WtERT GERMANYWaste-to-Energy Research and Technology Councilhttp://www.wtert.eu

Introduction to WtERT Germany &Overview of WtE in GermanyDipl.-Ing. Michael Jakuttis

Athens, Greece21 April 2023

OUTLINE

WtERT Germany

WtE in Germany

Examples

OUTLINE

WtERT Germany

WtE in Germany

Examples

ORIGINS

1995Prof. Nickolas Themelis founded the Earth Engineering Center (EEC)

1996 – 2001EEC focus changes from material and resource management to waste management in the USA

2002EEC together with the International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), formed the WtERT Council

2009Prof. Martin Faulstich and Prof. Peter Quicker founded WtERT Germany, the German branch of the council

STAFF OF WtERT GERMANY

Scientific Leadership

Prof. Martin FaulstichProf. Peter Quicker

General Manager

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Jakuttis

Research assistant

Saša Malek M.Sc. Waste to Energy in Eastern Europe

Emmanuel Serna M.Sc. Waste to Energy in South America

BACKGROUND

WASTE DISPOSAL IS HISTORY

Today the accepted objective of every responsible waste economy strategy must be the use of waste as a resource.

Five-step waste hierarchy according to EU Directive 2008/98/EC

Avoidance before reuse before recycling before other recovery (including WtE) before disposal.

RESEARCH TOPICS

Thermal TreatmentRecovers the energy, and partly material too, by direct combustion.

Anaerobic TreatmentRecovers the energy and material by fermentating organic wastes to generate biogas.

Landfill Gas UtilizationWtERT is strictly against the creation of new landfills for untreated waste, however the methane emitted from current landfills must be used.

OUTLINE

WtERT Germany

WtE in Germany

Examples

MODERN HISTORY OFWtE IN GERMANY

1893First German waste incineration plant in Hamburg

1972Waste Disposal Act of 1972

1973World oil crisis

1980sDioxin scandal

1990Ordinance on Waste Incineration and Co-Incineration (17th BImSchV)

199651 WtE Plants (11 million tons/year)

June 1st 2005Disposal of untreated municipal waste terminated

Germany´s first Waste Incineration Plant in Hamburg1

Photo Sources:1) www.abfallberatung-unterfranken.de 2) www.lfu.bayern.de

State-of-the-art German WtE Plant in Nuremberg2

WASTE GENERATIONAND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Net waste quantity between 2000 and 2006 decreased by 16 %In the same period the German GDP rose by 6 %

Source: UBA

COUNTRY FACTS

MSW generated: 564 kg/person

Calorific value of waste incinerated in Germany around 10 MJ/kg

High recycling rate – 46%High incineration rate – 35%Very low landfill rate – 1%Biologically treated – 18%(no landfilling of untreated MSW)

73 WtE Plants (as of 2006)Capacity: ~ 18 million tons/year

66 MBT, MBS, MPS Plants (as of 2006)Capacity: ~ 7 million tons/year

Source: UBAWaste Incineration Plants

Physical, Mechanical and Biological Plants

EUROPEAN FACTS

Source: Eurostat News Release 31/2009

Half a ton of municipal waste generated per person in the EU27 in 2007.

OUTLINE

WtERT Germany

WtE in Germany

Examples

THERMAL TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

Source: Bilitewski

MUNICH WtE PLANT

Types of waste: Household waste, bulky waste, industrial waste, sewage sludge, energy recovery

Capacity: 653 273 tons/year (2009)

Combustion units: 4

Heating: Reciprocating grate

Electricity sales: 131,514,000 kWh/a

District heating output:744,772,000 kWh/a

Flue gas cleaning process:Spray dryer – ESP – 2-stage wet scrubber – Catalyst – Fabric Filter

Source: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt

WtE Plant Munich North

WASTE INCINERATIONPLANT IN COLOGNE

Types of waste:Household waste, bulky waste, industrial waste, sewage sludge, energy recovery

Capacity:740 702 tons/year (2008)

Combustion units: 4

Heating: Roller grate

Electricity sales:331,970,000 kWh/a

District heating output:137,501,000 kWh/a

Flue gas cleaning process:Spray dryer – Fabric filter – HCl-scrubber – SO2-scrubber – DENOX dioxin catalyst – coke filter

Source: www.afgkoeln.de

AVG Köln mbH

WtERT MEETING

What?WtERT Annual Meeting Europe

When?13-14 October 2010

Where?Brno, Czech Republic

Topics?- Waste Management in Eastern Europe- Politics, Society and Law- Technology: Status and Developments- and more

Programme available in our websitehttp://www.wtert.eu

Image: Melinda van den Brink

Brno, CZ

THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Please join our WtE Network Today!http://www.wtert.eu

WASTE LEGISLATION

Directives (e.g. 2008/98/EC, 1999/31/EC, 2000/76/EC)

Regulations (e.g. EC No 2150/2002)

EuropeanWaste Law

FederalWaste Law

Waste Law of the German States

MunicipalLaw

Recycling and Waste Act (KrW-/AbfG)

Regulations (e.g. Waste Storage Ordinance (AbfAblV) Technical guidances (e.g. TG Municipal Solid Waste (TA Si)

Laws

Regulations

Administrative regulations

Ordinances of public waste disposal authorities

AWM DRY FERMENTATION PLANT - MUNICH

Types of waste: Biowaste (Kitchen and Garden Waste)Capacity: 25,000 tons/yearCombined heat & power plant (CHP) electric output: 3 x 190 kilowatt (electric)Fermentation residues are processed into finished compost which is then returned to

the biomass cycle as valuable fertilizer (ca. 9,000 tons/year)

Advantages:• Simple technology• Low maintenance costs• Low process energy consumption• Low susceptibility to interfering substances (e.g. foils or woody or fibrous constituents)• Greatly reduced emission

Source: BEKON, AWM München

KIRCHSTOCKACH MULTI STAGE WET FERMENTATION PLANT

Types of waste: Biowaste with a high content of garden waste (>30%)Capacity: 30,000 tons/yearBiogas yield: 1.85 Million m³/year (Heating value ~ 22 – 25 MJ/m3)Combined heat & power plant (CHP) electric output: 2 x 310 kilowatt (electric)

Advantages:• Short retention time• High biogas yield• High methane content in biogas• Greatly reduced emission• Heat generated is used by houses nearby

Source: BTA