Waiting for Godot Gallery

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SENIOR SEMINAR PRESENTS A WAITING FOR GODOT GALLERY WALNUT HILL SCHOOL FOR THE ARTS 20122013

description

A collection of essays about Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot written by students in the Senior Seminar in Literature at Walnut Hill School for the Arts.

Transcript of Waiting for Godot Gallery

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S E N I O R   S E M I N A R   P R E S E N T S  

 

     A  WAIT ING   FOR  GODOT    GALLERY  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WALNUT  HILL  SCHOOL  FOR  THE  ARTS  2012-­‐2013    

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Introduction      ESTRAGON:  

   

 

Nothing  happens.  Nobody  comes,  nobody  goes.  It’s  awful.    

 Welcome  to  our  gallery  of  scenes  from  Samuel  Beckett’s  Waiting  for  Godot,  a  play  with  a  reputation  for  being  uneventful,  puzzling,  and  even  meaningless.  The  characters  themselves  even  seem  to  share  this  impression.  While  the  writings  in  this  collection  are  not  directly  aimed  at  dispelling  this  reputation,  they  do  illustrate  how  –  at  any  given  point  in  the  play  –  a  meaningful  human  moment  is  underway.  Each  piece  of  writing  in  this  collection  zooms  in  on  a  brief  excerpt  of  the  play  in  order  to  draw  out  the  essential  complications  and  meanings  within.  Welcome  to  our  guided  tour  through  this  troubled  landscape.    “Waiting  for  the  Point”  by  Mitchell  Osherovich    “Role-­‐Playing”  Marybeth  Dull    “(In)dependence”  by  Sarah  Tollman    “Complications  of  Communication”  by  Martha  Collins    “Never  to  Part”  by  Jiayi  Zheng    “An  Exercise  in  Careful  Thoughtlessness”  by  Samantha  Bottom-­‐Tanzer    “Antithesis  Filling  Absence”  by  Sophie  Pangle  

 by  Tess  Bissell    

“A  Well-­‐Intentioned  Path”  by  Dana  Vanderburgh    “Softly”  by  Gillian  O’Brien    “What  Are  We  Afraid  Of?”  by  Shelly  Pires    “The  Not  So  Serious  Suicide”  by  Zoey  Dunivin    

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 VLADIMIR:  ESTRAGON:  

   

VLADIMIR:  ESTRAGON:  VLADIMIR:  ESTRAGON:  VLADIMIR:  ESTRAGON:  

       

VLADIMIR:    

ESTRAGON:      

GOGO!  (restored  to  the  horror  of  his  situation).  I  was  asleep!  (Despairingly.)Why  will  you  never  let  me  sleep?  I  felt  lonely  I  had  a  dream.  Don’t  tell  me!  I  dreamt  that—  DON’T  TELL  ME!  (gesture  towards  the  universe).  This  one  is  enough  for  you?  (Silence.)  It’s  not  nice  of  you,  Didi.  Who  am  I  to  tell  my  private  nightmares  to  if  I  can’t  tell  them  to  you?  Let  them  remain  private.  You  know  I  can’t  bear  that.    (coldly).  There  are  times  when  I  wonder  if  it  wouldn’t  be  better  for  us  to  part.  

(6-­‐7)    

               Early  in  the  play,  Vladimir  and  Estragon  get  into  an  argument,  which  leads  Vladimir  to  storm  off  stage.  Estragon  tries  to  make  peace  with  Vladimir,  and  after  some  difficulty  and  stubborn  behavior  from  Vladimir,  succeeds  in  embracing  Vladimir-­‐  only  to  recoil  at  his  unpleasant  odor.  Then,  after  questioning  what  should  be  done  next,  the  two  contemplate  hanging  themselves  on  the  bough  of  the  tree.  This  idea  is  swiftly  shot  down  by  Estragon  who  indicates  that  the  science  behind  the  matter  proves  the  notion  impractical.  The  scene  ends  with  a  discussion  about  waiting  for  Godot  and  what  Godot’s  actions  and  intentions  may  be.  The  final  line  between  the  two  indicates  Estragon’s  doubts  about  their  current  situation  when  he  asks  if  the  pair  has  “given  up  their  rights.”  

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Waiting  for  the  Point  MITCHELL  OSHEROVICH  

 This  scene  presents  Vladimir  and  Estragon’s  relationship  very  plainly.  We  find  tensions  between  the  two  in  the  first  few  lines.  Right  off  the  bat,  Vladimir  rudely  awakens  Estragon  who  had  been  dozing  on  a  mound.  Estragon  complains  that  Vladimir  never  lets  him  sleep-­‐  Vladimir’s  response  is  that  it  is  due  to  his  loneliness.  Here  is  where  we  see  a  vulnerable  side  of  Vladimir.  Vladimir  usually  takes  on  the  role  of  the  protector  and  guide  in  the  whole  ordeal  of  waiting  for  Godot.  In  this  case,  he  reveals  that,  as  much  as  Estragon  needs  him,  he  needs  Estragon.  Didi’s  “I  got  lonely”  represents  his  human  need  for  companionship  –  which  he  finds  in  Gogo.  

On  Estragon’s  side  of  things-­‐  his  stage  directions  tell  all.  When  Estragon  awakens,  his  stage  directions  say,  “(restored  to  the  horror  of  his  situation).”  Then  he  asks  Vladimir  “(Despairingly)”  why  he  never  lets  him  sleep.  Estragon  also  remarks,  “(coldly),”  that  perhaps  it  would  be  better  for  the  two  to  part  as  well  as,  “(gestures  to  the  universe),”  preceding  his  line,  “This  on  is  enough  for  you?”  (referring  to  the  dream  of  life.)  All  these  stage  directions  show  that  Estragon  is  aware  of  his  abysmal  situation  and  wishes  to  escape  it.  He  gets  creative  in  how  to  do  so-­‐  he  suggests  sleeping,  dreaming,  and  even  at  one  point  hanging  himself.  

It  should  also  be  noted  that  Vladimir  refuses  to  hear  Estragon’s  dream,  as  if  he  is  afraid  of  the  content.  This  reveals  that  Vladimir  thinks  very  differently  of  the  two’s  state  of  perpetual  waiting.  While  he  may  not  see  it  any  more  positively  than  Estragon,  Vladimir  objects  to  distractions  and  escape  methods.  Estragon  proposes  he  tell  his  dream,  Vladimir  says  no.  Estragon  asks  for  a  story,  Vladimir  says  refuses.  This  is  a  consistent  pattern  in  the  scene  that  outlines  a  pillar  part  of  Vladimir’s  take  on  life.  Vladimir  is  focused  on  Godot  and  his  arrival;  Estragon  alternatively  is  more  preoccupied  with  passing  the  time  with  distractions.  

Gogo  and  Didi  function  as  a  pair.  Their  personalities  complement  as  well  as  clash  with  each  other’s.  Without  Estragon’s  quirky  voice  of  reason,  Vladimir  would  not  remain  as  grounded  and  stable  as  he  is  through  the  scene.  Alternately,  without  Vladimir  to  keep  him  focused,  Estragon  may  very  well  dream  his  life  away  in  distraction.  The  two  need  each  other,  as  is  apparent  in  Vladimir’s  expression  of  loneliness  and  in  Estragon’s  plea  for  an  embrace  from  Vladimir  in  the  scene.  This  scene  unpacks  each  character  through  stage  direction  and  through  the  text’s  meaning-­‐  allowing  us  to  see  how  the  two  function  together,  and  what  keeps  them  going  in  the  task  of  waiting  for  Godot.  

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 ESTRAGON:  

 VLADIMIR:  

 

There  are  times  when  I  wonder  if  it  wouldn’t  be  better  for  us  to  part.  You  wouldn’t  go  far.  

(8)    

                                         In  the  first  scene  of  the  play  Vladimir  and  Estragon  debate  whether  they  are  in  the  right  place  to  meet  Godot.  Estragon  does  not  appear  to  have  a  great  knowledge  of  who  Godot  is  or  why  they  are  waiting  for  him.  He  even  refers  to  him  as  “(Vladimir’s)  man.”  After  arguing  for  a  few  minutes  about  the  recognition  of  the  location,  and  the  possibility  of  Vladimir  having  remembered  the  incorrect  date  to  meet  with  him,  Estragon  becomes  frustrated  and  falls  asleep.  Vladimir  wakes  Estragon  up  from  the  nap  because  he  does  not  feel  comfortable  being  alone  and  awake.  Estragon  is  frustrated  with  the  fact  that  Vladimir  will  never  let  him  sleep,  and  once  awake  will  never  listen  to  his  dreams.  He  brings  up  the  idea  that  it  might  be  better  for  the  two  of  them  if  they  were  to  part,  which  Vladimir  quickly  refutes.    

