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vdufjwB;,D@/ qkrf;wDjekdifjeBh qfgUvuf;yldiftrjoAifiOfj (nufhc'OdxD) omrf

wlOfrldefuef/ qldifheifb u c i q o p tvj qfgUwlOf u vlif (u

o.if+ifj) yAefwlOftwbiOfjtrjoAifiOfj rdlefuefwif;qAwf;cdlOf;/

qkrf;wDjo.if

(1) vdufjwB;eldOf (vdufjwB;rmOf;)? (2) vdufjwB;vlif/ qkrf;wDjo.if


eBhauMj qfgUvuf;yldiftrjoAifiOfj (nufhc'OdxD) omrfwlOf omrfwlOf eifbuOfb/

qldifheifb u c i q o p qldifheB/ u.B;uM@ qfgUwlOf u n.efb (u +ifjvAOf)

yAefwlOftwbiOfjtrjoAifiOfj rldefuefwif;o.ifcdlOf;/ (nrfbrD; u vlif rldef

qkrf;wDjekdifj/)

qkrf;wDjomrf

(1) vdufjwB;,lef; tvj vdufjwB;cdkef? wB;vdkOfh? wB;vFrf;? (2)

vdufjxB;? (3) vdufjwB;olifh? (4) vdufjwB;vrf? (5) vdufjwB;cmOf/ qkrf;wDjomrf

eBh qfgUvuf;yldiftrjoAifiOfj (nufhc'OdxD) [MjwlOf [MjwlOf rldefvdufjyMbvd

tvj vdufjoufhuw/ qldifheifb u c u C r? r r r r r (wif;vdufjcrAef? r.ef; tvj rmef@auMj rldefuefqldifheB/) ,Ofh nOfwlOf u vlif (u o.if+ifj) yAefwlOftwbiOfjtrjoAifiOfj rdlefuefwif;rlwf;/

qkrf;wDjoDb

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uFOf)/ qkrf;wDjoDbeBhorfh qfgUvuf;yldiftrjoAifiOfj (nufhc'OdxD) qldifhqkrf;

wDjomrf [MjwlOf [MjwlOf u c u C r? r r r r r eifbuOfb/

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qfgUwlOf u vlif (u o.if+ifj) qldifheifbqkrf;wDjomrf/

uMjyAefvdufjvmB;qldOfhcldOf;wB;[Of;efg;vkrfjZMU 18-19 oFef; (nef

wkdufho.ufjclefh[M[ef) eBh ayM;nOfq.rf;+B;ydkef;OMjqkdif aw[efOMj vdufjwB;

edlOf udlwfbrD;n.efwmif;ydlefj (wDjeBj vdufjwB;xlOfbi.ufj tvj wB;edlOf eyfh

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vlifrldOfjymefuAif;OD)/


acMjvlyf;vkdef;

efg;ydkef;rldif;wB; tvj ydkef;cdlOf;wB; nefcdlOf;oFefwFrfj (1996)

eefh vBj[efyM;OMj rdlOfjyD cUoU 1416 ymefqOfjcrf;umBbZMUoFefODauMj

vBjn.efueftr;wlOfvdufjwB;rM;y.ufjekdifjeB/ nefcMj[Of;zljvAyfj[Aef;ydkef;

vdufjwB; nrfb[efq.rf;twh yAefw.efjydkef;vdufjwB; nefcdlOf;oFefwFrfjOBh

eefh,Ofh/ efg;w.efjeefh cdlOf;oFefwFrfjOMj vdufjwB;eBh yAefckefzdefbeu'dwf@

rldif;[email protected] yAefzljclif[Awf;n.ufb? rldOfjeefh yAefvdufjwB;wlOfvmOfj nrfbeef

wlOfvdufjoefou'dwf@/ vdufjwB;wlOfvmOfjeBh ,dlifjnOf ([Aef;yldifnOf) wlOf

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vdufjwB;[Of;nrfbrM;qldifheef? vdufj,lef;vdufjxB; tvj vdufjvmOf; rM;

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trjvdufjwB; orfhvBj[efyM;rD;efg;vuf;oOf[defymefc.rf r.ef; crAef efg;rldif;

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r.ef;? rldef,lef; xB;cOfauMj yAefvBj,lbZmBbekdifj,Ofh/

{jayM;o.ufjclefh[MvBj ydkef;vdufjwB; (wB;rmOf;? wB;vlif) awMbiOfj

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r[Mrkifh (rldif;tq@)

zkdefndif-

(1) ulef;wB;efg;rldif;tcb (ZmBbwB;)

-qmif@ulif;qdifb/ 1987

(2) ydke;fwB;w.ef@umif (ZmBbwB;)

-qOfj,efbZMU/ 1942

(3) ydkef;vmOf; (ZmBbxB;)

-r[MbodvM; OD;'Olif;/ 1996

(4) zfgyAefqOfjzdkefvdefeBh

wDjtrjerfhqOfjzsK; tvj wDjokOef;ezkrf; (ZmBbxB;)

-xufhodef ndef;x,lOf;xM;/ 1991

(5) vdufjoOf[def rdlif;YoDxAyfh

r.ufjrdlOfjyDc'dwfh=Ofymufb 7 +yfj

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nefrD;n.efwmif;ymefokclOfxB; (ZmBbxB;)

-OedwM@ zdvAwfbzlif;oM/ 1995


vgif;bmyf,zdkwf,nefvdufjwB;vBjxlyf;,lbOef;rldOfjeBh

rmBo.if

vdufjwB;ugmrf;wB;

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eBtvj nefvdufjwB;[Of; vBjxlyf;wmif;,myfb,lbOef;rldOfjeBhtwh yAefacMj

ugmrf;nefqfgUwdkOf;eefh,Ofh/ y.ufjeBhtwh cfgj,.ef;vmwfjte v.ifjoAif,uf;

ckdefj (-@) eefhndwf;ekdifj/ oAif,uf;ckdefjeBh urfjyMjerf yAefoAifnefyDj

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qldifheifb- rmefj-rmef@? [Bj-[B@? ulj-ul@ qldOf;eBh/

u.B;eMb yDje.ifhwB; qldOf;nefnrfb,lboOf; wDjxkifhrmOf;? nrfb,lb

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ufbvBj/ wMbarMn.ufboAifeefhauMj awvBjzkduf;nOfawhawhOMjOMj,Ofh/

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NARGIS


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rMbvMbauMj vBjvlUq.rf;/ rldOfjvAOf vlrf;vFifheMbudwfh zAOfjyFwfjrlwf;,Ofj/

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rM; qldOf;eBh u.yfjydlOfj-

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n.ufbZB; erfwdlOf;rM;? eeftvj Co2 efg;vlrf; erfrM;? eeftvj

vlrf;eldOfvkrfjZMU rBjwdlOf;rM;? eeftvj erfhvkyfbauMj erfrM;?

vlrf;vFifhauMj [Fif;wdlOf;rM; OMjeB/ (u.yfjeB awvBj[MvmB; ,.rf;

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xFrfudefyef Co2 ,.rf;ugMbtvj Co2 efg;vkrfjZMU erfwdlOf;rM;?

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erfwdlOf;rM;? v.B,mwfberfwldOf;rM; OMjeB/ (u.yfjeB awvBj,.rf;

,MUxldefbao zkufbwlefjrBhyef OMjeB/)

(3) ulef; udefedlOfh erfwdlOf;rM;tvj ulef;vAifhwlOfowf;auMj erfwldOf;

rM;/ ayM;wlOfowf; nefvAifhnOfeBh erfwdlOf;rM;auMj rD@QAif;

(CH4) nefn.ufbwDjowf;auMj erfwldOf;rM;/ rD@QAif; eBhauMj

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erfwldOf;rM;? eBhauMj xFifj{j Co2 wldOf;rM;xFifj? eeftvj vlrf;

vkrfjZMU rBjwldOf;rM;/ vlrf;vFifh? erfhvkyfb erfwdlOf;rM; OMjeB/

(ulef;[Of; awvBj,.rf;udefeldOfh OMjeB/)

rldif;tcbrM;vlif;xkef; wMbZB;ZMU wDjxkifhrmOf;? erfhcrf;/ rmef@

awvBj 20% ? tcb awvBj 80 %? wMb 35 yD? OmB;eBh awvBjyefcdkef;rldif;rmef@


rlwf;rlwf; OMjeB/ ulef;qldOf;,lbqrf=if;ZB;ZMU orfhnrfbvBjqfgUZB;ZMUeB

nrfbvDx.rfb nrfbvDwlpf;/ wMbtcbauMj nrfbrD;oa'bvD/ rldif;tcborfh

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erfhqdkrf;? erfh+ifj aw[FifjuMj[dkOf/ tcb rM;vlif;xkef; wMbqfgUwkdOf; 35 yD

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,Ofj/ q.BjOlefhvmBzmBbaourf;/ q.Bjt[hwyfh ,Mb{jxldefbvlUyif;aourf;/ tcb

qdlOf;rM;[Awf; =if;ZB;ZMU? [Awf;,Ofh vBjidkef;,Ofh nrfbwef;OlefhwMb 35 yD/

{jrD;tcb nefOlefh,mOf;vldOf 35 yDaourf;/

Dr. qmB;omifbnmBj


acMjydkwfb

=idef; ,Mb{jwMvBj[ef? e.ef;zef ,Mb{jwlOfvBjxlyf; nefOMj

eefh awyAefaz;vlrf;vFifhzD[kifvlif qldifheifbeM@udofheBh,Ofh[kdOf/ eM@udofh

eBh yAefacMjugmrf;zMboMbnl@'wl@aotvj wDjy.ifbOMj emif;oOfil; eB,Ofh/

=Ofykdif; twbqyf;qdkOfjeBhrM; wDjefg;ZdifjcmOf@ZMUomB@uvlif; erfhorfhrkwfh

YwMbndef;wD;,fg;+ifb yD@ 2008 eDjeBhao? rMb,Mb[Fif;udkef;rM; wDjuFefumif

ymifbvmBbnmOfb yif;uvM; rdlOfjvldefxlefjoDb 27 Oef;eefheB,Ofh/

acMjrkef;nefxkufb=Uurfjz.ifj

2008 arb (2) Oef;/

» ,mrf;OmB;Oef; (2) rlif; ,.efhvlrf;vFifheM@udofhao [Fif;vlrf;ywfheBh ekdifj

qlOfjrlif;vfg rD;,lb (120) vuf;,Ofh/

2008 arb (3) Oef;/

» twbqArf=OfefgqOfh [Fif;vlrf;ywfhx.if;eBh ekdifjqlOfjrlif;vfg rD;ugMb (120)

vuf;vldOftvj wDjwldif;anb,MbOwDb? wldif;wMjukifj? wldif;yMbuldOf? aq@

rldif;r.ef; tvj aq@rldif;,mif;qdlOf;eefh rD;v.ifjvkokrf; tvj v.ifjwmB[mB

wif;erf,Ofh/

» ,.efhvlif;vFif;eM@udofhao uM@yAefwlefjrBhvlifefg;wlifbwmifbOAif;wMj

uefcdkufhw.ef;

rmBwrf;eM@udofh


ukifjeefh ulefbvlrfhcfgjqrfoAifj,Ofh/ [Fif;ZB;ZMU tvj oAefjwMjomB

wmif; cmwfb,mwfbyFwfjrlwf; (100%) / acMjrkef;acMjomefcmOfbimOf;

cmwfbuefao Zlef;usD@nFofhnFrf@auMj ,if;nrfbqfgUwdkOf;vBj/

» vlify.ifqkdifj n.ufbcmOfbOMj wldif;anb,MbOwDb? wldif;yMbuldOf? aq@rldif;

r.ef; tvj aq@rldif;,mif; qldOf;eBh yAefeMjwDjnefxlyf;pM;az;cAef

ozMbO,Ofh eB/

2008 arb (4) Oef;/

» omBZlef;uyf;awMbrldif;vkrfjZMU cdkef;ykdwfbao? xkdifwmrf;crfjrM; oOf

Zlef;vmOfwdlrf; (nmB@zD@owM;) auMj cdkef;qfgUwdkOf;vBjrM;,Ofh/ vlwfh

vAef;omBwmif; wMjukifj-wMjvdlOfb? wMjukifj-aebysDbawMb? wMjukifj-

arMbvrsFifb-wMjOmB qdlOf;eBh cdkef;twbvFefj/

» q.rf;vlpfjcmOfbimOf;urf;vkdef;okwf;ao wDjwMjukifjeBh ulef;wmB (19)

