Volume V Number 40 June 2010 Incentives and activation of...

Volume V Number 40 June 2010

Iran

New national plan for CNG sector

Thailand

OEM/variants NGVs’ market share

Incentives and activation of big NGV projects in Asia

June 20102

Summary04 New incentives and major NGV

projects

Things are looking up for NG-LDVssegment in Korea. This country startedNGV programme by adopting MD-HDbuses and later other HDVs to be ...

18At present, with more than USD 3 bil-lion is invested to substitute gasoline intransport sector with natural gas, Iran isconsidered as one of the pioneer ...

20

22 Loans for gas pipeline projects inIndia

24 Oil price and gas price update

26 Natural gas: the history andprogress

30 OEM NGVs: Bajaj Auto, Chineseminibus, and Hyundai cars

31 Techno Update: Optimisation ofCNG injection system

32 BusinessCentre: FSYS, ITT,Romano, VersusGas , WEH

35 ANGVA2011 and NGVCommunications Group

Copies Distribution

Iron ore price increase versusexports of steel-based products

Asian NGV Communications is a publicationof NGV Communications Group, publishinghouse and fairs-conferences organizer: www.ngvgroup.comIn Europe, we print The Gas Vehicles Report,GVR, and www.ngvguide.com, theInternational NGV Guide. In Argentina, the Group publishes PrensaVehicular, Argentine CNG Guide, maps,books and brochures while in Brazil, Folhado GNV, Brazilian NGV Guide, maps andposters, among others. In Peru PrensaVehicular Peru. More info: www.ngvgroup.comThe signed articles are exclusive responsibility ofthe authors, as well as advertising companies andagencies are responsible for the published ads.

300-5, Changchon-Ri ■ Namsan-MyunChuncheon-Si ■ Kangwon-Do ■ 200-911 Tel. +82 33 260 3419Fax. +82 33 260 [email protected] ■ www.asiangv.com

Vicolo Gonzaga 13 ■ 46045 Marmirolo (Mn)Tel.: +39 0376 [email protected] ■ www.thegvr.com

Uspallata 711 ■ CP 1268 ■ Capital FederalTel./Fax: +54 11 43074559 /5201/ 43006137 [email protected]

is member of the ANGVA (Asia Pacific NGV Association)

28 OEM and NGV variants in Thailand

Thai NGV market became the battlefield for many automobile manufacturing companies for sellingOEM and retrofitted NGVs ...

We print and mail to 24countries about 4.000 copiesaddressed to governmental relat-ed offices, OEM and Oil & Gascompanies, associations, related NGV indus-tries, refuelling stations,workshops and suppliers,according the following list (somefigures rounded):Armenia: 0.3%Australia: 4.1%Azerbaijan: 0.2%Bangladesh: 5.0%China: 10.9%Egypt: 1.9%India: 9.5%

Indonesia: 1.6%Iran: 7.0%Israel: 0.1%Japan: 10.2%Korea: 5.1%Malaysia: 6.6%Myanmar: 0.5%New Zealand: 1.0%Pakistan: 11.4%Philippines: 3.6%Russia:4.3%Singapore: 3.1%Taiwan: 0.2%Thailand: 5.8%Turkey: 5.5%United Arab Emirates: 2.1%Vietnam: 0.1%

In addition, the magazine issent to over 19.300 readersin 94 countries

by e-mail (.pdf) and is also onlinein www.ngvgroup.comIf your NGV business is in Asia,advertise with us.

Asian NGV Communications300-14, Changchon-Ri,Namsan-Myun, Chuncheon-Si, Kangwon-Do,200-911 KOREATel : +31 20 420 1076Tel : +82 33 260 3419e-mail: [email protected]

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Printed: Rigraph S.R.L.• Constitución 4, 28.511 Madrid - España• Tilcara 3.146, Buenos Aires

The new national CNG plan in Iran

June 20104

ChinaFollowing article “LNG harbour filling station,an untapped market in China “ published inAsian NGV Communications May edition(page 23), China Natural Gas, Inc. (CHNG)informed that its wholly owned subsidiary,Hubei Xilan Natural Gas Co. has launched ademonstration project in order to promotethe use of LNG ships in rivers. The demonstration model was presented ata conference sponsored by the ChinaClassification Society (CCS). The CCS usedHubei Xilan Bi-fuel Ferry Tug for this initiative.Since 2006, CHNG has introduced LNG vessels (ships) technology in Hubei. Its chairman and CEO, Qinan Ji, indicated thatthe experiment is nearly completed, and theLNG vessel is scheduled to be tested by thesecond quarter 2010.

