W. M. Keck Observatory

Keck Next Generation AO

Next Generation Adaptive OpticsNext Generation Adaptive Optics

Irvine MeetingIrvine Meeting

September 14, 2006September 14, 2006

P. WizinowichP. Wizinowich

for NGAO Executive Committeefor NGAO Executive Committee

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Welcome - ParticipantsWelcome - Participants

In-Person ParticipantsIn-Person Participants– NGAO Executive Committee: Rich Dekany, Don Gavel, NGAO Executive Committee: Rich Dekany, Don Gavel,

Claire Max, Peter WizinowichClaire Max, Peter Wizinowich– Sean Adkins, Aaron Barth, Antonin Bouchez, Andrea Sean Adkins, Aaron Barth, Antonin Bouchez, Andrea

Ghez, Mike Liu, Chris NeymanGhez, Mike Liu, Chris Neyman

Telecon Attendees:Telecon Attendees:– Brian Bauman, Matthew Britton, Jason Chin, Ralf Brian Bauman, Matthew Britton, Jason Chin, Ralf

Flicker, Bruce Macintosh, Franck Marchis, Knut Olsen, Flicker, Bruce Macintosh, Franck Marchis, Knut Olsen, Viswa VelurViswa Velur

– Unconfirmed – Richard Ellis, Erik Johansson, Stephan Unconfirmed – Richard Ellis, Erik Johansson, Stephan Kellner, James Larkin, Junichi Meguro, Chuck SteidelKellner, James Larkin, Junichi Meguro, Chuck Steidel

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Goals of Today’s MeetingGoals of Today’s Meeting

Finalize the System Engineering Management Finalize the System Engineering Management Plan for the NGAO system design phasePlan for the NGAO system design phase

Map out the science case requirements Map out the science case requirements development plandevelopment plan

Map out the performance budget development Map out the performance budget development planplan

The above 3 goals are part of the process of The above 3 goals are part of the process of identifying the path to a system designidentifying the path to a system design

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Meeting AgendaMeeting Agenda

08:20 Welcome (Wizinowich)08:20 Welcome (Wizinowich)

08:30 Project Management (Wizinowich)08:30 Project Management (Wizinowich)

11:00 Science Team Management (Max)11:00 Science Team Management (Max)

12:00 Lunch at Faculty Club12:00 Lunch at Faculty Club

13:00 Science Requirements & Performance 13:00 Science Requirements & Performance Budgets (All)Budgets (All)

16:30 Wrap up & Action Items16:30 Wrap up & Action Items

17:00 End17:00 End

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Meeting Agenda – Meeting Agenda – Science Requirements & Performance BudgetsScience Requirements & Performance Budgets

1:00 Introduction to Goals & Approach1:00 Introduction to Goals & Approach1:10 Plan to Develop System Requirements thru 1) Science 1:10 Plan to Develop System Requirements thru 1) Science

Cases & 2) Performance BudgetsCases & 2) Performance BudgetsSample Cases:Sample Cases:

1:45 Galactic Center & Astrometry Budget (Ghez, Wizinowich)1:45 Galactic Center & Astrometry Budget (Ghez, Wizinowich)2:15 Debris Disks & Binary Brown Dwarfs & Companion Sensitivity 2:15 Debris Disks & Binary Brown Dwarfs & Companion Sensitivity

Budget (Liu, Macintosh, Neyman)Budget (Liu, Macintosh, Neyman)

2:45 Break2:45 Break3:00 Crowded Fields &/or Resolved Stellar Populations & Photometry 3:00 Crowded Fields &/or Resolved Stellar Populations & Photometry

Budget (Max, Dekany) Budget (Max, Dekany) 3:30 High Redshift Universe & Encircled Energy Budget (Max)3:30 High Redshift Universe & Encircled Energy Budget (Max)

4:00 Simulations & Assumptions (Neyman)4:00 Simulations & Assumptions (Neyman)

