Wales 3 Regional Waste Plans 1st Review HIA - Seperate Appendix of Detailed Analysis Tables - FINAL...

8/14/2019 Wales 3 Regional Waste Plans 1st Review HIA - Seperate Appendix of Detailed Analysis Tables - FINAL - 28-Mar-08

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Our Waste

Our Challenge

Wales 3 RegionalWaste Plans1st Review

FinalStrategic Health

Impact Assessment

Separate AppendixReport of theDetailed HIA

Analysis Tables for


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AcknowledgementsThis strategic health impact assessment has been a collaborative project and would not have been

possible without the support, advice and feedback of key people and organisations. In particular the

members of the Project Steering Group:

Martha Savage and Mike Pender, Denbighshire County Council

Liz Green, Welsh Health Impact Assessment Support Unit (WHIASU) Rhiannon Jones, Environment Agency

Janet Williams, Ty AVOW, Association of Voluntary Organisations in Wrexham

Angela Tinkler and Jackie James, National Public Health Service

Ceri Morris, Neath Port Talbot Council

Stuart Newland, Caerphilly Council

Simon Cottrill, Conwy County Council

Adrian Jones, Welsh Assembly Government

Please note that the report does not necessarily reflect the personal or organisational views ofthe members of the Project Steering Group or of the other key people and organisations that

have provided advice and information for this Strategic HIA.

Strategic HIA Report Authors:

Salim Vohra, Peter Brett Associates (now at the Institute of Occupational Medicine)

Claire Holman, Peter Brett Associates

Laura Henworth, Peter Brett Associates


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Detailed HIA Analysis Tables OPTION 1 (A, B &C): Landfill-led Strategy Page 1

Introduction

This is a separate appendix of the detailed HIA analysis tables developed during the analysis of the potential positive and negative health

impacts of the Strategic Waste Management Options (SWMOs) of the 3 Regional Waste Plans 1 st Review.

There are four tables for each of the SWMOs and each table is divided into construction, operation and decommissioning phases.

The reason for a separate appendix was because of the size of the detailed tables which altogether are 240 pages long.

OPTION 1 (A, B &C): Landfill-led Strategy Page 2

OPTION 2 (A, B &C): Energy from Waste-led Strategy Page 60

OPTION 3 (A, B, C, D, E & F): Mechanical Biological Treatment/Biological Mechanical Treatment-led Strategy Page 120

OPTION 4 (A, B, C, D & E): Mechanical Heat Treatment (MHT)/Autoclave-led Strategy Page 181


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Health impact matrix for the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of

OPTION 1 (A, B &C): Landfill-led Strategy compared to OPTION 0: Do Nothing Strategy


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Health impact matrix for the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of OPTION 1 (A, B &C):Landfill-led Strategy compared to OPTION 0: Do Nothing Strategy

Legend

+ positive health impact +++ major - - - - negative health impact ++ moderate - - ~ no identified health impact + minor -

Definition of the levels of potential impact

Significance Level Criteria

Severe ----

(negative only)

Only adverse effects are assigned this level of importance as they represent key factors in the decision-making process,and may threaten the viability of the project. These effects are generally, but not exclusively, associated with sites andfeatures of international, national or regional importance. A change at a regional or district scale site or feature may alsoenter this category. Typically, mitigation measures are unlikely to remove severe adverse effects.

Major +++/---

(positive or negative)

These effects are likely to be important considerations at a local or district scale. If adverse, potential concerns to the

project may become key factors in the decision-making process. Mitigation measures and detailed design work areunlikely to remove all of the adverse effects upon the affected communities or interests.

Moderate ++/--


These effects, if adverse, while important at a local scale, are unlikely to be key decision-making issues. Nevertheless,the cumulative effect of such issues may lead to an increase in the overall effects on a particular area or on a particularresource. They represent issues where effects will be experienced but mitigation measures and detailed design workmay ameliorate or enhance some of the consequences upon affected communities or interests. Some residual effectswill still arise.

Minor/Mild +/-


These effects may be raised as local issues but are unlikely to be of importance in the decision-making process.Nevertheless they are of relevance in enhancing the subsequent design of the project and the consideration of mitigationand enhancement measures.

Neutral/No Effect ~ No effect or effects which are beneath the level of perception or within normal bounds of variation.


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Construction Phase (between 2-5 years for each facility built) Only construction and associated activity impacts are assessed in this table.

Construction Phase Option 0: Do Nothing strategy impactOption 1 (A, B & C): Landfill-led strategy50% recycling and composting followed by

low levels of thermal treatment and then disposal to landfill impact


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Infectious diseases Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.

Excludingwaste

collection,recycling andcomposting

facilities.

