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Transcript of Wan Azlena Wan Mohamad 07 24
UNIVERSITITEKNOLOGI MARA
CLASS ATTENDANCE SIGNING SYSTEM USING STUDENTS' SMART CARD (BARCODE)
WAN AZLENA WAN MOHAMAD
BSe (HONS) COMPUTER SCIENCE FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND QUANTITATIVE
SCIENCE
31"'MAY 2007
CLASS ATTENDANCE SIGNING SYSTEM USING STUDENTS' SMART CARD (BARCODE)
By
WAN AZLENA WAN MOHAMAD
(2005614753)
A project paper submitted to
FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
AND QUANTITATIVE SCIENCES MARA
UNIVERSITITEKNOLOGI MARA
In partial fulfilment of requirement for the
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Hons) IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Major Area: Computer Science
Approved by the Examining Committee:
Azizi Ngah Tasir (PM) Project Supervisor
Naimah (PM Dr.) Coordinator
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR
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DECLARATION
Here is to declare that I am responsible for the work submitted in this
project with all the word, facts and relevant printed material are fully under
my own except several finding as specified in the references that each of
their sources has been stated.
4* APRIL 2007 WAN AZLENA WAN MOHAMAD
(2005614753)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of Allah s.w.t the Most Merciful and Most Gracious.
Praise to Allah the Mighty for showering me a good experience throughout this
final project proposal and for all that has bestowed on me. It is with His ascendancy the
project paper completed.
My heartiest gratitude and gratefulness to Professor Madya Azizi Ngah Tasir,
my project supervisor for his valuable information, advice, comments and
encouragements from the beginning until the completion of this final project proposal.
His guidance and v dse supervision has benefited me greatly. I also would like to
address my deepest appreciation and sincere thanks to Dr. Naimah Mohd Hussin for her
guidance, ideas and tolerance towards this final project proposal.
Last but not least, a special dedication to all my Mends for their support, help
and ideas. This final project proposal have gives us opportunity^ to learn and gain
experience.
II)
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ABSTRACT
As the world has moving towards the technology era, all of the universities and
industries have started to upgrade their performance using computer and technology.
University Technology Mara (UiTM) is one of the universities that are moving towards
technology era by implementing^ the electronic system management to replace the
traditional method of UiTM system management.
Nowadays, as system management is being delivered through computer, software
and application, the usage of barcode are common in system management in
universities or industries, hi UiTM, the usage of barcode is ah-eady implementing in
cafe and library system management.
Networking has grown tremendously over the past several years all over the
world. Networking support structured connection between computers which are found
more effective and efficient in managing a system. In UiTM, Fakulti Teknologi
Maklumat dan Sains Kuantitatif (FTMSK) has a network: called Local Area Network:
(LAN) which provides connection between computers v dthin FTMSK. This project
implement client-server network which connects two computers through a cable, one
computer works as client and the other works as server.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
DECLARATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF FIGURES ix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1
2
2
S
3
4
4
4
5
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Advantages of using smart card to fill in class attendance 7
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
Introduction
Project aim
Project background
Problem description
Project objective
Project scope
Project significance
1.7.1 Significance to lecturer
1.7.2 Significance to students
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2.3 The feature of smart card to fill in class attendance 8
2.4 The application of the bar code on smart card to fill m class attendance 9
2.5 The usage of the bar code reader to implement class attendance signing
system l&
2.6 The related issues between barcode and class attendance signing system 12
2.7 The usage of PHF language in developing^ the class attendance signing^
system 13
2.8 Implementing client-server network in class-attendance signing system 15
2.9 Conclusion 17
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 18
3.2 Research approach and methodology 18
3.2.1 Data collection 20
3.2.2 Data analysis 2a
3.2.3 Project design 21
3.2.4 Project implementation 21
3.2.5 Testing and evaluation 22
3.2.6 Projectmodel 23
3.3 Summary 24
CHAPTER 4 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Introduction 25
