Walther’s law of correlation of facies
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Transcript of Walther’s law of correlation of facies
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Walther’sWalther’s law of correlation of facieslaw of correlation of facies
The principle that facies that occur in conformable vertical successions of strata also occur in laterally adjacent environments.[A vertical progression of facies can be found corresponding lateral facies changes]
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Walther’sWalther’s PrinciplePrinciple< vertical and horizontal facies match >
The various deposits of the same facies-area and similarly the sum of the rocks of different facies-areas are formed beside each other in space, though in a cross section we see them lying on top of each other.As with biotypes, it is a basic statement of far reaching significance that only those facies and facies-areas can be superimposed primarily which can be observed beside each other at the present time.
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Walther’sWalther’s LawLaw• Sedimentary rock types record the environment
of their deposition.• Depositional environments can shift laterally as
conditions change.• When so, laterally related environments become
superimposed.• Time-transgressive sedimentary formations, are
the result.• The vertical succession and lateral sequence of
facies will be the same.
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Walther’sWalther’s LawLaw• Certain facies associations are common in the
rock record.• For example, most clastic shoreline show a
series of depositional environments that are progressively finer-grained in the offshore direction.
• There are facies belts of coarses sands, and silts and clays. If the relative sea level changes, deposits of these facies belts accumulate.
• Three facies pattern are possible.
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Walther’sWalther’s LawLawFacies belts could pile up vertically if the
relative rate of sea-level rise is exactly balanced by the sedimentary output of the land.
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Walther’sWalther’s LawLawFacies show a transgressive pattern when the
sediment supply is overpower by a relative rise in sea level, or when the land subsides tectonically. Both cause the shoreline to move landward
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Walther’sWalther’s LawLaw Facies show a regression pattern when the
shoreline moves seaward due to an excess sediment supply from land, when the land is tectonically uplifted and the sea level retreats, or when there is a relative lowering of sea level.
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Walther’s Law Exceptions
• The law is invalid where the contact between
different lithologies is non-conformable (due
to lack of deposition), or during cases of rapid
environmental change when non-adjacent
environments may replace one another.