KoreaThings are looking up for NG-LDVs segmentin Korea. This country started NGV programme by adopting CNG (MD-HD)buses and later by adopting other CNG orLNG-powered HDVs. But they did notinclude cars and other LDVs due to concerns about the safety of having thefuelling facility within cities area (due to earlierexplosion of LPG car). However, in 2009 a CNG filling station located at the entrance of Seoul City officewas opened by Seoul Mayor Lee Myung Bak(now he is the President of South Korea) toprove that CNG stations are safe. Recently,the current city mayor built a nice cafe ontop of the Seoul City office station. On a different occasion, the total NGV systemssolutions provider NGVI Inc. conducted atour for some leaders in Korea to thebiomethane plant in Seoul. The participantswere brought in NGVI’s CNG Chevy ExpressVan, which they were very surprised about.NGVI is known in Korea as a company thatprovides good quality products (conversionand repowering system for NGVs). Most ofNG-HDVs in this country use NGVI’s products.By the end of the 1st quarter 2010, theGangwon Province government presentedan agreement that offers loans to converttaxis to bifuel technology in GangwonProvince. The Gangwon government aims toincrease the number of taxis operating onCNG. The agreement was signed inChuncheon City, the host of NGV2012-IANGV’s 13th international conference andexhibition. The pact was inked by theGangwon Credit Guarantee Foundation(GCGF), Provincial Independent Taxi DriversCouncil and NGVS, vehicle conversion subsidiary of NGVI. GCGF will secure loansto cover conversion expenses and drivers

will be exempt from interest over a certainpayback period. Currently, 1,470 of 25,744NGVs in Korea are cars/LDVs. Around 4,500independent taxi drivers in GangwonProvince could benefit from this agreementas well as from the fuel savings they will getafter the conversion. CNG is 30% to over50% cheaper than LPG and gasoline respectively. Furthermore, the stakeholder ispreparing a proposal to lobby the govern-ment to include NGVs as a part of theirgreen growth plan.

VietnamLast year PetroVietnam Gas South (PVGasSouth) expanded its business to CNG andwas reported to initially reach positive results,thus becoming the strategic shareholder ofCNG Vietnam Joint Stock Co (CNG Vietnam)after buying back 34.02 % stake. AnnualCNG output of PVGas South and CNG-Vietnam is estimated at 60 million cbmin 2010, 250 million in 2015 and 500 millionby 2025. In order to raise investment capitalfor building CNG stations, Dung Quat LPG project, and add it to its working capital, thecompany decided to offer 6.5 million sharesto increase the value of its charter capital.The shares were auctioned via Hanoi StockExchange with the initial price of 25,000dong per share last April-May.

ThailandThai Ministry of Transport will push forwardthe 4,000 CNG buses leasing programme asthe result of Bangkok Mass TransitAuthority’s (BMTA) survey shows a risingacceptance of NGV buses among the people. Around 81.06% of the 5,730 surveyrespondents (BMTA’s bus passengers) arepositive about the idea of using new CNGbuses. The majority of the respondentsexpect that the government will set a flatpassenger fare at 30 THB/day.

IndiaAccording to Bharat Book Bureau, a marketresearch company in India, the number ofNGVs in this country is expected to grow ata Compound Annual Growth Rate of 16%during FY 2010–FY 2013 should favourablegovernment policies continue. Currently,India has 600,000 CNG vehicles althoughindustry stakeholders believe that there areabout 700,000 of these vehicles (includingthose converted but not yet registered asNGVs) plying in India roads nowadays.In early May, Chief Minister Sheila Dikshitpresented 200 modern low-floor CNGbuses, which are part of the Express BusService launched on the 72 lines of the chartered bus service.