4.2 Requirements checklist 26
4.3 Data flow diagram 27
4.3 .1 Context diagram dfd 27
4.3.1.1 Context diagram's explanation 28
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4.3.2 Diagram Odfd 29
4.3.2.1 dfd's^levelO explanation 30
4.4 Data design 30
4.4. t Normalization 3t
4.4.1.1 INF 31
4.4.1.2 2NF 31
4.4.1.3 3NF 32
4.4.2 Database relationship 33
4.4.3 Entity relationship diagram 33
4.4.3.1 Relationship diagram explanation 3 5
4.5 Flow chart 35
4.5.1 Flow chart explanation 36
4.6 Object modelling 37
4.6.1 Use case diagram 37
4.6.2 Sequence diagram 39
4.6.2.} Frit in class attendance 39
4.6.2.2 View attendance percentage 40
4.6.2.3 Edit class attendance 40
4.6.2.4 View complete report 41
4.6.2.5 Maintain system information 42
4.6.2.6 Enhance system 42
4.6.2.7 EditDatabase 43
4.7 Application architecture 44
4.8 Summary 46
CHAPTER 5 TESTING AND RESULT ANALYSIS
5.1 Introduction 47
5.2 The client-server network 47
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5.3 The barcode reader implementation 49
5.4 Functionalities of class attendance signing^ system for students 51
5.5 Functionalities of class attendance signing system for lecturer 57
5.6 Functionalities of class attendance signing^ system for administrator 74
5.7 Testing result 117
5.7.1 Students feedback and acceptance towards the system 118
5.7.1.1 Effectiveness 118
5.7. f.2 Ease of use 121
5.7.1.3 Efficiency 123
5.7.2 Lecturers feedback and acceptance towards the system 124
5.7.2.1 Effectiveness 125
5.7.2.2 Ease of use 126
5.7.2.3 Efficiency 129
5.7.3 Comparison between students' attendance report m manual
class attendance signing system and computerized class
attendance signing: system 13 }
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Benefits of the system 138
6.2 Weaknesses of the system 139
6.3 Future work 140
LIST OF REFERENCES 141
APPENDICES 145
Students' questionnaires
Lecturers' questionnaires
User manual of class attendance signing system
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
2.1 Client-server network diagram 16
3.1 Research approach and Methodology 19
3.2 Project Model 23
4.1 Context Diagram DFD for Class Attendance Signing System 27
4.2 Diagram 0 DFD for Class Attendance Signing System 29
4.3 Class attendance sigmng system database relationship 33
4.4 Class attendance signing system database relationship Entity Relationship
Diagram (ERD) 34
4.5 Class attendance signing system Flow Chart 36
4.6 Use case diagram of Class Attendance Signing System 38
4.7 Sequence diagram of fill in class attendance Research Model 39
4.8: Sequence diagram ofview attendance percentage 40
4.9 Sequence diagram of edit class attendance 40
4.10 Sequence diagram of view complete report 41
4.11 Sequence diagram of maintain system information 42
4.12 Sequence diagram of enhance system 42
4.13 Sequence diagram of maintain system information 43
4.14 Class Attendance Signing System Architecture 45
5.1 The network of client server implemented by class attendance signing
System 48
5.2 Address to access the class attendance signing system through client-server
network 49
5.3 The barcode reader used in class attendance signing system 50
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5.4: The barcode on the students' smart card that will be read by the barcode
reader 50
5.5 The login page of class attendance signing system for students 51
5.6 The main page of class attendance signing system for students 52
5.7 The page for students to fill in class attendance 53
5.8 The page for students to view the student's class attendance current
percentage 54
5.9 The page when students enter incorrect student I.D 55
5.10 The page that shows the student's attendance percentage 56
5.11 The page that views the class date 57
5.12 The login page of class attendance signing system for lecturer 58
5.13 The main page of class attendance signing system for lecturer 59
5.14 The page to edit class attendance 60
5.15 The page when class attendance status is not completed 61
5.16 The page to view the attendance record of the selected date 62
5.17 The page to edit the student's attendance status 63
5.18 The page that views the class date 64
5.19 The report page to views the class attendance report by date 65
5.20 The page when class attendance status is not completed 66
5.21 The page that view the students' class attendance report of the selected
date 67
5.22 The page to print the class attendance report of the selected date 68
5.23 The page to view class attendance report by student 69
5.24 The page that view the class attendance report by student 70
5.25 The page to print the class attendance report by student 71
5.26 The page to view the students' class attendance current percentage 72
5.27 The page that views the students' class attendance final percentage 73
5.28 The page that allow lecturer to change the lecturer's usemame or
