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Role of NGO in Health Care Delivery

Presenter: Dr Sandhya Rani Javalkar

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Non government Organisation

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Contents What is an NGO? History of NGO Role and responsibilities of NGO Difference in NGO and GO NGO as partner in health care delivery NGO and NRHM Leading NGOs – Nationally and

Internationally Advantages of NGO in health care Few review articles Few NGOs

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Introduction

Include organizations engaged in public service, based on ethical, social, religious.

Formal/ Informal groups

Following characteristics: Private, Self-governing Registered organizations/ informal groups Defined aims and objectives Do not return profits

Source: NGO India website, http://ngo.india.gov.in/faq_ngo.php

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History of evolution of NGO in India Dates long back in history

During 18th century: emergence of self help Friend-in-Need Society (1858) Prathana Samaj (1864) Satya Shodhan Samaj(1873)

In 1916 : Mahatma Gandhi’s focus on Swadeshi movement, Voluntary action.

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History of evolution of NGO in India 1951: First Five-Year Plan

“In any plan for social and economic regeneration, state should give them maximum cooperation in strengthening their efforts.”

1965–1966: International NGOs entered India in significant numbers

1980 :NGOs began to be formally recognized as development partners of the state

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How many NGOs in India??

India witnessing NGO boom

Around 20 lakh of them in states and union territories.

There is 1 for every 600 people.

one policeman for every 943 people.

India has just one doctor for every 1,700 people. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-witnessing-NGO-boom-

there-is-1-for-every-600-people/articleshow/30871406.cms

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PRIA survey

Participatory Research in Asia, 1982

Engaged in religious activities: 26.5%

Work in the area of social service: 21.3%

NGOs works in education: one in five

Fields of sports and culture: 17.9%

Only 6.6% work in the health sector.

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Types of NGO

Service Empowering

Charitable Participatory

Looking at the role of the Non-Governmental Organizations in primary health care field in India to meet the Millennium Development Goals.

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Supplementing GO

Health legislati

on

Role of

NGO

Pioneering

Education Service

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Difference in NGO and GOGOVERNMENT ORGANISATION

NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION

Prof. Amartya Sen, the relationship between the state and NGOs is one of “cooperative conflict”.

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NGO as partner in health care delivery Health Education Clinic Services. Water and

sanitation Nutrition Communicable

diseases Family planning

Nearly half (42%) had targeted the poor as their main beneficiaries. Followed by Mothers, youth and general public

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Bangladesh’s GonoshasthayaKendra(1971) A comprehensive and

innovative health care system

Primary health care to advanced surgical care

Access to health was non existent in a wider radius.

Today- 2500 employee and 12 centres

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What makes GonoshasthayaKendra special??

Primary group

• Most elementary course

• To village women usually illiterate

• Hygiene, common ailments

• 1 week of training

The second group

• Illiterate women

• Trained by GK for the government.

• 1 month of training

• Evaluated by a GK doctor

• Gov stipend

The third group

• Paramedics, 5 yrs schooling

• To treat diseases

• How and when blood, urine, sputum and stool tests

• Family planning

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Specific roles of NGOs in primary health care development

Work for greater understanding and positive attitudes

Assist national policy formation in health care.

Establish greater collaboration, coordination

Evaluative techniques to render all new programs are accountable to real community needs

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During Implementation of program Particular attention to local community

development groups

Conduct reviews and assessment of existing health programs

Enables communities to assume greater responsibility for their own health

Ensure increase in beneficiaries for existing programs

Expand their training efforts, e.g., training of health workers, supervisors.

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NGO and NRHM Supplementary or complementary role

Selection/approval of the NGOs and overseeing implementation of the projects

Key features:

Decentralization of the schemes Emphasis on measurable qualitative and

quantitative performance indicators. Increased interface of NGOs with Government

bodies. Rationalization of the jurisdiction area serviced

by the NGO to provide in depth service.

