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![Page 1: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
War and the Modern Presidency
Miller Center of Public AffairsUniversity of Virginia
Charlottesville, VADecember 7, 2006
Prof. Marc SelverstoneMiller Center of Public Affairs
University of Virginia
“The Virginia Experiment:”Growing Seeds of Democracy in Four Hundred Years of American History
![Page 2: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
October 8, 1940
![Page 3: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Source: http://tv.yahoo.com
Geena Davis
![Page 4: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
George Washington
Source: http://memory.loc.gov
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President Harry S. Truman
Source: http://www.trumanlibrary.org
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Presidential Roles
• Chief Economist
• Chief Diplomat
• Legislative Leader
• Party Leader
• Chief Executive
• Chief of State
• Commander in Chief
![Page 7: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
LBJ Diary
August 4, 1964
Lyndon Johnson Daily Diary
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AmericanPresident.org
![Page 9: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
I. Historical Background
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The Constitution of the United States of America
• “The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States . . .”
Article II, Section 2
Article I, Section 8
• “The Congress shall have the Power To . . .
• provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States . . .
• To Declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules
concerning Captures on Land and Water;
• “To raise and support Armies . . .”
• “To provide and maintain a Navy . . .
•“To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;
• “To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, surpress
Insurrections and repel Invasions . . .”
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The Constitutional Convention
Source: www.pbs.org
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Landing at Vera Cruz
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Congressional Declarations of War
• England, 1812
• Mexico, 1846
• Spain, 1898
• Germany, 1917
• Japan, 1941
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II. The Modern Wartime Presidency
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President Woodrow Wilson
President Woodrow Wilson
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SOL 9 – The U.S.Enters World Affairs
www.vcdh.virginia.edu/solguide
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III. President Franklin D. Roosevelt
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FDR Wartime Regulatory Agencies
• Office of Emergency Management
• Board of Economic Warfare
• National War Labor Board
• Office of Defense Transportation
• War Production Board
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January 1, 1939
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Presidential Roles
• Chief Economist
• Chief Diplomat
• Legislative Leader
• Party Leader
• Chief Executive
• Chief of State
• Commander in Chief
![Page 21: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Relevant Themes
• Role of the President as Commander in Chief
• Relationship Between Foreign and Domestic Policy
• Domestic Political Context of Foreign Policymaking
• Relationship Between Intelligence and Policymaking
• Challenge of Managing the Press
• Sheer Complexity of the Presidential Office
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WhiteHouseTapes.orgwww.whitehousetapes.org
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President Franklin D. Roosevelt
October 25, 1940
![Page 24: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
September 27, 1940
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Source: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photos/9981a.jpg
Executive Order 9981, July 26, 1948
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The Cold War
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Korea, 1950-1953
![Page 28: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
IV. President Harry S. Truman
![Page 29: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Postwar Presidential Deployments
• Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon in Vietnam
• Ford in Cambodia
• Reagan in Lebanon, Libya, and Grenada
• Bush 41 in Panama and Somalia
• Clinton in Somalia, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Sudan, Bosnia, and Kosovo
![Page 30: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
V. President Dwight D. Eisenhower
![Page 31: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
VI. President John F. Kennedy
![Page 32: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
October 27, 1962
The Executive Committee of the National Security Council
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The White House, October 2, 1963
Sec. Def. Robert McNamara, CJCS Maxwell Taylor, and President John F. Kennedy
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The White House, October 29, 1963
Atty. Gen. Robert F. Kennedy and President John F. Kennedy
Source: www.jfklibrary.org
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The White House, November 4, 1963
President John F. Kennedy, Caroline Kennedy, and John F. Kennedy Jr.
Source: www.jfklibrary.org
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Source: www.lbjlib.utexas.edu
VII. President Lyndon B. Johnson
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Source: www.lbjlib.utexas.edu
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 31, 1964
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http://www.crmvet.org/
Andrew Goodman, James Chaney, Michael Schwerner
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August 3-6, 1964Source: www.history.navy.mil
U.S.S. Maddox
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President Lyndon B. Johnson and Robert S. McNamara
The White House, July 2, 1965
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The White House, July 7, 1965Source: www.lbjlib.utexas.edu
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and President Lyndon B. Johnson
![Page 42: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Source: www.lbjlib.utexas.edu
VIII. President Richard M. Nixon
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December 21, 1970Source: www.history.navy.mil
President Richard Nixon and H.R. (Bob) Haldeman
![Page 44: War and the Modern Presidency Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA December 7, 2006 Prof. Marc Selverstone Miller.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c9b5503460f949588d7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
August 3, 1972Source: www.lbjlib.utexas.edu
President Richard M. Nixon and Henry A. Kissinger