password 74
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5.29 The login page of class attendance signing system for administrator 75
5.30 The main page of class attendance signing system for administrator 76
5.31 The page to views the students' attendance data by date 77
5.32 The page that shows the list of students' attendance of the selected date 78
5.33 The page that allows the administrator to insert students' attendance data 79
5.34 The page that shows the list of class attendance data 80
5.35 The page that allows the administrator to insert class attendance data 81
5.36 The page that shows the list of students' attendance percentage data 82
5.37 The page that allows the administrator to insert attendance percentage data 83
5.38 The page that allows the administrator to insert login data 84
5.39 The page that allows the administrator to insert students' login data 85
5.40 The page that allows the administrator to insert lecturer's login data 86
5.41 The page that allows the administrator to insert administrator's login data 87
5.42 The page that allows the administrator to edit students' attendance data 88
5.43 The page when class attendance status is not completed 89
5.44 The page to view the attendance record of the selected date 90
5.45 The page to edit the student's attendance data 91
5.46 The page that allows the administrator to edit class attendance data 92
5.47 The page to edit the student's attendance data 93
5.48 The page to edit the attendance percentage data 94
5.49 The page that allows the administrator to edit attendance percentage data 95
5.50 The page that allows the administrator to edit login data 96
5.51 The page that views the list of students' login data which can be edited 97
5.52 The page that allows the administrator to edit students' login data 98
5.53 The page that views the list of lecturers' login data which can be edited 99
5.54 The page that allows the administrator to edit lecturers' login data 100
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5.55 The page that views the list of administrators' login data which can be
edited 101
5.56 The page that allows the administrator to edit lecturers' login data 102
5.57 The page that allows the administrator to delete students' attendance data 103
5.58 The page when class attendance status is not completed 104
5.59 The page to delete students' class attendance data on selected date 105
5.60 The page that allows the administrator to delete class attendance data 106
5.61 The page to delete the class attendance data on the selected date 107
5.62 The page that allows the administrator to delete attendance percentage data 108
5.63 The page to delete the final attendance percentage on selected student 109
5.64 The page that allows the administrator to delete login data 110
5.65 The page that views the list of students' login data which can be deleted 111
5.66 The page to delete the login data on selected student's login 112
5.67 The page that views the list of lecturers' login data which can be deleted 113
5.68 The page to delete the login data on selected lecturer's login 114
5.69 The page that views the list of administrators' login data which can be
deleted 115
5.70 The page to delete the login data on selected administrators' login 116
5.71 The page that allow administrator to change the administrator's usemame or
password 117
5.72 Effectiveness - Number of students manage to fill in the class attendance in
class attendance signing system using barcode reader 119
5.73 Effectiveness - Helps to keep track students' attendance by viewing students'
attendance current percentage 120
5.74 Effectiveness - Not easy to forge Mend's signature compared to manual class
attendance system 121
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5.75 Ease of Use - Barcode reader helps the students to fill in the class attendance
into the class attendance signing system 122
5.76 Ease of Use - Helps students to view the class date 123
5.77 Efficiency - More efficient to have computerized class attendance signing
system rather than manual signing system 124
5.78 Effectiveness - Managed to view a standardized students' attendance
report 125
5.79 Effectiveness - Helps detect students whose current attendance percentage
is low 126
5.80 Ease of Use - Easier to edit students' attendance record 127
5.81 Ease of Use - Helps lecturers to view the class date 128
5.82 Ease ofUse-Easier the lecturers to retrieve the class attendance signing 129
5.83 Efficiency - helps the lecturers to keep students' attendance data efficiently
compared to manual attendance system system through client-server
network. 130
5.84 Efficiency - More efficient to have computerized class attendance signing
system rather than manual class attendance signing system 131
5.85 Students' attendance report in manual class attendance signing system 132