auMU? wDjwldif;anb,MbOwDborfh wmB (222) auMUeB zljrD;qefhefg;xmef

z.if;vlifZmBby.ifbcmOfb nefnrfbcfgjr.ufbqkdOfjeefhauMUekdifj vmwfjugMb/

2008 arb (5) Oef;/

» OmB;aoeM@udofhywfhyOfb,Ofh [kdifugMb (12) qlOfjrlif; awMb (48) qlOfjrlif;

eefh efg;wlifbwmifb OAif;wMjukifjeBh erfhudef? erfhqfgU twbcmwfbudkwf;ugMb/

2008 arb (6) Oef;/

» ckefz.if;vlifZmBbukrf;urfuAOfbomufjv.ifjuefulef; q.rfokduf;r.ifbr.ifbolpfb

vmwfjugMbwDjymifydkwfbcmOfb- ,.efhvlrf;vFifheM@udofheBh ulef;rldif;rmef@

r.ufj (20) vmefh vBjxlyf;az;ao? q.rf;eifbomBrmBnefvBjrdlOfjeBheB

ulef;wmBrD;r.ufj 15,000 ? ulef;[mBvmBrD;r.ufj 2,000 OMjeB/

» vlify.ifqkdifjn.ufbcmOfbOMj aq@OAif;ylOfbuav; tvj ukefarMbvrsFifbeBh

pM;uFefumifomBvlrf;vFifhvwf;yOfbtvj yAefeMjwDjnefulef;wmBerf

vldOfokwf;,Ofh/ awMbxkdif arb (5) Oef;eefh efg;aq@OAif;ylOfbuav;


nefvAOfu.pf; ulef;wmB 10,000 ? efg;aq@OAif;ukefarMbvrsFifb 1,635

auMU? wDjukef[mB;usD;orfh rD; 975 auMU tvj wDjvMUykwfhwMb rD;r.ufj

1,000 eB,Ofh/

» vlify.ifqkdifjn.ufbcmOfbOMj awMbxdkifrdlOfjOM;eefh ulef;OmwfbqAyf;,.efh

vlrf;vFifheM@udofheBh rD;wDjiykawM; 90,000 ? wDjukef[mB;usD; 70,000 ?

wDjukefarMbvrsFifb 160,000 ? wDjvMUykwfhwMb 90,000 ? wDjysdefbqvlb

50,000 ? wDjzsMbylifb 97,000 ? wDjylOfbuav; 190,000 ? wDjOAif;nrMb

480,000 ,mef@eBheB,Ofh/

» wDjaq@OAif; efg;wldif;anb,MbOwDbeefh 7 OAif;? efg;wldif;wMjukifjeefh

40 nef vBjokdyfbruf;refjyM;efg;eMjwDj xlyfhpM;az;vlrf;vFifheM@udofh

,lbeefheBh xkdifarb (24) Oef;rM; qifbawvBjw.wfjcFyf;umifqfg wMbruf;

refjyldifiOfjykdif;rldif;,OfheB c.rf@[email protected],ifbumifqfgulef;rldif;

ydkefzmOfbugMb/

» awMbxdkif,mrf;Oef;wAifj wDjwldif;anb,MbOwDb ulef;wmB 21,793 auMU?


ulef;[mB 40,695 auMU/ wDjwldif;wMjukifj ulef;wmB 671 auMU? ulef;Omwfb

qAyf; 670 auMU? ulef;[mB 359 / =rfjeMjwDjwif;oAifjqkdif ulef;wmB

22,464 auMU? ulef;OmwfbqAyf; 670 auMU? ulef;[mB 41,054 auMU OMjeB/

» vkrf;iOfjikef;ZmBbZdifjcmOf@ZMU rldif;ndef;wD;,fg; (nmB@nFrf@WD@) ydkef

cmOfbOMj v.ifjwmif;eM@udofhomB@uvlif; awcOfjxkdifrldif;rmef@eefh

tvj [Fif;ywfhyOfbref;rD;uM@[dkOfeBeefh vlif@eMj (48) qlOfjrlif;ao

y.ifbcmOfbxkdifrldif;rmef@,lb eB,Ofh/

» wMbawcdkifomifjumefimef;ZmBbuAOfbomufjeefh awqfgUwdkOf;idkef; (5) yD@

vD@,ef@ (vmefh 5,000) ysM;eB ckefz.if;vlifZmBby.ifbcmOfb q.rf[mef

ausMbomef; vmwfjugMb/

» wMbulef;qldOf;xlyf;az;vlrf;vFifheM@udofheefh vlify.ifqkdifjy'dwfhwdwfhosf

q.BjxFrfugMbidkef;y.ifb 5.5 vmefh (awMbvMb 11 vmefh) ,Ofh/

2008 arb (7) Oef;/

» vlify.ifqkdifjvmwfjOMj v.ifjq.BjxFrfidkef;w.if;? clOf;vAif;? wmif;udef? cldifj

qfgU nefrM;wDjuljrldif;eefh aw[yfh,lb/ ulpf; [Fif;ulef;twh awnrfb

[yfh eB,Ofh/

2008 arb (8) Oef;/

» awMbxkdifOef;rldOfjeBh wDjwldif;wMjukifj? wldif;anb,MbOwDb nefxlyf;

az;vlrf;vFifh[mOfj[Fif;eMbeefh ulef;wmBrD;ugMb awMbxkdif 22,997auMU?

ulef;[mB 41,119 auMU tvj ulef;OmwfbqAyf; 1,093 auMU,OfheB ZmBbodkOfb

vlify.ifqkdifjn.ufbcmOfb/

» ckefz.if;vlifZmBbrldif;e.ufj c.ifrldif;xB; ykdefzmOfbOMj wMburfhxFrfumefimef;

ZmBbyluf;y.ifcdkef; wmrfbaz;cAefvlrf;vFifheefh awq.BjxFrf cOfjerfhwmif;

udef? clOf;c.ifnefvlOfbqfgUckdufhcufh tvj idkef;Omwfbr.ufjomrfvmefh (awMb

vMboFefekdifjqrfqrf) eB,Ofh/ uAOfbvlpfjumefimef; ZmBbyluf;y.ifcdkef;eBh

rldif;xB; yAefqOfjwMbe nef,.ef;q.BjrM;n.efwmif;okwf;,Ofh/


2008 arb (9) Oef;/

» ,.efhvlrf;vFifheM@udofhao efg;rldif;rmef@eBh =dOf;qmufjr.ufj 67 vrf; vBj

vkvFOfvlrfjqlrfugMb/

2008 arb (10) Oef;/

» ,.efhvlrf;vFifheM@udofhao awMbxkdifrdlOfjOM; wmrf;crfj (6) rlif;eefh

vBj=UOMj omBrmBulef;wmBrD; 23,335 auMU? ulef;OmwfbqAyf; 1,403 auMU

tvj ulef;[mB 37,019 auMU eB ZmBbokdOfbvlify.ifqkdifj n.ufbcmOfbugMb/

2008 arb (11) Oef;/

» awMbxkdifrdlOfjeBh vkufhwDjomBwmif;umif[mOfao vlif;q.BjxFrfv.ifjuAOfbomufj

ulef;xlyf;az; wDjrldif;rmef@eBh rD;ugMb (37) y.ufj,Ofh/ eefhqrfh yif;u

vM;awhosf (2) y.ufj? vmOf; (4) y.ufj? tcb (3) y.ufj? xB; (7) y.ufj? ndef;

wD;,fg; (2) y.ufj? odif@uylOf@ (1) y.ufj? cyfhrmBcOfjerfhwmif;udefrldif;vkrfj

ZMU- wVvdOf@nFZfhzD@ (6) y.ufj? xmefz.if;vlifZmBbrldif;e.ufj c.ifrldif;

nD@xvD@ (1) y.ufj tvj xmefz.if;vlif ZmBbrldif;e.ufj c.ifrldif;oyAef@

(11) y.ufj qldOf;eBh,Ofh/

2008 arb (12) Oef;/

» vlify.ifqkdifj n.ufbcmOfbOMj ,.efhvlrf;vFifheM@udofh nefyOfbywfhugMb rdlOfj

arb (2) Oef;eefhao ulef;wmB 28,458 auMU? [mBvmB 1,403 auMU,OfheB/

vkrf;qmwfjqkdifjvkrfjZMU (,l@nFef@) twhOMj ,.efheM@udofhomB@u

vlif;ao ulef;wmBwif;oAifj rD;,lboFefymBo.if[Aifaotvj? ulef;xlyf;

az;zmef=def;a,;wDj,lborfh rD;r.ufjo.ifvmefh eB,Ofh/

» rldif;anM;oaYx;vs yefugmrf;refjugMbrldOfjOM;OMj awq.BjwMbulef;xlyf;

az;eM@udofhxFifj awMbvMb (22) vmefheBtvj? wmif;q.BjxFrfcOfwif;

oAifj rD;ugMbawMbvMb (23) vmefh ndufbwif; awMbvMb anM;oaYx;vs

(25) vmefh,Ofh/


2008 arb (13) Oef;/

» ,l@nFef@ vmwfjOMj omBrmBulef;wmB,.efheM@udofheBh erfvdlOfaonef

vmrf;eyfhOBhn.efwmif;eefh ekdifjykefjvldOf eB,Ofh/ ulef;wmBrD;ugMb 216,000

vdlOf,Ofhtvj erfvdlOfao nefwmB,.efhaz;ol@eM@rD@eefh,OfheB

zlj,fgbwDjvkrf;,l@nFef@eefhauMUekdifjvmwfjugMb/

2008 arb (14) Oef;/

» C C/

2008 arb (15) Oef;/

» wDjvMUykwfhwMb efg;wldif;anb,MbOwDbeefh ymifoOf;ZmBbuAOfbomufjeBh

wif;oAifjrD;,lb (30) ymif? awMbxkdif arb (12) Oef;eefh ulef;xlyf;az;

rD;,lb 30,000 ymB eB,Ofh/

» wDjOAif;yQAifbeefh ymifoOf;ZmBbuAOfbomufj rD; (5) ymifao? ulef;xlyf;

az; rD;r.ufj 4,600 / urfjerf yAefqOfjeMjwDj efg;aq@OAif; iykawM;?

vMUykwfhwMb qldOf;eBh rM;o.efj,lbOBh,Ofh/

» wDjOAif;rnlbydefbeefh ykdwfbzkpfbOBh ymifoOf;ZmBbuAOfbomufj (8) ymifao

ulef;xlyf;az; rD; 38,000 vdlOf? yAefulef;rnlbydefb urfjanbao? yAef

nef+ifhwDjaq@OAif; ylOfbuav;? zsMbylifbqdlOf;eBh rM;vkrf;vM;OBheefh

,Ofh/

» idkef;? clOf;c.if nefvkufhwDje.ufjrldif;? efg;rldif;aovlbwmef;rM; ykefjwMb

ulef;xlyf;az;vlrf;vFifhcOfeefh oifnOfqfgUqmBbudefvmBeB q.rf;eifbyldif

rDjao awnOfvdlifugMbeB iOfjikef;ZmBba[huifjvlv.rfaz;ozMbO ydkef

zmOfbn.ufbcmOfbugMb/

» wDjaq@OAif; (7) OAif; efg;wldif;anb,MbOwDb nefpM;wmrfbvlrf;vFifh

eM@udofhudef;vdlOfyldefjeefh clufhqmufh (170) vif vBjwldOfhomif@vlUvFOf

ugMb,lb,Ofh/


2008 arb (16) Oef;/

» ulef;efg;wlifbwmifbukefzl;olyf;uAOf nefwmB,.efhaz;vlrfhvFifheM@udofhugMb

wMb (90) OmufjvldOfeBh yAefvkufjn.efb? ulef;,dif; tvj ulef;xOfjtub

cOfqldOf;eBh,OfheB qkrf;vlv.rfwlpf;xkdifvkufjn.efb (qD@an@nM@nD;)