~

The construction of waste facilities (individually andcumulatively) is unlikely to cause or spread infectious diseasesto local residents or construction workers.Workers coming into contact with sewage and contaminatedwater can be affected by micro-organisms.The extent of the hazard to waste facili ty workers will depend onthe management of the construction of the waste facility; theadherence to health and safety protocols; and availability anduse of safety equipment and protective clothing.

Construction workers moving into the area, particular those whoare single, can lead to a rise in sexually transmitted diseases.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

All theproposed

new residualtreatment

wastefacilities inthe region

~

Individualnew residual

treatment

wastefacilities

~

New residualtreatment

waste facilityin a rural area

~


waste facilityin an urban

area~


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Non-infectious/chronic diseases

Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

The construction of waste facilities (individually andcumulatively) is unlikely to cause non-infectious/chronicdiseases to local residents or construction workers.There is likely to be some dust generated by the constructionbut the levels of these are unlikely to lead to respiratory or otherhealth problems.The extent of the hazard to construction workers will depend onthe management of the construction of the waste facility; theadherence to health and safety protocols; and availability anduse of safety equipment and protective clothing.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

All theproposed



~


treatment

wastefacilities

~



~



area~


10/244




Physical injury and,poisoning

Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

The construction of waste facilities (individually andcumulatively) is unlikely to cause physical injury or poisoning tolocal residents.There is a potential for the additional heavy construction lorrytraffic to result in an increase in road traffic collisions. This willdepend on whether a route strategy and timetable for majortraffic movements is developed for each proposed new residualtreatment waste facility.Local children could potentially gain access to a waste facilityconstruction site and get injured.Some workers may be injured on the construction site from falls,falling objects, collisions, etc.Construction sites can and do have hazardous substances on-site. This again is likely to be a greater hazard for constructionworkers than for residents in the surrounding area.The extent of the hazard to construction workers will depend onthe management of the construction of the waste facility; theadherence to health and safety protocols; safe storage andusage of chemical; and availability and use of safety equipment

and protective clothing.The hazard to residents, especially children ingesting or cominginto contact with hazardous chemicals, will depend on thesecure storage and security measures to ensure nounauthorised access to the site.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

All theproposed



-


treatment

wastefacilities-



-



area-


11/244




Mental health Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.

Excludingwastecollection,

recycling andcomposting

facilities.

~

Depending on the size of the facility the construction period foreach of the potential new residual treatment waste facilities willbe between 2 to 5 years.This is likely to give rise to some nuisance effects for peopleliving close to the site e.g. noise, dust, traffic and visual impacts.Additionally, if there is large or strong opposition to the siting ofa waste facility then there is likely to be considerable worry,anxiety and anger in at least some sections of the localcommunity. This could lead to significant psycho-social stressand mental health effects.Workers on the site can have psycho-social stress related totheir work depending on the quality of the contractors used andthe terms and conditions under which they are employed.There is likely to be greater concern about proposedincinerators than for pyrolysis and gasification facilities andmuch less so for composting and recycling facilities.Though there is also likely to be more concerns about openwindrow composting than in-vessel composting.

Option 1C (Incineration with energy recovery) is likely to causethe greatest community concern, followed by Options 1A(Pyrolysis) and Options 1B (Gasification).



facilities.

All theproposed



-/--


treatment

wastefacilities-/--



-/--



area-/--


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13/244




Employment & economy Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.



facilities.

~

It is likely that some or all of the construction relatedemployment will go to people in the locality of a waste facility.Some though are likely to go to workers from outside the localityespecially in rural areas where there may not be enough skilledworkers in the local area.The above will depend on the availability of local people with therelevant skills and whether the waste facility developersrecruitment drive proactively focuses on local and districtconstruction workers and skilled craftspeople.The development is likely to stimulate the local area as theconstruction starts using local sub-contractors and businessesallied to construction.Businesses may also be set up specifically to deal with activitiesrelated to the construction.There will also be additional passing trade for existing shopsand retail amenities from construction workers going to andfrom a development site.The major beneficial impact is likely to be on those withconstruction skills and experience and those who are currentlyunemployed or under-employed.



facilities.

All theproposed



+


treatment

wastefacilities+/++



+/++



area+/++


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Housing and accommodation Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.



facilities.

~

Given the length of the construction phase it is very likely, that iflocal recruitment is difficult, construction workers will move intothe area from outside of the locality. These workers are likely toeither rent accommodation and may therefore create pressureon the availability of housing, particularly affordable and goodquality housing in the locality.However, this would also be a potential economic opportunityfor private landlords.Depending on the distance of the construction site from existinghomes there could be some direct impacts on the existinghouses in terms of vibration effects and structural damage dueto the construction work and/or lorry movements. This may be aparticular problem in rural areas where heavy constructiontraffic and large developments are not the norm and housing isnot designed to take this into account.It is unlikely that the construction of the waste facilities willdisrupt utility services water, gas, electrici ty, waste andsewage disposal.



facilities.