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Role-­‐Playing  MARYBETH  DULL  

 Estragon  brings  up  the  idea  of  separating  from  Vladimir,  but  there  is  such  a  sense  of  security  within  their  relationship  that  this  idea  does  not  faze  Vladimir  in  the  slightest.  He  knows  that  even  if  Estragon  were  to  stray  from  him,  he  would  not  go  far,  because  they  need  each  other’s  company.  Estragon  and  Vladimir,  who  are  referred  to  by  one  another  by  the  repeated  syllable  nicknames,  “Gogo”  and  “Didi”  act  sometimes  like  best  friends,  occasionally  like  mother  and  child,  but  most  usually  resemble  brothers.  In  this  scene  Vladimir  seems  to  be  the  elder  brother  of  the  two.  He  is  fully  aware  that  Estragon  not  only  would  not  want  to  leave,  but  would  also  have  nowhere  to  go.  Vladimir’s  quick  retort  shows  that  he  and  Estragon  will  not  leave  one  another  stranded,  and  that  even  if  they  do  part  it  will  not  be  permanent  because  they  mutually  depend  on  each  other.  

Estragon  becomes  frustrated  when  his  only  partner  in  the  world  will  not  listen  to  his  nightmares.  He  says,  “It’s  not  nice  of  you,  Didi.  Who  am  I  to  tell  my  private  nightmares  to  if  I  can’t  tell  them  to  you?”  (8)  Estragon  cannot  unload  his  bad  thoughts  onto  another  person.  He  must  bear  the  weight  of  his  nightmares  himself,  which  sparks  him  to  say,  coldly,  “There  are  times  I  wonder  if  it  wouldn’t  be  better  for  us  to  part.”  The  icy  delivery  of  this  line  as  indicated  by  the  stage  direction  “(coldly)”  is  a  clear  indication  of  Estragon’s  annoyance  with  Vladimir.    

Vladimir  needs  Estragon’s  company  to  keep  him  sane.  When  Estragon  falls  asleep  on  the  mound,  Vladimir  tries  for  a  few  moments  to  exist  peacefully  by  himself  but  ends  up  awakening  Estragon  because  he  cannot  stand  to  be  alone.  Although  Estragon  is  the  person  who  is  frustrated,  and  Vladimir  is  the  one  who  cannot  stand  to  be  left  alone,  the  response  of  “you  wouldn’t  go  far”  defines  Vladimir  as  the  leader.  He  is  not  threatened  by  Estragon’s  tone  or  worried  that  they  will  actually  part  for  any  significant  amount  of  time.  

Estragon  does  not  know  Godot  or  where  and  when  they  are  supposed  to  meet  him,  so  because  Vladimir  has  the  information,  he  is  the  organizer.  However,  Estragon’s  comment  about  wanting  to  leave  shows  discontentedness  within  their  relationship.  Yes,  there  is  a  sense  of  security  and  a  silent  understanding  that  neither  of  them  would  ever  truly  part  from  the  other,  but  in  this  knowledge  there  is  also  the  feeling  of  being  trapped.  The  two  men  cannot  leave  one  another  because  they  have  nowhere  else  to  go,  and  no  one  else  with  whom  to  spend  their  time.  They  do  not  necessarily  enjoy  each  other’s  company,  but  depend  on  each  other  for  survival.    

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Estragon  and  Vladimir  spend  every  day  together  as  illustrated  by  their  argument  about  where  they  spent  the  previous  day.  They  cannot  remember  precisely  where  they  were,  but  they  know  for  a  fact  that  they  were  together.  Estragon  likes  his  solitude,  which  he  demonstrates  when  he  takes  frequent  naps,  but  Vladimir  depends  on  Estragon’s  presence  to  keep  him  company.  Estragon  can  handle  being  alone,  but  he  is  the  dim-­‐witted  one  of  the  two,  and  has  no  purpose  in  life  if  Didi  does  not  provide  one  for  him.  Neither  of  the  men  is  content  with  his  situation,  but  they  are  stuck  in  the  same  place  each  day  waiting  for  Godot.  They  wait  in  their  respective  roles:  Vladimir  as  the  ever-­‐hopeful  and  dependent  “older”  brother,  and  Estragon  as  the  independent  yet  clueless  “younger”  brother.  The  two  men  are  each  other’s  security  blanket.  They  are  attached  to  one  another  and  remain  attached  because  they  fear  the  unknown,  and  the  change  that  they  would  experience  being  separated.    

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 ESTRAGON:  

   

Use  your  intelligence,  can’t  you?    (9)  

                                                   This  quotation,  drawn  from  the  beginning  of  Act  1,  is  preceded  by  the  story  of  the  Englishman  in  the  brothel.  In  this  “scene,”  Estragon  and  Vladimir  contemplate  whether  or  not  they  should  hang  themselves.  While  weighing  their  options—to  hang  or  not  to  hang?—Estragon  tries  to  get  Vladimir  to,  as  the  quote  suggests,  use  his  intelligence.  Vladimir,  however,  insists  that  he  cannot—despite  his  efforts.  Next,  Vladimir  responds  to  Estragon’s  indefinite  approximations  about  what  the  pair  had  asked  Godot  for  (such  as  “a  kind  of  prayer”)  with  very  decisive  language  (such  as  “Precisely”).  Following  this,  the  pair  continues  to  discuss  their  role  in  relation  to  Godot.    

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(In)dependence  SARAH  TOLLMAN  

 Near  the  beginning  of  the  play,  Estragon  asks  Vladimir  to  “use  [his]  intelligence”  (9).  The  stage  directions—which  can  be  accepted  as  objective  fact—read  “Vladimir  uses  his  intelligence”.  He  then  comments,  “I  remain  in  the  dark.”  There  are  two  explanations  for  his  comment:  1.  He  has  no  intelligence,  or  2.  He  gives  up.    Either  way,  he  appears  to  be  futile  in  comparison  to  Estragon.  In  his  next  line,  Estragon  asks  Vladimir  the  same  question,  but  in  a  different  way:  “Use  your  head,  can’t  you?”  To  which  Vladimir  responds,  “You’re  my  only  hope”.  This  second  exchange  solidifies  the  notion  that  Vladimir  is  dependent  on  Estragon.  Furthermore,  Estragon  asks  that  second  question  “angrily”—according  to  the  objective  fact  of  stage  directions—indicating  that  he  is  not  content  to  have  Vladimir  be  so  reliant  on  him.  

Very  soon  after  this  interaction,  while  discussing  what  the  pair  had  asked  Godot  for,  Vladimir  shifts  his  views  to  those  of  Estragon,  regardless  of  their  indistinctness.  Their  conversation  reads:  

 Vladimir:  Oh…nothing  very  definite.  Estragon:  A  kind  of  prayer.  Vladimir:  Precisely.    Estragon:  A  vague  supplication.  Vladimir:  Exactly.    

          (10)    The  way  in  which  Vladimir  responds  to  the  indeterminate  language,  “kind  of”  and  “vague”  with  the  decisive  words,  “precisely”  and  “exactly”  implies  that  he  would  agree  with  what  Estragon  said  regardless  of  its  content.  Though  Vladimir  is  uncertain  when  it  comes  to  asserting  his  own  thoughts,  he  is  adamant  when  it  comes  to  asserting  Estragon’s.  This  implies  that  he  not  only  depends  on  Estragon,  but  follows  him  blindly.     Estragon,  on  the  other  hand,  appears  to  be  independent  from  Vladimir—or  at  least  would  like  to  appear  that  way.  The  line  previously  looked  at,  “use  your  head,  can’t  you?”  that  is  spoken  “angrily”  indicates  Estragon’s  resentment  towards  Vladimir’s  inability  to  be  self-­‐sufficient.  Directly  following  this,  Estragon  explains  “with  effort”  (another  example  of  his  distaste  for  Vladimir’s  lack  of  independence)  why  he  should  not  try  hanging  himself  first:  “Gogo  light—bough  not  break—Gogo  dead.  Didi  heavy—bough  break—Didi  alone.”  Estragon  is  

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supportive  of  Vladimir’s  (Didi’s)  desire  to  not  be  separated  from  him.  Though  Estragon  gives  the  appearance  of  independence  from  Vladimir,  he  defaults  to  the  belief  that  he  should  not  be  separated  from  Vladimir,  implying  that  for  him  it  is  subconsciously  and  unequivocally  true  that  the  pair  should  not  be  separated.  If  Estragon  truly  felt  independent  from  Vladimir,  he  would  not  care  if  Vladimir  were  left  alone.  Thus,  Vladimir  and  Estragon  are  interdependent,  but  the  nature  of  their  dependence  is  different;  Vladimir  is  overt  and  foolhardy,  and  Estragon  tries  to  be  inconspicuous.       However,  this  is  an  anomalous  instance.  For  the  vast  duration  of  the  play,  Estragon  is  more  overtly  dependent  on  Vladimir,  and  Vladimir  plays  more  of  a  caretaker’s  role.  For  example,  Vladimir  must  provide  sustenance  for  Estragon  after  he  childishly  proclaims,  “I’m  hungry!”(12)  Furthermore,  Estragon  is  depicted  as  reliant  on  Vladimir  when,  soon  after  the  two  converse  about  the  Macon  country,  Vladimir  states,  “you  always  come  crawling  back.”  When  their  typical  roles  are  reversed,  Estragon  becomes  angry  and  his  actions  are  effortful,  and  Vladimir  becomes  unintelligent.  That  said,  they  are  often  equally  dissatisfied  in  their  typical  roles.  The  only  difference  is  that  the  typical  roles  take  precedence  for  the  majority  of  the  play,  and  they  default  to  those  roles,  exemplifying  why  their  typical  roles  are  as  they  are—why  Vladimir  must  be  the  more  independent  of  the  two,  and  Estragon  the  more  dependent:  in  order  to  better  maintain  homeostasis  as  they  wait  together  for  extended  periods  of  time.  

