Ward Atkinson – Former Chair, SAE ICCC Mary Koban – DuPont...
Transcript of Ward Atkinson – Former Chair, SAE ICCC Mary Koban – DuPont...
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A/C Refrigerant Information Panel
Ward Atkinson – Former Chair, SAE ICCC Committee
Peter Coll – Neutronics Refrigerant Analysis
Mary Koban – DuPont Flouroproducts
Jeff Murphy – RTI Division, MAHLE Clevite, Inc.
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Ward Atkinson – Sun Test Engineering
Former Chair, SAE Interior Climate Control Committee
• Technical Advisor to MACS Worldwide
• Numerous Awards for Work with SAE ICCC – EPA “Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award”
(1990/1997)
– SAE “Outstanding Contribution Award” (2009)
– Arch T. Colwell Cooperative Engineering Medal (1998)
• GM/Chevrolet Engineering (Retired 1981)
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Peter Coll – Neutronics
VP – Neutronics Refrigerant Analysis
• Board of Directors – MACS Worldwide
• SAE Interior Climate Control Committee
• Consultant to US Government Agencies, Foreign Government Agencies, and UNEP
• Working with Neutronics Since 1998
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Mary Koban – DuPont Flouroproducts
Opteon YF Mobile AC Technical Manager • Board of Directors – MACS Worldwide
• SAE Interior Climate Control Committee
• Working with DuPont Automotive Refrigerants Since 2006
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“How Did We Get Here?”
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1950’s | | | | | | 1996 | | | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013
EU Directive 2006/40/EC
1950’s - R12-based Front-Mounted A/C Systems Introduced
1990’s R134a-based A/C Systems Introduced
J2788 Adopted
Global Financial
Crisis!
VDA Confirms Use Of R1234yf
1st R1234yf Vehicle
Introductions
Daimler Announcement
1st SAE ICCC CRP Formed for R1234yf
US Clean Air Act
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R1234yf
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Reversal by Daimler
Industry Impact?
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R134a
R1234yf
Other Refrigerants?
C02
AC6
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R134a ≠ R1234yf
Cross Contamination
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Counterfeit Refrigerants How Big Is The Problem?
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R-134a is the biggest HFC, but HFCs are a small part of the global warming problem
Fossil Fuel HFC’s CFCs
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U.S. NCCTI Report October 12, 2001 Mobile A/C HFC-134a Emissions
0
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92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 Year
Met
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Tonn
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EPA Service R134a Fleet
31 Million Pounds
Graph 1
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New Global Refrigerants Studied
• R744 Carbon Dioxide • HFC-152a [secondary loop] • GAR Blends
• DuPont DP –1 • Honeywell Fluid H • Ineos Fluor AC-1 • Solvay
• HFO-1234yf – DuPont-Honeywell
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Alternative Refrigerant Development Program(s)
• Introduction of a replacement refrigerant – Very complex – Requires considerable time
• None are “Drop In” replacements • Requires US EPA “SNAP” Listing
– May require safety mitigation features
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What’s Needed To Consider New Refrigerants
• Toxicity • Material Compatibility • Component Refrigerant
Permeation/leakage Evaluation • Performance • Energy Requirements • Meet Regulatory Requirements
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New MAC System Refrigerant
Mexichem Low GWP Blend
AC6
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CRP-MRB Service Study
Testing Overview of Lower GWP Blend Refrigerants
Blend “AC6” Composition 6% CO2, 9% R134a, 85% R1234ze
Potential for composition shift of ternary blend composition whenever a vapor-liquid interface is created
Composition will vary as liquid level and temperature change
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MAC Service Issues using Blend Refrigerants
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CRP-MRB Service Study 20
The AC6 blend recovery/refill process, including the use of a “Refrigerant Identifier” to establish the correct CO2 composition for a production application, is currently under development
On-site Blend Recovery/refill
Refrigerant Charged Into
System at MAC Service
fittings
Service Equipment
Recovered /recycled
Refrigerant
Internal Container
CO2
Supply
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Where Does This Industry Need to Go?
• Expand Service to Include Total Vehicle Environment Management That Interface With HVAC systems – Include Hybrid and electric vehicles
• Control Systems (Electronic)
– Comfort of occupants and inclement weather visibility – Battery/electronic devices
• Recovery of waste heat (Engine Cooling Systems management)
• Heat pumps • Secondary loop systems
• New Technologies Requires Extensive Training
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