Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman...
Transcript of Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman...
![Page 1: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable
Streets/Cities
Prof. Saman Bandara
Stakeholder Dialogue on
Improving Environmentally Sustainable Transport
in Sri Lanka
Hotel Taj Samudra 10th December 2013
![Page 2: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Walking • Reduces unnecessary
traffic on road
• Promotes social harmony
• Reduces air pollution in the long run
• Least discriminative mode of transport
• Makes healthier community
2
![Page 3: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sustainable Cities
Sustainable Built
Environment
Walkable Community
Walk more &
Drive less Save Energy
Reduce Emissions
![Page 4: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Walkability
• Extent to which the built environment is friendly to the presence of people living, shopping, visiting, enjoying or spending time in an area
4
![Page 5: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Global Walkability Index Holly Krambeck (1996)
![Page 6: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
http://www.walkscore.com
Walkscore
![Page 7: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
UTTIPEC, Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi November 2009
Design Guidelines
![Page 8: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Need For Improvements
Existing walkability measures either
• Rank roads based on a level of service criteria using qualitative measures that are very subjective or
• Uses few land use parameters only, disregarding the quality of the facilities available.
8
![Page 9: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Need today
• Encourage pedestrian traffic
• Encourage the improvements in pedestrian facilities
• Identifying deficiencies in existing pedestrian facilities
• Improving the presently used evaluation criterion
9
![Page 10: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Requirements
• Identification of all relevant parameters
• Methodology without subjective judgments
• Consistency and transferability
• Possibility to identify shortcomings in existing facilities
• Ability to identify remedial measures
• User friendliness
10
![Page 11: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Walkability and Energy Saving
• Two different areas with two different walkability conditions were located
• A complete walkability survey was not carried out
• Suitable walkability parameters were considered
• Areas were selected by simple observation
![Page 12: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Methodology
• The trip patterns and selection of mode was found out
• Via household surveys
• First mode of the trip was concerned more
• convenient maximum walking distance was found out
• If current facilities are not improved, what will happen??
![Page 13: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Community 1:
Walkable • Sufficient walking space
• Less traffic flow
• Slow speeds
• Well maintained and clean roads
• Good land use mix
• Secure neighborhood
• Shady roads
• Reliable public transport
![Page 14: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Community 2:
Less walkable • Insufficient walking space – no shoulder
• Speeding vehicles
• Poor maintenance and Dust
• Blind walls
• Improper street lighting
• Services are not located at close proximity
• Unsecure from crimes
![Page 15: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Results
Walking 71%
Motorbike 8%
Three wheeler 2%
Car/ van/ Jeep 17%
Other 2%
Mode selection in a Walkable community
Walking
Motorbike
Three wheeler
Car/ van/ Jeep
Other
![Page 16: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Results
Walking 45%
Bus - directly 19%
Motorbike 11%
Three wheeler 3%
Car/ van/ Jeep 21%
Other 1%
Mode selection in a less walkable area
Walking
Bus - directly
Motorbike
Three wheeler
Car/ van/ Jeep
Other
![Page 17: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Results - First mode of travel
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Wal
kin
g
Bu
s -
dir
ectl
y
Mo
torb
ike
Th
ree
wh
eele
r
Car
/ va
n/
Jeep
Oth
er
Walkable community
![Page 18: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Quantifiable measures of walkability
• The walkability models so far developed have been reviewed
• A set of six measures have been identified due to their consistent emphasis in the research literature.