All theproposed



~/-


treatment

wastefacilities~/-



~/-



area~/-


15/244




Transport and connectivity Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.



facilities.

~

There is unlikely to be any direct effects on peoples access toprivate and public transport.There will be construction traffic and this will have some impacton the movement of private and public transport vehiclesdepending on the transport links in the locality.This may cause physical severance and a reduction in physicalactivity and time spent outdoors for older people and children aslocal roads are, or are seen to be, dangerous and difficult tocross.There maybe some negative nuisance impacts from the noiseand vibration. Though continuous noise and vibration effectscan also give rise to psycho-social stress among theseresidents.The construction traffic will increase the amount of vehicleemissions however these are unlikely to cause physical healtheffects on existing or new residents. Though peaks inconcentration can exacerbate the symptoms of those withexisting respiratory and cardiovascular difficulties especially inolder people and children.

The increased construction traffic is likely to have a greaterimpact in rural areas than urban ones because rural roads areless good, the road network is sparser and the backgroundlevels of traffic are lower.



facilities.

All theproposed



-


treatment

wastefacilities-/--



-/--



area-


16/244




Education and learning Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.



facilities.

~

There is unlikely to be any disruption to existing local schools.Though this is dependent on whether there are schools near tothe site or on the routes used by construction traffic.Construction workers employed on the site are likely to gainexperience and on-the-job training.If the developers link into local colleges and constructiontraining schemes then local people will have the opportunity togain the skills to be recruited for construction as well as youngpeople gaining work experience on employment-linkedapprenticeship-type training schemes.Some construction workers may come from outside the UK andspeak poor English which may necessitate setting up Englishlanguage courses for them..



facilities.

All theproposed



+


treatment

wastefacilities+



+



area+


17/244




Crime and safety Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.



facilities.

~

There is unlikely to be any significant increases in crimebecause of the construction as access to the construction sitewill be limited.However, construction sites with their store of materials and theinflux of new construction-related people can make an areamore vulnerable to crime or, at least, to perceived as morevulnerable to crime and less safe. This may mean that policeand community guardian/warden patrols may need to beundertaken in and around the site to ensure community safety.This may be an issue in rural areas more than urban ones.



facilities.

All theproposed



~


treatment

wastefacilities~



~/-



area~


18/244




Health & social care services Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.



facilities.

~

There may be some minor effects on local health and socialcare services.Injured or unwell construction workers on site will use localhospitals and primary care centres.



facilities.

All theproposed



~


treatment

wastefacilities~



~



area~


19/244




Shops and other retail amenities Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.



facilities.

~

There will be some positive impact on local shops andamenities from passing trade from construction workers.Some shops or retail amenities may be set up or be expanded

specifically to serve the construction workers.



facilities.

All theproposed



+


treatment

wastefacilities+/++



+



area+/++


20/244


21/244




Culture and leisure Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.



facilities.

~

Existing culture and leisure facilities are unlikely to be affectedby the construction activity and associated traffic.May lead to a reduction in childrens outdoor play asparents/guardians see local roads as more dangerous.



facilities.

All theproposed

new residual

treatmentwaste

facilities inthe region

~


treatment

wastefacilities~



~



area~


22/244




Lifestyle and daily routines Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.



facilities.

~

There is likely to be some disruption of movement due to theconstruction traffic.This will be dependent on the amount of construction traffic andthe days and hours of construction.It will also be dependent on how the construction site andassociated traffic are managed and the adherence to theconstructors code of conduct by the contractors and sub-contractors working on the site.Children and older people are likely to be the most affected.



facilities.

All theproposed

new residual

treatmentwaste


-


treatment

wastefacilities-/--



-/--



area-/--


23/244




Energy and waste Excluding waste collection, recycling andcomposting facility impacts which are thesame for all the Options 0 4, Option 0assumes that no new waste treatmentfacilities will be built, hence there will be noconstruction impacts.This assumption is for the purposes of thisassessment only as in reality even theimplementation of Option 0 will involve theextension and creation of new landfills.



facilities.

~

This will depend on:Whether waste from the site is reused and recycled and theamount of demolition and construction waste sent elsewhere.The types of construction vehicles used.The energy and waste strategy developed for the constructionphase of the waste facilities.



facilities.