vmwfjn.ufbrldOfjeBh/

» efg;ymifbvmBbuyfhyvDb wDjuBuefwif;omyfbZifbrldif;rmef@ (60) vuf;vdlOf

eefh omif;azM;ZmBbwyfherfh ntrb'duefbcOf (3) vrf; udkwf;yfgUvM@

wef;OBh wMbq.Bjulef;qdlOf;xlyf;az; wDjwldif;anb,MbOwDbcOfeefh,lb

,Ofh/ zlj,fgbefg;wyfhntrb'duefbcOfvmwfjOMj y.Bb{jvlify.ifqkdifjrldif;rmef@

z.rfh[yfhauMj awy.Bb=dOf;ckdefjZifb nefcyf;xkdifvBjwldif;anb,MbOwDb

urf;odkOfjeefhvfg? =dOf;wmifbc.ifhzMbwwf;,lwf;,Mnefcdkwf;umyfjeefhvfg

zFOfxkdifZifberfhrldif;rmef@rM; efg;cmOf;wmif;eyfhqlOfjrlif;eefhu.pf;eB

,Ofh/

» rdlOfjOM;eefh qkrf;okdOfbcmOfbomByFef; tvj yDje.ifhwB;efg;OAif;wMjukifjcOf

ndufbyM; yDje.ifhwB;efg;rldif;wB;cOf? yDje.ifhrldif;e.ufjcOf =rfjwMbeuefao

rldOfjq.BjxFrfzljxlyf;az;vlrf;vFifhcOf wDjOmefjosmef;qkusD; tvj Omefj

p.ifbwuM; efg;aq@OAif;wlefjwlpf (wkefbaw;)? vBjugMbqMbuzFOfefg;


rdkOf;zljxlyf;az;cOfrM; nOfqArfcOfjomef? clOfjekifj? wmif;udef,.Bj tvj

erfhoFefjofgqldOf;eBh wMbuM;vlifekdifjvrf; tvj uM;n.efbo.ifvrf;eB

vBj=Uq.rf;zkdefvFif;imef;cOf nefykdefn.ufbrdlOfjeBh/

2008 arb (17) Oef;/

» vdufjzkdefcmOfbwFrfjOMj ,.efhvlrf;vFifheM@udofhaoulef;wmBrD;ugMb77,738

auMUao? efg;eefh cOfjyM;zlj[myfbumefvlify.ifqkdifj159 auMU/ e.ufjao

eefh rD;xFifj ulef;[mB 55,917 auMU tvj ulef;OmwfbqAyf; 19,359 auMU

eB,Ofh/

» uM@[email protected];rmef@ wkdufha[h[mrfjawMbwmif;q.BjxFrf neful@

rldif;rldif;yef,lbeBhtwh ulef;vkwmBawerfwdlOf;rM;,lbu.pf;,Ofh/ v.ifjq.Bj

xFrfqdlOf;eBheBh nrfbuAOfbuyf;uefwif;umefrldif;toj eB zljemrf;efg;vlif

qkrf;,l@nFef@ rdof@owdlOfyef@uD@rkef; yefZmifhugMb/

» cldifjclOf;ZmBbuAOfbomufj nefntrb'duef yefwMbulef;xlyf;az;cOfeefh

eBh yefugMbefg;rdkOf;nFef@usD@nlOf@ul@rldif;rldif;urf;odkOfj,OfheB zljcmef

ymufbc.if+ifjumefZmBbrldif;e.ufjcOf oRef@rFuf@auM@rFufh vmwfjugMb rdlOfj

arb (16) Oef;eefh/

2008 arb (18) Oef;/

» q.rf;eifb vlify.ifqkdifjrldif;rmef@vlwf;cgmif;ao,Ofh cl;arM,McOf? arMvkrf;

vM;cOf ndufbwif;zljvlifhvFefbzmBb,McOf (30) auMU nefyAefulef;rldif;

ukefan;osLdOf;qdlOf;eefheB yM;wif; ,Mj,M cldifj,dyf; tvj cOfjerfh

wmif;udefao vkufhrldif;xB; cDb=dOf;rdef zFOfrM;rldif;rmef@ rdlOfjOM;/ cl;arM

,M tvj ulef;[myfbumefZmBb,M efg;wyfhokduf;ndef;wD;,fg;cOf (47) auMU

auMj vBjcgmifhcOfjrM;,lb/

2008 arb (19) Oef;/

» cdlifjclOf;urfhq.Bj nefvkufhwDj qkrf;,l@nFef@vfg? nmB@nFef@usD@nlOf@vfg?


qkdifjrldif;ul@rldif;rldif;vfgeefh olifbyefrM; wMbulef;xlyf;az;vlrf;vFifh wDj

rldif;rmef@eBeBh awMbxdkifrdlOfjeBh rD;ugMb 3,000 wmefb[drf;+rf;,Ofh/

» wMbawq.BjxFrf ulef;xlyf;az;vlrf;vFifhcOfeefh omif;azM;okduf;y'dwfh

wdofh-nAufhcsf nFrf@ nFofh OFwf@ofrdef@owdlOf@ eBh zFOfrM;wDjnef

,mefuefwif; omyfbZifbrldif;rmef@ (12) vuf;eefh,Ofh/ qOfjokduf;

cFef@=Of;vfymufh vmwfjOMj rkifjr.if;wMbawvBjq.BjxFrfawMb ulef;xlyf;

az;ozMbOrldif;rmef@cOf,lb eB,Ofh/

» eifb[kdOf awwdlOf;vBjwmif;q.BjxFrf wMbzljxlyf;az;ozMbOcOfeefh

,lbwDj nM@oD@,ef@ =rfjwif; ,l@nFef@ao aw[Awf;ymifukrf wMb

,kdefj,.ef;wmif;q.Bjxkdiful@rldif;rldif; wDjwMjukifj rdlOfjarb (25) Oef; aw

rM;eBh eB,Ofh/

2008 arb (20) Oef;/

» twbrdlOfjeBhao efg;cmOf;wmif;omrfOef;eBh ruf;refjyAef Oef;acM;clrf

vlpfjv.ifjxlyf;az;vlrf;vFifheM@udofheefh,OfheB vlify.ifqkdifjrldif;rmef@

ydkefzmOfb/

» rdlOfjOM; (arb 19 Oef;) wmrf;crfj (4) rlif;,mef@eefh Zlefvlifvlrf;

vlifwluf;yOfbxFifj wDjOAif;ylOfbuav;eefhtvj =dOf;omif;azM;nef

awMUcmBhyef ulef;xlyf;az;cOfeefh vBjvlrfjqlrfugMb (4) vrf;/ qlrfwDj

[drf;ukefysLif;rlpf; vrf;ekdifj? wDj[drf;wMj=dOf;umefbw,Mb o.ifvrf;?

wDj[drf;OmefjuFif;awM;O vrf;ekdifj OMjeB/

2008 arb (21) Oef;/

» zljwmifwlOf,l@eD@oFZfh nefuAOfbvlpfjrldif;rmef@ rdofhowdlOf@'M@rFwfh

osfos'FofhwdlOf@ vmwfjOMj vkufjn.efbvFif ndufbyM; vkufjn.efbo.ifclyfb

vlif;wfgjcOf nefzmefayMjtrjaoudkwf;cD;OBheefheBh ,krfb,rfOMj wDj

anbokwf; awrD; 600 ymB eB,Ofh/

» iOf;vmB;v.ifjq.BjxFrfyef zljxlyf;az;vlrf;vFifheM@udofhcOfeBh awMbqifb


eBh,mrf;vAOf wkdufhrD;wMbomOf;[MjOmufj (25%) u.pf;eB zljemrf;efg;vlif

,l@nFef@ vmwfjugMbefg;ymifykdwfbcmOfb OAif;rldif;u.ufb? rldif;qkdifjxB;/

» rdlOfjOM;eefh qOfjYoMbuAif;[mB;? qkrf;okdOfbcmOfbomByFef;? yDje.ifhwB;efg;OAif;

wMjukifj ndufbyM; yDje.ifhwB;efg;rldif;wB;cOf =rfjwMbeuefao rdlOf;q.Bj

xFrf zljxlyf;az;vlrf;vFifhcOf wDjOmefjiFwfhanMbqmef;? OmefjYzM;omrf

olb tvj OmefjqyusD;qmef; efg;aq@OAif;auMUrl;/ vBjugMbqMbuzFOfefg;

rdkOf;zljxlyf;az;cOfrM; nOfqArfclOf;ekifj? cOfjomef tvj udlOfqdlOf;eBh

wMbuM;[mB;vFufhomrfvrf;eB vBj=Uq.rf; zdkefvFif;imef; (y.ufjxDjo.if)

cOf nefykdefn.ufbrdlOfjeBh/

2008 arb (22) Oef;/

» zljcOfjqkrf; nAufhcsfnM@WD@zD@ auMUekdifj nefwmrfwlOfref; vlif;tz

rFifbcOfjerfhwmif;udef,lbeefhvmwfjOMj zljxlyf;az;cOf nefqdlOf;nrfb

vBjwmif;q.BjxFrf wDjrldif;vkrfjZMUwif;vmBcOfeBh [FifherfvlefhylefhyFifjeMb

tvj ,AufhcMbnefqOfjwMbecOftzrFifb,lbeBh nrfbukrfbxlefjvBj,Ofh

eBanMj/

2008 arb (23) Oef;/

» zljemrf;efg;vlif qkrf;,l@nFef@ rdofhowdlOf@ ymef@uD@rkef; ugMb,Arfj

wlpf; wDjwldif;anb,MbOwDb nefvBjpM;az;eM@udofh[mOfj[Fif;udef;

wldOf;vldOfawhawhOMjOMjeefh/ u.efbyBbrM;wDjrldif;rmef@ ref;,mrfjyef[Fif;

nD;wkuf;olef;wDjvlify.ifqkdifjrldif;rmef@- {jydkwfbimufjwldOf;vdlOfuOfbao

[yfh+if;wmif;q.BjxFrf neful@rldif;rldif;,dkefjyefrM; wMbulef;xlyf;az;cOf

o.ifvmefhymBckdifjeefhaourf; eB/

» eMjawugMbwDjwldif;anb,MbOwDbeefh ymef;uD@rkef; =yfhxlyf;wif; q.rf

z.if;vlifrldif;rmef@ao oyf;vFif;aeOMj ]v.ifjvkvFOf? wmB[mBeBh [Fifh,fgb

ugmifjerfvmBeMbnM;vM;tvj rldif;[email protected]; awnrfb[myfbayh

vBj? vlOfbwmif;urfhuFrfxFrfq.Bj wDjul@rldif;rldif;nldOfj} eB,Ofh/ q.rfokduf;vlif


wAif;qAifb ckdef;w.yfbOMj ]qefhxmefjuAOfbomufjZmBbuefulef;eBh ,OfhwlOfj

ugMbaotvj ayM;xkdif,lbwDjcmOf;,mrf;nefvlOfbyluf;y.ifcdkef;eefh,Ofh}

eB/

» ymef@uD@rkef; vmwfjugMb wMby.Bb{j zlj[myfbumefZmBbuAOfbomufjcOful@auMU

cOfjrM;q.BjvBjeefh =OfyOfjenz z.rfhvBjqfg,Ofhtvj ulef;rldif;rldif;vfg

nrfbOMj cOfjrM;q.BjvBj,lbeB,Ofh/

» q.rf;wlifbwmifbukefzl;olyf;uAOfeBh ,.efhiOf;vmB;nefulef;rdlif;nmefb=Of

vmefh vBjxlyf;az;,lbeBao qmif@rD;rM; v.ifjvufhuMUcmBulef;vfg? v.ifj

wAuf;qfgUudef[Fif;vmBvfg? v.ifjwAuf;qfgUcmBhOmefjcmBh=def;vfg qdlOf;eBhtvjvlOfb

vBjZmifh=UOBhzfgref;ndlOfjeB qkrf;ulef[Awf;umefrldif;vkrfjZMU (nmB@tnvf@

nlOf) wlufbxkdifugMb/

2008 arb (24) Oef;/

» rdlOfjOM; (arb 23 Oef;) eefh qkrf;okdOfbcmOfbomByFef; tvj yDje.ifhwB;

efg;OAif;wMjukifj ndufbyM;yDje.ifhwB;efg;rldif;wB;? rldif;xB;cOf =rfjwMbeuef

ao rldOf;q.BjxFrfzljxlyf;az;vlrf;vFifhcOf wDjOmefjQlif;cgMU efg;aq@

OAif;ukef;csmefbulif; tvj wDjOmefjusmwfhqdefbysLOfb efg;aq@OAif;aWW

a,;/ vBjugMbqMbuxkdifefg;rdkOf; zljxlyf;az;cOfrM; nOfqArfoldOfjwDb

osmwfh? cOfjomef? yMeOfjnFyfb tvj udlOfnmB@nlOfwdef; qldOf;eBh wMbuM;