Gujarat state industries minister, SaurabhPatel noted that the municipality plans toconvert all the public transport in Gujarat intoCNG mode. Accordingly, in the next 2-3years, the number of CNG stations in Gujaratwill double to 150 units.Following Vijayawada, the Road TransportAuthority wants the Hyderabad region toadopt NGVs too. Fuel will be supplied to 8stations in Hyderabad using mother-daughtersystem. Main target is to convert diesel toCNG buses (initially 500 buses). Only Euro 3compliance buses can be converted to NGVsystem. Soon, non-Euro 3 compliance vehicles will be banned from Indian roads.

PakistanThe Sindh government would soon start theShaheed Benazir Bhutto CNG Bus Projectbased on public-private partnership in thisProvince, and initially 500 CNG buses out ofthe intended 4,000 would be introduced inKarachi. Over the next five years, the whole4,000 buses—for 4 million passengers--should already operate in Karachi roads,while another 4,000 units will be added inother nine cities.The total investment in the project is aboutRs. 21 billion including Government ofPakistan subsidy of Rs. 2.5 billion. Around20,000 direct jobs plus several other indirectjob opportunities would result from thisscheme. In April, seven companies submit-ted proposals to provide 226-294 buses. The Pakistan Muslim League-Quaid legislatorZobia Rubab Malik has submitted anadjournment motion in Punjab Assemblysecretariat to criticise Punjab government’sdecision to ply diesel buses on city roadsand asked the local government to promotethe use of CNG in transport. She underlinesthat Lahore was being turned into one of themost polluted cities in Asia under the garb ofproviding transport facilities. Pakistan was alsoamong those countries that have been affect-ed by the negative effects of global warming.

IranWorld’s 5th largest gas producer, which has1.7 million NGVs, has inaugurated yet another CNG cylinder manufacturer last Aprilin Tehran City. The new CNG cylinder production plant is capable of delivering100,000 cylinders per year and would servelocal demand. The products range from 168to 425 millimetres in diameter with storagecapacity from 28 up to 130 litres.Iran government has announced a new NGVprogramme for the new Financial Year 2010-2011 (see article “The new national CNGplan in Iran” in other pages in this magazine).NGV activities and support remain strong.

New government incentives and activationof big NGV projects in Asia

June 2010 5

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Compressors for CNG refuelling

June 20106

亚洲NGV计划各国政府新动向中国据中国天然气公司《亚洲天然气通讯》五月刊（23页）的文章“LNG港口加气站，中国未开发的市场”报道，中国天然气公司全资子公司——湖北西蓝天然气公司已经启动示范工程以推动河道 LNG船舶的使用。在中国船级社（CCS）主办的研讨会上展示了示范船模型，为此中国船级社采用了湖北西蓝双燃料动力拖船。从2006年，中国天然气公司就已在湖北引进了LNG动力船舶技术。公司主席兼CEO姬秦安表示，此项技术的实验已基本完成，公司预计在2010年第二季度对LNG船舶进行检测。

韩国接下来关注韩国轻型天然气汽车。韩国的NGV计划始于中重型公共汽车及其它CNG和LNG重型汽车，出于在市内建造加汽站的安全考虑（因为早期发生过LPG汽车爆炸事件），起初并不包括小汽车和轻型汽车。但是，自从2009年李明博（现任韩国总统）在首尔政府办公大楼出口处建造CNG加气站，CNG加气站的安全性已得到了证实。最近，现任首尔市长又在首尔市政府办公大楼加气站开了一家不错的咖啡馆。除此以外，NGV系统整体方案策划者NGVIInc.还安排一些韩国领导人参观了位于首尔的生物沼气厂进行参观。参观人员乘坐NGVI的CNG动力Chevy商务车来到生物沼气厂，这使他们非常吃惊。在韩国，NGVI公司以其产品质量著称（主要生产NGV转换及循环发电系统）。韩国很多重型天然气驱动汽车都使用NGVI的产品。截止到2010年第一季度，江原道省政府已签属协议提供贷款将该省的出租车全部改装成双燃料系统出租车。同时，江源道省政府还计划增加CNG出租车的保有量。此项协议在国际天然气汽车协会第13届国际会议暨展览会主办城市春川市签订，合作单位有江源道省信贷担保基金会（GCGF）、省个体出租汽车司机行会和NGVI公司的NGV汽车改装分公司。江源省信贷担保基金会将确保改装资金到位，所有司机在贷款偿还期不负担任何费用。目前，在韩国的25744辆NGV汽车中有1470辆是小汽车或轻型汽车。江源道省约有4500名个体出租汽车司机从中受益，同时改装后的汽车将大大降低燃料花费，因为CNG比LPG和汽油的价格低30%到50%。此外，NGV产业相关单位还准备向政府提案将NGV汽车纳入政府绿色增长计划。