5.86 Printed students' attendance report by date in computerized class attendance
signing system 134
5.87 Printed students' attendance report by student in computerized class
attendance signing system 135
5.88 Printed students' final class attendance percentage in computerized class
attendance signing system 137
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This project is about the class attendance signing system using students'
smart card. The existing manual class attendance signing system is inefficient and not
systematic. The existing manual class attendance signing system needs students to take
time to sign the attendance sheet during class. It also affecting the efficiency of lecturers
where lecturers have to calculate the students' attendance percentage throughout the
semester and come out with their own, not standardize students' attendance report. The
purpose of this project is to gather students' class attendance by using students' smart
card. The other purpose is to give options for lecturers to calculate the students'
attendance percentage and to view the attendance report.
The development of this project uses System Development Life Cycle
Approach (SDLC) approach. The reason of using SDLC approach is because an
alternative model of the SDLC focuses on the interaction of planning, analysis, and
design tasks, which leads to implementation, followed by operation and support. The
class attendance signing system includes the implementation of the barcode. The project
development involves wide research on the usage of the barcode reader to implement
the barcode on the students' smart card for students' identification. At the end, this
project allows students to easily touch their smart card to barcode reader in order to fill
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in the class attendance. This project also allows the lecturers to get the calculation of the
class attendance and view the attendance report throughout the semester.
1.2 PROJECT AIM
The aim of this project is to develop a class attendance signing system that
will improve the management of class attendance in FTMSK.
13 PROJECT BACKGROUND
This electronic system management is about the class attendance signing
system that read the barcode on the students' smart card. The existing manual
class attendance signing system for subject Project Formulation (CSC633) is
inefficient for both lecturer and students . Lecturers need to calculate the students'
attendance percentage throughout the semester manually and come out with their
own, not standardize students' attendance report while students have to sign the
attendance sheet during lecture which will disturbs their concentration of learning.
Therefore, the development of class attendance signing system gives
many benefits to both lecturer and students. This system allows students to easily
touch their smart card on the barcode reader in order to fill in the class attendance.
Students can also view their attendanee percentage by date t& control their
attendance reputation. This project allows lecturers to get the calculation of the
student class attendance percentage and view the attendance report throughout the
semester.
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Basically, this system v U be implementing in Local Area Network
(LAN) in FTMSK. LAN allows lecturer to access the mformation of the student
attendance through the lecturer's personal computer in the lecturer's room and at
the same time print out the class attendance report for record, hi this project, LAN
will be implementing in the networking of client server (involve only two personal
computer) fortesting;
1.4 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
The problem description of this project is the existing manual class
attendance signing system for subject Project Formulation (CSC633) is inefficient
and not systematic. The existing manual class attendance signing system needs
students improperly^ sign the attendance sheet during class. The lecturer has to
keep all attendance sheets and calculate the attendance report throughout the
semester manually and come out with their own, not standardize students'
attendance report. In the manual system, students can easily forge their firiends'
signature purposely to fill in the class attendance.
1.5 PROJECT OBJECTIVE
One of the objectives of this project is to gather students' class attendance
bousing students' smart card. The other objective is to allow lecturers to get the
calculation of the students' attendance percentage throughout the semester and
view the standardize attendance report The other objective is to control students'
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signature forge in filling the class attendance. The last objective is to allow
lecturer to easily access the information of the class attendance through network.