W. M. Keck Observatory

Keck Next Generation AO

NGAO System Design Phase NGAO System Design Phase System Engineering Management PlanSystem Engineering Management Plan

P. WizinowichP. Wizinowich

for NGAO Executive Committeefor NGAO Executive Committee

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Presentation SequencePresentation Sequence

BackgroundBackground

System Design (SD) Phase System Design (SD) Phase

Review/discuss the System Engineering Review/discuss the System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) for the SD phase of the Management Plan (SEMP) for the SD phase of the NGAO projectNGAO project

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BackgroundBackground

NGAO ProposalNGAO Proposal– Presented at 6/21/06 SSC meetingPresented at 6/21/06 SSC meeting– Well received by SSC & Observatory managementWell received by SSC & Observatory management– CARA Board approved proceeding with the system design (SD) CARA Board approved proceeding with the system design (SD)

phasephase

NGAO Executive Committee (EC)NGAO Executive Committee (EC)– Established by Observatory Directors to manage the NGAO SD Established by Observatory Directors to manage the NGAO SD

phasephase– Peter Wizinowich (EC chair), Rich Dekany, Don Gavel, Claire Max Peter Wizinowich (EC chair), Rich Dekany, Don Gavel, Claire Max

(NGAO science team chair)(NGAO science team chair)

SD Phase System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP)SD Phase System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP)– Document describing how the EC plans to manage the SD phaseDocument describing how the EC plans to manage the SD phase– Will be submitted to the Observatory Directors on 9/29/06 for Will be submitted to the Observatory Directors on 9/29/06 for

approvalapproval

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System Design PhaseSystem Design Phase

Section 3.1 & 8 of SEMPSection 3.1 & 8 of SEMPInitial design phase (precedes the preliminary design phase)Initial design phase (precedes the preliminary design phase)““The principle objective of a system design is to establish a The principle objective of a system design is to establish a design approach that meets the scientific and user design approach that meets the scientific and user requirements established for the system. System design will requirements established for the system. System design will establish a discipline integrated engineering plan for the establish a discipline integrated engineering plan for the proposed design, understand the technical risks, explore proposed design, understand the technical risks, explore trade-offs, and determine estimates for performance and trade-offs, and determine estimates for performance and cost to completion.”cost to completion.”Key deliverables:Key deliverables:– System Requirements DocumentSystem Requirements Document– System Design Manual System Design Manual – System Engineering Management PlanSystem Engineering Management Plan– System Design ReportSystem Design Report

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Planning AssumptionsPlanning Assumptions

BudgetBudget– NGAO proposal estimated $980k for SD phaseNGAO proposal estimated $980k for SD phase– $600k currently available in WMKO FY07 budget (may change - $600k currently available in WMKO FY07 budget (may change -

NASA negotiating to buy 10 telescope nights/year in FY07-09)NASA negotiating to buy 10 telescope nights/year in FY07-09)– Conclusions:Conclusions:

No need to prepare funding proposals during SD phaseNo need to prepare funding proposals during SD phase

Can accelerate SD phase once we reach FY08Can accelerate SD phase once we reach FY08

Science InstrumentsScience Instruments– Will only be taken to a proposal levelWill only be taken to a proposal level– Necessary to understand impact on NGAO system design & to Necessary to understand impact on NGAO system design & to

provide a good starting point for instrument system designsprovide a good starting point for instrument system designs

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Planning ApproachPlanning Approach

Design process loopDesign process loop– Will begin anew & complete several iterations during SDWill begin anew & complete several iterations during SD

Science Requirements

Technical Implications

Initial Concept

Performance Assessment

Repeat as required while making improvements & balancing trade offs

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Work Flow ApproachWork Flow Approach

1.1. Initial focus will be on requirements & performance Initial focus will be on requirements & performance budgets to ensure we understand the largest levers on budgets to ensure we understand the largest levers on the designthe design

2.2. Break down the requirements into functional Break down the requirements into functional requirements on the major systems (AO, LGS facility, requirements on the major systems (AO, LGS facility, operations tools & science instruments)operations tools & science instruments)

3.3. In parallel with 1 & 2, perform trade studies to better In parallel with 1 & 2, perform trade studies to better understand the appropriate design choicesunderstand the appropriate design choices

4.4. Work on overall AO architecture & concepts for the Work on overall AO architecture & concepts for the major systems. Continue to iterate with the major systems. Continue to iterate with the requirements & performance budgets.requirements & performance budgets.