越南去年，越南南方液化天然气经营股份公司(PVGas South) 正式涉足CNG领域，据报道已初步获益。在收购了越南压缩天然所股份公司(CNG Vietnam)34.02%的股份以后，正式成为该公司的战略股东。据估计，越南南方液化天然气经营股份公司(PVGas South)和越南压缩天然股份公司(CNG Vietnam)的年均CNG产量2010年可达到6000万立方米，2015年将达到2亿5000万立方米，2025年达到5亿立方米。为了筹集更多资金建造CNG加气站,Dung Quat LPG 工程已将这部分资金添加至其运营成本当中，公司还决定拍卖650万股票以增加其注册资本。去年4月到5月期间该公司股票在河内证券交易所拍卖，起拍价为每股25,000 越币。

泰国据曼谷公共交通协会(BMTA)调查结果显示：公众对NGV公共汽车的支持率正持续升高，为此泰国交通部计划推进4000辆CNG公共汽车计划。在5730位被调查者（BMTA公共汽车的乘客）中，约81.06%的人认可新能源汽车的使用。同时，绝大多数被调查者希望政府实行单一票制，约30 泰铢/每天。

印度据印度市场调查公司Bharat Book Bureau透露，从2010到2013财政年度，如果政府继续对NGV产业实行优惠政策，该国的NGV保有量将有望以复合年均增长率16%的速度增长。目前，印度拥有CNG汽车600，000辆，但是相关业内人士人为现在印度约有700，000辆CNG汽车（包括改装汽车和注册汽车）上路行驶。5月初，印度首席部长狄克希特展示了200辆CNG低地板公共汽车模型，这是72条特许公共汽车项目中快速公交服务的一部分。古吉拉特邦（Gujarat）工业部长Saurabh Patel指出当地政府计划把古吉拉特邦内所有公共交通工具全部改装成CNG动力驱动系统。因此，在未来的2到3年，古吉拉特邦内的CNG加气站将会翻倍达到150座。继维查雅瓦达后，公共交通管理局希望海得拉巴地区也采用NGV汽车。燃料将通过海得拉巴境内8个加气站供应，采用母子供应体系。其目的在于将柴油机驱动公车改装成CNG驱动公车（起初先改装500辆）。只有欧3排放体系的公共汽车可以改装成NGV系统，很快印度将取消未达到欧3排放标准的车辆。

巴基斯坦巴基斯坦信德省政府在立足于本省公私互助的基础上，将很快启动Shaheed Benazir BhuttoCNG公共汽车项目，项目计划引进4000辆CNG公共汽车，首先在卡拉奇先引进500辆CNG公共汽车。在未来的5年里，所在4000辆CNG公共汽车将逐步到位，载客量可达到400万人。同时在其他9个城市也将新增4000辆CNG公共汽车。算上巴基斯坦政府补贴的Rs. 25亿，该项目的总投资约Rs. 210亿。共创造直接就业岗位20，000个及其它间接就业岗位。4月，7家公司呈交计划书，预计新增226-294辆CNG公共汽车。巴基斯担穆斯林联盟立法长官 Zobia Rubab Malik 向旁遮普省（Punjab) 大会秘书处递交延期伸请，谴责旁遮普省政府充许柴油驱动公共汽车上路行驶，并请求当地政府推动CNG公共交通工具的使用。她强调由于目前的公共交通工具，拉合尔已成为亚洲污染最为严重的城市之一，同时巴基斯坦也深受全球变暖影响。

伊朗世界第5大天然气制造国——伊朗约有170万辆NGV汽车，去年4月新的CNG汽车气瓶生产厂在首都德黑兰落成。该厂拥有年均生产100，000个CNG气瓶的生产力，可以满足当地气瓶的需求。其产品包括直径从168毫米到425毫米容量从28立升到130立升的气瓶。伊朗政府宣布在2010到2011财政年度将启动新的NGV计划。政府将继续给予NGV计划大力支持。