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NGO and NRHM

MOTHER NGO (MNGO) SCHEME

SERVICE NGO (SNGO) SCHEME

STATE NGO COORDINATORS (SNGOCS)

RRCs

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Responsibilities of NGOs in their relationship with WHO Implementing the mutually agreed

programme of collaboration

Utilize the opportunities to disseminate information policies and programmes.

Collaborate individually or collectively in WHO programmes to further health-for-all goals.WHO | Principles Governing Relations with Nongovernmental Organizationshttp://www.who.int/civilsociety/relations/principles/en/ 6/6

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Leading NGOs in India

Lepre society

Uday foundation

Aravind eye care system

Smile foundation

Udaan

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Leading NGOs - Internationally CARE(Co operative assistance and

relief)

HelpAge

Rotary International

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Advantages of NGO in health care Flexible , Transparent, accountable

and efficient

Strengthen PPP

Strengthen International co operation

Significant influence on national program, policies and legislations

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Problems and Issues of NGO Affairs: Inequitable

distribution

Political pressure

Limited resources

Gov Co operation

Aid providing agencies

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Making Health Care Work for the Poor By Nance Upham, Review of the NGO

experiences in selected Asian countries.

Looked at four aspects:

Health care and socio-economic context. Global advocacy capacities Proven capacities for comprehensive primary

health care Capacities to innovate and prepare health

systems for the future.

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Health System for the poor need not be poor

health system

NGOs favour “best of” in Primary Health Care

NGOs’ assets:

Know-how to deliver good health care to poor

Powerful advocacy capacity for health as a human right

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Potential for Gov-NGO partnership in Health care WHO publication stated that:

NGOs are not ready for engagement in the governance of the national programme.

No networking amongst NGOs to be able to partner and exercise voice.

At present NGOs work in isolation

Negative competitive orientationhttp://www.who.int/macrohealth/events/civil_society_asia/en/Potential_for_Government_NGO_Partnership_in_Health_Care.pdf

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Professional bodies

PHFI: Public health foundation India

Independent accredition body to regulate standards of health education

Establishing strong research network

Catalysing growth and evolution

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International Redcross Henry Dunant, buisnessman 1859 Objective: aid to the wounded without distinction

Activities:

Disaster management First aid Maternal and child welfare Health education

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Indian Red Cross Society 1920 Working in 35 states More than 400 branches

Objective: promotion of health, prevention of disease and mitigation of suffering

Activities :

Relief Medical supplies Maternal and child welfare services, FP Blood Bank and First aid

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Rockfeller Foundation

Mr John D Rockfeller Public health and medical education

India: 1920

Uniqueness: All India Institute of Hygiene and Public health, Kolkatta.

Family planning, rural training centre and medical education

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Center for Health and Development (CHD – India) Location: Ground Floor, Millennium Towers, Opp Highland

Hospital, Falnir, Mangalore

VISION STATEMENT:

To reach out through humanitarian efforts and to articulate frameworks that advance conversations in health and development

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References NGO India website, http://ngo.india.gov.in/faq_ngo.php Partnership with Non- Government Organisations, NRHM, Chapter

8.101-104 Civil Society Initiative (CSI) Principles Governing Relations with

Nongovernmental Organizations WHO and Civil Society: Linking for better health External Relations and

Governing Bodies C I V I L S O C I E T Y I N I T I AT I V E World Health Organization WHO/CSI/2002/DP1

Nance Upham, Making Health Care Work for the Poor Efficiency in Health Delivery Systems “Best of” in Primary Health Care Review of the NGO experiences in selected Asian countries.WHO publication

Potential for Gov-NGO partnership in Health carehttp://www.who.int/macrohealth/events/civil_society_asia/en/Potential_for_Government_NGO_Partnership_in_Health_Care.pdf

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-witnessing-NGO-boom-there-is-1-for-every-600-people/articleshow/30871406.cms

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Thank You