5.5. Work on cost estimates & the plans for the NGAO Work on cost estimates & the plans for the NGAO projectproject

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SD Phase - Work Breakdown StructureSD Phase - Work Breakdown Structure

Each major WBS produces one of the 4 major deliverables of Each major WBS produces one of the 4 major deliverables of the SD Phase:the SD Phase:

1 System Design Phase Management1 System Design Phase Management System Design ReportSystem Design Report

2 System Requirements2 System Requirements System Requirements DocumentSystem Requirements Document

3 System Design Approach3 System Design Approach System Design ManualSystem Design Manual

4 System Engineering Management Plan4 System Engineering Management Plan System Engineering Management PlanSystem Engineering Management Plan

WBS dictionary defines each element in WBS (section 9)WBS dictionary defines each element in WBS (section 9)

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WBS 1 SD Phase ManagementWBS 1 SD Phase Management

1.1 Planning & Contracting1.1 Planning & Contracting

1.2 Meetings 1.2 Meetings

1.3 Tracking & Reporting1.3 Tracking & Reporting

1.4 Funding Proposals1.4 Funding Proposals

1.5 System Design Report & Review1.5 System Design Report & Review

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SD SEMP Approved 10/9/06 Approval of this plan by the Directors. Initial SEMP version released to Directors for comment on 9/12 &

final version on 9/29/06.

SD phase contracts in place 10/27/06 Contracts issued to Caltech & UCSC for the system design phase.

System Requirements v1.0 Rel. 10/27/06 Initial release of System Requirements with emphasis on the science requirements

Individual Performance Budgets Released

2/16/07 First round of all performance budgets complete & documented

System Requirement v2.0 Release 3/9/07 Second release of System Requirements

Initial Risk Analysis Released 4/18/07 First round of project risk analysis complete & documented

Trade Studies Complete 6/16/07 All trade studies complete & documented

System Requirement v3.0 Release 6/29/07 Third release of System Requirements

System Design Manual v1.0 Release

8/31/07 First release of System Design Manual

System Design Manual v2.0 Rel. 10/31/07 Second release of System Design Manual

Cost Review Complete 12/12/07 Project cost estimates complete, documented & internally reviewed

SDR Package Distributed 1/15/08 SDR documents sent to reviewers

System Design Review 2/4/08 SDR meeting

SSC final SDR Report 4/3/08 Final SD phase report including results of SDR

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Milestone Milestone Milestone Milestone Milestone

14- Sep- 06 1 UCI Kickoff NGAO SD Plan Model/Tool ValidationSci. Case I

3- Nov- 06 2 CIT Performance Drivers Identify Perf. Drivers Var/Fixed LGS AstSRD I SRD I LGS Ast Geom & Sz

13- Dec- 06 3 Video Various TS's Obs. Effic. Budget Rayleigh RejectionSite Monitoring Update Tip/Tilt Stage v. DM

22- J an- 07 4 Keck Performance Budgets Continuous Sci. Field Photometric Budget Tel Wavefr Errors LOWFS Num & TypeOperations Arch. I Astrometric Budget HOWFS Num & Type

High- contrast BudgetPolarimetric BudgetThroughput Budget

7- Mar- 07 5 Video SRD II K- & L- band Science SRD II AM2 NGAO vs UpgradesVarious TS's GLAO for non- AO Optical Relay

18- Apr- 07 6 UCSC Various TS's d- IFU Opt Sampling Field Rotat. Strategy Focus Compens.Risk Analysis I Encl/Relay Temp.

