Warm-Up # 10 9/27/12Warm-Up # 10 9/27/121) What are the four macromolecules essential for all 1) What are the four macromolecules essential for all

life?life?

2) What is one food example of a carbohydrate?2) What is one food example of a carbohydrate?

3) What is one food example of a lipid?3) What is one food example of a lipid?

4) What is one food example of a protein?4) What is one food example of a protein?

5) What is one example of a nucleic Acid?5) What is one example of a nucleic Acid?

6) When is your next quiz and what is it on?6) When is your next quiz and what is it on?

Warm-Up # 9 9/26/12Warm-Up # 9 9/26/121) Water sticking to water is called____.1) Water sticking to water is called____.

2) Some insects can stand on water because water has a high _________.

3) label the water molecule with 3) label the water molecule with

O, H, +, and – O, H, +, and –

4) 4) Match the pH scale with the following word: Neutral, Strong Acid, Strong Base, Weak Acid, Weak Base

QUIZ TODAY

MacromoleculesMacromolecules

Unit 2 BiochemistryUnit 2 Biochemistry

What Will We Learn Today?What Will We Learn Today?

EQ: What molecules EQ: What molecules make up all living make up all living things?things?

Objective: Objective: differentiate between differentiate between the four types of the four types of molecules.molecules.

Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry

CarbonCarbon– most versatile elementmost versatile element– bonds with many different elements (H, O, S, bonds with many different elements (H, O, S,

N, P, C)N, P, C)– forms large and complex structures.forms large and complex structures.

MacromoleculesMacromolecules

Means giant moleculesMeans giant moleculesSmall units called Small units called monomersmonomers join to form join to form large units called large units called polymerspolymers which are the which are the same as macromoleculessame as macromoleculesThere are 4 groupsThere are 4 groups– CarbohydratesCarbohydrates– LipidsLipids– Nucleic acidsNucleic acids– ProteinsProteins

MacromoleculesMacromoleculesNameName ExamplesExamples FunctionFunction Main Main

elementselementsStructureStructure

Carbohy-Carbohy-

dratesdrates

LipidsLipids

Nucleic Nucleic AcidsAcids

ProteinsProteins

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesExamplesExamples FunctionFunction Main Main

ElementsElementsStructureStructure

SugarsSugars

GlucGlucoseose(MONOSACCHARIDE)(MONOSACCHARIDE)

CellulCelluloseose

FructFructoseose

LactLactoseose

StarchStarch-stored -stored form of sugarform of sugar(POLYSACCHARIDE)(POLYSACCHARIDE)

EnergyEnergy

Structure—Structure—cell wallscell walls

CC

HH

OO

MonomerMonomer==single sugarsingle sugar

PolymerPolymer==

starchstarch

glucose glucose

Glycogen or starch

ExamplesExamples FunctionFunction Main Main ElementsElements

StructureStructure

FatsFats

OilsOils

WaxesWaxes

*not water *not water solublesoluble

Stored Stored energyenergy

Structure—Structure—cell cell membranemembrane

Protective Protective coveringscoverings

CC

HH

OO

Saturated/Saturated/

Unsaturated Unsaturated FatsFats

Glycerol +Glycerol +

2 or 3 Fatty 2 or 3 Fatty acid chainsacid chains

LipidsLipids

Lipid: Glycerol + 2 or 3 Fatty Acids

 

                           

         •Di-glycerides are mostly plant oils & waxes •Tri-glycerides are mostly animal fats Fatty Acids = Carbon Chains

ExamplesExamples FunctionFunction Main Main ElementsElements

StructureStructure

DNADNA

RNARNA

Carries Carries hereditary hereditary informationinformation

CC

HH

OO

PP

NN

Monomer = Monomer = nucleotidesnucleotides

Polymer =Polymer =

DNA or RNADNA or RNA

Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

nucleotide

ExamplesExamples FunctionFunction Main Main ElementsElements

StructureStructure

EnzymesEnzymesLactLactasease

CatalCatalasease

AntibodiesAntibodies

InsulinInsulin

HemoglobinHemoglobin

Control Control reaction ratereaction rate

Form Form structuresstructures

Transport Transport substancessubstances

Fight Fight diseasesdiseases

CC

HH

OO

NN

SS

Monomer = Monomer = Amino AcidsAmino Acids

Polymer =Polymer =

ProteinsProteins

ProteinsProteins

Macromolecule Activity•With your clock buddy, you will:

–Cut all word and pictures from the handouts–Glue words and pictures on to construction paper–Organize them into Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids–You will do two macromolecules and your partner will do the other two–Label everything you can–Use your notes from today

Warm-Up #12 10/1/12Warm-Up #12 10/1/12

1)1) When is your next quiz? Test?When is your next quiz? Test?

2) What is the monomer of a protein?2) What is the monomer of a protein?

3) What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?3) What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

4) What sugar is found in plant cell walls?4) What sugar is found in plant cell walls?

EQ: What affect does enzymes have on a reaction?

Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions

Changes one set of chemicals into another Changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicalsset of chemicals

Require energyRequire energy

Reactants INReactants IN

Products OUTProducts OUT

Chemical bonds are ALWAYS broken and Chemical bonds are ALWAYS broken and new bonds are formednew bonds are formed

2H2H22 + O + O22 2H 2H22OO

Energy in ReactionsEnergy in Reactions

Some reactions Some reactions absorb energyabsorb energy

Energy-Absorbing Reaction Energy-Releasing Reaction

Products

Products

Activation energy

Activation energy

Reactants

Reactants

Energy-Absorbing Reaction Energy-Releasing Reaction

Products

Products

Activation energy

Activation energy

Reactants

Reactants

Some reactions Some reactions release energyrelease energy

Energy in ReactionsEnergy in Reactions

Energy can be released as heat, light, or Energy can be released as heat, light, or sound.sound.

Living organisms need energy source to Living organisms need energy source to carry out chemical reactions.carry out chemical reactions.

Some reactions need activation energy to Some reactions need activation energy to get started. (activation energy)get started. (activation energy)

EnzymesEnzymes

A catalyst speeds up the rate of a A catalyst speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.chemical reaction.

An enzyme is a catalyst for a biological An enzyme is a catalyst for a biological chemical reaction—inside cells!chemical reaction—inside cells!

Enzymes are very specific—one enzyme Enzymes are very specific—one enzyme for one chemical reaction.for one chemical reaction.

EnzymesEnzymes

Substrates (reactants) attach to the active Substrates (reactants) attach to the active site of a specific enzyme. (enzyme-site of a specific enzyme. (enzyme-substrate complexsubstrate complexWhen the enzyme-substrate complex is When the enzyme-substrate complex is formed, the enzyme converts the substrate formed, the enzyme converts the substrate into products.into products.The products are released.The products are released.The enzyme can carry out another The enzyme can carry out another reaction.reaction.

GlucoseSubstrates

ATP

Substratesbind toenzyme

Substratesare convertedinto products

Enzyme-substratecomplex

Enzyme(hexokinase)

ADPProductsGlucose-6-phosphate

Productsare released

Active site

EnzymesEnzymes

Work best at certain pH and temperature Work best at certain pH and temperature levels.levels.

Enzymes in humans work best at 37Enzymes in humans work best at 37°°C, C, normal body temperature.normal body temperature.