 

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VLADIMIR:      You  want  to  get  rid  of  him?  

(23)                                                Vladimir  asks  Pozzo  why  Lucky  never  puts  down  Pozzo’s  bag  in  the  middle  of  Act  1.  Pozzo  prepares  to  answer  Vladimir’s  question,  but  after  spending  quite  some  time  demanding  everyone  to  look  at  him,  loses  his  train  of  thought.  Vladimir  and  Estragon  mime  their  question  and  Pozzo  responds  vaguely.  There  is  a  stream  of  dialogue  that  runs  down  the  page,  in  which  Pozzo  comes  up  with  various  answers  as  to  why  Lucky  never  lets  go  of  his  bags  and  Vladimir  repeats  the  question,  “You  want  to  get  rid  of  him?”  five  times.  At  the  bottom  of  the  page,  Vladimir  interjects  an  aberration  of  “You  want  to  get  rid  of  him?”  and  demands  “You  waagerrim?”  Only  then  does  Pozzo  recognize  the  fact  that  Vladimir  has  been  asking  him  a  question  and  responds  very  matter-­‐of-­‐factly,  “I  do”.  Only  then,  is  the  audience  given  a  straightforward  answer  that  is  not  questioned  later.

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 Complications  of  Communication  

MARTHA  COLLINS    

“You  waagerrim?”  Upon  first  glance,  “waagerrim”  seems  like  a  made  up  word  that  was  thrown  into  the  dialogue  to  further  confuse  and  disorient  the  audience.  “Waagerrim”,  when  looked  at  a  second  time—and  in  the  context  of  the  play—appears  to  be  an  anomaly  of  the  phrase  “You  want  to  get  rid  of  him?”  which  Vladimir  has  previously  repeated  five  times.  Until  this  slurred  phrase,  Pozzo  has  been  ignoring  Vladimirs  question.  The  repetition  of  the  question  was  not  enough  for  Pozzo  to  pay  attention  to  Vladimir.  It  was  instead  the  slurring  of  the  phrase  that  ultimately  caused  Pozzo  to  respond.  The  dialogue  that  trudges  its  way  down  the  page  of  this  scene  shows  the  effort  that  these  characters  must  put  forth  in  order  to  communicate  effectively  with  one  another.    

Pozzo  digresses  from  Vladimir’s  question  each  time  it  is  repeated:    

Pozzo:  …I’ll  give  up  the  idea  of  parting  with  him.  No,  that’s  not  exactly  it  either.  Vladimir:  You  want  to  get  rid  of  him?  Pozzo:  He  wants  to  cod  me,  but  he  wont.  

 This  excerpt  demonstrates  the  first  time  Pozzo  passes  over  Vladimir’s  inquiry.  There  is  no  recognition,  or  even  a  pause,  that  signifies  his  acknowledgement  towards  the  question.  Pozzo  is  instead  focused  on  trying  to  solve  the  problem  as  to  why  Lucky  never  puts  down  his  bags.  Later  down  the  page,  after  the  third  time  Vladimir  repeated  the  question,  Pozzo  asks  if  there  is  any  other  question  for  him  to  answer:      

Vladimir:  You  want  to  get  rid  of  him?  Pozzo:  He  imagines  that  when  I  see  him  indefatigable  I’ll  regret  my  decision…Well  that’s  what  I  think.  Anything  else?      

Pozzo  asking  the  question  if  there  is  “Anything  else”  emphasizes  the  miscommunication  between  the  two  characters.  Even  after  Pozzo’s  inquiry  and  Vladimir  response,  which  is  to  repeate  himself  for  a  fourth  time,  Pozzo  digresses,  and  continues  to  drag  on  the  subject  of  Lucky  carrying  the  bags.  The  frequent  repetition  of  the  question,  “You  want  to  get  rid  of  him?”  is  tiring  for  Vladimir.  A  sense  of  frustration  builds  each  time  the  question  is  asked  and  each  time  it  is  

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disregarded  by  Pozzo.  When  Vladimir  breaks  the  pattern  and  slurs  the  question,  his  weariness  of  Vladimir  becomes  evident,  as  if  his  exasperation  is  reflected  by  the  lack  of  articulation  he  puts  into  his  question.  As  if  he  can  only  muster  the  energy  to  sigh  the  word  “waagerrim.”        

Vladimir  must  endure  an  irritating  monologue-­‐esque  scene  (for  Pozzo)  in  order  for  his  question  to  be  finally  answered.  And  when  his  question  his  answered,  it  is  answered  precisely  and  directly.  Two  short  words,  “I  do”,  which  corresponds  to  his  question  both  simply  and  strongly.  The  wishy-­‐washiness  of  Pozzo  comes  to  an  abrupt  end  as  soon  as  he  listens  to  Vladimir’s  demand.  However  the  simplicity  of  the  answer  causes  one  to  question  why  Pozzo  could  not  have  said  it  earlier  on  in  the  play,  sparing  Vladimir—and  the  audience—  the  time  and  patience  it  took  him  to  repeat  himself  multiple  times.    

The  driving  force  of  the  dialogue’s  progression  is  Vladimir’s  repeated  question,  which  could  have  been  answered  easily  after  it  was  repeated  a  first  time.  Instead,  Vladimir  struggles  to  communicate  with  Pozzo,  and  only  until  this  exasperation  is  audible  does  Pozzo  respond.  Beckett,  by  purposely  slowing  down  the  play’s  momentum,  which  does  not  start  up  again  until  Vladimir  is  at  his  last  wit’s  end,  is  commenting  on  the  endeavor  these  characters—or  man—must  go  through  in  order  to  relay  information.      

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 VLADIMIR:  

 ESTRAGON:  

   

We  can  still  part,  if  you  think  it  would  be  better.    It’s  not  worthwhile  now.  Silence.  

(44)                                                  Toward  the  end  of  the  first  act,  a  boy  approaches  Vladimir  and  Estragon.  He  claims  to  be  the  messenger  of  Godot,  although  he  does  not  deliver  or  demonstrate  much  understanding  of  Godot.  When  the  boy  leaves,  it  is  suddenly  a  cold  evening.  Vladimir  tries  to  draw  Estragon  many  times  to  get  him  to  leave,  but  the  latter  intended  to  linger,  and  raised  the  doubt  that  if  the  two  men  should  continue  staying  with  one  another.  The  doubt  was  articulated  but  the  resolution  remained  unclear.  Finally,  after  Vladimir  and  Estragon  agree  each  other  to  leave,  the  act  finishes  with  stage  direction,  “They  do  not  move.”  

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Never  to  Part  JIAYI  ZHENG  

 Like  waiting,  to  pass  the  time  in  the  company  of  someone  else  is  passive.  But  making  the  decision  of  parting,  or  ending  such  a  companionship,  is  much  more  active.  It  requires  an  incentive,  which  justifies  the  resolution  of  one’s  creating  this  change.  By  handing  the  decision  to  Estragon,  Vladimir  refuses  to  make  this  move,  revealing  his  unwillingness  to  change  the  current  state  of  his  relationship  with  Estragon.  

Although  Vladimir  does  not  seem  happy  about  the  idea  of  parting,  he  does  come  up  with  a  reason  for  which  Estragon  may  want  to  part:  a  better  life.  Vladimir  decides  to  accept  Estragon’s  decision,  if  Estragon  is  determined  to  believe  that  the  separation  between  the  two  of  them  will  bring  a  positive  change  in  the  future.  To  be  “better”  is  vague.  The  biggest  dissatisfaction  that  we  as  audience  can  obtain  from  Vladimir  and  Estragon’s  exchanges  throughout  the  play  may  be  that  they  are  not  able  to  wait  for  the  entrance  of  Godot,  a  character  we  know  little  about.  To  improve  Vladimir  and  Estragon’s  situation  and  thus  make  it  “better”  may  be  to  have  Godot  appear  finally.  But  why  would  “parting”  help  with  this  outcome?  On  the  other  hand,  if  the  arrival  of  Godot  is  not  the  biggest  satisfaction  that  can  better  the  future  for  Estragon,  why  has  he  been  here  all  these  years,  waiting,  not  parting?  

Vladimir  did  not  ask  any  of  the  above  questions  to  Estragon.  He  simply  states  his  acceptance  with  ease,  showing  that  he  completely  understands  Estragon  if  Estragon  were  to  make  such  decisions.  But  no  matter  how  accepting  Vladimir  is,  it  is  apparent  that  he  does  not  believe  parting  will  be  “better.”  This  unwillingness  to  part  labels  him  as  accepting  of  the  endless  waiting.  

Earlier  in  this  act,  the  boy  who  claims  to  be  the  messenger  of  Godot  comes  with  little  to  no  information  of  Godot.  Our  expectation  of  being  a  messenger  is  broken.  The  boy  does  not  bring  with  him  the  message  that  Vladimir  and  Estragon  long  for,  but  he  himself,  being  a  result  of  their  waiting,  becomes  a  symbol  of  hope  for  them:  

 VLADIMIR:  I’ve  seen  you  before,  haven’t  I?  BOY:  I  don’t  know  sir.    

