Bonding Puzzle Card
1. Besides shape and color, what else do all the white pieces have in common?
2. Besides shape and color, what do all the yellow pieces have in common?
3. Build 2 rectangles using these rules: must use both white and yellow piecesNo more then two different elementsWrite down the name of what you build
4.What is the total charge of each rectangle (combine both charges)
Electron Dot Diagrams of Selected Elements
Electron Dot uses the symbol of the element and dots to illustrate the number of electrons in the outermost energy level
Elements of the same group (column) have the same number of valence electrons
The Story of Bending the Rules
Normal atom=# Protons= #
electronsThen it’s a neutral
atom*Remember that all
atoms want to have orbital shells be full Full shells=
1st orbital: 2 electrons2nd orbital: 8 electrons
Trying to Get Full Example: Sodium (Na) has
11 electrons (Draw lewis dot diagram
here)
Wants to get rid of 1
valence electron to be full Chlorine has 7 valence
electrons (Draw lewis dot diagram
here)
Not Your Normal Atom Na now has 10 electrons
So does Ne, but Ne has 10 protons and Na still has 11 protons
But not normal Na atomNow Na is Na+
An ionNow orbitals are full and atom is
electrically chargedAND ATTRACTIVE to other elements
like Cl
Ionsatom or molecule with missing or
extra electronsIons are charged particles (positive
or negative)charge = #protons - #electrons charge given as a trailing superscript positive ions are cations X+
negative ions are anions X–
Metals= + cations Non metals= - anions
Warm-up 12/18/13Teach the teacher questions: If you
could start a band what kind of band would you start, what would you call it, and what part would have in it (play guitar, sing, ect.).
Review: What are some characteristics of metals?
Warm-up 12/19/13
Teach the Sub: What are some holiday traditions you have during the holidays.
Review: The 2 in H2O is that a subscript or a superscript?
Warm-up 12/20/13
Teach the Teacher: Take a vote, would you rather be an elf or a reindeer? Why?
Review: Describe the Bohr Model.
Warm-up 1/2/14
Teach the Teacher: What was the best part about the break?
Review: Tell me as many things as you can about me (ms. Uhre)
Flash Card
On one side:
Ionic Bond
On the other side:
A bond formed by attraction of a cation (+) and an anion (-)
Chem Idol round 4
Alkaline Earth Metals by Dan Daly
Alkali Metals Parody by Zach and Company
The Bonding Song By Shigotawang
Dice It:
Anything in this room
Dice It
Element symbols that are non-metals
Dice It
The # number/mass of protons and neutrons
Dice It:
Element names that have 2,4,or
6 valence electrons
Dice It:
Elements that are anions
Dice It:
Elements that are cations
Dice It
Elements that have a ionic charge of +1, -1, 0
Dice It:
Elements that take in electrons
Warm-up 1/3/14
Teach the Teacher: What is the best New Year’s resolution you have/have heard of?
Review: An isotope is an atom with a different number of what? (Pull out PT and check this….)
Chemical BondsBONDING ISN’T JUST FOR PEOPLE.
Why do atoms form compounds? TO BECOME STABLE!! What does stable mean to an
atom? Full set of valence electrons Atoms want to have the electron
configuration of a noble gas Atoms will gain, lose or share
electrons in order to obtain a full set of valence electrons
Combining ElementsThe chemical & physical properties of the
elements are different than the properties of the compound they make up
Na + Cl2 → NaCl
Reaction of Sodium with Chlorine & Hydrogen with Oxygen
→
Types of BondsIonic Bonds
Contain a metal & a nonmetal (at least 1 of each)
Electrons are gained or lostEx. Salt, NaCl
Covalent BondsContain 2 or more nonmetals or hydrogenElectrons are sharedEx. Water, H2O
Ionic BondingIn an ionic bond, one atoms gives
electrons to another atom.When atoms combine this way, it is
called a formula unit.Ex. NaCl is a formula unit
The charge of a formula unit is always 0.
The positive and negative charges must always balance each other.
Warm-up 12/13/12
Teach the Teacher: What is the best school lunch?
Review: Finish this sentence: All ________ are cations.
FormulasChemical Formula—tells what elements
a compound contains and the exact number of the atoms of each element.Ex. NaCl has 1 atom of sodium & 1 atom of
chlorineEx. H2O has 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom
of oxygen.A subscript (small # written below) is
written after a symbol to tell how many atoms of that element are in the compound.
Rules for FormulasWrite the cation (metal) first. Write
the anion (nonmetal) second.The net ionic charge is zero.Use subscripts to indicate multiple
ions.Write the formula unit in the lowest
whole number ratio.
A trick for formula unitsWrite both ions with their charges
as superscripts. Cu3+ & O2-
Crisscross the charges to make the subscripts in the formulaDo not put + or – in the formula
Cu3+ & O2-
Cu2O3
Silver Chloride
AgCl
Ag+1 Cl-1
Zinc Phosphide
Zn3P2
Zn+2 P-3
Aluminum Oxide
Al2O3
Al+3 O-2
Types of Bonds IONIC BONDS
between metals & nonmetals Electrons form a give take
relationshipmetals give e- (cation)
nonmetal take e- (anion)
Held together by attraction of opposite charges
IONIC ANIMATION
Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ions=molecule with more then one element that has a charge
The prefix poly- means many in Greek.
Polyatomic Ions
Ion consisting of a molecule with many covalently bonded atoms
Act as a single unit
Polyatomic ions is also referred as a radical ion
Name ends in –ate & -ite-ide usually indicates binary
Multiple Oxidation NumbersSome metals (other metals &
transition metals) can have more than 1 oxidation number.
If an element can have more than 1 oxidation number, the charge of the ion is written as a roman numeral in parentheses.Ex. Copper (I) ion is Cu1+
Copper (II) ion is Cu2+
Mistakes to Avoid Roman numerals are
not written in the formula
Charges are not written in the formula
Don’t drop polyatomic subscripts
Hydroxide, OH, needs parentheses to indicate multiples.
Cu(II)O CuO
K+1Br-1 KBr
CaNO2 Ca(NO3)2
CaOH2 Ca(OH)2
Warm up-12/17/12
Teach the Sub: What is the hardest job you have ever had to do (chores, at school, at an actual job, etc.)?
Review: Impress the sub with a fact about the periodic table.
Rules for NamingBinary Ionic Compounds with Group A
ElementsWrite the cation name 1st
Cation name is the same as the element name
Write the anion name 2nd Change the ending of the
element name to –ide.
Covalent BondsCovalent bonds share electronsComposed of 2 or more nonmetals (and
H)Covalent compounds are called moleculesMolecules can be polar or nonpolarPolar molecule—slightly positive and
negative at parts—but overall neutrale- are unevenly shared
Nonpolar molecule—electrons are shared equally—completely neutral
Naming Covalent Compounds Use prefixes to tell how many of each
element you have.This is done because you can have
different covalent compounds containing the same elements.
Change the ending of the 2nd element to -ideEx. N2O is dinitrogen monoxide.
You can leave off the prefix mono- on the first element.Ex. NO2 is nitrogen dioxide
Not mononitrogen dioxide
Mono—1Di—2Tri—3Tetra—4Penta—5Hexa—6Hepta—7Octa—8Nona—9Deca—10
Formulas for Covalent Compounds
Use the prefixes as the subscript in the formula.
Ex. Phosphorus TrichloridePCl3
Dinitrogen TetrafluorideN2F4
Warm-up 1/3/13
Teach the Teacher: What was the best thing done over the break?
Review: List as many people as you can in the class.