War in Europe
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Transcript of War in Europe
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War in Europe
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NonAggression pactHitler and Stalin
Agree to divide poland USSR could take over finland,
lithuania, Latvia, Estonia
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Hitler starts the WarSept 1 1939
Germany Invades polandSept 3, 1939
Britain and France declare war on Germany
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Germany’s Lightning AttackNew military strategy
Blitzkrieg - “lightning war” fast moving planes and tanks Massive infantry forces
Poland falls quickly Germany annexes western half
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Soviets move inSept 17
Stalin enters Eastern half of Poland Annexes Estonia, Lithuania, latvia Finland resists
Winter battles March 1940 sheer force of numbers
Finland surrenders
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Phony war French and British mobilize along
Maginot line
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Maginot Line
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Phony War cont.April 9, 1940
“sitting war” ends Hitler attacks Denmark and
Norway Denmark falls in 4 hours Norway surrenders in 2 months
Build bases to attack Britain
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Fall of France May 10, 1940
Germans AdvanceNetherlands (Holland)BelgiumLuxembourg
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Germany attacks France through Ardennes forestBorder w/BelgiumAvoided Maginot linePushed allied troops to port
city of DunkirkGermans stopped - Why?
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Rescue at DunkirkGreat Britain sends fleet of
ships to evacuate allied forcesEvery ship availableAir supportMay 26 – june 4
Saved 338,000 soldiers
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France Falls June 14 – Germans take Paris June 22, 1940 – French leaders surrender
– sign Armistice Germans take control of Northern
France Vichy government – puppet Charles de Gaulle
Sets up Free French army & gov’t in London
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US Involvement Franklin d. Roosevelt denounces
aggressors Us followed policy of isolationism Passed neutrality Acts
Prevented us from taking sides Fear of getting drawn into war Economic reasons of wwi
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Battle of Britain Winston Churchill
“We shall never surrender” Hitler’s plan
1.Knock out Royal air force (RAF)2.Land 250,000 soldiers
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B. Of Br. Cont.Summer 1940
Luftwaffe – begins bombing British airfields and aircraft factories
Sept 7 – begin bombing London Break morale
British never waver
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RAf fights back Radar Enigma – code breaking machine Germans turned to night bombings
Sept 1940 – Hitler targets cities Allows RAF to rebuild and fight back
End of sept – hitler postpones invasion Nazis could be blocked
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MediterraneanFocus on Northern Africa
Mussolini vs. British in Egypt Feb 1941, Br. Swept across N.
Africa Taken 130,000 Italian prisoners
Afrika Korps Erwin Rommel “Desert fox” Defeats British in Egypt
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Hitler breaks nonaggression pact
Hitler plans to invade soviet unionPlans for attack in spring 1941
Delayed because of problems in the balkans
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BalkansBulgaria, Romania, Hungary join
Axis powers (’41)Yugoslavia, Greece resistApril 1941 – Hitler invades both
Both fall within 3 weeks
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Why Attack USSR?Hitler was convinced that British
were expecting soviet support Only reason GB was still in war
Hitler believed Soviet Union had a pitiful army Could be defeated quickly
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Soviet unionOperation BarbarossaJune 22, 1941 Hitler invades
USSRSoviets not preparedScorched earth2 months – 2 million Soviet
soldiers captured
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LeningradBy Nov. City cut off from rest
of soviet unionHitler tries to starve entire cityCity refuses to fall
1,000,000 died
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MoscowHitler impatient
Turns to moscowCounterattacked by SovietsHitler orders “No retreat”
Lines dug in 125 miles west of moscow 1 ½ years
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The weather changesEarly winter and soviet resistance
cause problems Halted German advance in
NovemberGerman’s unprepared to fight in
winterDecember 1941 – Soviets
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Here Comes America1939 – President fdr asks congress
to allow sale of weapons to Allies Cash and carry
Must pay in cash Transport on own ships
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March 1941 – Lend-Lease Act Lend or lease goods vital to US US Navy escorted ships Hitler ordered subs to sink ships
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Atlantic Charter Upheld free trade among nations right of people to choose own gov’t Sept 4 1941 – German u-boat fired on US
ship Fdr authorized navy to fire on germans Unoffical entrance into wwII
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Back to AfricaBritish and MontgomeryAmericans and EisenhowerOperation Torch
Catch rommel’s Afrikan korps in between
Defeated may 1943
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Battle of Stalingrad Aug 23, 1942 Luftwaffe night bombings
Stalin refused to surrender Germans controlled 90% of city
Winter sets in Soviets outside city counterattack Feb 2, 1943
Germans surrendered
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Italy 1943 - Allied forces invade Sicily July 25 King Victor Emmanuel III orders
Mussolini arrested Sept 3 Italy signs armistice w/allies September – Germans invade
puppet government w/Mussolini
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Victory in EuropeOperation overlord
Invasion of FranceEisenhower commanderSet-up dummy army to look
like invasion at CalaisHitler convinced
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D-Day June 6, 1944Allied forces Landed at Normandy
Led by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
Supreme allied commander
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Stormed fortified beaches 2700 Americans dies one day
Held beaches 1,000,000 additional troops landed
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July 1944 - allies reach Paris Led by Gen. George Patton
August – Paris liberated
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Battle of the Bulge Final German offensive Wanted to gain port at Antwerp Surprise attack at center of Allied lines –
Dec 16, 1944 January 1945 – heavy casualties on both
sides Allied lines held strong
Engulfed by allied army Forced to surrender
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The End of the war in Europe March 1945 – allies cross Rhine River into
Germany April 1945 – Allied army met with Soviets April 27, 1945
Mussolini captured while trying to escape
April 28 - Shot and hung body in town square
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Surrender January 1945 – Hitler moves into bunker
under Berlin April 30 – Hitler commits suicide May 7, 1945
Eisenhower accepts unconditional surrender
V-E DayMay 7, 1945