[mB;vFufhomrfvrf;eB vBj=Uq.rf;zdkefvFif;imef; (y.ufjxDjomrf) cOf nef

ydkefn.ufbrdlOfjeBh/

2008 arb (25) Oef;/

» v.ifjq.BjxFrfyefulef;rldif;rmef@ nefqdlOf;pM;az;vlrf;vFifheBh yBbxkdif

qefhnefcdkef;yluf;y.ifu.efb? awMbqifbeBh,mrf;vAOf wdkufhrD;wDjqefhq.Bj

xFrfuAOfbomufjZmBbuefulef;eefhu.pf;eB rdof@owdlOf@ymef@uD@rkef; ydkwfb

vmwfj/

» vlify.ifqkdifjrldif;rmef@,kdefj,.ef;OMj wMbawcdkef;yluf;wifjeMjwDjnef


xlyf;az;qldOf;eefheBh awvlOfbidkef;u.ifumif r.ufj 10.7 yD@vD@,ef

(awMbvMb rkdefbymB[Aifvmefhqrfqrf) eBaowMU zljwmifwlOfqkdifjrldif;

qdlOf;cdkefjymifukrfwMbq.BjxFrfeefhorfh nrfb,kdefofgbidkef;eefh wFwfjwFwfj

awM;awM;/

2008 arb (26) Oef;/

» ,l@nFef@ tvj nM@oD@,ef@ =rfj[Awf;ymifukrfwkif;idkef;vlb wMbq.Bj

acaz;vlrf;vFifh {jayM;vBjidkef;vlb (210) vmefh nefOMjeefh awMb

xdkifymifukrfOmB;ugMbrdlOfjOM; rdlif;vfgawq.BjuM@[dkOfeB yBbn.ufbacMjydkefzmOfb/

awMbxkdif arb (24) Oef;eefhtwh nefyefugmrf;refjOMj awq.Bjeefh

rD;,lbawMbvMb (57) vmefh,Ofh/

» ZmBbnkyfhyldifbcOf vlwf;cgmif;yef ulef;[myfbumefqkrf;,lb@eD@oFZfh (ul@rldif;

rldif;) 6 auMU wMbvlif;ulwfbxwf;eyfho.efbq.rf;eMjwDj nefpM;az;

vlrf;vFifh[mOfj[mOfj[Fif;[Fif;eefh,Ofh/

» =dOf;omif;azM;ZmBbwyfherfhz'mifboAwfjcOf nefwmifbrM; cldifjclOf;wMburfh

xFrfZmBbuAOfbomufjulef;xlyf;az;vlrf;vFifhcOfeefheBh ,.efhnrfbvBjcgmifh

wMbcOfjrM;efg;rldif;rmef@tvj awnOfnmyfjyefzmBbwmif;rldif;xB;,Ofh OMj

eB/

2008 arb (27) Oef;/

» v.ifjnefzljnkyfhyldifbcOf +ifhnOfulef;rdlif; nefqdlOf;xlyf;az;vlrf;vFifheefh

olifbrdlOf;cdkef;eMjwDjuOfbcOf nefvku.BvFOf[mrf;OBheefhqrfh nrfbqmif@

,.rf;[yfhvBjeB zljrD;ykefjz.ef;efg;,l@nFef@eefhauMUekdifjvmwfjugMb/

» wyfhqkrf;,lwf;,M qOfja[Mcrf;rldif;xB; nefvlif;ugMbq.Bjefg;eMjwDjulef;

xlyf;az;vlrf;vFifhcOfeefheBh efg;cmOf;wmif;Olifjodefekdifj ,lwf;,Myef

vBjulef;yAef 2,500 vldOf OMjeB/

» rkufhqkrf;nefuAOfbuyf;wif;ul@rldif;rldif;cOf tvj nmB@nFef@usD@nlOfcOf

eBh ayM;OMjawugMbrM; efg;eMjwDjxlyf;az;vlrf;vFifheefhqkdif vlOfbvBj


wmifb,.ef;cgmifhugMbrM; wrfjwDjvkrf;iOfjikef;n.ef =OfZmBbuFwfbac (wyfh

vdef) eefheB wmifwlOfckefz.if;vlifZmBbcmOf;wmif; tvj =if;vFrf;ao

qOfjokduf;,mefbeFifb (vdkOfj,Aef) ydkefzmOfbn.ufbcmOfb/

» qkrf;odkOfbcmOfbomByFef; tvj yDje.ifhwB;efg;OAif;wMjukifj ndufbyM; yDje.ifh

wB;efg;rldif;wB;cOf =rfjwMbeuefao rdlOf;q.BjxFrfzljxlyf;az;vlrf;vFifh

cOf wDjOmefjOu.ufhawM;? Q,FwfhQlif;ydefb? OmefjnaosUulif; tvj

ne.ufhulif; (rlbOmefjusLOf;zdOfb)? OmefjawM;uRif;? OmefjurMbuvkef; efg;

aq@OAif;ukef;csmefbulif;/ vBjugMbqMbuzFOfxkdifefg;rdkOf; ulef;xlyf;az;cOf

rM; nOfqArfodlOfj wDbosmwfh? cOfjomef? yMeOfjnFyfb tvj udlOfnmB@nlOf@

wdef; qldOf;eBh wMbuM;[mB;vFufhomrfvrf;eB vBj=Uq.rf;zdkefvmB;imef; (y.ufj

xDjoDb) cOf nefydkefn.ufbrdlOfjeBh/

2008 arb (28) Oef;/

» zljemrf;efg;vlifqkrf;,l@nFef@ vmwfjOMj nrfbayM;[dkifemef; aw

nmef;ugMbqfg;rldif;rmef@? uAOfbvlpfjeMjumefZmBburfhxFrfuAOfbomufjyef

ulef;xlyf;az;vlrf;vFifhcOfeefhao q.ifbrD;v.ifjcdkefj,fgb[dkOfnrfbrD;

nefOMjeefh cfgj=U[efwlpf;q.rf;tvj qifbOMj nmifjnmef;ugMbrldif;

rmef@ OMjeB/

» cyfhrmBZmBbrkef;vFif;c.ifqkrf;,l@nFef@ (,l@nFef@WD@zD@) ydkwfbn.ufb

omBrmBuM@[email protected] nefyAefrD;,lb efg;aq@OAif;ylOfbuav;

wldif;anb,MbOwDb OmB;vlrf;vFifheefh vBj[efeifbeB- cOfjomef ekdifj

tyb- 1,500 ? erfhref;xlOfb edkifjq.BU- 4,500 ? udlOfekdifjq.BU 1,400 ?

erfhref;wDbtqb ekdifjuMbvmefb- 7,000 ? xmwfjoDb- 6,500 / vdef

ykef ekdifjxlif-11,000 nefeBh yAif;uefwif; [email protected] (8' x 3') ekdifj

zFefbeefh? omB;ekdifjxlif-1,500 ? qmufjxBn.efb ekdifjuef;- 130,000?

=dOf;qmufjarMbawMbylufh ekdifjvrf;- 350,000 ? =dOf;n.efbwDhyM ekdifjvrf;-

140,000 /


2008 arb (29) Oef;/

» =dOf;Odefokduf;ntrb'duefb qdlOf;oFef; qD@ 130 eBh ekdifjy.ufjvfg wmifb

nOfcdlifjclOf;ZmBbuAOfbomufj (370) rFwfhx'dwfhwmefbao? vkufhrldif;xB; olifb

xdkifwMjukifj rD;ugMb (70) y.ufj,OfhaowMU? cldifjclOf;qldOf;eefheBh tzyef

ulef;xlyf;az;cOfqldifh[dkOf nefOMjeefhtwh ref;nrfbqmif@vmwfjvyfh

v.if;vBjeB q.rfokduf;vlifwdrf@rlOf@wD@ vmwfjugMbefg;ymifydkwfbcmOfb/

» qkrf;okdOfbcmOfbcOf n.efwFrfjvmwfjOMj vlify.ifqkdifjrldif;rmef@ xluf;Ofg

cmrfjrldif; (OD@qM@) yef ulef;[Awf;umefZmBbuAOfbomufj c.ifqkrf;,l@nFef@

eefhwif;rlwf; tvj c.ifqkrf;nefuAOfwif;ul@rldif;rldif;cOfeefh,OfheB/

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nefvDvBjw.if; nefyM;efg;uef[Aef;eefhtvj/

(3) [dOfjqif@wlpf;ao cmef;wrf;OBh v.uf;vmB;ylifo.ef qldifheifb[kdOfeBh

awqmif@[Awf;{j acMjnmifjnmef; uef[Aef;iOfjiMbxkdifwDjvBj/

(4) OmB;ylifo.efyef,OfhauMj wuf;awvBjcdkef;xwf;omif vAyfj[Aef;

cdkef;eBao awvBjw.if;OBhymB;zAefjref;eifbeB,Ofh/

(1)(1) nmifjnmef;uef[Aef; (Objects, Aims and Objects)

nmifjnmef;uef[Aef; nefOMjeefh ref;yM;efg; acMjnAef;nmef;

ymB;=UarM tvj ymB;,krfb,rf yuf;ydlifymB;=UarM nefwrf;Omif;OBheefh,OfheB

awvBjy.ifbqfgOBh/ efg;umefymB;=UarMeBh awvBjyM;OBh acMjnAef;nmef; ymB;=U

arMqdkifjrldif;? acMj,ldif;ql;ymB;=UarM eldifjqefhqefheBh qefhwMbymB;=UarM

ref;yAefoif? ymB;[Aef;nefawvBjylifo.efugMb wDjnefylifo.efyef ymB;[Aef;

nefruf;rmBOBhqldOf;eefh q.rf;acMj,ldif;ql;eefh awvBjqDhwrf;aeOBhyef

qlOf@clyfbvkufj[Aef;cOf? q.rf;eifbqefh[Aef;ao,Ofh wmif;=Unefcfgj{jcOfvBj

ugMb? wmif;arM? wmif;vFefbzmBqldOf;eBh awruf;cmef;awMbxmefjvfg/ q.rf;eifb

wmif;vFef@cgmifb nefqDhaerM; wDjyyfh[Aef;ao,Ofh? eifb=U[efOBheefh

wMbaw[Awf;omifj umefylifo.efnefeldifjugMbeefh ref;vBjrD;[email protected]

o.ef omrfrAOf;omrfvFef@ nefOMjeefh {jZmifh=Uxkdifq.rf;aourf;/

qldOf;cOfqrf;-

(1) [email protected]=Uy.ifb (Cognitive domain)

(2) [email protected][ef (Affective domain) tvj

(3) [email protected] [Awf;omifj? nefqmif@yAefrM;,.efhvlpfj


v.ifjckpfh[ef/ (Psychomotor domain) wmif;wlifhekdifvlpfj v.ifj

ckpfh[efokrfbirf; wDjacMjnmifjnmef;uef[Aef;eefh ref;qmif@rD;vFef@

omrfv.ifjeefhao awrD;v.ifjruf;cmef;OBhvlpfj qlOf@clyfbvkufj[Aef;cOf?