During  this  brief  exchange,  both  Vladimir  and  the  boy  are  unsure  if  they  have  seen  each  other  before,  refusing  to  trust  their  memories.  The  boy,  being  the  symbol  of  hope,  seems  desperate  himself.  He  does  not  have  a  reliable  memory  

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over  a  period  of  time.  So  are  Vladimir  and  Estragon,  who  have  waited  for  something  certain  to  come  for  years.  The  boy  demonstrates  little  help  and  thus  fails  to  put  an  end  to  Vladimir  and  Estragon’s  waiting.  Estragon,  now  desperate  too,  decides  to  accept  the  present.  He  remarks,  “It’s  not  worth  while  now,”  and  steps  back  from  being  determined  to  change.  It  is  not  worthwhile  to  part  anymore,  for  Estragon  has  given  up  the  hope  for  future,  acknowledging  that  the  best  the  two  of  them  can  do  is  to  wait  endlessly.  This  pessimistic  statement  is  followed  by  Vladimir’s  silence.  “Silence,”  the  brief  one  word  of  stage  direction  shows  Vladimir’s  unexpressed  emotions  toward  Estragon’s  response.  Suddenly,  they  realize  there  is  nothing  “better”  than  the  current  will  ever  happen  to  them.  They  are  forgotten,  almost  frozen  in  time,  where  similar  events  take  place  every  day.  Upon  their  surrender,  they  have  become  passive  and  powerless,  unable  to  reach  for  any  hope.  Will  it  be  better  if  they  part?  They  don’t  know  anymore.

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 VLADIMIR:  ESTRAGON:    VLADIMIR:  ESTRAGON:  VLADIMIR:  ESTRAGON:  VLADIMIR:  

When  you  seek  you  hear.  You  do.  That  prevents  you  from  finding.  It  does.  That  prevents  you  from  thinking.  You  think  all  the  same.  No  no,  impossible.  

 (54)                                      One  day  with  Estragon  and  Vladimir  has  passed,  and  Act  2  marks  the  dawning  of  a  second.  This  particular  selection  falls  at  the  beginning  of  Act  2,  yet  past  the  initial  few  pages,  which  recall  the  opening  of  Act  1.  Estragon  and  Vladimir  are  alone  and  build  on  each  other’s  statements.  Estragon,  the  more  passionate  contributor,  repeats  himself  often  in  his  replies  to  Vladimir.  There  are  regular  silences  (stage  directions,  [Silence.]  and  [Long  silence.])  yet  all  are  the  fault  of  Vladimir  who  doesn’t  continue  the  quick  dialogue.  However,  he  repeatedly  calls  on  Estragon  to  “say  something.”  Finally,  when  Vladimir  makes  a  plea  of  “Help  me!”  and  Estragon  doesn’t  respond  satisfactorily,  he  supplies  his  own  topic,  a  meandering  search  that  results  in  a  reference  to  the  act  of  thinking.  Estragon  rounds  off  the  dialogue  with  “That  wasn’t  such  a  bad  little  canter,”  and  the  men  move  on  to  their  next  topic.

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 An  Exercise  in  Careful  Thoughtlessness  

SAMANTHA  BOTTOM-­‐TANZER    According  to  Vladimir,  thinking  is  the  step  after  “finding”  which,  in  turn,  follows  “seeking.”  However,  can  this  small  progression  or  discovery  be  called  thinking?  The  scene  itself  is  sandwiched  between  two  of  Estragon’s  lines  which  strongly  suggest  that  none  of  the  dialogue  present  results  from  thought,  only  the  need  for  conversation.  Because  of  these  two  lines  and  the  strategic  bookending  of  the  scene  between  them,  the  “thought”  in  this  passage  holds  no  true  ring  of  independent,  viable  thought,  but  instead  is  only  meaningless  banter.                   During  the  sets  of  dialogue  that  precede  Vladimir’s  “thinking,  finding,  seeking”  wordplay,  Vladimir  repeats,  with  increasing  anguish,  “Say  something,”  “Say  anything  at  all,”  and  finally,  “Help  me!”  Eventually,  he  takes  it  upon  himself  to  carry  on  the  dialogue,  or,  if  considered  in  slightly  different  terms,  seek  another  topic  of  which  to  converse.  However,  he  doesn’t  get  far.  Estragon  is  quick  to  mock,  dramatizing  Vladimir’s  well  intentioned  comments  with  lines  such  as,  “That’s  the  idea,  let’s  contradict  each  other,”  and  “That’s  the  idea,  let’s  ask  each  other  questions.”                   On  a  grander  scale,  what  may  indeed  be  an  authentic  stab  at  thought  is  sandwiched  between  clear  suggestions  that  the  entire  scene  is  simply  an  exercise  in  passing  the  time.  Estragon’s  first  line  is,  “In  the  meantime,  let  us  try  and  converse  calmly  since  we  are  incapable  of  keeping  silent.”  Estragon  again  rounds  the  experience  off  with,  “That  wasn’t  such  a  bad  little  canter.”  “Incapable,”  or  “lacking  the  necessary  ability,  capacity,  or  power”  suggests  a  weakness  and  not  strength.  On  the  contrary,  thought  and  the  ability  to  exercise  coherent  thought  are  considered,  in  the  vast  majority  of  situations,  as  strengths.  Therefore,  if  Vladimir  and  Estragon  are  forced,  by  their  own  inability  to  keep  silent,  to  continue  the  conversation,  can  anything  that  takes  place  within  it  be  called  thought?                   Additionally,  Estragon  uses  the  word,  “canter,”  meaning  “an  easy  gallop,”  which  has  connotations  of  not  being  fully  serious.  It  is  different  from  galloping,  a  faster  paced  and  more  labor  intensive  gait.  Instead,  the  use  of  “canter”  gives  the  whole  dialogue  an  effortless  sort  of  sentiment,  free  from  the  heavy  seriousness  that  is  often  brought  on  by  true  thought.  In  many  ways,  even  the  rhythm  of  the  passage  itself  is  suggestive  of  “a  canter.”  Towards  the  beginning  of  the  scene,  Vladimir  and  Estragon  partake  in  simple  back  and  forth  banter.  “Like  leaves,  like  sand,  like  leaves,”  they  shoot  back  and  forth  at  each  other,  building  up  a  rhythm.  

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However,  where  the  passage  differs  in  pace  from  the  regular  pounding  gait  of  a  canter,  are  the  frequent  and  often  lengthy  pauses.                   Vladimir  is  always  the  culprit  in  the  making  of  these  recurring  pauses,  and  by  disrupting  the  rhythm  of  his  and  Estragon’s  wordplay,  he  is  insinuating  thought.  In  some  ways,  it  would  be  easier,  and  certainly  less  emotionally  taxing  for  Vladimir,  to  simply  continue  on  with  the  conversation,  obediently  returning  each  remark  from  Estragon.  The  fact  that  he  is  unable  to  respond,  or  simply  chooses  not  to,  is  indicative  of  two  points.  First  of  all,  it  seems  more  likely  that  Vladimir’s  responses  are  more  “thought  out”  than  those  of  Estragon.  The  deliberateness  that  follows  a  long  silence  suggests  this.  Secondly,  Vladimir  is  creating  an  anomaly.  By  disrupting  the  conversation  he  is  not  simply  playing  along  with  Estragon’s  initial  suggestion  of  “conversing  calmly  since  we  are  incapable  of  keeping  silent.”  Vladimir  is  instead  introducing  a  series  of  silences  into  their  conversation.  Does  this  mean  that  Vladimir’s  thought  is  indeed  valid  and  outside  of  the  parameters  of  the  superficiality  that  Estragon  has  set?                   While  Vladimir’s  silences  are  suggestive  of  thought,  in  the  end,  they  don’t  signify  the  act  of  thinking  any  more  than  Estragon’s  quick  repartee.  This  is  because  Vladimir  is  uncomfortable  with  his  silences.  He  begs  Estragon  for  help  and,  finally,  when  Estragon  can  add  no  aid,  Vladimir  opens  the  topic  of  thought  itself—but  not  for  the  sake  of  thinking.  Again,  the  root  of  the  reason  for  this  foray  into  thought  stems  from  Vladimir’s  inability  to  be  silent,  just  as  Estragon  proclaimed  in  his  first  line.  Thus  the  two  men,  while  brushing  on  the  topic  of  thought  itself,  don’t  engage  in  the  act  of  thinking.  

 

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ESTRAGON:    

   

VLADIMIR:      

We  don’t  manage  too  badly,  eh  Didi,  between  the  two  of  us?  ...We  always  find  something,  eh  Didi,  to  give  us  the  impression  we  exist?    (impatiently)  Yes,  yes,  we’re  magicians.  But  let  us  persevere  in  what  we  have  resolved,  before  we  forget.    

(59)                                  In  the  first  half  of  act  two,  before  Pozzo  and  Lucky  make  their  second  appearance,  Vladimir  begins  a  new  train  of  diversion  by  offering  a  radish  to  Estragon  (58).  This  exchange  over  the  available  vegetables  reveals  in  a  particularly  concrete  way  the  limited,  pitiable  stock  of  items  that  they  have  to  work  with  in  their  present  state.  The  two  men  then  take  up  a  few  other  activities  to  pass  the  time,  Vladimir  engaging  Estragon  and  himself  in  getting  a  pair  of  boots  onto  Estragon’s  feet,  and  Estragon  revealing  his  more  inactive  nature  by  attempting  to  take  a  restful  nap.  This  pattern  of  dispositions  towards  action  continues  as  Vladimir  takes  up  singing  and  agitated  pacing  to  pass  time  and  try  to  comfort  Estragon  while  Estragon  resists  this  activeness  and  expresses  his  preference  for  sleeping,  relating  his  dream,  and  sitting  still.    