All theproposed

new residual

treatmentwaste


-/+/++


treatment

wastefacilities-/+/++



-/+/++



area-/+/++


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Operation Phase Option 0: Do Nothing strategy impactOption 1 (A, B & C): Landfill-led strategy50% recycling and composting followed by


Infectious diseases The operation of landfills (individually andcumulatively) is unlikely to cause or spreadinfectious diseases to local residents.However, the operation of open windrowcomposting sites and landfills can give riseto bioaerosols that can cause infectiousdiseases in waste facility workers cominginto contact with them.The extent of the hazard to waste facilityworkers will depend on the management

of the operation of the waste facility; theadherence to health and safety protocols;and availability and use of safetyequipment and protective clothing.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

The operation of the waste facilities (individually andcumulatively) is unlikely to cause or spread infectious diseasesto local residents.However, the operation of open windrow composting sites andlandfills can give rise to bioaerosols that can cause infectiousdiseases in waste facility workers coming into contact with them.The extent of the hazard to waste facility workers will depend onthe management of the operation of the waste facility; theadherence to health and safety protocols; and availability anduse of safety equipment and protective clothing.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the

proposednew residual

treatment


~


treatmentwaste

facilities~



~

New residualtreatmentwaste facilityin an urban

area~


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Non-infectious/chronic diseases

The operation of landfills (individually andcumulatively) is unlikely to cause non-infectious/chronic diseases to localresidents or waste facility workers.There is likely to be some gaseous, liquidand solid materials such as dust, gases,bioaerosols, heavy metals, liquid wastegenerated that may be emitted into the air,water and soil in the local area. However,the levels of these are unlikely to lead to

health problems.The extent of the hazard to landfill workerswill depend on the management of theoperation of the waste facility; theadherence to health and safety protocols;and availability and use of safetyequipment and protective clothing.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

The operation of waste facilities (individually and cumulatively)is unlikely to cause non-infectious/chronic diseases to localresidents or waste facility workers.There is likely to be some gaseous, liquid and solid materialssuch as dust, gases, bioaerosols, heavy metals, generated inthe majority of waste facilities, e.g. incineration, pyrolysis,gasification, anaerobic digestion, landfills and open windrowcomposting sites, that may be emitted into the air, water and soilin the local area. However, the levels of these are unlikely tolead to physical health problems.

Residents with pre-existing respiratory and cardiovascularconditions may have, or perceive themselves to have,exacerbations of their condition due to the low levels ofadditional air pollution.The extent of the hazard to waste facility workers will depend onthe management of the operation of the waste facility; theadherence to health and safety protocols; and availability anduse of safety equipment and protective clothing.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatment


~/-


treatmentwaste

facilities~/-



~/-



area~/-


28/244


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Population profile It is unlikely that there will be any changesto the population profile in the local areaaround landfills.The operation of new collection, recyclingand composting facilities may lead to asmall increase in population in the localarea if waste facility workers are recruitedfrom outside the local area and outsidecommuting distance (within 1 hours travel).

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

The operation of new residual treatment waste facilities maylead to a small increase in population in the local area if wastefacility workers are recruited from outside the local area andoutside commuting distance (within 1 hours travel).However, the overall number of likely new jobs is small andtherefore any population increase will be negligible.This will also be more of an issue in rural areas than urbanones.Increases in population can be seen as either a positive or anegative depending on the local community and the

characteristics and behaviour of the incoming residents.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatment


~


treatmentwaste

facilities~



~



area~


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Housing and accommodation It is unlikely that there will be pressure onlocal housing and accommodationbecause of the operation of existinglandfills.It is unlikely that there will be pressure onlocal housing and accommodationbecause of the operation of a collection,recycling or composting facility fromworkers being recruited from outside thelocal area and moving nearer to thefacility.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

It is unlikely that there will be pressure on local housing andaccommodation because of the operation of a waste facilityfrom workers being recruited from outside the local area andmoving nearer to the facility. Where this occurs it will be more ofan issue in rural areas than urban ones.It is unlikely that there will be large positive or negative changesin the prices of existing housing. There may be some downwardpressure on local house prices because of their nearness to awaste facility however given that there is a chronic shortage ofhouses and the predominant influence of national trends this islikely to be short-lived and unlikely to impact on the economicwellbeing of local residents.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


~


treatmentwaste

facilities~



~/-



area~


33/244


34/244




Education and learning There is unlikely to be any disruption toexisting local schools from existinglandfills.For collection, recycling or compostingfacility this is dependent on whether thereare schools near to the site or on theroutes used by waste traffic.There is an opportunity for wider educationof the local community on waste issues ifcommunity facilities are built alongside

collection, recycling or compostingfacilities.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

There is unlikely to be any disruption to existing local schools.Though this is dependent on whether there are schools near tothe site or on the routes used by waste traffic.Waste facility workers employed on the site are likely to gainexperience and on-the-job training.If the operators link into local colleges and training schemesthen local people will have the opportunity to gain the skills tobe recruited to work in the waste facility as well as young peoplegaining work experience on employment-linked apprenticeship-type training schemes.

