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Technology Transfer to China and South-East Asia:
How to Protect your IP
China & South-East Asia IPR SME Helpdesk
Patrice VIDON
European and French Patent & Trademark Attorney
VIDON IP Law Group (Europe – Asia)
Date: 18 May 2018
Welcome to the Webinar!
Mitchel SmoldersProject Officer
South-East Asia IPR SME Helpdesk
China IPR SME Helpdesk
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Name: Mr. Patrice Vidon
Firm: Vidon IP Group
Location: France
Email: [email protected]
Patrice Vidon, 58, MSc., LLM, MA (Economics & Management) is a European and French
Patent and Trademark Attorney having gained a rich practice of Intellectual Property
protection, licensing, management and enforcement in the P. R. of China and the
ASEAN, especially in relation to technology, patents of invention, know-how, R&D and
technology investment and transfer agreements.
He is a Founding and Managing Partner of Vidon IP Law Group (Europe - Asia), a 25 year
old network of more than 40 IP consultants, attorneys and lawyers in 8 offices, including
Paris and Shanghai. Patrice VIDON is a former President of the French Institute of
industrial Property Attorneys (CNPI) and of the European Committee of National
Institutes of Industrial Property Attorneys (CNIPA). Patrice Vidon practices from both the
European and Shanghai offices of VIDON IP Law Group (Europe - Asia).
Speaker’s Bio
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Agenda WHAT DOES TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER MEANS ?
WHY IPRs MATTER IN A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ?
KEY TERMS IN A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENT
SOME SPECIFICITIES PER JURISDICTION AND PER TYPE OF IP
PR of CHINA
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WHAT DOES TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER MEAN ?
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What Does Tech Transfer Mean? DEFINITIONS
TECH TRANSFER: A TYPE OF IP EXPLOITATION COVERING :- IP licensing (exclusive or non exclusive): however an exclusive licensee without
exclusive right of exploitation cannot prevent IP owner from exploiting by himself- Communication of know how: requires sophisticated agreements and procedures- Combined transfers: beware specific conditions for each component
A CODIFIED FORM OF ACQUIRING AND/OR LEVERAGING RESULTS OF R&D INVESTMENTSA written agreement where the owner (Transferor) allows a third party (Transferee) to
access and use its technology (protected or no by Intellectual Property, e.g. patents,trademarks, copyrights, designs) under specific conditions, in exchange of a paydown feeor other type of monetary compensation.
TECH TRANSFER LATO SENSU COVERS TWO MAIN DIFFERENT LEGAL SITUATIONS:- transfer of IP proprietary rights (such as patent, trademark, design rights of copyright,
..)- transfer of non proprietary rights such as know-how or trade secrets
-> legal mechanisms quite different in both instances ; combination possible
SPECIAL AGREEMENTS: Kown-how transfer - Franchising (licensing brand + business model) ; JV(e.g.: co-branding or R&D)
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Understanding your Benefits & Risks
TRANFEROR TRANSFEREE
BENEFITS
Receives cash and ROI on R&D efforts Neutralizes competitors by preventing them
from developping alternative technologies May securize and/or expand market by
uniformizing tech offer (network econ omy and/technologies
Accesses expertise local partner if reciprocity agreement (cross-licensing, ..)
Security of using and selling an established technology with a proven track record (« minimized risks »)
Access to new and innovative technology to gain competitive edge (higher quality products, especially relevant to SMEs without in-house R&D dept
Espansion of customer base Faster entry into new market
RISKS
If transferee becomes competitor/improver If inappropriate use damages transferor’s
reputation If insufficiently mature technology or transferee
involve transferor’s liability
If freedom of exploitation of transferred technology challenged
If technology is outdated If cost of transfer is too high If accompanying know-how is insufficient
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Poll I
Have you ever transferred or acquired technologies in China or South-East Asia?
A: Yes, in China
B: Yes, in China or South-East Asia
C: No
D: No, but I am planning to do so
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WHY IPRs MATTER IN A TECH TRANSFER ?
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Why IPRs matter in TT ?RELEVANT IPRS TO HIGH TECH INDUSTRIES
COPYRIGHT (work must be creative,
automatic protection, author’s life + 50
years)
PATENT (invention solving a technical
problem in a new and non-obvious manner
and capable of practical application,
granting 20-year monopoly)
DESIGN (new, original and recognizable
and/or aesthetical pattern or shape)
TRADEMARK (sign must be possible, valid
and available, 10 years indefinitively
renewable): names, logos or symbols used
to promote and sell the product in the
marketplace (e.g.: Apple )
TRADE SECRET (business information
that is not yet publicly known, has
commercial value, subject to appropriate
measures to maintain the secrecy,
protected as long as remains secret)
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Why IPRs matter in TT ?RELEVANT IPRS TO HIGH TECH INDUSTRIES
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PROTECTABLE IP NON PROTECTABLE IP
e.g.: patent of invention or design patent e.g.: know how or trade secret
IDENTIFY YOUR IP ASSETS
How many IP assets your company uses/owns and how valuable they are to your business (brands, logos, designs, technology, processes, patent, copyrights, trade secret, know-how etc.)?Identify the potential risks to your business that could result in costly legal proceedings with employees or third parties (e.g.: design belonging to employee, logo or technology already in use by others etc.).