June 2010 7

중국.“중국의 LNG 항만 충전소, 미개발시장” 기사를 아시안 NGV커뮤니케이션스 5월 호(23쪽)에 실었습니다. CHNG(ChinaNatural Gas ,Inc.) 는 100%투자자회사인 Hubei Xilan Natural GasCo.가 강유역에 LNG 배의 사용을보급 촉진하기 위한 시범 프로젝트를시작했다고 밝혔다.시범모델은 중국선급협회(CCS)가후원하는 컨퍼런스에서 발표되었다.CCS는 이 이니셔티브를 위해 HubeiXilan Bi-fuel 페리 터그를 사용했다.2006년부터, CHNG는 후베이성에LNG 선박 기술을 소개했다. 회장 겸대표이사인 “Qinan Jj”는 시범모델은거의 완성되었고, LNG 선박은 2010년후반기까지 테스트할 것이라고 계획을밝혔다.

한국한국의 천연가스 LDV분야의 소식이다.한국은 MD-HD버스와 추후CNG/LNG로 운행하는 HDV를채택하는 NGV프로그램을 시작했다.그러나, 도심지역내의 충전시설에관한 안전상의 우려 때문에(초기LPG차량의 폭발문제로 인하여)승용차와 그 외 LDV는 포함하지않았다.그러나, 2009년 전 이명박서울시장(현 대한민국 대통령) 당시CNG충전소의 안전성을 입증하기위하여 CNG 충전소를 서울시청입구에 설치했다. 최근, 현 서울시장은서울시청 충전소의 옥상에 멋진카페를 개관하였다. 또한, NGV 관련전체 솔루션을 제공하고 있는NGVI,INC.업체는 한국의 고위관계자를 위한 서울바이오메탄충전소투어를 실시했다. 투어에 참가했던사람들은 NGVI의 CNG쉐비익스프레스밴을 시승하였다.NGVI는 한국에서 고품질의 제품(NGV개조와 리파워 시스템)을 공급하는업체로 알려져 있다. 한국의천연가스버스의 대부분은 NGVI에서공급한 제품을 사용하고 있다.2010년 1분기에, 강원도는 강원도내에있는 택시를 개조(겸용)하는 데에들어가는 비용에 대해 보증심사를대폭 완화해 주는 협약을 체결했다.강원도는 압축천연가스(CNG)로운행하는 택시를 늘릴 계획이다.협약서는 제 13회 IANGV NGV2012컨퍼런스&전시회 개최하는춘천시에서강원신용보증재단(GCGF)과개인택시운송사업조합, NGVI의자회사로, 현재, 한국의 25,755대의 NGV차량 중1,470대가 승용차 및 LDV이다.

4,500여명에 달하는 강원도내개인택시 사업자들이 이 협약을 통해개조 후, 연료비를 절감하는 혜택을누릴 수 있을 것으로 보여진다. CNG는LPG와 휘발유 대비 각각 30%,50%가량 저렴하다.한편, 이와 관련한NGV 이해당사자가녹색성장을 위한 계획의 일부로써,NGV를 포함시키기 위하여 정부관계자에게 제안을 준비하고 있다.

베트남Petrovietnam Gas South(PVGasSouth)는 지난 해, CNG분야로 사업을확장하여, 초기의 긍정적인 결과에도달한 것으로 보고되었다. 그리하여다시 34.02%의 지분을 구입하여 CNGVietnam Joint Stock Co(CNGVietnam)의 전략적인 주주가 되었다.PVGaS South와 CNG-베트남의 연간생산량은 2010년 60백만cbm으로추정되며, 2015년에는 259백만,2025년까지 500백만cbm으로추정되고 있다.CNG 충전소 건립과 Dung QuatLPG프로젝트를 위한 투자 자본을증액시키고, 운전자금을 추가시키기위하여 이 회사는 정관자본금의가치를 증가시키기 위한 650만주의주식을 매각하기로 결정하였다. 이주식은 지난 4월-5월 하노이증권거래소를 통해 액면가 주당25,000동(dong)에 경매 처분되었다.

태국태국수송부는방콕대중교통국(BMTA)의 조사 결과,승객들 사이에서 NGV버스가 인정을받음에 따라 4,000대 CNG 버스 리스프로그램을 계속 해나갈 방침이다.설문조사 참가자 5,730(BMTA의 버스승객) 중 약 81.06%가 새 CNG 버스를사용하는 것에 대해 긍정적이다.응답자들의 대부분은 정부가 일일 30THB으로 요금을 균일하게 책정하길기대한다.