There is an opportunity for wider education of the localcommunity on waste issues if community facilities e.g.education rooms with computing facilities and low/free rentoffice space for local environmental groups are built in oradjacent to the facilities enabling environmental awareness andeducation programmes for local residents and school children tobe undertaken and for local people to gain some direct benefitsfrom the facility.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


~/+/++


treatmentwaste

facilities~/+/++



~/+/++



area~/+/++


35/244




Crime and safety There is unlikely to be any increase incrime because of the operation of thewaste facilities.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

There is unlikely to be any increase in crime because of theoperation of the waste facilities.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


~


treatmentwaste

facilities

~



~



area~


36/244




Health & social care services There is unlikely to be any additionalimpacts on local health and social careservices.Though injured or unwell waste facilityworkers on site at collection, recycling andcomposting facilities will use localhospitals and primary care centres.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

There may be some minor effects on local health and socialcare services.Injured or unwell waste facility workers on site will use localhospitals and primary care centres.There a potential for an operational failure/sabotage in athermal treatment plants pyrolysis, gasification and mass burnincineration leading to an explosion.A serious incident plan for an operational failure/sabotage eventneeds to be developed for these facilities.

Women who are pregnant and women/couples trying to becomepregnant may become concerned about the possible healtheffects of the waste facility and its emissions on their unbornchild. They may raise these issues with theirGP/obstetrician/midwife.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


~/-


treatmentwaste

facilities

~



~



area~


37/244




Shops and other retail amenities

There will be no additional impacts onlocal shops and amenities from passingtrade from waste facility workers ofexisting landfills.There will be some positive impact on localshops and amenities from passing tradefrom waste facility workers of collection,recycling and composting facilities.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

There will be some positive impact on local shops and amenitiesfrom passing trade from waste facility workers.Some shops or retail amenities may be set up or be expanded

specifically to serve the waste facility workers.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


+


treatmentwaste

facilities

+



+



area+


38/244


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Culture and leisure Existing culture and leisure facilities areunlikely to be affected by the operation ofexisting landfills and associated traffic.They are also unlikely to be affected byany new collection, recycling andcomposting facilities.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

Existing culture and leisure facilities are unlikely to be affectedby the operation of the waste facility and associated traffic.May lead to a reduction in physical activity and time spentoutdoors for older people and children as a) local roads are, orare seen to be, dangerous and difficult to cross and b) theneighbourhood more polluted.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


~


treatmentwaste

facilities

~



~



area~


41/244




Lifestyle and daily routines There is likely to be some disruption ofmovement due to the additional wastetraffic to existing landfills.There will also be additional traffic to andfrom collection, recycling and compostingfacilities.There is likely to be some off-setting of

journeys to landfill by journeys to recyclingand composting facilities.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~/-

There is likely to be some disruption of movement due to thewaste traffic.This will be dependent on the amount of waste traffic and thedays and hours of operation of the facility.This will be dependent on a how the waste traffic is managedand the development of a route strategy for waste traffic foreach waste facility.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


-/--


treatmentwaste

facilities

-/--



-/--



area-/--


42/244




Energy and waste There will be an increase in recycling andcomposting rates from current levels.Waste will not be managed in a better ormore integrated way as landfill will be theonly disposal option.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

---

There will be an increase recycling and composting rates fromcurrent levels.

Waste will be managed in a more effective, efficient andintegrated way.However landfill will still be the main disposal mechanism.New waste treatment facilities produce less emissions thancurrent ones.

There will be some energy recovery.The energy recovery can provide subsidised district/communityheating through a combined heat and power plant (CHP) orrefuse derived fuel (RDF) to be used by other industrial facilities.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


+


treatmentwaste

facilities

+



+



area+


43/244




Land and spatial Existing landfills will be used and no newlandfills will be created.New collection, recycling and compostingfacilities will be sited and built.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

Industrial and waste facilities tend to reduce the visual amenityand aesthetic of a neighbourhood. This will depend on the sizeand design of the facility.

The current strategy for siting waste facilities is beingdeveloped.However, there are some key principles being used in additionto the proximity principle:Site where there is available brownfield land.Site where there is access to road, rail and water networks thatare capable of transporting waste.Site where a number of waste facilities can be co-located in awaste eco-park (where they feed into each other).Site near existing waste and industrial facilities.

The new waste facility may replace an existing older and morepolluting facility.

If there is food production occurring in the nearby area e.g.farms or allotments then there may be contamination of the foodgrown through potential air, water and soil emissions from awaste facility.

The siting of a new facility may affect traveller communities whouse the site.