1.6 PROJECT SCOPE
The scope for this project is to gather UiTM students' attendance by
using students' smart card for alt classes the students take throughout the
semester. The testing for this project will be do on a smaller scope which involve
only Bachelor in Computer Science students (CSe230) for a specific subject
which is Project Fomulation (CSC633).
1.7 PROJECT SIGNIFICANCE
This project gives significance to both lecturer and students of subject
Project Formulation (ese 633).
1.7.1 Significance to Lecturer
Lecturers are able to get the calculation of the class attendance percentage,
to easily access the information of tiie class attendance and to view the standardize
attendance report throughout the semester.
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1.7.2 Significance to Students
Students able to fill in the class attendance by only touch their smart card
on the smart card reader, which is more efficient and can view their attendance
percentage which will motivate them to control their class attendance reputation.
1.8 SUMMARY
Chapter one is an introduction chapter, which explains clearly about the
development of this project. This chapter includes the project background which
shortly explains the project description. This chapter also includes the problem
description which simply explains the problem of the existing system that
becomes the main point of the idea of this project. Chapter one also includes the
objective and the scope of the project. The project significance in chapter one is
based on both lecturer and students. The main purpose of this chapter is to show
the main idea about what this project is all about
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CHAPTER!
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Smart cards are programmed to perform tasks and store information. Smart
cards currently^ are used in telephone, transportation, banking, and heahhcare
transactions. Smart card can store lots of mformation and can perform multiple
ftmctions in a wide range of industries. A recent study found that 27% of smart card
applications were within banking, 18% wdthin health and welfare and 15% within
transport (Rogerson, p.t).
In UiTM, smart cards are aheady implemented and are gainmg popularity
among the UiTM communities. UiTM communities get many advantages by the
usage of the smart card in system management. Currently, smart card is use as an id
card and as an ATM bank card in UiTM. This project is going to level up the usage
of the smart card in UiTM by usmg smart card to fill in class attendance. The
barcode on the students' smart card will be implementing^ in this project: Nowadays,
barcode is fi-equently used in almost all industrial branches whenever an information
needs to be read automatically (Jorg et ah, 1999,pp.3). This literature review will
focus on the advantages of using smart card to fill in class attendance, the feature of
smart card, the application of bar code on smartcard, the usage of barcode reader to
implement class attendance signing system, the related issues between barcode and
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class attendance signing system and the usage of PHP language in developing the
class attendance signing^system.
2.2 ADVANTAGES OF USING SMART CARD TO FILL IN CLASS
ATTENDANCE
Smart card generally, gives lots of advantages to the user. For this project, the
researcher will explore the advantages of using smart card to fill in class attendance.
One of the advantages is using smart card will easier the students to fill in the class
attendance. The time constraint of using smart card to fill in class attendance is
small compared to the existing manual system which use attendance sheet. This is
because smart card allows the system to get students' identification efficiently; The
main improvement is the possibility to process the information directly on the card
(Flandre et al, p.2).
Other advantages is each student can use smart card securely because the
unique identification that the smart card provide. Smart cards can of course retain a
huge amount of information compared to the magnetic strip cards, but they can also
manage this information much more securely, using authentication and user
identification procedures (Flandre et al, p.2).
Other advantage is using smart card in signature system can tackle student
to attend to class. This is because the students know that the system can easily detect
those students who regularly attend the class. The students can also view their class
attendance percentage which will motivate them to control their attendance
reputation.