30- May- 07 7 Video Software Review I Operations Tools I Laser Enclosure Software Architecture Slow WFSSRD IV Centroid Anisoplan

9- J ul- 07 8 UCSC 5- day Retreat SRD III Sci Path Opt Des I Non- real- time Softwr I HOWFS IMech Structure I LOWFS II

22- Aug- 07 9 Video Cost Review I Cost Estimate I Subsystem Test Plans Electronics I Real- time Control ISDM I

13- Sep- 07 10 CIT Infrastructure I Sci Path Opt Des IIMech Structure II

5- Nov- 07 11 Video Software Review II Operations Tools II SDM II Non- real- time Softwr II

12- Dec- 07 12 Keck 3- day Meeting Risk Analysis II Integr. & Test Plan I Electronics II HO WFS IICost Review II Cost Estimate II LO WFS II

9- J an- 08 13 Video SDR Preparation SDR Prep SDR Prep SDR Prep SDR Prep SDR PrepPrelim. Design Prop. SRD IV

4- Feb- 08 14 Keck SDR

4- Apr- 08 15 TBD Prelim. Design Kickoff Sci Path Opt Des III Real- time Control IIMech Structure III

SDR

Date # Venue Major Meeting Goal

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WBS 2 System RequirementsWBS 2 System Requirements

2.1 Science Requirements2.1 Science Requirements

2.2 Observatory Requirements2.2 Observatory Requirements

2.3 System Requirements Document2.3 System Requirements Document

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WBS 3 System Design ApproachWBS 3 System Design Approach

3.1 System Engineering 3.1 System Engineering

3.2 AO System3.2 AO System

3.3 Laser Facility3.3 Laser Facility

3.4 Operations Tools3.4 Operations Tools

3.5 Science Instruments3.5 Science Instruments

3.6 System Design Manual3.6 System Design Manual

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WBS 4 System Engineering Management PlanWBS 4 System Engineering Management Plan

4.1 Project Plan4.1 Project Plan

4.2 Risk Assessment & Management Plan4.2 Risk Assessment & Management Plan

4.3 Preliminary Design Phase Plan4.3 Preliminary Design Phase Plan

4.4 Integration & Test Plans4.4 Integration & Test Plans

4.5 Configuration Management Plan4.5 Configuration Management Plan

4.6 Project Management Plan4.6 Project Management Plan

4.7 System Engineering Management Plan4.7 System Engineering Management Plan

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W. M. Keck Observatory

Keck Next Generation AO

System Requirements Development:System Requirements Development:Science Requirements & Science Requirements &

Performance BudgetsPerformance Budgets

P. WizinowichP. Wizinowich

for NGAO Executive Committeefor NGAO Executive Committee

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Science Requirements & Performance BudgetsScience Requirements & Performance Budgets

The science & user requirements drive the performance The science & user requirements drive the performance budgets & hence the designbudgets & hence the designAs a 1As a 1stst step we want to identify the biggest terms in the step we want to identify the biggest terms in the performance budgets & the biggest levers on the designperformance budgets & the biggest levers on the designOur approach for each performance budget: Our approach for each performance budget: – Select the science case(s) that most drive the budgetSelect the science case(s) that most drive the budget– Develop the science requirements from the science caseDevelop the science requirements from the science case– Develop the elements of the performance budgetDevelop the elements of the performance budget– Validate models & assumptions that have a big impactValidate models & assumptions that have a big impact– Develop predictions from the budgets (i.e., PSFs, backgrounds, etc.)Develop predictions from the budgets (i.e., PSFs, backgrounds, etc.)– Use predictions to test whether science case needs achievedUse predictions to test whether science case needs achieved– Iterate until science case & performance budget achieved Iterate until science case & performance budget achieved

Good iteration on the wavefront error budget produced for Good iteration on the wavefront error budget produced for proposal. All other performance budgets need a 1proposal. All other performance budgets need a 1stst iteration. iteration.