There is a greater likelihood of si ting in or near poor anddeprived neighbourhoods. This raises the issue ofenvironmental justice where existing communities facingenvironmental burdens face the additional environmentalburdens from waste facilities and the cumulative burden of anumber of industrial facilities.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste

facilities inthe region-/~/+/++


treatmentwaste

facilities

-/~/+/++



-/~/+/++



area-/~/+/++

Decommissioning Phase (20-30 years after the construction phase)


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O ti 1 (A B & C) L dfill l d t t


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Decommissioning Phase Option 0: Do Nothing strategy impactOption 1 (A, B & C): Landfill-led strategy50% recycling and composting followed by


Infectious diseases The decommissioning of existing landfillsand new collection, recycling andcomposting facilities (individually andcumulatively) is unlikely to cause or spreadinfectious diseases to local residents orworkers decommissioning the facility.See Option 1 issues.

Excludingwaste


facilities.

~

The decommissioning of the waste facilities (individually andcumulatively) is unlikely to cause or spread infectious diseasesto local residents or workers decommissioning the facility.There is likely to be some dust, bioaerosols generated in sometypes of waste facilities, e.g. landfills and open windrowcomposting sites, but the levels of these are unlikely to lead torespiratory or other health problems.The extent of the hazard to decommissioning workers willdepend on the management of the decommissioning of thewaste facility; the adherence to health and safety protocols; andavailability and use of safety equipment and protective clothing.

Excludingwaste


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


~


treatmentwaste

facilities

~



~



area~

Option 1 (A B & C): Landfill led strategy


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Non-infectious/chronic

diseases

The decommissioning of existing landfills

and new collection, recycling andcomposting facilities (individually andcumulatively) is unlikely to cause non-infectious/chronic diseases to localresidents or workers decommissioning thefacility.See Option 1 issues.

Excluding

wastecollection,


facilities.

~

The decommissioning of the waste facilities (individually and

cumulatively) is unlikely to cause non-infectious/chronicdiseases to local residents or workers decommissioning thefacility.There is likely to be some dust, bioaerosols generated in sometypes of waste facilities, e.g. landfills and open windrowcomposting sites, but the levels of these are unlikely to lead torespiratory or other health problems.The extent of the hazard to decommissioning workers willdepend on the management of the decommissioning of thewaste facility; the adherence to health and safety protocols; andavailability and use of safety equipment and protective clothing.

Excluding

wastecollection,


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


~


treatmentwaste

facilities

~



~



area~


47/244

Option 1 (A, B & C): Landfill-led strategy


48/244


Decommissioning Phase Option 0: Do Nothing strategy impactOption 1 (A, B & C): Landfill led strategy50% recycling and composting followed by


Mental health The decommissioning of existing landfills

and new collection, recycling andcomposting facilities is likely to give rise tosome nuisance effects for people livingclose to the site e.g. noise, dust, traffic andvisual impacts.Depending on whether a new facility isproposed on the site, the decommissioningprocess is likely to be seen in a positivelight.Waste facility workers are likely to havepsycho-social stress related to the closingof a waste facility if their contracts areended, they are not supported and/orcannot find alternative employment.

Excluding

wastecollection,


facilities.

+

The decommissioning of waste facilities is likely to give rise to

some nuisance effects for people living close to the site e.g.noise, dust, traffic and visual impacts.Depending on whether a new facility is proposed on the site, thedecommissioning process is likely to be seen in a positive light.Waste facility workers are likely to have psycho-social stressrelated to the closing of a waste facility if their contracts areended, they are not supported and/or cannot find alternativeemployment.

Excluding

wastecollection,


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


+


treatmentwaste

facilities

+



+

New residual

treatmentwaste facilityin an urban

area+


49/244



50/244


Decommissioning Phase Option 0: Do Nothing strategy impact 50% recycling and composting followed bylow levels of thermal treatment and then disposal to landfill

impact

Employment & economy If the decommissioning of existing landfills

and new collection, recycling andcomposting facilities involves existingwaste facility workers losing their jobs thenthis would be a negative impact on thoseworkers and the local area.The decommissioning may also affectbusinesses that supported the operation ofthe waste facility which in turn may lead towider job losses.Businesses may also be set up specificallyto deal with activities related to thedecommissioning of the waste facility..

Excluding

wastecollection,recycling andcomposting

facilities.

--

If the decommissioning involves existing waste facility workers

losing their jobs then this would be a negative impact on thoseworkers and the local area.The decommissioning may also affect businesses thatsupported the operation of the waste facility which in turn maylead to wider job losses.

Some decommissioning jobs may go to local people. This willdepend on the availability of skilled people in the locality.The major beneficial impact is likely to be on those with

construction/decommissioning skills and experience and thosewho are currently unemployed or under-employed.Businesses may also be set up specifically to deal with activitiesrelated to the decommissioning of the waste facility.

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


-


treatmentwaste

facilities

-/--



-/--

New residual


area-/--



51/244



impact

Housing and accommodation The decommissioning of existing landfills

and new collection, recycling andcomposting facilities is unlikely to affecthousing and accommodation in the localarea.