Usage of smart card gives advantages to the lecturer because the smart card
will directly input the information of student attendance to the system. The lecturers
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do not have to carry the attendance sheet every class time and filing the attendance
sheet manually which is not efficient Smart cards can improve access to services
for the disabled and elderly (Rogerson, p.l). The lecturer can easily get the
percentage of student attendance at the end of the semester without face the
difficulties to calculate the percentage manually and view the standardize student
attendance report
2.3 THE FEATURE OF SMART CARD TO FILL IN CLASS
ATTENDANCE
The interesting features and functionality of smart card that make it popular
is the multi- purpose card it applies. To implement a smart card scheme certain
design features is to ensure integrity across applications on multi-purpose cards
(Rogerson, p.3). Smart cards have three broad functions^ authentication, storing
value and storing personalized information. The smart card can also be used as a
portable storage device and with the capability of holding a large amount of data of
different forms and for different purposes. UiTM students' smart card includes
barcode which completely implemented in order to achieve the aim of this project.
The feature of smart card, which it is a portable hardware unit makes it more
convenient to use. A smart card is the most convenient and most portable
cryptographic hardware unit; public key smart cards are able to perform the signing
operation inside the card (Hamman et at, p.6). In recent years, many brands and
types of smart cards have come to market. Several major categories of smart card
are simple file-system-oriented smart cards without public key capability, advanced
file-system smart cards with public key capability, Java Cards, Windows-powered
smart cards, and MULTOS (muhi-application operating system) cards (Hamman et
al, p.7). Smart cards are a personal piece of hardware that must communicate with
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some other device to gain access to a display device or a network. Cards can be
plugged into a reader, commonly referred to as a card terminat (Komerling^ and
G.Kuhn, p.3).
For this project, as the first-time class attendance signing system
development, the researcher has decided to use UiTM student's smart card where
the connection is made when the barcode reader contacts the barcode on the back of
the students' smart card. The barcode reader provides a path for the applieatio» to
send and receive commands firom the barcode on the students' smart card. There are
many types of readers on the market, the most prevalent being the serial, PCCard,
and keyboard models (Seliger, p.2). Once it can communicate with the reader, there
is one protocol for communicating with smart card (Seliger, p.3).
2.4 THE APPLICATION OF THE BAR CODE ON SMART CARD
TO FILL IN CLASS ATTENDANCE
The implementing of smart card to fill in class attendance only can be access
by UrTM commxmities (the students and the lecturers). It is show that authentication
is very important in using smart card. Authentication is concerned with ensuring
only authorized individuals gain access to systems (Komerling and G.Kuhn, p.4).
The great variety of applications led to the existence of approximately 200 different
codes which are altogether subsumed under the term barcode (Jorg: et
al.,1999,pp.3.).
The barcode generator is used to generate the logical parts of a barcode. To
make it easy to create the barcode generator, the BarcodeUtil singleton class is used
which will choose the correct barcode implementation depending on the
configuratiGn built (JeremiasMarki, 2004, pp.3). The barcode on the students' smart
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card must be accurate in terms of width and darkness in order to ensure the accurate
data retrieved.
For this project, students have to signing electronically with a smart card at
the beginnings of each class. Each student has their own smart card to fill in class
attendance in class attendance signing system. By using this system, student can
discipline themselves to always carry their student smart card as it is a compulsory
to UiTM students. The computer that implements this system is equipped with a
barcode reader. Students fill in their class attendance by touching: their card at the
barcode reader which automatically records the attendance information in the
server. The reader, in turn, communicates with card, thereby acting^ as the
intermediary before sending the data to the server. The b^code reader wiggles the
barcode on the smart card and record the data in the server. That way, data can be
processed immediately and in a totally automated way. At the end of the semester,
lecturers can get the calculation of the students' attendance percentage more
efficiently and view the standardize attendance report.
2.5 THE USAGE OF THE BAR CODE READER TO IMPLEMENT
CLASS ATTENDANCE SIGNING SYSTEM.
There are four different types of barcode readers available. Each uses a
sli^tly different technology for reading^ and decoding^ a barcode. Barcode reader
provides a good introduction into the fundamentals of barcode information theory
while a comprehensive description may be found in (Jorg: et al.,1999,pp.4.). There
are pen type readers (i.e. bar code wands), laser scanners, CCD readers and camera
based readers. The computer that hnplements this system is equipped with a barcode
reader.
10
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