인도인도의 시장조사기관인 Bharat BookBureau에 따르면, 인도의 NGV수가회계연도 2010에서 2013년 동안연평균복합성장률 16%로 증가할것으로 기대되므로 이러한 전망이밝은 정부의 정책은 지속되어야 한다.현재, 인도는 600,000대의CNG차량을보유하고 있다. NGV관계자들은NGV로 등록되지 않은 개조 차량을포함하여 약 700,000의 NGV가 인도의도로를 다니고 있다고 한다.5월 초, 인도의 주 수상인 SheilaDikshit 는 200대의 최신 CNG저상버스를 전세버스서비스의72노선에서 개시했다고 밝혔다.

구자라트주 산업장관인 “SaurabhPatel”은 지방자지체가 구자라트내모든 공공운송수단을 CNG로 교체할계획이라고 밝혔다. 따라서, 향후 2-3년 내에 구자라트 내 충전소의 수가150개소로 두배로 증가할 것으로예상된다.

도로교통당국의 “Vijayawada”에따르면 하이데라바드 지역에서도NGV를 희망하는 것으로 알려졌다.하이데라바드 지역에 있는 M/D시스템을 사용하는 8개 충전소에서연료를 공급받을 것이다. 주요 목표는디젤 버스를 CNG 버스로 교체하는것이다(초기 500대). Euro 3 버스만이NGV시스템으로 개조 가능하다. 곧non-Euro 3 차량들은 인도의도로에서 운행이 금지될 것이다.

파키스탄파키스탄 신드주 정부는 곧정부민간합작으로 Shaheed BenazirBhutto CNG버스 프로젝트를 시작할것이며, 초기 500대의 CNG 버스가카라치 지역에 도입될 것이다. 향후 5년동안 전체 4,000 대의 버스-400만승객이 이용하는-가 카라치 지역의도로에서 운행할 것인 반면. 그 외의 9개시 지역에도 4,000대가 추가될 것이다.이 프로젝트의 전체 투자 규모는파키스탄 정부의 보조금 25억Rs.을포함하여 약 210억Rs.이다. 이는20,000건의 직간접 일자리를 제공할것이다. 4월, 7군데의 업체가 226-294대의 버스를 제공한다는 제안서를제출하였다.파키스탄 무슬림단체인 Quaid legislator Zobia Rubab Malik는도심지역 도로에 디젤 버스를운행하게 하는 정부의 결정을비판하기 위해 펀잡주 의회사무국에서휴회 동의를 제출하고, 지방 정부에운송수단의 CNG사용을 촉진할 것을요청했다. 또한, 라호르 지역은 교통의요충리로 아시아에서 가장 오염이심각한 도시 중의 하나가 된 점을강조했다. 파키스탄은 또한,지구온난화의 악영향을 받고 있다.

이란세계 5위의 가스 생산국으로써, 이란은170만대의 NGV를 보유하며, 지난 4월테헤란시에 신규 CNG용기제조업체를잇따라 유치하였다. 이CNG용기생산공장은 연간 100,000개생산능력을 가지며, 지역 수요를충족시킨다. 직경 268~435millime-tres, 28~130litres의 제품을 생산한다. 이란정부는 회계연도 2010-2011년을위한 새로운 NGV 프로그램을발표했다. NGV에 대한 활동과 지원이여전히 강력하다.

아시아, 정부의 뉴 인센티브와 대규모 NGV프로젝트의 활성화

June 20108

CinaChina Natural Gas, Inc. (CHNG) memgumumkan bahwa cabang, HubeiXilan Natural Gas Co., telah men-jalankan proyek demonstrasi kapal LNGdalam rangka mempromosikan kapal-kapal berbahanbakar LNG di sungai-sungai di Cina.Model kapal untuk proyek demonstrasiini dipersembahkan di sebuah seminaryang disponsori oleh ChinaClassification Society (CCS). CCSmenggunakan Hubei Xilan Bi-fuel Ferry Tug di proyek ini. CHNG memperkenalkan teknologi LNG vessels(kapal) di Hubei sejak tahun 2006.Chairman dan CEO perusahaan ini,Qinan Ji, menyatakan bahwa eksperimen inihampir selesai. LNG vessel dijadualkanakan ditest di kwartal kedua tahun ini.