Excluding


facilities.

~

The decommissioning of a waste facility is unlikely to affect

housing and accommodation in the local area.

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


~


treatmentwaste

facilities

~



~

New residual


area~

D i i i Ph O i 0 D N hi iOption 1 (A, B & C): Landfill-led strategy

i


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impact

Transport and connectivity There is unlikely to be any direct effects on

peoples access to private and publictransport.There will be decommissioning traffic andthis will have some impact on themovement of private and public transportvehicles depending on the transport linksin the locality.The impacts will be similar to that in theoperation phase.

Depending what other development isplanned for the site heavy lorry traffic islikely to decrease.

Excluding


facilities.

-

There is unlikely to be any direct effects on peoples access to

private and public transport.There will be decommissioning traffic and this will have someimpact on the movement of private and public transport vehiclesdepending on the transport links in the locality.This traffic will replace the trips generated during the operationphase.The impacts will be similar to that in the operation phase.

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


-


treatmentwaste

facilities

-/--



-/--

New residual


area-

Decommissioning Phase Option 0: Do Nothing strateg impactOption 1 (A, B & C): Landfill-led strategy50% li d i f ll d b

impact


53/244



impact

Education and learning There is unlikely to be any disruption to

existing local schools.If the waste facility operators have linkedinto local colleges and training schemesthen this local job and learning opportunitywill disappearIf there are community facilities e.g.education rooms with computing facilitiesand low/free rent office space for localenvironmental groups then these would belost.

Excluding


facilities.

~/-

There is unlikely to be any disruption to existing local schools.

If the waste facility operators have linked into local colleges andtraining schemes then this local job and learning opportunity willdisappearIf there are community facilities e.g. education rooms withcomputing facilities and low/free rent office space for localenvironmental groups then these would be lost.

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


~/-


treatmentwaste

facilities

~/-/--



~/-/--

New residual


area~/-/--


impact


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impact

Crime and safety There is unlikely to be any increase in

crime because of the decommissioning ofexisting landfills and new collection,recycling and composting facilities.

Excluding


facilities.

~

There is unlikely to be any increase in crime because of the

decommissioning of the waste facilities.

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


~


treatmentwaste

facilities

~



~

New residual


area~


impact


55/244



impact

Health & social care services There may be some minor effects on local

health and social care services.Injured or unwell decommissioningworkers on site will use local hospitals andprimary care centres.

Excluding


facilities.

~

There may be some minor effects on local health and social

care services.Injured or unwell decommissioning workers on site will use localhospitals and primary care centres.

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste


~


treatmentwaste

facilities

~



~

New residual


area~


impact


56/244


g p g gy p 50% recycling and composting followed bylow levels of thermal treatment and then disposal to landfill

p

Shops and other retail

amenities

There is unlikely to be any impact during

the decommissioning phase but localshops and amenities afterdecommissioning will lose the passingtrade from waste facility workers.

Excluding


facilities.

~/ -

There is unlikely to be any impact during the decommissioning

phase but local shops and amenities after decommissioning willlose the passing trade from waste facility workers.

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste

facilities inthe region~/-


treatmentwaste

facilities

~/-



~/-

New residual


area~/-


impact


57/244


y g p g ylow levels of thermal treatment and then disposal to landfill

Social capital and cohesion The decommissioning of waste facilities

could have a positive impact on the socialcapital and cohesion of local residents inthe area if no other waste or industrialfacility was planned for the site. If anotherfacility was planned then it may havegreater negative impacts on social capitaland cohesion.See Option 1 issues.

Excluding


facilities.

+/++

The decommissioning of waste facilities could have a positive

impact on the social capital and cohesion of local residents inthe area if no other waste or industrial facility was planned forthe site. If another facility was planned then it may have greaternegative impacts on social capital and cohesion.This will depend on:The nature and level of consultation and involvement of localcommunities in the siting and planning process for a newresidual treatment waste facility.The type of facility: incinerators are likely to cause greaterconcern than pyrolysis, gasification and autoclave facilities.These in turn are likely to cause greater concern than MBT,anaerobic digestion and composting facilities. And these in turnare likely to cause greater concern than recycling facilities, civicamenities and transfer stations.The size of the facility, larger ones cause greater concern.There is a potential for a coordinated and systematic approachto identifying, planning and siting facilities to reduce concernsand reduce negative impacts and potentially enhance socialcohesion and social capital.

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste

facilities inthe region++


treatmentwaste

facilities

+/++



+/++

New residual


area+/++


impact


58/244


low levels of thermal treatment and then disposal to landfill

Culture and leisure Existing culture and leisure facilities are

unlikely to be affected by thedecommissioning of existing landfills andnew collection, recycling and compostingfacilities and associated traffic.Landfills may be turned into opengreenspace.