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Example: Wavefront Error BudgetExample: Wavefront Error Budget

Science Case(typically under median

conditions)

AO mode

Seeing Field of View

(arcsec)

RMS Wavefront Error (nm)

NGS mag or Sky Coverage

at H-band

"Best-conditions" narrow-field 5 LGS Superior 2" 93 20%

Io 1 NGS Median 1" 125 mV = 5.5

Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) 5 LGS Median 2" 131 mH = 15.75

Galactic Center (GC) 5 LGS Median 10" 182 mH=8.8 (IRS7)

Field Galaxies (sky-average) 5 LGS Median 2" 173 + 6 mas 30%

Field Galaxies (d-IFU case) 5 LGS Median 2" 173+30 mas 90%

GOODS-N Field 5 LGS Median 2" 218+16 mas 20% of G-N

GOODS-N Field (d-IFU case) 5 LGS Median 2” H-band FWHM 50mas

75% of G-N

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Example: Wavefront Error Budget for KBO caseExample: Wavefront Error Budget for KBO case

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Science Requirements OverviewScience Requirements Overview

Image SNR

Phot error (mag)

Spec SNR

Spec Res ()

On-axis: mag

Off-axis:

sky %

Solar SystemMultiple Asteroidal Systems Main Belt multiples 0.7-2.4 3 V=7-17 100 100 0.05 - - V<17 - service observing TNO multiples 1.1-2.4 3 V=19-21 60 40 0.05 20 400 V<17 30 service observing Size & shape 0.7-2.4 2 V=7-17 300 100 0.1 - - V<17 - service observing Moonlet spectroscopy 0.7-2.4 2 V=7-17 ~85 100 0.1 20 400 V<17 -Giant Planet Satellites Titan surface & atmosphere 0.83-2.4 2 V=8 1 200 0.05 100 1000 V=8 - Io volcanism 0.7-5.3 3 V=5 1 200 0.05 100 1000 V=5 any service observing - thermal IR

GalacticGalactic Center Dynamics Astrometry 1.5-2.4 10 K=18 1 tbd 0.02 - - H=8.8 - Astrometry: 10 mas Radial Velocities 1.5-2.4 1 K=18 1 tbd - 100 4K/15K H=8.8 -Debris Disks 0.7-3.8 <20 (H)<20 50 20 0.02 20 100 V=4-20 - High contrast; PSF knowledgeDirect Imaging of Planets Around VLM stars & brown dwarfs 0.9-3.8 2 J=13-25 300 20 0.05 20 100 H<15 30 High contrast Around very young stars 0.9-3.8 2 J=13-25 300 20 0.05 20 100 R<19 30 High contrastProtostars Circumstellar Environment 0.6-13 <30 I=9-24 200 30 0.03 50 3K - 30 Polarimetry Outflow kinematics 0.6-2.2 <30 I=9-24 50 - - 50 20K - 30

ExtragalacticAGNs & Supermassive BHs BH mass determinations 0.8-2.4 10 R=16 50 - - 30 5K - 30 AGN/QSO host galaxies 0.8-2.4 10 K=20 200 20 0.05 30 >3K - 30 Some Multiplexed spectroscopyHigh-z Field Galaxies 0.7-2.4 >120 K=22 1000s 20 0.05 20 >3.5K - 30 Multiplexed spectroscopyGravitational Lensing Cluster lensing 0.9-2.4 >60 H=24 200 5 0.1-0.2 20 >3K - 30 Multiplexed spectroscopy Galaxy-galaxy lensing 0.9-2.4 4 H=24 50 5 0.1-0.2 20 >3K - 30

Critical performance metrics:

