Warm-Up 11/26/12
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Transcript of Warm-Up 11/26/12
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Warm-Up 11/26/12• Teach the Teacher: Best part of Thanksgiving break? What did you miss the most about school (besides me?)
• Review: List as many flash card words as possible.
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Warm-up 11/27/12• Teach the Teacher: What is the best online store to get stuff from?
• Review: What is the atomic mass?
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Warm-up 11/28/12• Teach the Teacher: What is the best thing to do at the civic center?
• Review: Which way do groups go? What about periods?
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Models
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Scientific Models
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Warm-up 11/29/12• Teach the Teacher: Of all of my stuffed germs, which one is the coolest?
• Review: What makes bubbles?
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Grade Sheet • A B C• 24. Puns/Table- ---------------------10• 25.Pillowcase Vocab----------------10• 26. Grade Sheet- -------------------10• 27. 1-5 Element Quiz----------------10• 28. Ions Practice----------------------10• 29. Element 1-15 Quiz---------------10• 30. PT test-----------------------------33• 31. PT basics cards-------------------20• 32. Density Lab-----------------------10• 33. Carbon Brainstorm---------------10
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Warm-up 11/30/12• Teach the Teacher: What is the best
“touristy” place to go in the Black Hills area? (ex: Wall Drug, Mount Rushmore, Bear Country, Putz and Glow, CrazyHorse, the Maze, etc.)
• Review: What is Bernoulli’s Principle all about (think fast and slow)
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Example Data Table from Matter Impossible Lab
Exact Mass of Baking Soda
Exact Volume of and Vinegar
Mass before mixing
Mass after mixing
Change in Mass (|before-after|)
2.5g 3.4 mL
157.6g
157.6g
0
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Conservation of Mass• Law of Conservation of Mass—mass cannot be created or destroyed, it just changes form.
• The mass of reactants is always equal to the mass of products.• Ex. 0.7g O2 + 9.3g Hg 10.0g HgO2
• Reactants=the substances in a reaction (before the reaction)• Matter Impossible lab: vinegar & baking soda
• Products= substances that are produced/formed• Matter Impossible Lab: CO2 , water, and
sodium acetate
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Matter/Mission Possible Question • 1. How does the Law of Conservation of Matter apply to vinegar and baking soda reaction?
• 2. What happened to the matter in wood after it was burned (a chemical reaction)?
•
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Mapping the Periodic TableMetals
• Most elements are metals. • 88 elements found to the
LEFT of the Zigzag Line•
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Physical Properties Of Metals • Luster (shininess)
• Good conductors of heat and electricity • High density (heavy for their size) • High melting point • Ductile (drawn out into thin wires) • Malleable (hammered into thin sheets)
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Chemical Properties of Metals • Easily lose electrons (positive ions CATIONS)• Corrode easily
•React easily with other elements
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Metals• First metal used
was gold – 6000 years ago
• Followed by Cu Ag Sn Fe
• Al was not refined until 1800’s
• Hg mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temp
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ALKALI METALS – GROUP 1, 1A & IA • Soft metals – they can be cut
with a knife• Most reactive of all the metals -
React rapidly with oxygen and water
• Do not occur in nature in their elemental form
• Stored under oil • Will form a +1 ion by giving
away their one valence electron
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Warm-up 12/3/12• Teacher the Teacher: Describe the best school dance you ever went to.
• Review: Give an example of a physical change.
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Warm-up 12/5/12• Teach the Teacher: What is the best kind of appetizers to order at a restaurant.
• Review: Where are protons and neutrons located in the atom?