Excluding


facilities.

~/+

Existing culture and leisure facilities are unlikely to be affected

by the decommissioning of a waste facility and associatedtraffic.May lead to a reduction in childrens outdoor play asparents/guardians see local roads as more dangerous.The remediated waste site may be turned into opengreenspace.

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste

facilities inthe region~/+


treatmentwaste

facilities

~/+



~/+

New residual


area~/+


impact


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Lifestyle and daily routines There is likely to be some disruption of

movement due to the decommissioningtraffic.See Option 1 issues.

Excluding


facilities.

~/-

There is likely to be some disruption of movement due to the

decommissioning traffic.This will be dependent on the amount of decommissioning trafficand the days and hours of work for the decommissioning.This may cause physical severance for older people andchildren as local roads are, or are seen to be, dangerous anddifficult to cross.This will be dependent on how the decommissioning traffic ismanaged and the development of a route strategy for wastetraffic for each waste facility.

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste

facilities inthe region~/-


treatmentwaste

facilities

~/-



~/-

New residual


area~/-


l l l f h l d h di l l dfillimpact


60/244



Energy and waste See Option 1issues. Excluding


facilities.

~/+

This will depend on:

Whether waste from the site is reused and recycled.The amount of demolition and decommissioning waste sentelsewhere.How the soil and water on the site are remediated in and aroundthe site.Whether materials and equipment from the site can be reused,recycled or recovered.The types of decommissioning vehicles used.The energy and waste strategy developed for the

decommissioning phase of the waste facility.

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste

facilities inthe region~/+


treatmentwaste

facilities

~/+



~/+

New residual


area~/+


low levels of thermal treatment and then disposal to landfillimpact


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Land and spatial The remediation of the site during

decommissioning should ensure that thesite is free from significant contaminationand suitable for any use (with theexception of food production).

Excluding


facilities.

+

The remediation of the site during decommissioning should

ensure that the site is free from significant contamination andsuitable for any use (with the exception of food production)

Excluding


facilities.All the


treatmentwaste

facilities inthe region+


treatmentwaste

facilities

+



+

New residual


area+


62/244

Detailed HIA Analysis Tables OPTION 2 (A, B &C): Energy from Waste-led Strategy Page 60

Health impact matrix for the construction, operation and decommissioning phases ofOPTION 2 (A, B &C): Energy from Waste-led Strategy compared to OPTION 0: Do Nothing Strategy

Health impact matrix for the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of OPTION 2 (A, B &C):Energy from Waste-led Strategy compared to OPTION 0: Do Nothing Strategy


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Legend

+ positive health impact +++ major - - - - negative health impact ++ moderate - - ~ no identified health impact + minor -

Definition of the levels of potential impact

Significance Level Criteria

Severe ----

(negative only)

Only adverse effects are assigned this level of importance as they represent key factors in the decision-making process,and may threaten the viability of the project. These effects are generally, but not exclusively, associated with sites andfeatures of international, national or regional importance. A change at a regional or district scale site or feature may alsoenter this category. Typically, mitigation measures are unlikely to remove severe adverse effects.

Major +++/---


These effects are likely to be important considerations at a local or district scale. If adverse, potential concerns to theproject may become key factors in the decision-making process. Mitigation measures and detailed design work areunlikely to remove all of the adverse effects upon the affected communities or interests.

Moderate ++/--


These effects, if adverse, while important at a local scale, are unlikely to be key decision-making issues. Nevertheless,the cumulative effect of such issues may lead to an increase in the overall effects on a particular area or on a particularresource. They represent issues where effects will be experienced but mitigation measures and detailed design workmay ameliorate or enhance some of the consequences upon affected communities or interests. Some residual effectswill still arise.

Minor/Mild +/-


These effects may be raised as local issues but are unlikely to be of importance in the decision-making process.Nevertheless they are of relevance in enhancing the subsequent design of the project and the consideration of mitigationand enhancement measures.

Neutral/No Effect ~ No effect or effects which are beneath the level of perception or within normal bounds of variation.

Construction Phase (between 2-5 years for each facility) Only construction and associated activity impacts are assessed in this table.


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Construction Phase Option 0: Do Nothing strategy impact

Option 2 (A, B, C & D): Energy from Waste-led strategy

50% recycling and composting followed byhigh levels of thermal treatment and then disposal to landfill impact


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Construction Phase Option 0: Do Nothing strategy impactOption 2 (A, B, C & D): Energy from Waste-led strategy

50% recycling

Wales 3 Regional Waste Plans 1st Review HIA - Seperate Appendix of Detailed Analysis Tables - FINAL...

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