PROTECT YOUR IP
• Conclude appropriate contracts with your staff and business partners (employment,R&D, manufacturing contracts, NDAs etc.)
• Educate your business partners and staff on the importance of IP• Check freedom of use (use free official searching tools for overall idea)
File applns early/ Prioritize key markets Properly maintain your rights in force by ensuring timely renewals
Secure or restrict access to confidential/sensitive information/tech./trade secrets
ENFORCE YOUR IPR
Monitor market for IPR infringementDetermine nature, scope and source of infringement by conducting market surveys and investigations before proceedings (collect evidence)Consider combining civil and criminal actionsApply for Customs recordalTry alternative strategies (warning letters, negotiations,
Monitor compliance to contractual undertakings
KEY TERMS IN A TECH TRANSFER AGREEMENT
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Key Terms in a License Agreement: Common Provisions
Key terms TIPS
Identification of the parties
Conduct a preliminary background check (financial status, shareholders, incorporation, court searches, ..)
Scope of transfer Identify nature and objectives of the transfer; specify whether obligation of means or obligation of results
Transfer process Specify details, steps ; identify responsabilities and key persons;
Transfer price amount; lump sum, royalties or mixed; payment terms and modes (
IPRs Trademarks, designs, patents, know-how, etc…
Liabilities Guarantee of performance ; compliance to laws ; freedom of use
Confidentiality and non competition
+ exclusive/non exclusive; improvements/grant back
Dispute settlement Applicable law; competent Court; Arbitration or Mediation Centre
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SOME SPECIFICITIES PER JURISDICTION
AND PER TYPE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
• Main issues to be crosschecked for each country/jurisdiction• The Case of the PRC• The Case of Thailand• Other ASEAN countries
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1/ STATUS OF APPLICABLE IP LAWS
2/ TYPE OF LEGAL SYSTEM (Civil Law; Common Law; mixed; …)
3/ RATIFICATION OF MAIN INTERNATIONAL IP TREATIES
4/ EXISTENCE OF SPECIFIC LAWS/REGIME AS TO IPR LICENSING (especially incase of technology control)
5/ LOCAL MANDATORY LEGISLATION AS TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION,COMPETENCE OF JURISDICTIONS AND RECOGNITION/EXEQUATUR OFFOREIGN COURT DECISIONS
Main Issues to be Crosschecked for Each Country/Jurisdiction
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Some Specificities per Jurisdiction and per Type of Intellectual Property
THE CASE OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
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CHINA: Top Country for IP Filing and Enforcement
Yearly applications for patents of invention
IPR civil cases filed in 2016
Source: PRC’s Supreme Court
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3 phases in adopting modern IP laws in the wake of the Open Door Policy (1978)
1° Technology control : 3 categories of licenses for importing/exporting technologies
2° Recordal of IPR transfersMake sure assignments of Chinese patents are approved and registered by the SAIC → Otherwise theforeign company has no right to the patent because the assignment contract is not formed. Broadlyspeaking, make sure you comply with China’s body of norms regarding import and export oftechnologies.
3° Beware contract provisions on technology improvementsProvide for separate compensation to Chinese partners for the grant-back of ownership rights in theimprovements → Otherwise the assignment clause may not be enforced by Chinese courts
4° Carefully select applicable Law and jurisidiction for conflict resolution•foreign venue for dispute resolution only if Chinese partners has local assets/operations
→ Otherwise enforcement of an arbitration award or court judgement in Chine can be difficult.
•in China, Courts in large cities (Beijing, Shanghai) may be more favorable to foreign litigators thansmaller Courts in smaller cities.•Arbitration: the Beijing China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) or theShanghai International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (SHIAC) should be considered
Potential Pitfalls in Licensing IP in China: Specific Applicable Laws
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Have you experienced issues with Tech Transfer operations in Chinaor South-East Asia?