Created/edited by PW w/ input from FM & RD 3/13/06

Edited by PW w/ input from TSIS 3/14/06

Edited by PW w/ input from ML & CM 3/17/06

Incorporated CfAO retreat input 3/31/06

Incorporated ML input 4/14/06

Incorporated CM & FM input 4/17/06

Incorporated CM & TSIS retreat input 4/19/06

Incorporated FM input 5/8/06

Incorporated FM & AG input 5/15/06

Simplified table by FM & ML 6/13/06

Further simplifications by ML 6/13/06

Science Case (m)FOV (")

Mag limit

Tiptilt stars

Special Reqs

Imaging# of

Targs

Spectroscopy

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Science Requirements OverviewScience Requirements Overview

Optical Near-IR Thermal-NIRnarrow field,

modest Strehlnarrow field, high Strehl

narrow field, v.high Strehl

Solar System Key Yes Yes Maybe -

Galactic Yes Key Maybe Key -

Extragalactic Key Key - Yes Key

Parameter Space of Possible AO Systems

High Contrast

Wide-Field, Multi-Object

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Science Requirements OverviewScience Requirements Overview

Prioritized List of Science Instruments

Solar System Galactic Extragalactic

1. VIS Cam 1. NIR Cam + coronagraph 1. d-IFU-NIR: R~3000

2. NIR Cam 2. IFU-NIR: R~100, 3000 2. NIR Cam

3. IFU-NIR: R~400-1000 3. VIS Cam 3. IFU-VIS: R~5000

4. Thermal NIR Cam 4. Thermal NIR Cam 4. VIS Cam

5. IFU-VIS: R~400-1000 5. IFU-VIS: R~100, 3000 5. Thermal NIR Cam

6. d-IFU-NIR 6. d-IFU-NIR

W. M. Keck Observatory

Keck Next Generation AO

Astrometry Performance BudgetAstrometry Performance Budget

P. WizinowichP. Wizinowich

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Current Keck AO Astrometry PerformanceCurrent Keck AO Astrometry Performance

Galactic Center – 250 Galactic Center – 250 arcsec arcsec with NIRC2 (Ghez)with NIRC2 (Ghez)

< 20 < 20 arcsec spectro-astrometry arcsec spectro-astrometry precision with NIRC2 (Ireland)precision with NIRC2 (Ireland)

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Predicted Keck InterferometerPredicted Keck InterferometerAstrometry PerformanceAstrometry Performance

Differential Interferometric Differential Interferometric AstrometryAstrometry– Angle = OPD/BaselineAngle = OPD/Baseline– Assumptions: IRS7 for Assumptions: IRS7 for

phase referencing, K=16 phase referencing, K=16 science object, 20 min science object, 20 min integrationintegration

Goals:Goals:– 100 100 arcsec for arcsec for

exoplanetsexoplanets– 30 30 arcsec for Galactic arcsec for Galactic

CenterCenter

PTI demo:PTI demo:– 10 10 arcsec for <4arcsec for <4thth mag mag

binaries separated by binaries separated by 1”1”

Error Term RMS error (µas)

Atmosphere - turbulence 9.72

Atmosphere - dispersion 8.51

Baseline - noise 6.59

Baseline - solution 2.31

Metrology - sampling 4.85

Metrology - alignment 5.10

Metrology - laser stability 1.46

Metrology - thermal 6.07

Fringe detection - non-linearities 8.49

Photon noise - reference target 0.09

Photon noise - science target 5.58

Total rms error = 20.18

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AO Astrometry Performance BudgetAO Astrometry Performance Budget

As a starting pointAs a starting point

What other terms What other terms should be should be considered?considered?

What is needed for What is needed for the Galactic Center?the Galactic Center?

Error Term RMS error (µas)

Atmosphere - turbulence

Atmosphere - dispersion

AO distortion

Camera distortion

Centroiding

Photon noise - reference target

Photon noise - science target

Total rms error =