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Antithesis  Filling  Absence  SOPHIE  PANGLE  

 Throughout  Samuel  Beckett’s  Waiting  for  Godot,  Vladimir  and  Estragon  base  their  lives  predominantly  on  waiting  for  something  absent  that  is  desired  and  anticipated,  and  because  of  this,  the  two  are  limited  to  a  very  diminished  substance  in  their  actual  present  lives.  Godot  and  his  absence  form  a  unending  pulse  through  the  two  men’s  lives,  a  yearning  so  persistent  that  it  seeps  even  to  the  edges  of  their  sleep  and  into  their  subconscious  emotions.  This  yearning  for  Godot  brings  about  an  equally  persistent  anticipation  for  the  freedom  to  leave  their  desolate  place  of  waiting,  and  the  two  men  bemoan  their  inability  to  leave  as  often  as  they  confront  the  absence  of  Godot.  This  prospect  of  leaving  their  waiting  place  after  their  wait  is  fulfilled  is  so  desired  that  Vladimir’s  allusion  to  it  calms  and  puts  Estragon  to  sleep  in  his  nap  on  the  mound.  Vladimir  sings  a  one-­‐word  song  here,  “Bye  bye  bye...”  which  has  the  double  meaning  of  being  crudely  related  to  the  lullaby,  “Rock-­‐a-­‐bye  baby,”  but  also  of  being  the  word  one  would  say  upon  leaving,  the  action  that  Vladimir  and  Estragon  can  never  take  because  of  their  wait  (60).  The  suggestion  of  waiting’s  end  seems  to  work  in  this  case  and  Estragon  falls  asleep,  only  to  be  awakened  by  the  frights  of  a  nightmare  that  Vladimir  calms  with  the  words,  “it’s  all  over”  (61).  This  phrase,  chosen  instead  of  one  like  “it  wasn’t  real”  that  would  draw  on  the  comforts  of  a  secure  real  world,  also  recalls  the  prospect  of  their  wait  being  fulfilled  and  drawn  to  an  end,  and  it  is  this  that  calms  Estragon  and  snaps  him  out  of  his  delirium.  This  absence,  so  permeating  that  even  the  suggestion  of  its  fulfillment  puts  the  mind  at  rest,  is  what  colors  the  two  men’s  bleak  surroundings.  Vladimir  displays  it  and  its  effects  quite  tangibly  at  the  beginning  of  this  scene  when  he  reveals  the  pathetically  deficient  supply  of  vegetables  available  to  them.  The  majority  of  the  scene  then  consists  in  a  display  of  the  two  men’s  attempts  to  work  their  way  through  this  emptiness  with  various  pastimes,  and  these  endeavors  highlight  their  opposite  ways  of  dealing  with  the  emptiness  of  their  present  existence,  reflecting  and  bringing  into  contrast  two  categories  of  dealing  with  the  depravation  of  meaningful  substance  and  action.     Examining  the  situation  of  Estragon’s  nap  alone,  we  see  Vladimir’s  unceasing  activity  and  Estragon’s  affinity  for  repose.  While  Vladimir’s  choice  remedy  for  both  the  cold  and  disturbed  dreams  is  pacing  back  and  forth,  Estragon  admits  that  he’d  “rather  be  stuck  there  doing  nothing”  than  engage  in  anything  that  tires  him  out  (61).  When  Estragon  embraces  the  inactivity  inherent  in  their  situation  and  tries  to  nap,  Vladimir  passes  time  compulsively  

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with  a  song  that  at  first  impedes  Estragon’s  sleep  rather  than  helping  it  with  the  song’s  volume.  It  often  appears  that  Vladimir  is  trying  desperately  to  ward  off  the  emptiness  of  their  lives  with  any  kind  of  action.  He  resists  Estragon’s  attempt  to  recount  his  dream,  an  attempt  that  begins  with  the  words,  “I  was  on  top  of  a—,”  quite  plausibly  intended  to  be  ended  with  “mound,”  the  thing  he  was  just  resting  on  top  of  during  his  nap  (61).  If  this  were  the  case,  the  nightmare  would  be  about  Estragon’s  real  life.  Even  if  this  was  not  quite  the  case,  can  one  imagine  Vladimir  calmly  listening  to  his  companion’s  dream?  The  investigation  of  dreams  usually  cuts  directly  to  our  subconscious  emotions,  to  a  hidden  awareness  of  our  purest  feelings  about  our  lives,  and  such  a  journey  could  only  lead  the  two  into  a  flood  of  the  overwhelming  emptiness  in  their  lives.       These  contrasting  methods  of  coping  with  the  emptiness  of  the  two  men’s  lives  are  summed  up  revealingly  in  the  most  overtly  philosophical  exchange  of  the  passage.  After  Vladimir  hits  on  another  source  of  time-­‐passing  in  trying  on  the  spare  boots,  Estragon  remarks,  “We  always  find  something,  eh  Didi,  to  give  us  the  impression  we  exist?,”  and  Vladimir  responds  in  the  usual  contradictory  manner  with,  “Yes,  yes  we’re  magicians.  But  let  us  persevere  in  what  we  have  resolved,  before  we  forget”  (59).  It  is  first  striking  here  that  Estragon  seems  content  with  the  mere  “impression  we  exist”  rather  than  something  that  creates  an  actually  meaningful  existence,  but  this  phrase  does  line  up  with  his  tendency  to  embrace  their  relatively  meaningless  existence.  One  only  makes  these  kinds  of  satirical  remarks,  poking  at  the  idea  that  a  mere  impression  of  existence  is  enough,  when  one  is  in  a  certain  way  resigned  to  one’s  situation.  It  reflects  a  certain  level  of  embracing  a  situation  when  one  tries  to  draw  amusement  from  a  degraded  condition.  On  the  other  hand,  Vladimir  in  his  response  has  the  flustered  insistence  of  someone  who  is  earnestly  fighting  the  doom  of  emptiness.  While  his  plan  to  bide  time  holds  no  attempt  to  achieve  anything  particularly  meaningful,  it  does  bear  an  active  attempt  to  avoid  the  peril  of  forgetful  inaction,  unlike  Estragon’s  diversions.       The  thing  that  Estragon  is  really  pointing  to,  though,  when  he  makes  this  existentialistic  reflection  on  their  condition,  is,  “We  don’t  manage  too  badly,  eh  Didi,  between  the  two  of  us?,”  indicating  that  between  these  two  methods  of  coping  with  such  a  deprived  and  empty  situation,  they  make  together  something  livable  and  perhaps  even  enjoyable  (59).  Out  of  their  quibbles  and  contrasting  extremes  arises  a  deep  and  ongoing  friendship,  an  ability  to  correct  and  curb  each  other’s  missteps  and  overdone  actions,  and  the  gift  for  each  of  using  the  other’s  tendencies  to  balance  his  own.  Estragon  could  never  make  his  cathartic  satirical  remark  on  their  situation  was  he  not  teasing  and  pushing  against  his  

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friend’s  single-­‐minded  drive  for  occupation,  and  Vladimir’s  plans  to  pass  time  could  only  lead  him  to  compulsive,  trivially-­‐consumed  madness  were  it  not  for  such  catharsis  from  Estragon.  Together,  the  two  men’s  dispositions  average  into  a  median  that  retains  a  range  of  perception  wider  than  any  that  could  be  achieved  in  one  man  alone.  For  without  the  other  to  balance  each  out,  one  could  never  devote  himself  so  fully  to  truthfully  dwelling  in  the  destitution  of  inaction  and  bareness,  and  the  other  could  never  fight  so  whole-­‐heartedly  the  crucial  battle  against  this  emptiness.    

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    Estragon  hands  Vladimir’s  hat  back  to  Vladimir  who  takes  it  and  hands  it  back  to  Estragon  who  takes  it  and  hands  it  back  to  Vladimir  who  takes  it  and  throws  it  down.  

 (62)                                            In  the  first  half  of  Act  II,  Vladimir  and  Estragon  turn  their  attention  from  root  vegetables  to  an  empty  pair  of  boots.  Together,  they  yank  the  boots  onto  Estragon’s  feet.  Estragon  sits  on  the  mound  to  try  to  fall  asleep.  He  resumes  his  fetal  posture  from  Act  I  while  Vladimir  sings  an  ominous  lullaby:  “Bye  bye  bye…”  Vladimir  paces.  Estragon  wakes  with  a  start  from  a  nightmare  about  falling.  He  says  “Let’s  go,”  but,  of  course,  they  are  waiting  for  Godot.  Vladimir  paces.  Estragon  despairs.  Vladimir  complains  about  Estragon’s  despair.  Estragon  says  “I’m  going”.  He  bids  Vladimir  farewell,  but  Vladimir  has  noticed  Lucky’s  hat  on  the  ground,  which  confirms  that  they  are  waiting  in  the  right  place.  He  hands  his  hat  to  Estragon,  puts  Lucky’s  on  his  own  head,  and  thus  begins  a  lengthy,  ritualistic  hat  passing  cycle,  culminating  in  Vladimir’s  question,  “How  does  it  fit  me?”  