A: Yes
B: No
C: I don’t know
Poll II
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H-Bahn is an unmanned automatically
operated suspended monorail system
commercialized by Siemens
(lines operated in two cities in Germany)
Since 2011 Siemens has been attempting to introduce the concept in various Chinese cities with the assistance of Air Train International Shanghai and the CIDI (China Int’l Design Institute)
CIDI (China Int’l Design Institute) in Shanghai offers to redesign technologies for adaptation to the Chinese market
H-Bahn Dortmund
H-BahnFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The H-Bahn ("Hängebahn", or "hanging
railway") in Dortmund and Düsseldorf is a
suspended, driverless passenger suspension
railway system. The system has been
developed by Siemens, who call the project
SIPEM (SIemens PEople Mover).
Two installations exist, one at the Dortmund
university campus, the other at the Düsseldorf
International Airport. While Siemens is no
longer actively marketing the system, and will
no longer carry out turnkey projects, new
installations are still possible in collaboration
with the Dortmund operating company.
Since 2011 Air Train International has been
marketing the system in China and as of May 2013 there are proposals to build lines in Shanghai and
Wenzhou. A number of other Chinese cities are also studying the system.[1][2]
Contents
1 Technical description
1.1 Suspension and propulsion
1.2 Cabin
1.3 Switching
2 History
2.1 Dortmund
2.2 Düsseldorf Airport
3 See also
4 External links
5 References
Technical description
The cabins are centrally controlled and don't need a driver. The system can operate on a schedule or
on-demand, whereby a passenger requests a carriage via the push of a button like with an elevator.
The maximum speed is 50 km/h. The system allows forking by a system of switches in the carrier.
Suspension and propulsion
H-Bahn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-Bahn
1 sur 5 13/02/2015 11:52
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Case Study I: German H-Bahn
Case Study II: Structuring “sliced” tech transfers
Some Specificities per Jurisdiction and per Type of Intellectual Property
ASEAN COUNTRIES
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ATTRACTION OF THE ASEAN REGION
AN ACTIVE ECONOMIC ZONE
ASEAN : +600 millions people
PIB x 3 in 10 years
Diversity in countries’ profiles
UE: ASEAN’s 2nd-largest trading
partner, after China.
- Largest source of FDI in 2014
(approx. 20% of total FDI in the
region).
- More than 10,000 European
companies operating in Southeast
Asia.
ASEAN: EU’s 3rd-largest
trading partner, after US and China.
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INTERNATIONAL TREATIES IN ASEAN
*Expected in 2018
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PITFALLS IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN SOUTH EAST ASIA
- Secure your IP assets
- Due Diligence and Negotiation Process
- The example of license agreement in Thailand
- Protecting and transferring non patentable know-how
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#2 – DUE DILIGENCE AND BUSINESS MODEL
• Find the right Partner: Strong market study, Identify the competences,
integrity, support needed, potential dependence. Do not pick a potential
competitor, anticipate possible future developments through contracts.
• Due Diligence: Identify/review all assets of potential partners including
IP (check if duly registered, verify the ownership, validity term,
expiration dates, potential disputes)
• Negotiate and sign a NDA agreement: Prevention is the key to
protection. It is crucial that the company understands how to maintain
and manage the secrecy of its valuable information by taking
appropriate measures. Clearly define a) which information is
confidential, scope, obligations, conditions of use and methods to
maintain the secrecy so there is no room to deny any violation or
infringement and b) which documents containing the above information
are subject to confidentiality. Determine to which extent the person is
exposed to sensitive information. Determine the legal consequences of
disclosing/using it without the company’s prior consent
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Technology Transfer
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THE CASE OF THAILAND
No specific legislation on licensing or tech transfer• Provisions included in IP laws (Trademark, Patent, Copyright, Trade Secrets) and laws governing
contracts (Civil and Commercial Code, Trade Competition Act, Unfair Contract Terms Act etc.).• Draft Franchise Business Act is still pending
Civil law country and “freedom of contract” jurisdiction:• Principle: freedom of the parties with limited interference of the Thai Courts.• Exceptions: unfair competition clauses, public policy or law violations. Clauses unfairly or
excessively restricting the rights of a party will be invalid (e.g.: a clause exonerating theLicensor in case of fraud or negligence will be void, Section 373 of CCC and Section 8 of UnfairContract Terms Act), importance of severability clauses.
Licensing or franchising can be a good choice for foreign SMEs (depending on sector ofactivity) given the current legal framework restricting foreigners from operating all retail, wholesaleand most of the service businesses (unless paid up capital is more than THB 100 million for majorityforeign-owned companies).
THAILAND IPR Licensing Landscape: General Overview
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THAILAND: Case Study
Facts: Defendant purchased the product (specific piece of a retaining wall system) from the Plaintiffand manufactured the same in Thailand without any prior authorization of US IPRowners/Licensors. Patent was registered in the USA. No application was filed in Thailand. Accordingto Section 38 of the Thai Patent Act B.E. 2522, a License can only be recorded once the Thai patentis registered.