xFOf[Aef;cOfqdlOf;eBh {jukdifbimrfbuefOBhu.efbeB awvBjy.ifbqfgOBhxMj/

(2)(2) acMjrmBacMjuFrf; (acMjrkef;vDvBjrmBw.if;) (Content, Facts)

uef[Aef;eldifjnefeBh vBjyM;OBh acMjrmBacMjuFrf; qdlOf;nefawvBj

ylifo.efyefeefh,lb,Ofh/ acMjrmBacMjuFrf;ul@nefnefeBh ref;nrfbqmif@

yef wmif;urfhxFrfq.BjawMb v.ifjylifo.ef v.ifj[Aef;o.ef wif;omrfvFef@

vBjeifbuOfbtoj/ acMjrmBacMjuFrf;rmif@nefeBh qmif@qefugMbawMb{jyAefxkdif

vBjqefhwmif;=U? v.ifjckpfh[ef? v.ifj[Awf;omifjwlifhekdif qldOf;eBhvBj,lb,Ofh/

rmif@qdlOf;twhorfh qmif@awMUqefugMbvBj awMbxdkifqefhwmif;=Uwif;v.ifj

ckpfh[efu.pf;/ rmif@qldOf;eBh u.pf;yAefwMb=UacMacMu.pf;,Ofh/ acMjrmBacMjuFrf;

rmif@qldOf;twhorfh wMb{jzFOfvBjqefhv.ifj=Uu.pf;auMj awMjnrfbyM;rD;uM@

cefvBj {jxkdif{jyAefeefh,Ofh/ xFifjnefeldifj awMjuM@nefqmif@awMU

olifbyef {[email protected]=Uao orfhvwf;cmrfjvFef@

v.ifjckpfh[efao,Ofh? zFOfvBjvFef@ nef{jyAefn.ufbwmif;wlifhedkif [Awf;

omifjzkduf;,mrfj nefcfgjvBjcfgjyAefeefhvBj,lbaowMUauMj? acMjuFrf;nef

eldifjwif;nefeldifjcOfeBh wDjqefhxmefjvFef@ nefawMbnefcOfeefheBh

auMj wmif;,fgbugmifjcOfjxkdifvBjcOfeefh nrfbrldefuefvBjtoj/ v.ifjwmif;eBh

qrf; yAefy.wf;[email protected],Ofh/ ,.efhref;rD;

v.ifjZdifjwFufjwdkef;yAefnlefjn.efbtvj arMo.efnefawylifo.efyef

uef[Aef;eefh ayM;arMcBjqfg? arMxwf;omifvBjvDvDqifb v.ifjylifo.efaw

[email protected],lb,Ofh/ rldOfjnefylifo.efyef efg;+ifj[Aef;eefh

ayM;vkufj[Aef;cOf=U,OfheBauMj ayM;,OfhvMjeBao? OBhZmifhOlefh[efeifbeef

ao? wrf;y.pfbrM;twh awnrfbyAefarMo.efvDvBjeB awvBj=Uy.ifbxkdifOBh

v.ifjeBhu.efb,Ofh/


(3)(3) v.uf;vmB;ylifo.ef (Method of Teaching)

arMo.efeBh ndifvlpfjZdifjwFufjwkdef;yAef acMjrmBacMjuFrf;nef

[Aef; nefawvBjylifo.efyefeefhao,Ofh awvBjcBjqfgv.uf;vmB;ylifo.ef

yefeefh,lb,Ofh/ v.uf;vmB;ylifo.efeBh awqmif@yef qmif@+ifhqkdOfjcOfOBh

ul@rAOf;rAOf;,lbaowMU iOfjydkefhref;twh u.pf;rD;eifbeB,Ofh/

(u) v.uf;vmB;ylifo.ef nefvkufhwDjacMjrmBacMjuFrf; nef=U,Ofheefh

ao u.ifhumBbokdyfbcOfjql;awMb acMjrmBacMjuFrf; nefyBbvBj=U/

(From known to unknown) /

(c) v.uf;vmB;ylifo.ef nefvkufhwDjclOf;c.if rD;yldifwkrf@[efvBjeefhao

okdyfbu.ifhumBbaeZmif[mif@yefql;awMbclOf;c.if nefnrfbrD;yldifwkrf@

[efvBj nefrD;wmif;qfg@[efOlefh=UnOf/

(From concrete to abstract) /

(i) v.uf;vmB;ylifo.ef nefvkufhwDjacMjrmBacMjuFrf; nefwFwfjeFwfj

xmifbqFifj nefvfgnefeefhao okdyfbql;yef v.ifjqldOf;zAifj

qldOf;[email protected]/ (From particular to general) /

(q) v.uf;vmB;ylifo.ef nefvkufhwDjacMj,dlif;ql; v.ifjqdlOf;zAifjul@

v.ifj nefulef;wif;erf[yfhcmrfbOBh,Ofheefhao okdyfbql;rM; {j

xkdifacMjuFrf;qdlOf;nef wFwfjeFwfjwFwfjawM;/

(From general to particular) /

eBao iOfjydkefhv.uf;vmB;ylifo.eftwh rD;OBheifbeBnefOMjeefh vBj

vAyfj[Aef;=U[efOBheifbeBvBj,lb/ ndifvlpfjiOfjydkefh v.uf;vmB;ylifo.efqdlOf;

eBhao,Ofh qifborfhcdkef;qFufbtzxFifjv.uf;vmB;ylifo.ef nefugmifjref;rM;

xFifj,Ofh/

rmif@zOfb q.rf;vlpfjiOf;vmB;omBimBref;ao,Ofh

wmif;nefvBjcdkef;tr;xwf;x.ifawMb

umefimef;wif;oAifjao cdkef;tr;twbwifj

nUcUvUx rfgbrfgbauMj qmif@rD;rM;,lb/


rldefeifbv.uf;vmB;ylifo.ef nkyfbukrfu.ifuefvfg? vmB;nefwif;vAefj

aoo.ef[Aef;yefwmif;=UarMvfg? vmB;nefcdkifomifj cyfhvmrf;q.rf; yldifqmwfj

qldif;ao,Ofh ylifo.efyefymB;=UarMvfg qdlOf;eBh/

[email protected]@vfgauMj nrfbnOfvmB;ylifo.efyef vmB;vAOfeefh

u.pf;ao qfgUvmB;ul@vmBrAOf;nef=rfjq.rf;vmBvmB;ao ylifo.efyefeefhauMj

vBjrD;,lb/ (rldefeifb nOfvmB;nefn.ufbcmOf;wmif;vAyfj[Aef;ao,Ofh ylif

o.efyefeefhvfg/) yAef[dkOfauMjvD ayM;OMjarMo.efeBh vBj=UOBhacMjuFrf;Zdifj

wFufjwkdef;yAefuef[Aef; nefwlOfuOfbawvBjylifo.efyefeefhOBh vDuM@[dkOf

auMj wDjnefawvBjvldufjn.ufbuAyf;nOfcyfhcdkifao [email protected];vmB;ylif

o.efeefh awwdlOf;qmif@vBj{jxkdifwDjuM@eefh,lb,Ofh/ vmB;ylifo.ef vmB;

o.efae arMo.efauMUeldifjwif;auMUeldifjeBh qmif@rD;v.ifjnefvkufhwDjvrfh

uwfhnefnrfbrldefuefeefhaon.ufbyAefrM;tvj vrfhuwfhnefuAOfbuyf;vmB;

ylifo.efae (Method and techniques) eBh ref;wkdef;yAefymB;=UymB;arMc.if

wlOfuOfbarMo.efcOfeefh,Ofh/

(4)(4) v.ifjxwf;wlpf;? v.ifjxmrfwlpf; tvj v.ifjwFyf;wwf;xwf;xdef

(Evaluation)

cfgj[Awf;umefoifauMjvD ayM;wuf;OMjtwb[Awf;,Ofh ayM;OMjeB

v.ifjxwf;wlpf; v.ifjxmrfwlpf; tvj v.ifjwFyf;wwf;xwf;xdefqldOf;eBh

nrfbyM;nrfbyAef wuf;vBjrD;ZdifjwFufjyM;q.rf;rM;,lb,Ofh/ ayM;OMjeB erfh

w.ef;nefawvBjn.ufbrM;wDjumefeefhqrf; nrfbeefauMj wDjanbref;

v.ifjokwfjref; nrfbomifbawMbeefh =Uwuf;vBjrD;,lbvFyfjv.BU (vyfhv.if;)

,Ofh/

v.ifjnefxwf;xdefwlpf; ]iOf;vmB;efg;cmOf;z.if;,mrf;umef}

vmB;xwf;x.if (Formative evaluation) nefvBjxwf;wlpf; y.wf;w.ef@

[email protected] twbnOfiOfj twbumefawMbwDjokwf;eefhqrf; vBj+ifhOMj ]vmB;

xwf;wlpf;z.if;umef} eBao ayM;OMjumef,OfhwlOf@ qifbxwf;xdefwlpf;

eefhorfh +ifhOMj ]vmB;xwf;xdefwlpf;OmB;umef} (Summative evaluation)


eB,Ofh/ ayM;wuf;OMj arMxwf;arMxdefq.rf; vmB;o.ifvmB;eBh q.rf;okwfjref;

zAifjzAifj {jwluf;c.ifhwluf;nFufbzAefjvD,lbuM@[kdOfauMj umefawn.ifbxmefj

eefh,Ofh/ wDjuef[Aef;okwf;ugMbeefhauMj v.ifjacMjrmBacMjuFrf;uef[Aef;qdlOf;

eefh vkufj[Aef;cOf =Unrfb=U? arMnrfbarMeefhauMj awvBjcdkef;[kyfjvkrf;

[email protected]@ao xwf;xmrfwFyf;wwf;wlpf;,lb,Ofh/ vkufhwDj v.ifjxwf;

xmrfwlpf;eefhao nOfacMjw.yfbacMjauj nefvBjn.ufbrM;qldOf;eefhao

[Awf;omifjv.ifjxwf;rmBwFyf;wwf;,lb,Ofh/

v.ifjxmrf v.ifjxwf; nefOMjeefhqrf; yAefwMbyefacMjwFyf;

wwf;eefh,Ofh/ wDjy.ifbref; ayM;OMj v.ifjxwf;wlpf;OmB;,Ofhuef[Aef;eBh

oifOMjvkufj[Aef;cOf =UarMeifbqfgeifbacM;,OfhayM;eB qifbokdyfbckdyfjeMjylif

o.efyefugMbeefh,Ofh/ ayM;vBj[ef v.ifjyBb[mefhqfgeBh cdkef;tr;ylifo.efyef

eefheMb/ u.yfjoiftvjeB v.ifjxwf;xdeful@nefnefeBh ayM;rD;OBhacMj

nAef;nmef;OBh,OfheefhtvjndlOfj/

rmif@zOfb q.rf;vlpfjiOf;vmB;omBimBref;ao,Ofh wmif;nefvBjcdkef;

tr;xwf;x.ifawMbumefimef;wif;oAifjao cdkef;tr;twbwifj nUcUvUx

rfgbrfgbauMj qmif@rD;rM;,lb/ u.yfjeB wDjumefvfgaonrfbOMj nUcUvUx eBh

ref;rdlefeifb qmufjOlif;yefbvlifOBheefh,Ofh/ {jn.efuefarMqfgUwlpf;[Awf;

omifjvBj umefvDoDbwlOfeBh {jayhayhaourf;wMU/

(o.ef w.if; xmrf x.rfb Olefh/ eldifjurf; x.if? o.ifurf; xmrf? omrfurf; r.ufb?

oDburf; n.ufbyAefumef/)

qmB;ZMj (erfhwlj)


ulef;rldif;e.ufjcOf? ulef;,lbefg;rldif;vlif OAif;vlifcOftwh awyBb,mrfj

idef;OMj v.ifjnOfOef;uef/ ayM;Olefhwlpf;wDjy.ifbref; ,dlif;nmef;ref;

v.uf;vmB;[Awf;omifjref;twh vBjOMj yAefnefvDnefimrf; eB,lb/ wDjawh

ref;twhauMj vDawhawh,lbu.B;/

oifOMj udefcOfj=rfjarMjuef [Awf;umef=rfjuef nOfuefOMjyM;uef

yAef oAifvAOfacMjvAOftwh vBjOMj=rfjOef;uef/ qldifheifb rldif;tcbcOf =rfj

uefauMbomifjeMjumefcOf wMbOmefjrldif;cOfeefh/ eBhtwhnrfbyAefeef? udef

cOfj zuf;zfgref; =rfjuef[Awf;eMjumef wMbvif=def;ekdifjnef,Ofhekdifjnef?

yefbuef[Awf; awMbvif=def;ayM;aq;uefq.wfbuef? =def;uOf,Ofh=def;ref;?