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 TESS  BISSELL  

 “Estragon  takes  Vladimir’s  hat.  Vladimir  adjusts  Lucky’s  hat  on  his  head.  Estragon  puts  on  Vladimir’s  hat  in  place  of  his  own  which  he  hands  to  Vladimir.  Vladimir  takes  Estragon’s  hat…”  and  so  the  cycle  continues,  for  nearly  half  a  page.  This  cycle  is  formulaic:  ___  takes  ___’s  hat.  ___adjusts  ___’s  hat  on  his  head,  and  so  on.  It  is  polite,  maybe  even  fair:  everyone  gets  a  turn;  each  man  has  a  moment  to  adjust  his  hat  and  become  acquainted  with  it.  Passing  the  hat  demands  teamwork  from  both  Vladimir  and  Estragon  because  “passing”,  by  definition,  requires  more  than  one  party  (though,  if  any  play  included  someone  passing  a  hat  to  himself,  it  would  be  Waiting  for  Godot.)  Some  of  Gogo  and  Didi’s  conversations  reflect  this  same  teamwork,  formulism,  and  sense  of  etiquette:    

 Vladimir:  That’s  where  you  were  sitting  yesterday  evening.  Estragon:  If  I  could  only  sleep.    Vladimir:  Yesterday  you  slept.    Estragon:  I’ll  try.  

 Here,  Estragon  provides  a  quandary  and  Vladimir  offers  a  memory  that  

might  help  resolve  his  friend’s  problem.  Compared  to  other  passages  peppered  with  insults  like  “Spirochete!”  this  exchange  is  very  well-­‐mannered.  Each  man  has  an  equal  part  to  play;  things  seem  just.  It  is  a  predictable  world,  but  maybe  not  such  a  bad  place  to  be.  Then  again,  almost  any  circumstance  is  preferable  to  the  ditch  where  Estragon  was  beaten,  or  to  the  hypothetical  failed  (or  half-­‐failed)  double  suicide:  Gogo  dead,  Didi  alone.                   After  a  few  rounds  of  the  hat  cycle,  “Estragon  hands  Vladimir’s  hat  back  to  Vladimir  who  takes  it  and  hands  it  back  to  Estragon  who  takes  it  and  hands  it  back  to  Vladimir…”  Gogo  breaks  one  predictable  cycle,  only  to  begin  another.  This  cycle  moves  briskly  in  choppy  increments,  like  a  vertical  cascade  of  dialogue:           Estragon:  A  relaxation.  

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Vladimir:  A  recreation.                     Estragon:  A  relaxation.  

 The  main  question  of  this  cycle  is:  are  Gogo  and  Didi  collaborating  –  

modifying  the  other’s  words  –  for  optimal  precision?  In  this  case,  Estragon  is  genuinely  convinced  that  trying  on  the  boots  will  be  “a  relaxation”,  not  a  recreation;  by  repeating  himself,  he  strives  for  accuracy  and  correctness.  Or,  are  Gogo  and  Didi  at  odds  with  one  another?  In  that  case,  Estragon  petulantly  asserts  that  he,  and  only  he,  is  right.  To  translate  this  back  into  hats:  as  Gogo  and  Didi  pass  Vladimir’s  hat  between  them,  are  they  working  together,  trying  to  understand  or  achieve  something?  Or,  are  they  competing?  Perhaps  this  rapid  exchange  is  a  test  of  mental  endurance,  and  they  play  until  someone  forfeits.  

Just  as  the  rapid  rhythm  of  their  exchange  is  established,  “Vladimir  takes  it  [the  hat]  and  throws  it  down.”  Here,  the  stage  directions  end,  and  Vladimir  asks,  “How  does  it  fit  me?”  After  constructing  and  then  breaking  two  cycles  –  two  discrete  worlds  each  with  their  own  rules  and  puzzlements  –  the  two  men  stand  as  before:  Vladimir  wears  Lucky’s  hat  and  Estragon  wears  his  own.  They  are  still  waiting,  still  passing  the  time,  still  finding  things  to  give  them  the  impression  that  they  exist.    

If  nothing  changes  between  the  beginning  and  ending  of  the  lengthy,  hat-­‐related  stage  directions,  then  is  the  entire  hat  debacle  pointless?  What  would  Waiting  for  Godot  look  like  without  this  passage,  and  other  passages  like  it  –  those  that  seem  to  be  nonsensical  asides?  Near  the  end  of  Act  II,  Vladimir  offers  up  one  possible  answer:  “Tomorrow…what  shall  I  say  of  today?  That  with  Estragon…I  waited  for  Godot?  That  Pozzo  passed,  with  his  carrier,  and  that  he  spoke  to  us?  Probably.”  What  appear  to  be  interludes  or  babble  are  actually  the  meat  of  Waiting  for  Godot.  Without  the  gibberish  or  the  frenzied  hat  passing  or  Lucky’s  soliloquy,  the  play  would  be  a  plot  summary  –  though  a  short,  vague,  and  strange  one.      

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 POZZO:  

 One  day,  is  that  not  enough  for  you,  one  day  he  went  dumb,  one  day  I  went  blind,  one  day  we’ll  go  deaf,  one  day  we  were  born,  one  day  we  shall  die,  the  same  day,  the  same  second,  is  that  not  enough  for  you?  (Calmer.)  They  give  birth  astride  of  a  grave,  the  light  gleams  an  instant,  then  it’s  night  once  more.  

 (80)      

                                   Upon  Pozzo’s  re-­‐entry  into  the  play  in  act  two,  something  is  different  about  him  that  has  remained  a  mystery  up  until  now;  Pozzo  is  blind  and  can’t  remember  that  he  saw  Estragon  and  Vladimir  the  day  before.  All  three  men  quibble  back  and  forth  trying  to  determine  their  relationship  as  well  as  the  time  of  day  while  Lucky,  now  dumb,  is  suffering  on  the  ground.  Upon  Vladimir’s  and  Pozzo’s  urging,  Estragon  goes  to  help  Lucky,  but  instead,  beats  him  until  his  own  foot  is  hurt.  Still  unsure  of  the  status  of  their  relationship  and  with  no  reason  to  stay,  Pozzo  leaves  with  Lucky,  leaving  Estragon,  Vladimir  and  the  audience  with  a  philosophical  question:  what  is  time  when  life  is  nothing  but  fleeting  moment?  

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A  Well-­‐Intentioned  Path  DANA  VANDERBURGH  

 Though  Pozzo’s  sudden  blindness  is  shocking,  his  reaction  to  his  new  condition  is  even  more  so.  How  can  someone  become  blind  in  one  day  and  not  be  upset  by  it?  However,  Pozzo’s  pointed  question  at  the  end  of  the  scene  provides  a  lense  in  which  to  view  Pozzo’s  blasé  attitude;  he  is  living  life  in  the  moment.  However,  his  own  desire  to  determine  the  time  and  his  relationship  with  Estragon  and  Vladimir  contradicts  his  own  wisdom  which  suggests  Pozzo,  like  all  humans,  is  incapable  of  simply  living  in  the  moment.    

When  Pozzo  delivers  his  wisdom-­‐laced  tirade  at  the  end  of  the  scene,  he  helps  answer  the  question  that  arises  over  the  course  of  the  scene,  why  is  Pozzo  untroubled  about  being  blind?  Pozzo  is  “(suddenly  furious)”  after  being  subject  to  three  pages  of  questions  from  Vladimir  about  when,  how  and  why  Pozzo  went  blind  and  Lucky  went  dumb.  After  being  so  patient  throughout  the  conversation,  Pozzo  has  exploded;  he  can’t  take  another  question.  He  begins  his  speech  with  “have  you  not  done  tormenting  me”  which  shows  how  he  has  viewed  these  questions  as  painful  to  endure.  However,  he  is  not  rendered  upset  by  his  blindness.  This  is  because  when  Pozzo  finally  elaborates  on  his  blindness  in  response  to  Vladimir’s  questions  and  says,  “I  woke  up  one  day  as  blind  as  Fortune”  he  is  alluding  to  a  powerlessness  that  he  has  accepted,  as  shown  by  his  lack  of  complaints.  Fortune  connotes  the  idea  of  something  that  one  can’t  control  which  fits  the  action  of  suddenly  going  blind.  Pozzo  is  aware  of  his  blindness  but  is  more  aware  that  it  is  out  of  his  control  and  therefore  not  something  to  worry  about.  Also,  it  is  impossible  to  ignore  the  fact  that  fortune  is  most  often  used  to  describe  good  luck  and  wealth  which  suggests  that  he  has  found  his  blindness  to  be  something  other  than  this  awful  problem.  Instead,  he  is  upset  with  “your  accursed  time.  It’s  abominable!”  and  goes  on  to  ask  if  “one  day,  is  that  not  enough  for  you,  one  day  he  went  dumb,  one  day  I  went  blind...”  This  is  directly  pointed  towards  the  nature  of  Vladimir’s  questions  that  often  included,  “when”  and  “why”  and  demonstrates  that  Pozzo  is  not  fixated  upon  what  was,  only  upon  the  fact  that  he  is  blind  and  dislikes  those  who  dwell  on  the  circumstances  of  the  past.  Because  he  uses  the  “you”  so  frequently  in  this  monologue,  he  is  distancing  himself  from  what  he  believes  to  be  the  problem:  he  is  not  fixating  on  time  and  is  accusing  both  Vladimir  and  Estragon  of  doing  so.    

