War of 1812. The British Threat Between 1804 and 1807, British ships forced countries doing trade...
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Transcript of War of 1812. The British Threat Between 1804 and 1807, British ships forced countries doing trade...
War of 1812
The British Threat• Between 1804 and 1807,
British ships forced countries doing trade with France to ship cargoes through England and pay taxes.
• The British navy attacked and took over American ships, forcing sailors to join the British forces.
• In 1807, President Jefferson decided to embargo trade to Europe until they respected U.S. rights at sea.
The Leopard lets loose a broadside against the helpless Chesapeake, as re-imagined in this 1897 drawing.
The British Threat• The embargo infuriated
New Englanders, who considered secession.
• By 1808, a new division had developed in the U.S. government between Easterners and Westerners (war hawks).
• Easterners were older and more conservative, while the “war hawks” were younger and interested in returning the U.S. to its former glory. Henry Clay
John C. Calhoun
The British Threat• The “war hawks” pushed
for war with England and the natives in the west.
• They feared a new movement among Indians lead by two Shawnee brothers, Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa.
• The brothers sought to unite natives and return to their traditional lifestyle in an Indian state where they could preserve their culture.
War of 1812
• In June 1812, Congress declares war on England.
• The U.S. attacks Canada in Niagara, Detroit and Lake Champlain, all fail.
• Tecumseh joins the British.• By 1813, the U.S. rebounds
and achieves victories over the British and natives.
• The British pull back and leave Tecumseh’s troops unsupported. Many die, including Tecumseh.
War of 1812• The British attack and
burn down Washington, D.C. in 1814, but Americans push them back.
• In the South, Andrew Jackson leads troops on attacks on natives and British.– By many accounts, he
thoroughly enjoyed Killing Indians, boasting about it often.
• Some Cherokee and Choctaw fight for the U.S. side.
War of 1812• In 1815, Jackson
leads troops at the Battle of New Orleans, killing over 2000 British troops and losing only 70.
• The victory, though, came two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war in a stalemate.
• The war and its outcome helps develop nationalism.