nrfbvBjyefuM@yefcefwDjzfg awMbeMjumefayM;,OfhwlOfjeBh vBjOMj nOfuM;

uef nOfOef;uef eB,Ofh/ ayM;yAefOmefjn.efbOmefjndwf; rD;vif=def;odyf;

ymBtwhauMj nOfOef;uef[Awf;umef[B@umefeM;eBh vBjOMj xkufbrFefjvDuef

awhawh/ oifvif=def;rD; omrfodyf; [Mjodyf; ymufbymBrM;twh orfhaz[Awf;

qkrf;zfgqkrf;ref;a[ n.efuefnOfOef;uefugMb/ eBhvBjOMj yAefv.ifjz.rfhzAifb

uef z.rfh=rfjuefaujvdwfjv.ifj,myfbzdkwfb efg;umefimef;zfgref;,lb/ orfh

yAefnefvD,.ifja,M; vDnmrf;vDc.B vDnOfukifbnOfrkefuef,lb/

v.ifj[Awf;[B@[Awf;eM;nefOMjeefh zfg[Awf;wlpf;auMj ref;qifb=U

v.ifj,myfbref; v.ifjzdkwfbref; v.ifjvBjcmefqfgref;,Ofh/ ulef;auMUvAOf

[Awf;? ulef;=def;vAOf[Awf; tvj ulef;zkifulef;qkrf;[Awf;eBh ref;yldifjuefeMb/

nOfOef;uefeBh

[email protected][[email protected][MvmOfofg,dif; (vMjoAOfj)

ymB;[ef


cmOf;,mrf;eBh yAefnefuM@,fgbcefvlifawh/ [Awf;umef{j,Ofhq.rf;cmOf; {jwlOfj

xkdifefg;,mrf;eBhqifb rD;z.ef;vD,Ofh/ oifcOfjyBbxkdif=def; zldif;yBbxkdifumifh

eefh ykefjz.ef;yBb,Ofhu.efb/ vdlOfaoeBh idkef;wkdef; nefvBjZifOBhefg;[B@efg;

eM;eBh vkufhnOfodkOfhZef;odkOfhqdlOfh? [Fif;ulef;[Fif;OlOf;ugmB;? cdlifjavMUwmifb? [Fif;

qmifjvkrf;vM;xlpfj,ldOfj ofgbZkefbofgbxmwfj eBhauMjnrfbimBj/ xkdifcmOf;ymwfb

cmOf;ayMU cmOf;awMUauMj wkdufhawvBjoAifjidkef;eB zfgauMj yAefnef[Fif;cfgj

q.yfjcfgjnlefj,Ofh/ ,.efheB n.efuef[Mv.uf;vmB; nefnrfbvBjoAifjidkef;

w.if;erf? umefauMjqAOf;,OfhwlOfjeB/ v.ifjq.BjuefxFrfuef wif;qrfqfguef

ugMbeBh yAefnefvDvdlOfydlefj,OfheBao qifbrD;rM;OMj nOfOef;uef nOfuM;

uefa[ [Awf;umefq.rf;uef eB,Ofh/

rD;rM;v.B;v.B;,Ofhefg;eMjumef

rmif=def;orfhrD;wlifjeM;ugmifj Zef;cOfjOmefberf orfhuBOmefjuBolef

vBjugMbnOfOef;cOf yAefomrfOef;oDbOef; eMjqOfj=def;orfhnrfbuD@ ymBxDb

ymBeAOf vmwfjawMbydlefj ayM;yAefeifbcMjvdyf;cMjvFif vmwfjoAifqfgjacMjnrfb

qfgj? cfgjae;qDhae;q.uf; ydlefjvdkOfjauMj [mif@nrfbrFefjqfgcOf ydlefj,.ufb,Ofh

uefcFef;eMbC qldifheBauMjrD;rM;/ rmifwDjorfh eMjumefuFyfj vM@vD@[Awf;

vkyfj[Awf;vmyfjyef? yefbyefbq.efbq.efba[ [mifjOef;ekdifjauMj ayM;wef;

,Ofh,Ofh/ vBjyAefv.ifjnkyfbrlef@[kefhelOfuef ,.ufb,FufbaobwOfhuef [Awf;

rOfrOfrmifrmifugMbeBauMj vBjOMjnOfOef;uefekdifjOef; eB,lb/ eBhyAefv.ifj

[Awf;{jqfgulef;vlU? qfgulef;ydlifjugMb/ vldOfaoeBh ayM;xkdifcmOf;[Awf;umefrM;

ykefjwMbulef;ekdifjauMUeBh awvBjOBhwMbyAefulef; nOfOef;uefu.B;/ umefeMj

=def;qOfjuOfb wmifbqldOfhwmifbyldifauMj nrfb[Awf;vBj? umefrmufjrD;wmifbnef

auMj nrfbvBj[Awf;/ ukrfbugMbnOfOef;uef =def;ekdifj,Ofh=def;ekdifj ayM;cfgj[dkif

ugMbzmufbvldefomOf;Oef;ymB,Ofh/ ,.efheB ulef;ugMbnOfOef;uefeBh qmif@yAef

ulef;,lbvmB@? ulef;nrfbrD;umefrD;imef; ulef;qfgUymBwdefymBrdkOf;cOfu.B;,Ofh/

qldifheB auMUugMbnOfOef;a[[Awf;umefeefh q.ifbref;awOBhqfgvFwf;zmB cwf;

qfgcwf;acM;[Awf;umef,Ofhteb/


v.ifjnOfOef;uefeBh nrfbqfgjOMj efg;umef[B@umefeM; efg;cgmifbulef;

erf [Awf;v.ifjvDv.ifjqMUauMj ,if;rD;xFifju.efb/ rdlefOMj ]rldOfjtrj[Of;wmB

eefh ulef;=def;cOfrM;q.BjrM;xFrfawhawhOMjOMjndlOfj}? ]rdlOfjymifcFufbudefnlef

vkufjqmB;[Of;eefh nrfb[efulef;=def;cOfrM;q.BjaoauMU}? ]vkufj,dif;cOf

eefh zfgyAefoifauMj nrfbarMugMbq.BjxFrf=def;zfg}? ]nmBjeBh yAefulef;v.ifb

+ifbn.efbauMUekdifjndlOfj? umef=def;ydlefjtwh ref;uBh[Awf;awh[Awf;OMjeMb?

eMj=def;ref;twh nrfb=U,Ofh} eBhvBjOMj efg;v.ifjOmefjumefolefauMj rD;OBh

v.ifjnOfOef;uef,lbeB/

]=def;vkif;omifbvl;cOfeBh [FifheMbzFOf,Ofh/ urfhOMj cdkefj=def;rfgbOMj?

ymifqMUar;ref;OMj? nOfvkufjyfgUyAefo.ifyfgU? urf;eBhorfhOMj awnOfvkufjclpf

OMj? nrfbayM;OMj orfhaw[Awf;Oef;nmyfbvdlef vmefqmB;vlifref;xFifju.efb

OMj uFefbayhrM;[Awf;vBj,Ofh/ [Of;ayM;cfgjcmefhugMb nOfOef;ref;vMj/ nrfb

ayhnM;vM;[dkOfvMb} eB qldOf;eBh qldOf;eBh cfgjyAefv.ifjyef[Mn.efb nefrD;efg;

eMjumef,Ofh/

n.efuefolifnOfOef;uef

yDje.ifhwB;[Of;urfjerf uBharMolifnOfOef;uef? olif[yfhcFufbvAifhvl

cFufbcOfawh/ eBhvBjOMj yAefv.ifjqfgvD qfgaqbweMbzldufbqkdefjcmOfofgeB,lb/

ukdifbayM;vBjOMj ][ufhuefydlOfjwmif;udef} eB,Ofh/ oifOMj yAefeifb=def;zlj,fgb

ulef;vlif ylbaubylbumifh zljrmufjrD;vDyAefcOf cFef;eMb,Ofh/ n.efuefugMb[Awf;

umef nOfOef;uef nrfbvBjOMj ugMbnOfeMjnOfwMuef ugMbq.BjxFrfcOfjn.ufb

uef ugMb[Awf;wmifeMj=def;wMa,;uefeBu.efb/ ulef;xOfjorfhugMb=rfjqlrf;

q.rf;? ulef;ekrfborfhugMb=rfj[Fif;q.rf;? emif;,dif;cOforfhugMbnOf[Fif;q.rf;[Awf;

eB ayM;vBjOMj udkef;n.ufhn.ufh udkef;ndkufhnkdufhOBh,lb/ ylbauborfhOMj ]nlpf;auMU

vkufjclpfref; ulef;efg;OAif;cOfawrM;tvbwlpf; Oef;[Of;nOfOef;uefo.rfj

eM;? nlpf;auMUvkufj,dif;omOfvlifref; awrD;r.ufjoDb[MjauMUeefhOMj cOfyBb

,mrfjvBj[efydlefjo.rfjeM;eBOMb/ ulef;[drf;=def;cOf an;,lifb? an;vFif?

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viftwh awyAefq.rf;Zdifjref;ugMb,lb/

C C

wdkef; - The Unconquered

by W. Somerset Maugham

qifbokdyfbxFifj


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oifbc.ifzljrD;qefh auMUrldOfjuBjeefheifbuOfbeM/

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z.if;eifbeef ]wDjwyfhoOf;zuf;ukrfb n.ufbcrf;OMj} eB n.ufb

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cOfjn.ufbuefvBj,Ofhvl;- OlefheifbeBao cdif;vmOf;ymef;eBh yM;wif;vOfjyB

wmif; (nrfbqfgjvOfjcOfj qldifhefg;zAif;ugmrf;qmB;oFifq.rfZMUeefh? yAefvOfj

uRef@[email protected];) n.efbo.ifwOfjao cOfj=def;zlju.ef;wyfhrM;,Ofh/

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vMj} wif;OMj wif;nOfwOfjvOfjyBwmif;eefh okwfhrM;ql;wmif;zlju.ef;

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qefrmefbqrfjwrf;zmBbeMjao

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wlpf;zmufbeMj,Ofhwlpf;zmufbcmifj

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wlpf;yBbndrfbokdyfbwlpf;xFifj

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nOfrdkOf;avMjzFwf;avMjzFwf;

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nrfbckdwf;qfgvDtvj

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vmBjodlOfjvmBjulefzdkefekdifj,Ofhzkdefekdifjaowlpf;

POEMwlpf;awhwlpf;OMj

rldif;vFif;rldif;vFif;


tr;nOf,mifwM;clef=Ofyluf;wifjwifjao

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[Awf;rldef Rocker aowlpf;

[Awf;qldifh Alter aowlpf;

wlpf;C wlpf;

wlpf;,Ofhwlpf;xFifj

ulef;wlpf;uOf vldOfaouOfwlpf;uOfeBh

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tu;trjerfhofgofg

qefqfgqdlOfhZef;[M;n.ufbilif;

awvlif;vkpf;efg;e.if

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nrfbvlif;vkpf;

ukpfhq.rf;[drf; nAef;wBbZifbe.if

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ydlefjorfhnkyfb C C/

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qmB;omrfvFif;qmB;omrfvFif;


cfgj{jrfg;

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eefhauMjC nrfbqfgj/

cfgj{jrfg;

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n.ufboAifvAOfOMj ]wB;} eBu.pf;/

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cfgj{jrfg;crf; (rldif;ukwfj)crf; (rldif;ukwfj)


vlrf;vFifhvlif ]eMbudwfh}

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twbcOfjrM; wDj[drf;ukef ][mB;usD;}

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wDjifgjc.efberfh c.efjurfhukeferf

qrfndlrfjymifbvmBb wDjymufb ]erfhuAOf} vBy.ifbeefh/

okdyfbywfhzFOfwOfj cOfjxkdif ]wMjukifj}

rif,kifjulefbyif; [Fif;qifbnlefj,.rf;

cdkefjq.rf;wlef;v.B u.ByAefZlefvlif

wluf;vlif;ugMb,Ofha[M;/

vlrf;vFifhvlifeBh

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wlefjnef,fgbvlif vlrfhulefboAifj,Ofh/

vlrf;zwfh =def; xAif

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POEMvlrf;vFifhvlif eMbudwfh

qmB;yFif; ([MUvmef;)qmB;yFif; ([MUvmef;)

wlOfxlyf;vlrf;vFifhvlifwlOfxlyf;vlrf;vFifhvlif


zlpf;zlwfberfhvkdifj ,kdifj,kufhxlrfjOmefj

xmefjywf;zAOfjnOf clOf;clOf =def;a,; ulef; owf; ugMboAifj

rlwf;uAifju.B;udkwf; oOf;ykwf;wifjOBh

eBhyAefOmefjeB zfgaw=UvBj ayM;nrfbvmwfj/

q.rf;omyfbymifbvmBb ymBaovlrf;vmifh

ukdifhumifherfhckdefj ,dkifjxlrfjq.rf=def;auMj rD;eB

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wmBxmefjnmefbrdkefb cdkefjxdkifoFefvldOf,Ofh/

xkdif[kdifrM;

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v.ifjq.rf;omBerfh rmefhqrfhufgjy.if;

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ckwf;[Awf;vkuf;vlif nef,fgbeMb

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zfgyAefzfgeB awMjnrfb=U

zfgqrfqfgzfg auMjnrfb=U

u.B;=UrM;wkrf ckrfvAOf=rfjuef


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Oef;vlrf;vFifhvlif ywfheefhqrf;

vldefarb o.ifOef; ,AyfbcOfjomrfOef;