But,  in  all  of  Pozzo’s  conviction,  he  unknowingly  contradicts  his  previous  actions,  embodying  how  humans  need  to  establish  the  present  through  assessing  time.  Most  notably,  he  asks  several  times  “is  it  evening”  and  gets  so  fed  up  

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waiting  for  an  answer  that  he  asks,  “why  don’t  you  answer  me.”  He  is  not  trying  to  establish  the  circumstances  of  the  past,  but  by  so  desiring  to  figure  out  his  place  in  time,  he  is  no  different  from  Estragon  and  Vladimir  who  want  to  know  about  the  past  to  understand  the  present  situation.  This  need  to  understand  the  present  is  so  great  that  Pozzo  is  “(anguished):”  suffering  a  deep  physical  and  mental  pain.  Estragon  and  Vladimir  aren’t  described  as  such,  but  the  fact  that  Estragon  ends  up  hurt  because  of  Lucky  and  Vladimir  can’t  move  past  his  desire  to  understand  Pozzo’s  blindness  is  a  sort  of  anguish.  Both  are  consumed  by  something  that  is  preventing  them  from  enjoying  the  present.  Pozzo’s  contradicting  actions  and  beliefs  illustrate  that  it  is  impossible  for  humans  to  live  without  the  overwhelming  desire  to  understand  when,  where  and  why  we  are  where  we  are  at  any  given  point  in  time.  This  profound  sentiment  is  also  seen  when  Pozzo  and  Lucky  leave  right  after  Pozzo  finishes  railing  against  the  notion  of  time.  Instead  of  staying  to  face  the  present,  Pozzo  decides  to  continue  on  this  voyage,  one  without  an  apparent  destination,  where  he  will  also  be  in  limbo  and  unable  to  stop  and  enjoy  what  is  directly  around  him.  He  is  effectively  searching  for  the  joy  in  the  present  but  in  doing  so,  fails  to  realize  that  this  search  is  what  is  preventing  him  from  experiencing  the  present.  He  believes  that  humans  “give  birth  astride  a  grave”  and  that  life  is  “a  brief  instant”  he  is  wrong.  How  can  anyone  enjoy  the  many  years  of  life  believing  that  it  is  so  short  and  meaningless.  The  answer,  according  to  Waiting  for  Godot,  is  that  humans  can’t  and  therefore  waste  their  lives  wandering  along  this  well-­‐intentioned  path.                          

     

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VLADIMIR:      (Softly).  Has  he  a  beard,  Mr.  Godot?  

 (80)    

                                               In  this  scene,  Vladimir  and  Estragon  have  just  encountered  Pozzo  and  Lucky  for  the  second  time.  Vladimir  is  beginning  to  question  his  purpose  here,  and  how  much  longer  he  will  be  suspended…  waiting.  Eventually,  a  boy  comes  to  give  Vladimir  a  message.  Having  lived  through  this  just  yesterday,  Vladimir  already  knows  what  the  boy  will  say.  Mr.  Godot  cannot  come  today,  but  will  come  tomorrow,  for  sure.  Vladimir  begins  drilling  the  boy  on  what  Mr.  Godot  is  like,  what  he  does,  trying  to  make  some  sense  of  the  situation.  Among  these  questions  is  the  quote  above,  with  the  stage  direction  (softly)  falling  before  it.    

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Softly  GILLIAN  O’BRIEN  

 Softly  is  defined  as  “1.  In  a  quiet  voice  or  manner.  2.  With  a  gentle  or  slow  movement.”  Already,  with  two  definitions  at  our  feet,  the  question  is  raised,  “What  did  the  author  intend  with  this  direction  to  the  actor?”  Since  such  indications  are  very  rare  throughout  the  play,  the  words  that  follow  the  “(softly)”  are  made  all  the  more  important.  

The  text  surrounding  the  quote  consists  of  much  more  concrete  and  purposeful  questions  by  Vladimir  such  as:  But  Mr.  Godot  will  come  tomorrow?  You  didn’t  see  any  other  men?  You’re  sure  you  saw  us?  What  does  Mr.  Godot  do?  The  boy’s  hesitant  responses  to  Vladimir's  interrogation  show  that  Vladimir  has  a  strong,  aggressive  manner  in  this  scene,  and  is  frustrated  that  the  boy  is  not  giving  the  answers  he  wants  to  hear.  Vladimir  is  asking  these  questions  with  clear  intention.  He  is  trying  desperately  to  solve  the  puzzle  of  these  past  two  days.  But  this  question,  “Does  he  have  a  beard,  Mr.  Godot?”  along  with  the  stage  direction,  “softly”  seem  to  come  out  of  left  field.  It  shows  a  clear  change  of  pace  in  the  scene.                   So  how  should  the  actor  and  reader  interoperate  this  surprising  “softly,”  and  childlike  inquiry  about  Mr.  Godots  beard?  On  one  hand,  Vladimir  could  be  attempting  not  to  scare  the  boy  away.  The  boys  minimal  responses  of  “Yes  sir,”  and  “No  sir”  are  clearly  not  satisfying,  and  in  Vladimir's  perspective,  not  truthful,  either.  By  lowering  his  tone,  he  could  be  leveling  with  the  boy,  and  trying  to  draw  out  the  real  answers.  The  possibility  that  Vladimir  is  embarrassed  about  his  question  is  also  likely.  He  may  be  self-­‐conscious  that  the  boy  will  judge  his  random  question,  or  even  repeat  what  he  has  asked  to  Mr.  Godot  himself.  Or  maybe  Vladimir  is  having  a  personal,  internal  moment.  Maybe  he  has  had  many  conversations  with  Mr.  Godot  in  his  mind,  and  always  imagines  a  man  with  a  long,  white  beard.  Now,  he  wants  to  confirm  the  picture  in  his  head,  as  he  revisits  it  once  more  with  this  boy.                   All  of  these  explanations  are  possible,  and  may  be  simultaneously  true.  But  more  than  any  of  these  explanations,  the  most  important  is  the  idea  that  this  moment  shows  a  loss  of  strength.  This  question  is  the  only  one  that  doesn’t  serve  a  clear  purpose  in  the  search  to  make  sense  of  the  mysterious  Godot.  Vladimir  is  letting  his  guard  down  by  asking  a  question  that  serves  a  personal  interest.  His  faith  that  Godot  would  arrive  throughout  the  play  was  unmoving  and  unconditional.  Both  in  tone  and  speech,  though,  he  has  deflated  and  the  first  sense  of  doubt  begins  to  creep  in.  This  is  a  moment  in  which  Vladimir's  faith  

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changes,  and  he  suddenly  becomes  more  willing  to  dwell  in  the  possible  hopelessness  of  his  circumstance.  He  goes  from  waiting  for  the  future,  to  beginning  to  deal  and  come  to  terms  with  it.  Vladimir  has  finally  given  up.  Noticing  this  after  he  is  finished  asking  the  boy  about  Mr.  Godot’s  beard,  Vladimir  tries  to  regain  himself  and  his  strength  by  becoming  overly  aggressive,  and  nearly  loses  control  when  he  attempts  to  catch  the  boy  before  he  escapes  again.  He  is  shocked  at  himself  for  allowing  his  faith  to  become  compromised.      

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VLADIMIR:      You’re  sure  you  saw  me,  you  won’t  come  and  tell  me  to-­‐morrow  that  you  never  saw  me!  

(82)    

                                         At  the  end  of  Act  2,  Vladimir  converses  with  the  boy  who  came  to  tell  him  about  Mr.  Godot’s  postponement  of  their  appointment.  Throughout  this  exchange,  the  boy  only  gives  curt  ‘Yes  sir’s  or  ‘No  sir’s  in  response  to  Vladimir’s  questions.  Vladimir  asks  questions  that  confirm  the  fact  that  this  conversation  with  the  boy  is  a  repeat  of  yesterday’s,  and  yet  the  boy  doesn’t  remember.  When  ending  the  conversation,  he  hesitates  to  repeat  what  he  said  yesterday  (“tell  him  you  saw  me”),  but  ends  up  saying  it  just  the  same.  The  last  thing  he  says  is,  “You’re  sure  you  saw  me,  you  won’t  come  and  tell  me  to-­‐morrow  that  you  never  saw  me,”  which  scares  the  boy  away.

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 What  Are  We  Afraid  Of?  