1. Connectivity measures
2. Proximity measures
3. Density measures
4. Infrastructure measures
5. Land use measures
6. Environmental & Safety measures
![Page 19: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Measures to be used to develop the model
• By considering those measures and the need for a developing country, parameters to be used were narrowed down to three
1. Pedestrian Flow
2. Shortest path link with major links
3. Minimum pedestrian facilities
![Page 20: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Parameters to be considered under pedestrian facilities 1. Presence and continuity of sidewalks
2. Effective width of sidewalks
3. Surface condition of sidewalks
4. Albedo (solar reflection ability)
5. Modal conflict
6. Availability of crossings
7. Delay at crossings
8. Amenities & aesthetics
9. Disability infrastructure
10. Pedestrian security 20
![Page 21: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sidewalks
21 21
Sidewalks
![Page 22: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sidewalks – presence
22
![Page 23: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Sidewalks – effective width (We)
![Page 24: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
PiPiw1
W TotalW Total
w2
we
Effective width measurement
![Page 25: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sidewalks – effective width (We)
Residential 1 .5m
Industr ia l or mixed 2 .0m
Commercia l 2 .5m
Commercia l nodes 3 .0m
25
![Page 26: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Modal conflict
![Page 27: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Modal conflict
• Determine possible modal conflict
• Evaluate current facilities to reduce modal conflict
• Raised sidewalk
• Buffer
27
![Page 28: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sidewalks – elevation difference
Land UseHourly
VolumeHeight
R e s i d e n t i a l
&
< 4 0 0 Z e r o
R e s i d e n t i a l > 4 0 0 1 0 0 ~ 1 5 0 m m
C o m m e r c i a l o r o t h e r
> 4 0 0 1 0 0 ~ 1 5 0 m m
C o m m e r c i a l > 2 0 0 1 0 0 ~ 1 5 0 m m
C o m m e r c i a l < 2 0 0 Z e r o
28
![Page 29: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Buffer
29
![Page 30: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Buffer
![Page 31: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Sidewalks – surface
• Changes in level • Becomes a tripping hazard
• Damages
• Improper disposal of garbage
31
![Page 32: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Sidewalks – surface condition
• Firmness • Sidewalk space covered with grass or just
remains as soil or sandy - is not firm
• Where cover slabs (drains) present - it is not stable
32
![Page 33: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Sidewalks – paving materials
33
![Page 34: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Sidewalks – paving materials
• Albedo - Solar reflection
– ratio of reflected solar radiation to the total amount that falls on that surface
• High albedo materials for paving reduce urban heat island effect. Thus improves climate comfort of walkways
34
![Page 35: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Sidewalks – paving materials
35
ID Paving material Albedo Score
1 Cement 0.55 100%
2 New concrete 0.43 74%
3 Dry sand 0.31 51%
4 Red Brick 0.28 45%
5 Old concrete 0.22 31%
6 Grass 0.20 28%
7 Macadam 0.18 23%
8 Worn asphalt 0.14 15%
9 Soil 0.08 2%
10 Fresh asphalt 0.07 0%
![Page 36: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Crosswalks – presence
• A pedestrian should reach a pedestrian crossing at 150m walking distance(depend on the region)
• Then, gap between two pedestrian crossings should be 300 m or less.
36
![Page 37: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
•
Crosswalks – delay
37
![Page 38: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Crosswalks – delay
• Un-signalized crosswalks
• Consider an event A
A = Being able to cross the road within a gap
Score = P (A) ; as a percentage
Gap = 1/flow
38
![Page 39: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39 Charlottesville, Virginia
Aesthetics & Amenities
![Page 40: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Pedestrian amenities
40
![Page 41: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Aesthetics
• This is measured qualitatively with a score from zero to 100%.
• Contribution 50% aesthetics and 50% pedestrian amenities
41
![Page 42: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Facilities for the disabled
42
![Page 43: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Vision impaired • Tactile tiles should have a color (preferably canary
yellow), which contrasts with the surrounding surface.
• Tactile Paving should be minimum 300 mm wide so that someone cannot miss it by stepping over it.
43
“Go” - Guiding Tile “Stop” - Warning Tile
![Page 44: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Overhead obstructions
44
![Page 45: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Security from crimes • Eyes to watch
• Transparent boundary
45
45
![Page 46: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• c X
• v √
Security from crimes
46
![Page 47: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Concluding to a final score
47
• Final score for a road can be the simple average of the ten elements.
• A weightage could be given (More research is required)
• This is a percentage where a road with great pedestrian facilities will score 100% and roads those are not pedestrian friendly at all, get 0%
• Can identify deficient areas and pay attention for improvements
![Page 48: Walkability- Developing Pedestrian Friendly Livable ...cdn.cseindia.org/userfiles/Saman Bandara.pdf · Car/ van/ Jeep 21% Other 1% Mode selection in a less walkable area Walking Bus](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042318/5f0738647e708231d41be84a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)