[email protected][AifymByFwfbeDja[M;

ayM;awuFrf;wlpf;

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orfhcOfjugMbxFifjOef;edkifjeefh yAef ]Oef;rlpfh}

awvBjqlpfhao nkyfbq.rf;OMj[dkOfauMj nrfb=U,Ofh/

(acMjoifb auMUqldOf;rkdwfj C

]w.ifhavM;} ]uM,mif;} xif[mif;nrfb,lb

rldOf;olbrldif;v.Btvj umrfbvDndlOfjcldOfC!

oifnrfbeeftyb

vBj[Fef;o.rf;qAwf;=rfjuef

{jnefrldOf;[MnljvDtrjvDeBao

awvBjrldOf;wmef; wDj ]qOfjoFwfhqMb} [Of;,OfhnldOfj/

ukifbtrjukrfhtvj rldOf;rldif;ukdif

ukifbcldOf;ukrfhtvj rdlOf;rldif;ukwfj

vBjvkwfjcAef=if rBhvlifvlrfhwAifn.ifjcldOf,lbeefhvl;/

]vFif;odrfb} rfg;auMj uBhzkduf;Owfhugmrf;

olyf;Omef;rlefjaoMb ugmrf; ]vkif;qa';anMbawMb}OMj

]a,M;C ydkwfbymifbvFif;rfgb uMjwif;vmB C} eBwduf;wduf;tvj

rBhvlifulefboAifj uAifjwMydkwfbymifbawh,OfhndlOfj

wMjukifjOef;rldOfjeBh

vFif;rfgb nrfbvFif;rfgbtwhyBb=U

oOfrfgbomBrfgbZB;ZMUrfgbtwh yluf;wifj,Ofh/)


oAifjumrfb - yD@wB; 2102 eDj? vldefqAwf;vBj (20) Oef;? =OfefgqOfh

(01:20) rlif; (23.6.2008) Oef;qef/

- oAifjwDja[ModefOwfhaObvkOefbumifOAif;? OAif;rlbaq@?

rdlif;wB;y.wf;+ifb/

qOfjcl;arMwB; cdif;idkef;,.wfj

nrfbeef

qOfjqa';idkef;,.wfj-rdlif;,k

ydkef;uFyfjqOfjcl;arM


qdkOfjn.efb - ilOfh /

nljtrj - cdif;cdlOf;oFifnmBjvl; (rldif;+rf-rldif;qD;) tvj

emB;cdlOf;oFifn.ifbx.ef; (rdlif;c.ef)/

udlwfb[efeMj - yD@auM;qMb 1295 eDj? vldefodyf;o.ifrfgb (14) crfj (Oef;nif;umef;)/

- udlwfbwDj Omefjukif;uvM;? aq@OAif;erfhcrf;/

yDje.ifh=rfjw.ifh - qmB;crf;qkdefj,Dj (uRufhtr;)? emif;rsMU (oFefOD)? emif;

oMb (rldif;,k? aq@OAif;ulwfhcmB)? qOfjcl;arMwB; vkif;

umefjcrf;omifbomrf-vMjoAOfj)? qmB;ilOfh (qOfjqa';

idkef;,.wfj) eB wmrf;uefrM;,Ofh/

(efg;ydkef;uFyfj qOfjcl;arMwB; vkif;idkef;,.wfj nef

qOfjokcrf; (wmifh,mef;) wFrfjeefh aeOBhOMj- rD;yDj

nmBj (4) auMU? yDjemif; (4) auMU) /

v.ifjo.ef[Aef; - vBjtwbcdkefj=if;[Aef; ndif;uvAwfj (1) yD@? OmB;vif

vBjokdyfbcdkefj=if;[Aef;qMbymefb [kdif (3) vdlefao rldif;vk

tvj vBjudkwf;yFwfj/

- rdlOfjnMb,k vBj (10) yD@ vBjugMb[Awf;omifbv.if;? cmrfb

omifbwDjOwhfaqM;wd Omefj[kuf;cmB;r.ef? aq@OAif;rldif;

rdwfj nefqOfj,oxrfbr ukrf;ugmef;eefh/ [Awf;omifb

(5) yD@ao zdkuf;arMZmBbvl (a[M;) ZmBbwFrfjvifbuMbrM;/

- cl;o.efnefylifo.efyefvifbuMb yAefYoMbqOfjudwfhwd

xrfbr (qOfjrldif;+rf)? u.yfjydlOfjrD;yMb'rDbZmBbvifbuMb

vdufjvliftvj qArfrldOfjnMb,kwkdufhvBj (11) clyfb ayM;

wFrfjn.ufbvBj vdufjxrf;o.ifrlb nefyAefypfbqufhcefb

xMb tvj Ode, eefh,Ofh/

umefeMj=def; - OmB;aoodufjvlif;uRif;rM; q.BjayMjtrj uMUcmBclOf;q.rf;

umwfbwDjekdifj,OfhwDjekdifj/

- rdlOfjnMb,k vBj (22) z.if;ugMbuMUcmBwDjrldif;,keefh =yfh


pM;emif;nDbcrf;ao twbeMj=def;=rfjuef,Ofh okdyfb

,lbugMbwDjrldif;,k/

- =rfjwif; emif;nDbcrf;ao rD;vkufj (7) auMU- qmB;vMU

u.Bb (crf;vyf;)? qmB;,Djrlefb? qmB;omrfrlefb? emif;qAif

wB;? emif;crf;ymifb? emif;ulrfwef? emif;an;n.efb eB

wmrf;uefugMb/

umefwFrfjvdufj - qArfrdlOfjwkdufhrD;edlOfuRif; awMbayM;rM;[Awf;ulef;uMU yAef

wFrfjvdufjnrfbxmwfb/ zdlOfbrM;,lbrldif;,k wFrfjrlbvdufj

xrf;,OfhugMb (206) =Of/ efg;eefh yBbeyfhyM;vdufj,mwfb

erfh? vdufjrmufby.B; nefrD;wif;erfwif;vmBeefhu.efb/

,.efh,lbwDjrldif;,kaowFrfjtvj qifbqyf;qdkOfjOMj -

]qOfjqa';rldif;,k} eB,Ofh/

- efg;vdufjxrf;vifbuMb nefvBjy.ifwFrfjrM;qldOf;eefh

nefref;qOfjauMj vBjqfgvdlOfydlefjao ulef;wif;erf

auMj=UxkdifeBh yAef ]y.B;wkduf;okduf;rluf;=uf;ymif}? rlbvdufj

nefeBheBh ndwfbyAefyyfhao ydkeftzn.ufbrdlOfjyD@ (<)

eefh,Ofh,Ofh/

- efg;nefref;qOfjvBjqfgvdlOfydlefjeefh yM;wif;rlbvdufj

]rMb¡efbWd,okwfj} ao yAefnefref;qOfj ae

erfhugmrf;? vyfhymBurfOBheefh,Ofh/

umefo.efvifbuMb - eifb[kdOfacMjugmrf;vifbuMbwB; awrD;yuf;yldifwFwfjeFwfj

tvj awrD;cl;vmB;okdyfbo.efyefuefvBjeefh ref;qOfj

y.ifwrf;OBhyefyldifvifbuMb nefOMj ]oDberfhugmrf;? omrf

udOf? wlef;oAifvmyfjo.ifwlef;? oAifokwf;oDboAif}qdlOf;

eBhao orfhydkwfbzkpfbymifo.efyef oifbcMb ndufbwif;

ulef;=def;=OfvlbylbqmefcOfu.efb,Ofh/

- ymifo.efvifbuMb tvj vdufjwB;acMjoAifwFwfj nef

ref;qOfj vBjydkwfbzkpfbrM;eefhqrf; -


(1) Owfhv.Bwkdifcrf; OAif;rlbaq@ (4) y.ufj

(2) OwfhaObvkOefbumifOAif; OAif;rlbaq@

(3) OwfhrmefjnmBjvlif aq@OAif;vMjoAOfj

(4) Owfhe.ifnmifb yAwf;crf; rdlif;rmOf; (2) y.ufj

(5) Owfhv.B=OfoldOf

(6) Owfhwdkif;vlif aq@OAif;rlbaq@

(7) Owhfukif;avM; aq@OAif;rmefjarMj?

aq@rdlif;cmif

(8) OAif;rldif;rdwfj rldif;wB;y.wf;+ifb

(9) OwfhypMbvifbuMb'wB;aqM;wd OAif;rldif;,mif;?

aq@rldif;cmif

(10) Owfhrmefjo.ef;YzM;e.ef;rldif; nldifbv.BodlOf?

aq@OAif;erfhcrf;

qdlOf;eBh,Ofh/

v.ifjvBjxkufb,kufh,.ifj - rldOfjyD@wB; 2092 eDj? vldefodyf;o.ifvBj (28)Oef;

(16.11.1998) eefh vBjxkufb,kufhwifjyAef =OfyOfj


rlbqkrf;yfgUyM;YwM;vifbuMbzMboMbzmBbwB; aq@OAif;

rlbaq@? [email protected];/

- rldOfjyD@wB; 2096 eDj? vBj[yfhqkrfjcl;arMwB;

vcdwauM;ydwuOd nefauMvdufjvmB;tvj

ZdifjtijwB;-wMjukifj e.yfbyefefg;ymify.B;yD@rfgbwB;

wDjOwfhwB;uOfjvuf;? aq@OAif;r,mef;ulif;? wldif;

wMjukifj/

- rdlOfjyD@wB; 2102 eDj? Oef;vldef=uf;rlef;

(19.5.2008) eefh vBj[yfhqkrfjcl;arMwB; nefrkufh

qkrf;iOfjikef;vlifoifbcMbqkdifjwB;e.yfbyef wDj

uRif;ydwumwfj? OAif;ymifvlif z.if;y.B;[email protected];crf;

v.ifjwFrfjw.yfbclefhcBjvdufjy'd,wfhwdowfhxrfbr

yMbvuFefbqOfjqkdifjwB;/

v.ifjndwfbn.ufbyAefyyfh - ,lbwDj=OfyOfj rlbqkrf;yfgUyM;YwM;vifbuMbzMboMb

zmBbwB;ao vBjn.ef=Ofemrf;eMj ndwfbn.ufbrM;

qrfh-

(1) vdufjumOfbvlbOmif;wmef; tvj vdufj,mwfb

erfh

(yD@ C ? y.ufjxDjekdifj 1,000 yyfh)

(yD@ C ? y.ufjxDjo.if 500 yyfh)

(2) xrf;qOfjwMbena,; oax;omufjaob

(yD@ C ? y.ufjurf;ekdifj 1,000 yyfh)

(3) [Fef;o.rf;ulOfbqM; q.rfYwM;oAifjugMb


(4) xrf;arM;owfhxrufhuacbrMb-erfhugmrf;qOfj

cdif;vlifqAefjcrf;ofg? aq@vmefh



qldOf;eBh,Ofh/

acMjoifckdufhvdkufh - (1) =rfjerfh=rfjvdef ,Mbqmefj

=rfjnldifb=rfjOmefj ,Mbqif;

=rfjrkifh=rfj[if; ,Mbulwfh/

(2) yDjeMjr.ifh e.ifheMjaiM;

eMj=def;arM;,lb,myfb/

(3) e.ifheMjuDj yDjolyf;Omef

rD;zmef[Of;,lbimBj/

vdufjudkwf;/ / cmyfjwlOfqOfjqa';idkef;,.wfj-rldif;,keBh vBjnOfwmifb

u.ifZB;omif;usLOfbugMb rdlOfj 2102 eDj? vldefqAwf;vBj (20)

Oef; (23.6.2008) Oef;qef? wmrf;crfj 4:00 rlif;wArf

wrfjwDjyMb[AOfjOAif;rlbaq@eefh,Ofh/

umifbcMoFif

zkdefndif- (1) ydkef;uFyfjqOfjcl;arMwB; vkif;idkef;,.wfj-qOfjokcrf;

(wmifh,mef;) uAyf;rmBydkef;/

(2) ydkef;uFyfjqOfjvdufj,fgbvmB;vlif vkif;idkef;,.wfj- rlbqkrf;

yfgUyM;YwM;vifbuMbzMboMbzmBbwB;? aq@OAif;rlbaq@?

