CHAPTER 1 -CHAPTER 1 -

Introduction and ReviewIntroduction and Review

All Are InterconnectedAll Are Interconnected

ORGANIC

CHEMISTRY

BIOCHEMISTRY

BIOINORGANIC

CHEMISTRY

ORGANIMETALLIC

CHEMISTRY

MATERIALS

SCIENCE

POLYMER

CHEMISTRY

TEXTILES

MEDICINAL

CHEMISTRY

NATURAL

PRODUCTS

Carbon can bond to itself and other Carbon can bond to itself and other elements to form long chains or ringselements to form long chains or rings

H

O

O H

O H

H

H

H

O H

H

O H

O H

C H3

H3

C

H3

C

HH

H O

C H3

C H3

H

C

O H

O

GlucoseCholesterol

Lauric Acid

Anthracene

C C HH

Acetylene

C

C C

O H

OH

H

Oleic Acid

Carbon can form different types of Carbon can form different types of bonds – single, double, triplebonds – single, double, triple

Shape is Everything!Shape is Everything!

The Essence of an AtomThe Essence of an Atom

A Planetary ModelA Planetary Model

Periodic TrendsPeriodic Trends1. Electronegativity1. Electronegativity

GeneralGeneralTrendsTrends

Periodic TrendsPeriodic Trends1. Electronegativity1. Electronegativity

Foundation of Classical ModelFoundation of Classical ModelAnd Valence Bond TheoryAnd Valence Bond Theory

Periodic TrendsPeriodic Trends2. Atomic Radii2. Atomic Radii

Periodic TrendsPeriodic Trends3. Ionization Energy3. Ionization Energy

Periodic TrendsPeriodic Trends3. Ionization Energy3. Ionization Energy

Blocks correspond to orbital types in which Blocks correspond to orbital types in which outermost Valence electrons are being filledoutermost Valence electrons are being filled

Shapes of Different Types of Shapes of Different Types of OrbitalsOrbitals

Spherical Boundary Surface Of Spherical Boundary Surface Of S-OrbitalsS-Orbitals

Cross section of 1s-orbitalCross section of 1s-orbital

Cross section of 2s-orbitalCross section of 2s-orbital

Cross Section of s-OrbitalsCross Section of s-Orbitals

Spherical Boundary Surface Of Spherical Boundary Surface Of p-Orbitalsp-Orbitals

Spherical Boundary Surface Of Spherical Boundary Surface Of p-Orbitalsp-Orbitals

Blocks correspond to orbital types in which Blocks correspond to orbital types in which outermost Valence electrons are being filledoutermost Valence electrons are being filled

Summary of Formal ChargesSummary of Formal Charges

Electrostatic Potential Map of Electrostatic Potential Map of the Carbonate Anionthe Carbonate Anion

Acids & Bases - Acids & Bases -

An Introduction To An Introduction To

Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions

A Lewis Acid-Base Reaction A Lewis Acid-Base Reaction

Acidity Increases Down Groups Acidity Increases Down Groups Of The Periodic TableOf The Periodic Table

Acidity Increases Across Periods Acidity Increases Across Periods

Acidity Increases Across Periods Acidity Increases Across Periods

Increases With Electronegativity of Increases With Electronegativity of Element Bearing Negative Charge Element Bearing Negative Charge

Summary Of Periodic Trends Summary Of Periodic Trends In Relative AcidityIn Relative Acidity

Potential Maps of EthanolPotential Maps of EthanolAnd TrifluoroethanolAnd Trifluoroethanol

A Typical Acid Base ReactionA Typical Acid Base Reaction

A Typical Acid Base ReactionA Typical Acid Base Reaction

A Typical Acid Base ReactionA Typical Acid Base Reaction