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ALKALI METALS – GROUP 1, 1A & IA• Lithium Li Sodium Na Potassium K
• Rubidium Rb Cesium Cs Francium Fr
Extremely RareRadioactive
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Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 2A & IIA• Do not occur in
nature in their elemental form
• Will form a +2 ion by giving away their two valence electrons
• Uses•Fireworks•Ca – Bones & Teeth
•Ba - X-Rays
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Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 2A & IIA• Beryllium Be Magnesium Mg Calcium
Ca
• Barium Ba
Strontium Sr Radium Ra
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Transition Elements Group 3-12
• These elements are most familiar to the public because they are found in nature in their elemental form
• Often form colored compounds • Chromium precious gems (emeralds and rubies)• Cadmium yellow • Cobalt blue
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Iron Cobalt and Nickel Group 8 9 & 10
•Iron Triad•Steel•Fe
• most widely used metal• 2nd most abundant in the earth’s crust
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Flash Card • On the front write:
•Luster
• On the back write:
• Shineness
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Flash Card • On the front write:
•Malleable
• On the back write:
• Ability to be hammered and re-shaped
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Coinage Metals • Copper Silver and Gold Group 11
• Coinage metals• Cu - wiring• Ag – photographs
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Group 12 • Zinc Cadmium and Mercury
•Coat or Plate metals •Batteries•Thermometers
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INNER Transition Metals• Lanthanides
• Elements 58 – 71• Elements used in motion pictures industry
• Produce colors you see on the TV
• Actinides• Elements 90 – 103• All actinides are radioactive and unstable
• Thorium and Uranium are found in the earth’s crust
• Uranium – nuclear reactors
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NONMETALS• Found to the RIGHT of the zigzag
line• Hydrogen is considered a nonmetal
• Group 18 – Noble Gasses are the only group that consists of all nonmetals
• Group 17 - Halogens• Properties
• Nonmetals gain electrons to become stable – anions
• Most are gasses at room temp• Not malleable• Not ductile• Poor conductors of heat and
electricity• No Luster – Dull
• Important nonmetals in Humans• Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen & Oxygen
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Metalloids & Synthetic Elements
• Metalloids conduct electricity better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals.
• Synthetic elements do not occur naturally (they are man-made)
• All elements with an atomic number higher than uranium (92) were made by scientists and most are radioactive.
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Representative Elements in: Number of Valence ElectronsGroup IA all elements have 1 valence electronGroup IIA all elements have 2 valence electronsGroup IIIA all elements have 3 valence electronsGroup IVA all elements have 4 valence electronsGroup VA all elements have 5 valence electronsGroup VIA all elements have 6 valence electronsGroup VIIA all elements have 7 valence electronsGroup VIIIA all elements have 8 valence electrons
The Lewis electron-dot diagrams focus on the electrons in the highest energy level in the atom, the valence electrons.
Valence electrons are the electrons that participate in chemical reactions.
Lewis Dot Diagrams
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Lewis Dot Diagrams of Selected Elements
• Lewis Dot uses the symbol of the element and dots to illustrate the number of electrons in the outermost energy level
• Dots are placed in 8 positions around the symbol• 2 spots for each Right Left Top & Bottom
• Elements of the same group (column) have the same number of valence electrons
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Flash Card • On the front write:
• Metalloids
• On the Back write:
• have properties of both metals and non-metals
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Warm-up 12/5/12• Teach the Teacher: What makes you
nervous in life? How do you overcome it?
• Review: How do you find the number of protons?
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And the winners are….• Period I: Jojo B. • Period 3: Haley G.• Period 4: Maddie, Veronica, Paetyn, Austin S. • Period 5: Alexandria C.• Period 7: Misty, Hailin(Catilin) Zhang, and Jose• Period 8: Beau
• Morning Core Winner: Isabelle and Hailey O. • Afternoon Core Winner: Taylor Campbele
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Warm-up 12/6/12• Teach the Teacher: What advice
would you give this year’s 8th graders for being a freshman next year.
• Review: What is the ionic charge of carbon?
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Mapping the PT • Outline with a different colored marker
for each one: Alkali metals-group 1Alkali earth metals-group 2Transition metals – group 3-12 Coinage Group – group 11Noble Gases- group 18Lanthanides- Actinides -
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The Story of Bending the Rules
• Normal atom=•# Protons= # electrons
•Then it’s a neutral atom
• *Remember that all atoms want to have orbital shells be full • Full shells=
• 1st orbital: 2 electrons• 2nd orbital: 8
electrons
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Trying to Get Full • Example: Sodium
(Na) has 11 electrons • (Draw lewis dot diagram here: )
• Wants to get rid of 1 valence electron to be full
• Chlorine has 7 valence electrons• (Draw lewis dot diagram here: )
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Not Your Normal Atom • Na now has 10
electrons • So does Ne• But not normal Na atom
• Now Na is Na+
• An ion• Now orbitals are full
and atom is electrically charged• AND ATTRACTIVE to other elements like Cl
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• atom or molecule with missing or extra electrons• Ions are charged particles (positive or negative)
• charge = #protons - #electrons • charge given as a trailing superscript • positive ions are cations X+
• negative ions are anions X–
Ions
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• Metals= + cations • Non metals= - anions
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Flash Card • On the front write:
• Cations
• On the Back write:
• + ions
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Flash Card • On the front write:
• Anions
• On the Back write:
• Negative ions (x-)
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Mandala- Type: PT Groups/Families • Key terms on back:• Alkali metals• Alkali earth metals• Transition metals• Coinage Group• Noble Gases,• Lanthanides, • Actinides