Walls, Ceilings and FloorsTypes of Walls Load Bearing walls support foors above and the roof.Partition or curtain walls are non-load bearing and do not support anything.They act as space dividers Moveable walls:accordion walls and modular panels.If space needs change often, you should consider using moveable walls.Conference centers, oce spaces, etc. Partial Walls:walls that are less than ceiling height, o!er visual privacy but not acoustical privacy. "rovide ventilation. Spur/freestanding:walls that do not #oin ad#acent wall at both ends.I$%&replaces in the center of rooms, walls behind reception des's.Types of Walls(pur or Freestanding wall)oveable WallsFactors to consider when planning walls%Aesthetics:formal walls have smooth surfaces and are symmetrical in the window and door placements.They are also more closed with more of a vertical emphasis.Informal walls are rough, asymmetrical, and are more open with a hori*ontal feelFunction and Flexibilit:why use moveable walls+They o!er fe,ibility for tenants that e,perience change.)oveable walls provide electrical and data lines -some even o!er plumbing. built into the wall system.The fooring is installed continuous so that the walls can be moved and not re/uire the fooring to be changed.Factors to consider when planning walls% !egree of enclosure and privac%opa/ue walls mean that you can0t see thru them.Translucent means that you can see thru the windows. Light "ualities:"sychology of light.White refects up to 123 of light and blac' refect about 43.Te,ture also plays a role.(mooth surfaces refect more light that rough te,tures. !urabilit:the amount of time and money needed to maintain the walls must be considered.This is your responsibility when specifying a wall treatment to understand your clients needs. Acoustics:smooth, hard surfaces refect sound while soft, porous surfaces absorb sound.Insulate wall cavities when sound transmission is an issue. #her$al "ualities:comfort and energy eciency.T5"$( 6F W788 )7T$9I78("laster%7n old techni/ue in which plaster is applied over the wallboard or concrete bloc' using a lath. Te,tures range from smooth to stucco. This techni/ue is almost a lost trade and is not used in new homes. It often chips and crac's as a house settles over the years. :ypsum Wallboard - ;rywall:ypsum wallboard is the most commonly used material to cover walls in interior pro#ects. It has evolved into a versatile, dependable material that is /uic' to install and easy to repair. )ade from a natural crystalli*ed mineral, wallboard is naturally &re resistant and can also act as a sound barrier. :ypsum board of 0 high is attached directly to the stud walls. The #oints are taped, spac'led and sanded so the seams do not show. Te,ture may be applied or various other &nish techni/ues. ?ote%(heetroc' is brand name but used as a generic term.Wood Wood comes in the form of paneling, plan' -such as fooring.,and veneer, etc. It provides warmth and is a good insulator but it tends to fade and is fammable.7s a designer, you must verify code compliance before installing it in commercial applications. Concrete @loc'7lso 'nown as %oncrete Masonr &nit '%M&(, concrete bloc' is a very common building material for the load-bearing walls of buildings, in what is termed Aconcrete bloc' structureA -C@(.This type of construction is very a!ordable and often found in commercial and institutional applications or as part of a residential foundation.TileCan be installed one tile at a time or in sheets held together with a mesh li'e bac'ing. Tile provides easy maintenance, they are water impervious -re/uired in public restrooms., but can create noisy interiors. They also can crac' and chip. 6ther wall &nishes%(tone, @ric', glass, and resin6ther wall &nishes%"aint, Wallpaper, Binyl WallcoveringsWhat is the di!erence+ Wallpaper: Cas been used since the Colonial days in the D( and for about E centuries in $urope. Fnown as the Gpoor mans tapestryH because only the wealthy could a!ord the real thing. "aper is not easily cleaned, cannot be scrubbed unless vinyl coated. It is priced by the single roll, although it is sold in a double roll. It is typically 4IH wide. )inl Wallcovering: )ore durable, usually fabric bac'ed, does not stretch and tear during installation and is E - 4< o* per yard and up. Type II is used in clinical areas of hospitals. Three Classi&cations of Ceilings(uspended from the structure 7coustical tiles tin7ttached directly to the structure :ypsum board "laster Tongue and groove wood(tructure and ceiling &nish are the same thing. Concrete sub foor $,posed ducts $,posedwood beams, #oistsTypes of CeilingsCo!ered@arrel BaultCovedTray$,posed (uspendedCo!ered Ceiling9oman Co!ered ceiling at the "antheon -==1-=4E 7.;.. were originally covered with blue stucco and glided rosettes.@arrel Bault Changing room in the womenKs section of the Forum @aths.(pace is covered by a stucco barrel vault, mar'ed by groves. Floor is blac' and white mosaic.Coved Ceiling$,posed CeilingsHaddon Hall, 14th Century Middle Ages (500-1300 A.D.) featured structural details of open beams supporting a pitched roof.ome ceilings !ere flat !ith e"posed beams.#pper class homes featured paintings$ chec%erboard designs and heraldic motifs.Tray Ceilings(uspended ceilings L 7dvantages8ow costFast installation(ound controlFle,ible7daptability of lighting and mechanical$asy accessibility to plenum space(pecialty TilesF8669I?:Factors to Consider;urability and wear factorsCleaning and maintenance7coustics(tatic electricity)oisture in slab"rice7ppearance(afetyCategories of Flooring Soft Flooring L (warm, quite, difcult to maintain, allergens) 9ugs and Carpets *esilient Flooring (durable, good acoustics, easy to maintain) (heet Binyl BCT -vinyl composition tile.- re/uires wa,ing which is not easy to maintain Cor' 9ubber 8inoleum +ard Flooring (durable, noisy, more expensive) (tone -(late, marble, fagstone, tera**o, granite. @ric' Ceramic Tile Woodand @amboo -strips, plan's, par/uet. Concrete 8aminate"lush CarpetsS$ooth ',nown as a Saxon( - This style of cut pile carpet is achieved when the tufts of yarn are sheared to a low, smooth pile height for uniform color and a formal loo'.#exture - This popular style o!ers a smooth, level &nish, but the yarns have more twist, which creates a less formal loo'.#wist ',nown as a Frie-e( - The yarns in this style are even longer, creating a soft, comfortable, casual appearance.Shag - The yarns in this style are even longer, creating a soft, comfortable, casual appearance. 8oop CarpetsLevel Loop 'often called a Berber( - In this style, all the loops are the same height. The dense, &rm surface of a loop pile carpet ma'es it ideal for high-trac areas.Patterned Loop - The yarns in this style are also looped, but they are at two or three varying heights. The various heights can be arranged to create a wide range of patterns and te,tures. Patterns - "attern carpets beautifully blend loops and cuts in varying heights for dramatic, uni/ue patterns, ranging from foral designs to geometric to pin-dot.