SHELLY  PIRES    

When  the  boy  enters  in  Act  2,  Vladimir  has  just  finished  with  a  soliloquy  reflecting  on  his  fate  throughout  the  play.  It’s  striking  because  he  finally  points  out  the  fact  that  every  day  is  the  same  and  yet  he’s  not  sure  there’s  any  certain  meaning  behind  it  all.  The  fact  that  is  so  obvious  out  this  play  and  yet  causes  a  lot  of  awkward  foot-­‐shuffling  is  that  nothing  seems  to  happen,  and  here  he’s  just  brought  it  out  into  the  open.  In  this  sense,  he  functions  as  a  voice  for  the  audience.  After  a  moment  like  this,  it  only  makes  sense  that  some  kind  of  intense  change  would  happen,  right?  He  pointed  out  the  pattern,  so  now  the  pattern  should  be  broken.     And  yet,  the  boy  comes  onstage,  and  we’re  back  into  the  same  daily  routine.  Vladimir  comments  on  this  when  he  says,  “Off  we  go  again,”  but  he  doesn’t  argue—he  goes  along  with  it,  same  as  he  does  every  day.  In  this  sense,  it’s  as  if  Vladimir  is  resigning  himself  to  the  unchanging  nature  of  his  life.     But  Vladimir  breaks  the  pattern  slightly  by  asking  a  question  that  seems  off  topic—does  Godot  have  a  beard,  and  what  color  is  it?  The  stage  directions  state  that  this  line  should  be  read  softly,  distinguishing  it  from  all  the  other  lines  he’s  spoken  to  the  boy.  Dropping  his  volume  implies  he  is  being  more  sincere  with  the  boy,  and  less  confrontational;  it  also  lends  a  certain  importance  to  what  he’s  about  to  say,  different  from  all  the  other  regurgitated  lines  he’s  said  before.  And  yet  the  question  is,  “Does  Mr.  Godot  have  a  beard?”     This  is  the  beginning  of  Vladimir’s  final  attempt  to  pull  himself  out  of  the  routine  of  the  play.  While  he  seems  resigned  when  he  tells  the  boy  to  tell  Mr.  Godot  that  he  saw  Vladimir,  he  steps  forward  and  tries  one  more  time.  The  exclamation  point  at  the  end  of  this  quote  implies  a  raised  volume,  and  urgency  in  his  voice.  His  statement  implies,  “I’m  going  along  with  this,  but  I  don’t  want  to  repeat  this  again  tomorrow.”  Even  as  he  says  this  to  the  boy,  it’s  futile:  he  runs  off.  Vladimir  has  made  his  last  attempt,  but  he  knows  that  his  words  to  the  boy  probably  won’t  affect  the  routine;  he  will  come  back  tomorrow  and  say  he’s  never  seen  Vladimir.  And  even  though  Vladimir  knows  that  this  routine  will  play  itself  out  every  day,  himself  being  the  only  one  aware  of  it,  his  actions  toward  the  end  of  the  play  don’t  change.  In  fact,  the  end  of  Act  2  is  almost  exactly  the  same  as  the  end  of  Act  1.     The  big  question,  then,  is  why  does  he  resign  himself  to  this  change?  Are  we,  as  an  audience,  supposed  to  resign  ourselves  to  the  fact  that  Waiting  for  

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Godot  is  a  play  in  which  nothing  happens?  The  answer  is  on  the  next  page,  after  Estragon  asks,  “If  we  dropped  him?”  Vladimir  answers:  “He’d  punish  us.”  This  isn’t  a  fact  that’s  been  brought  up  in  the  play  before,  even  though  we  know  that  it’s  important  that  they  wait  for  Godot.  But  here,  Vladimir  makes  it  incredibly  simple:  he  waits  for  Godot  because  he  fears  punishment.  He’s  never  mentioned  this  before,  but  now  that  he’s  pointed  out  the  nature  of  his  waiting,  he  has  no  choice  but  to  answer  why  he  waits  in  the  first  place.  And  the  only  thing  greater  than  his  fear  of  going  through  the  same  thing  every  day  and  being  the  only  one  who  remembers  is  his  fear  of  punishment.    

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 ESTRAGON:  VLADIMIR:  

   

Why  don’t  we  hang  ourselves?  With  what?  

(83-­‐84)                                              Vladimir  wakes  Estragon  in  the  midst  of  dreaming  of  being  happy.  Estragon  feels  annoyed  by  his  disruption.  Estragon  says,  “lets  go”  to  Vladimir  but  different  from  the  first  time  (end  of  act  1)  when  practically  the  same  scene  occurred.  This  time  Estragon  realizes  without  Vladimir’s  help  that  they  can’t  leave  because  they  are  waiting  for  Godot.  While  Estragon  is  fumbling  around  with  his  boot,  Vladimir  reflects  on  what  occurred  during  this  day.  Afterwards,  the  boy  enters  and  Vladimir  asks  him  a  series  of  questions  quite  similar  to  their  initial  interaction,  though  this  time  Vladimir  expects  particular  responses  from  the  boy  even  though  in  the  end  it  is  a  different  boy  than  earlier.  The  boy  runs  away  when  Vladimir  approaches  him  more  closely.  Estragon  then  suggests  to  Vladimir  that  they  could  hang  themselves  even  they  do  not  have  the  materials  to  do  so.  Though  the  scene  ends  with  Vladimir  and  Estragon  deciding  to  leave,  they  do  not  move.

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 The  Not  So  Serious  Suicide  

ZOEY  DUNIVIN    For  Vladimir  and  Estragon  each  day  is  practically  the  same.  They  are  always  waiting  and  waiting  for  Godot  and  in  the  meantime  are  always  trying  to  find  ways  to  pass  the  time.  When  they  realize  that  Godot  is  not  coming,  they  wait,  hoping  for  his  arrival  the  next  day.  Essentially,  their  lives  are  meaningless  and  without  purpose  and  pleasure.  This  is  reflected  in  Estragon’s  angry  reaction  when  Vladimir  wakes  him  while  Estragon  was  dreaming  he  was  happy  (103).  If  there  lives  are  truly  so  miserable  why  don’t  they  just  end  them?  

The  anticipation  and  torture  drives  the  men  insane  to  the  point  of  desiring  suicide,  however,  when  Vladimir  and  Estragon  contemplate  suicide  they  do  not  think  about  in  realistic  terms.  The  two  men  do  not  have  a  plan  to  successfully  kill  themselves.  Estragon  suggests,  “Wait,  there’s  my  belt”  (108)  but  Vladimir  says,  “It’s  too  short”.  Their  discussion  of  trying  to  find  a  way  to  kill  themselves  is  ended  when  Estragon  and  Vladimir  decide  to  bring  a  “Good  bit  of  rope”  tomorrow.  For  Estragon  and  Vladimir  they  never  commit  to  something  in  that  moment.  It  is  always  “We  have  to  come  back  to-­‐morrow”  or  “But  he’ll  [Godot]  come  to-­‐morrow”(105).  

Vladimir  and  Estragon  are  both  characters  that  are  stuck.  They  cannot  live  life  fully  and  yet  they  are  also  unable  to  die.  They  desperately  want  to  leave  but  are  incapable  of  doing  so.  Even  after  they  decide  to  leave,  they  are  unable  to  because  they  continue  to  hold  the  hope  that  Godot  will  actually  appear.  It  is  as  though  they  believe  once  they  meet  Godot  the  two  men  will  feel  satisfied.  Instead  of  using  suicide  to  end  their  misery  they  use  it  as  a  way  to  distract  themselves  from  the  waiting.  They  are  simply  trying  to  make  the  time  pass  in  order  to  meet  Godot.  This  is  ironic  because  if  they  did  kill  themselves  it  would  end  the  waiting.  However,  even  when  they  state  they  are  going  to  kill  themselves  they  come  up  with  excuses  for  not  doing  so:  “It’s  [the  rope]  too  short”  (108)  and  “Then  [tomorrow]  we  can  bring  a  good  bit  of  rope”.  

If  Vladimir  and  Estragon  were  to  kill  themselves  it  would  prevent  them  from  meeting  Godot  which  is  ultimately  the  purpose  of  their  waiting  day  after  day.  Instead,  suicide  becomes  another  diversion  for  them.  If  they  were  to  successfully  commit  suicide,  this  would  relieve  them  of  the  boredom  of  waiting  and  end  their  lives  sooner.  Not  only  is  the  waiting  difficult  for  Estragon  and  Vladimir,  but  figuring  out  what  to  do  while  waiting  is  also  a  challenge.  Without  

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Godot’s  appearance  it  seems  as  though  both  of  the  men  have  no  meaning  to  their  days.  

The  scene  ends  with  Vladimir  saying  “Well?  Shall  we  go?”  and  Estragon  responds,  “Yes  lets  go”,  (109)  however,  neither  one  of  them  moves  and  the  cycle  continues.  Yet  again  they  are  unable  to  leave  because  there  is  always  the  promise  of  tomorrow  –  tomorrow  Mr.  Godot  will  come.  The  reason  Vladimir  and  Estragon  do  not  move  is  because  of  their  constant  desire  to  meet  Godot.  It  seems  as  though  the  men  have  a  fantasy  of  what  their  lives  will  become  when  they  meet  Godot.  Even  though  they  will  not  meet  him,  they  choose  to  keep  waiting  in  hopes  of  him  coming.  The  boy  who  is  Godot’s  “messenger”,  will  come  tomorrow  and  claim  never  to  have  seen  Vladimir  before  just  as  he  has,  probably  a  thousands  times  before.  Suicide  would  take  Estragon  and  Vladimir  out  of  their  misery  and  stop  their  endless  waiting  for  the  appearance  of  Godot.  While  they  realize  on  some  level  that  waiting  for  Godot  is  useless,  they  seem  merely  to  view  suicide  only  as  a  topic  of  conversation  to  make  the  time  go  by  faster,  rather  than  a  realistic  solution  to  their  struggle.