Decision: Supreme Court Phuketcement Co., Ltd./J.R.M Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. andothers [No. 3094/2549 (2006)]:Since the patent was not registered in Thailand, recordal of the license agreement could not bemade. Consequently, the Plaintiff was not recognized as a Licensee and thus, did not qualify as aninterested party to bring the case before the Court and seek damages for patent infringement.
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Technology TransferWhat about non patentable know how?
THE CASE OF THAILAND
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THAILAND: Trade Secret protection: Considerable value for businesses if adequately protected!
TRADE SECRETS ACT B.E. 2545 AMENDED BY TRADE SECRET ACT (NO. 2) B.E. 2558 (2015)
Definition Transfer Infringement Remedies and Penalties
Section 3:
business information
(i) not yet publicly
known*,
(ii) possessing a
commercial value
derived from its
secrecy and
(iii) for which
appropriate
measures have been
taken to maintain the
secrecy
Section 5: May
stipulate any terms
and conditions for the
maintenance of the
secrecy. Shall be made
in writing. Shall be
deemed to cover a
period of 10 years if
no time period
specified in the
contract.
Section 6: Act of
disclosure,
deprivation or
usage of trade
secrets without
the consent of the
owner in a manner
contrary to honest
trade practices
(breach of contract
espionage,
infringement or
inducement to
infringe
confidentiality…)
Section 9: Conciliation or Mediation
Section 8: Petition to the Court for
interim or permanent injunction.
Section 11: destruction or confiscation of
materials, apparatus, tools or other
equipment used in the infringement of
trade secrets.
Section 13: actual damages, punitive
damages, lost profits…
Section 33: Unauthorized disclosure with
malicious intent to cause damage to the
trade secret controller’s business subject
to imprisonment which may not exceed
one year or a fine which may not exceed
200,000 Thai baht. Note: Burden of proof
on the Plaintiff (need to show clear
evidence of infringement).
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#1 – No registration with the DIP required in order to gain protection.No registration requirement either for the licensing of trade secrets.
#2 – Identify & Describe your trade secret:Anything that gives an advantage over your competitors. Determine early what the trade
secret is and why is it a trade secret.
#3 Physical protection policy:bank vault, locker, security system, internal policies such as using authorization system,
logins, passwords, placing confidentiality stamps on sensitive documents, employee
badges etc…
#4 Confidentiality policy:Determine who needs to know and to which extent, Create Awareness regarding the
sensitivity of the information and legal consequences of disclosing / using it without the
company’s prior consent, include confidentiality provisions in all the company’s
employment agreements, contract separate NDA with and Trade licensing Agreements
with business Partners.
Most of cases before the IP&IT Court dismissed due to the absence of
appropriate measures to maintain trade secrets.
THAILAND: How to protect your Trade Secret?
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THAILAND: Trade Secret Case Study
Facts: The plaintiff claimed that one of its employee had disclosed confidential information (namely
information related to the plaintiff company’s customers, quotations and provenance of its goods) in
breach of a non-disclosure clause which was duly included in the employment agreement.
However, the plaintiff was unable to demonstrate that appropriate and specific measures had been taken
to prevent its employees (whom are not usually connected to such information) from having access to
the documents containing the trade information.
Decision: Supreme Court Industial Heat Combustion Solutions Co., Ltd. and others./Mr. SomsakSukkasem and others [No. 10217/2553 (2010)]:The Court considered that a general non-disclosure clause included in an employment agreement
is not a measure appropriate enough to preserve the secrecy of the confidential information. The
plaintiff's claim was thus dismissed.
Industrial Heat Combustion Solutions Co., Ltd. and others
Plaintiffs
Mr. Somsak Sukkasem and others
Defendants
Take appropriate measures to maintain the confidentiality of the trade secret!
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TO DO list for European businesses in Asia
1.- Build a strong proactive IP policy at home and in the target countries
early priority filing of IPR and recording of KHs
2.- Pre-analyze
market study, IP surveys and due diligence
Understand specificities in target country (ex. : China high competition; prevalent public action; huge market, partners potentially too smart or too unprepared; patriotism..)
3.- Prepare negotiations
NDAs
build a strategy and a roadmap (be proactive)
4.- Strategic safe harbours and tight monitoring of partners
contract management (incl. R&D; employment contracts)
enforce
Take-Away Messages
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Q&A
Name: Mr. Patrice Vidon
Firm: Vidon IP Group
Location: France
Email: [email protected]
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