[email protected];/

(3) wmrfwlOfq.yfbxmrfwFrfjrmBrM; wDjymifqMbye qOfjqa';

idkef;,.wfj-rldif;,k/

umifbcMoFif


zdkefrmBw.if;udkuf;ydkef; (50) yDwArf (yDu.ef;crf;)

ymify.B;vlif wFrfjw.yfbclefhcBjvdufj

y&d,wfwdowfxrfryMv uFefbqOfjqdkifjwB;

OAif;ymifvlif

y.B;,mwfberfh =if;xrf;vlif y.B;,mwfberfh =if;xrf;vlif

(okOefbezlbrd)(okOefbezlbrd)

(yDu.ef;crf;)(yDu.ef;crf;)

iOfjikef;rkufhqkrf;vlifoifbcMbqkdifjwB;iOfjikef;rkufhqkrf;vlifoifbcMbqkdifjwB;

OAif;ymifvlifOAif;ymifvlif


olifbcmOfb - qmB;okef,kufh

xBb[mif@ - vFif;omBZMU


zdkefrmBw.if;udkuf;ydkef; (50) yDwArf (yDu.ef;crf;)

ymify.B;vlif wFrfjw.yfbclefhcBjvdufj

y'd,wfwdowfxrfryMv uFefbqOfjqdkifjwB;? OAif;ymifvlif

y.B;,mwfberfh =if;xrf;vlif (okOefbezlbrd) (yDu.ef;crf;)

iOfjikef;rkufhqkrf;vlifoifbcMbqkdifjwB;? OAif;ymifvlif

yD 1370 eDj vldef=uf;rfgb (7) crfj? (11.05.2008) ,mrf;umifefg (8:00)

rlif;eefh- 1. ydkwfbzkpfbclifhOmif; (rkufhnl;) vlif/ uFwf;rBvmBjy.Bbrmufby.if;vlrf;

rdefaoydkwfbzkpfb/ 2. ydkwfbzkpfb=if;xrf;vlifokOefbezlbrd (yDu.ef;crf;)

iOfjikef;rkufhqkrf;vlifoifbcMbqkdifjwB;? Owfhydwumwfj OAif;ymifvlif/ wAuf;eAef

(control) aoydkwfbzkpfb/ 3. ydkwfbzkpfbvdufjw.ufb[def (yDu.ef;crf;) wAef;

eAefaoydkwfbzkpfb/ 4. ydkwfbzkpfb+ifjteydkef; ymB;r.ef;ykwfhxqOfj? +ifj

teydkef;qOfjydkwfbeMj ydwumwfjwB;? qOfjYoMbvlif b'́EÅ ynmabm* ? +ifjteydkef;iOfjikef;rkufhqkrf;vlifoifbcMbqkdifjwB; OAif;ymifvlif? +ifjteydkef;

auMtz y'd,wfwdowfxrfryMbvuFefbqOfj ul@aq@OAif;? +ifjte[mifj

rdlef [mifjZmifeMjvdef Owfhydwumwfj? OwhfrlpfbawMb/ 5. ydkwfbzkpfb+ifj

teydkef;YzM;ykwfhxqOfj/ uFwf;rBvmBj y.Bbrmufby.if;vlrf;rdefao ydkwfbzkpfbugMb

,lb,Ofh/

ymifydkwfbzkpfb clifhOmif;vlify.B;yDu.ef;crf; tvj ymifydkwfbzkpfbul@

wDjwDjeefh qkrf;qOfjoifbcMbcOf? zlj,fgbulef;vlifzmBbwyfhzmBb[mef? ulef;

vlifzmBboMboeMb? qkrf;xrfbrqusMb? qkrf;auMvdufjvmB;tvjZdifjtijwB;?

yDje.ifhefg;rldif;wB;? rldif;rmefj? rldif;cmif? rldif;tcb? rldif;xB; cOfrM;cdkefj+wfjyef

nAefyef[Fif;ugMb,lb,Ofh/

cmOfb


,mrf;umifOef; (12:00) rlif; ydkwfbzkpfbymifwFrfjw.yfbvdufj? wAuf;

eAef (control) aoydkwfbzkpfb/ qOfjoifbcMbcOf twbymifwFrfjw.yfbvdufj

wDjedlOfOwfhrifbuvMbrlpfbawMb tvj Owfhydwumwfj OAif;ymifvlif,lb,Ofh/

ymifwFrfjw.yfbvdufjeefh twbnOfvldef=uf;rfgb (7) crfj awMbxdkif vldef=uf;rfgb

(9) crfj[kdif (3) Oef;,lb,Ofh/

yD 1370 eDj? vldef=uf;rfgb (10) crfj (14.05.2008) ,mrf;umifefg 7:00

rlif;? ydkwfbzkpfbuDjq.ifj ymifclefhcBjvdufj awMbxdkif vldef=uf;rfgb (11) crfj

OmB;Oef; 4:00 rlif; wkyfbq.ifjndkwf;ymifclefhcB@vdufj,lb,Ofh/ rdlOfjydkwfbuDjq.ifj

wkyfbq.ifjeefh qkrf;ekrfb[mB; auMvdufjvmB;tvjZdifjtijwB; OAif;ymifvlifcOf

nOfykefjz.ef;ugMb,lb,Ofh/

oAefjrmBqOfjoifbcMbwFrfjw.yfbvdufj (yDu.ef;crf;)

qefhvdufj cOfj n.ifb wluf; vk

qefhqOfjcl;o.ef ("r®mp&d,) 30 24 6 -

qefh q|r 39 32 7 -

qefh yÍör 65 49 15 1

qefh pwkw¦ 97 73 22 2

qefh wwd, 56 54 2 -

qefh 'kwd, 135 119 16 -

qefh yxr 336 190 145 1

qefh rlv 618 549 66 3

=rfj 1376 1090 279 7


oAefjrmBqOfjoifbcMbclefhcBjvdufj

qefhvdufj cOfj n.ifb wluf; vk

qefh q|r 24 24 - -

qefh yÍör 54 49 3 2

qefh pwkw¦ 71 69 - 2

qefh wwd, 56 56 - -

qefh 'kwd, 125 125 - -

qefh yxr 272 266 4 2

qefh rlv 482 452 8 2

=rfj 1084 1041 15 8

yD 1370 eDj vldef=uf;rfgb (12) crfj? (16.05.2008) ykdefn.ufbrmB

n.ifbwFrfjw.yfbclefhcBjvdufj/ ,mrf;umifcrfj twbydkwfbymifvOfbrlefj? uFwf;rB

vmBjy.Bbrmufby.if;vlrf;rdefao ydkwfbzkpfbugMb,lb,Ofh/ okdyfbrmBcyfhymifvOfbrlefj

eefh qkrf;auMvdufjvmB;tvjZdifjtijwB;? OAif;ymifvlif? OAif;wlefjwD;? OAif;

rldif;y.ef? OAif;rldif;yefb? OAif;vmif;cldOf;? OAif;erfhqmif? OAif;rdlif;ukdif? OAif;erfh

vefj? OAif;uRuf;tr;? OAif;vmB;cMj? Omefjxkifh,ldif;cOf rM;vOfbrlefjtchuef

wmif;uMj,ldif;OBh,lb,Ofh/ ymiftchcAifbwmif;uMjeefh qkrf;auMvdufjvmB;tvjZdifj

tijwB; OAif;ymifvlif vBjugMbxDhekdifj/ qkrf;auMvdufjvmB;tvjZdifjtijwB; OAif;

uRuf;tr; vBjugMbxDho.if? qkrf;auMvdufjvmB;tvjZdifjtijwB; OAif;erfhvefj

vBjugMbxDhomrf,lb,Ofh/

zlj+ifhugmrf;wB;ymefrfgb qmB;_,dif; (44) auMU- qmB;n.ifbxD;crf;?

qmB;oFifq.rfZMU? qmB;qldif;[mef? qmB;,.BU? qmB;omBvFif; (erfhzdwfhzl;)? qmB;


q.rfOlif;? xFefjvFOf;? qmB;vFif;ymifb? qmB;usLpfh? qmB;uAifoldif;? oldOfuFrfcdlOf? omB

Zlef? oMbn.ifb? q.rfrdlif;[mef? qmB;z.ef;rmOf;? qmB;vmOfcdlOf;? qmB;n.ifbnl;?

qmB;vmB;vFif;[mef? qmB;crf;ymifbZMU? qmB;ausMbtwh? qmB;okef[mB;? qmB;rmOf;

omef;? qmB;vmOfrlef;? ekrfboldOf[mef? w.rfbyD;? ydkef;? zdlOfwdkef;ofg? z.rfhvFif;?

omrfoDOef;? Roze ? qmB;odlOfrlOf;? qmB;z.rfhoFifrldif;? qmB;cArfcrf;? emif;oMb'Mb?

emif;r.ufbqmrfcrf;? emif;crf;cdefb? ,dif;Owf;wdif;? emif;vMelef;? emif;r.ufb

rlpfvFif;? emif;oFifr.ef;crf;? emif;crf;e.ifhvFif;? emif;rlOfrlOfcrf;an;? emif;

oFifvdkef;crf; rM;vOfbrlefjwlefjqfgyefugMb,lb,Ofh/

zmBbZdifjtijymefuOfb qkrf;qmwfjqldif;oFif;wB;- r.ufbu.efwB;?

r.ef;oFifydkef;wB;? oFif;wB;rmB (1) OAif;ymifvlifcOfauMj rM;teqldif;wB;uMjte

vmB;r.ufbwdefr.ufbrdkOf;[mif@vD? vmB;vFOf;? vmB;c.efh? vmB;oFefh? uMjelufh? uMj

wlOf; q.rf;eifbZdifjuOfbvmB;uMjwB;[Of;rD;rM;eefh,Ofh/ ymifvOfbrlefjwmif;

uM@+ifhugmrf; ymefuOfb_ymefrfgbeefh awMbxkdif vldef=uf;rfgb (14) crfj

(18.05.2008) eefh,lb,Ofh/

yD 1370 eDj? vldef=uf;rfgb (13) crfj (17.05.2008) ,mrf;umifefg

7:00 rlif; ymif;yyfhxrf;YwM;ydwumwfjomrfu.if wmifbqmifhvAyfjOAif;? twbnOf

wDj=if;[Aef;qefhiOfj OmefjnFefeefhao nOfyyfhxrf;YwM;ydwumwfjomrf

u.if wmifbqmifh? nefyAefqkrf;ekrfb[mB;qmB;auMvdufjZdifjwB;? qkrf;zlj,fgbulef;

vlifzmBboMboeMbauM;yucOf ul@OAif;OAif; ,dyf;yyfhxrf;YwM;ydwumwfjomrf

u.ifao cyfhwmrf;yAefxFOf[mifj[Fef;wif;omBokdyfb qOfja[Mcrf;? emif;a[Mcrf;?

z.if;rldif;arM=UvM;? ckefokduf;? ckefzDemif;zDcOf vAyfjOAif;awMbxkdif+wfjrM;

efg;ymify.B;eefh,Ofh/

,mrf;umifcrfj 9:00 rlif;eefh ,.ifja,M;zljn.ef=Ofqmwfjqldif;oFif;

wB;ymefuOfb w.efj,dkefjyef zdkefOfg,.ifjukifbtvjqkrfjcFyf;uFOfj =rfjyM;Okwfh

xkidkef; auMUodyf;oFef (1,000,000) ysM;- 1. vkif;anM;aqb, OAif;oDbayMU?

2. vkif;eefbwxD; OAif;ymifvlif/ zljwFrfjugmrf;ymB;r.ef;- 1. Dr.qmB;crf;vAuf;?

2. qmB;vmOfofg/ zlj+ifhugmrf;- 1. qmB;omBrmOf;? 2. (qmB;xD;oFif)? 3. emif;emif;

uAif;wkif? 4. emif;ekrfbrmOf;/


yD 1370 eDj? vldef=uf;rfgb (14) crfj (18.05.2008) ? umifOef; 12:00

rlif; umyfjvlbzdkefOfg=rfqlrf;tvj vlbwmef;Okwfhxkidkef; wrfjwDjqOfjn.ifb

vdufjqefhrlv awMbxkdif qefh q|r eefh,lb,Ofh/

yD 1370 eDj? vldef=uf;rlef; (19.05.2008) umifOef; 12:00 rlif;

umyfjvlbzdkefrfg=rfqlrf;tvj vlbwmef;Okwfhxkidkef; wrfjwDjqOfjn.ifbvdufj

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Transcript of vrf:efGz jxwl f;v dufj (5) vkufh[Aw f;w lp f;tvj ,Mbu lOfz dw f; vdufjw B;u gmrf;w B; (8) yked f;v...