Korea Keadaan pasar NG-LDVs d Koreasudah mulai membaik. Negara ini memulai program NGV dengan pengadopsian MD-HD bis berbahanbakar gas alam, kemudian denganmenggunakan CNG atau LNG di tipe-tipe HDV lainnya. Mobil/LDVs tidakdiikutsertakan dalam program ini karenamereka kuatir tentang aspek keamanandari kendaraan dan tank sta-siun BBG tersebut (karena sebelumnyaada ledakan dari mobil LPG).

Untuk membuktikan bahwa stasiunCNG aman, di tahun 2009 sebuahSPBU CNG (BBG) dibuka oleh walikotaSeoul Lee Myung Bak (sekarang diaadalah Presiden Korea Selatan) di pintumasuk kantor. Baru-baru ini, walikotaSeoul yang baru membangun sebuahkafe di atas stasiun kantor Kota Seoul.

Pada kesempatan yang berbeda, NGVI Inc—supplier dari total sistem solusiNGV--melakukan tur ke pabrikbiomethane di Seoul bagi beberapapemimpin di Korea. Para pesertadibawa ke tempat ini dengan CNG VanChevy Express yang telah dimodifikasike sistem CNG oleh NGVI. NGVI dikenal di Korea sebagai perusahaanyang menyediakan produk-produkberkualitas tinngi (konversi dan sistemrepowering untuk NGVs).

Sebagian besar NG-HDVs di negeri inimenggunakan produk-produk NGVI.

By the end of the 1st quarter 2010, theGangwon Province government presented an agreement that offersloans to convert taxis to bifuel technology in Gangwon Province.

The Gangwon government aims toincrease the number of taxis operatingon CNG. The agreement was signed inChuncheon City, the host of NGV2012-IANGV’s 13th international conferenceand exhibition. The pact was inked bythe Gangwon Credit GuaranteeFoundation (GCGF), ProvincialIndependent Taxi Drivers Council andNGVS, vehicle conversion subsidiary ofNGVI. GCGF will secure loans to coverconversion expenses and drivers will beexempt from interest over a certain payback period.

Pada akhir kuartal pertama tahunini,pemerintah Propinsi Gangwon mengumumkan penawaran dana pinjaman untuk mengkonversi taksi kebifuel teknologi di Provinsi Gangwon.Pemerintah Gangwon bertujuan untukmeningkatkan jumlah taksi CNG.Perjanjian ini ditandatangani diChuncheon City, tuan rumah konferensiinternasional NGV2012 (event ke 13dari IANGV). Pakta perjanjian ini ditan-datangani oleh Penjaminan KreditGangwon Foundation (GCGF), ProvinsiIndependen Dewan Pengendara Taxidan NGVS (subsidiari dari NGVI yangmenangani konversi kendaraan ke sist-tem NGV). GCGF akan menawarkanpinjaman untuk menutupi biaya konversidan pemilik taxi-taxi tersebut akandibebaskan dari biaya bunga selamajangka waktu tertentu.

Saat ini, Korea mempunyai 1.470mobil/LDVs (dari total 25.744 NGVs).Sekitar 4,500 pengemudi taksi pribadidi Propinsi Gangwon bisa mendapatkankeuntungan dari perjanjian ini sertamengurangi biaya bahan bakar setelahmengkonversi mobil mereka. HargaCNG di Korea sekitar 30% lebih murahdari harga LPG dan 50% dari hargabensin. Selain itu, stakeholder di segment NGV sedang mempersiapkan

proposal untuk melobi pemerintahuntuk mengikutserakan NGV di ren-cana-pertumbuhan-ekologis mereka.

Vietnam Tahun lalu PetroVietnam Gas Selatan(PVGas South) memperluas bisnisnyadengan mengikutsertakan CNG diperusahaan mereka. Bisnis ini dilaporkan telah mencapai hasil positif.Dengan demikian, Departemen CNG inisekarang menjadi pemegang sahamstrategis dari CNG Vietnam Joint StockCo (CNG Vietnam) setelah membelikembali 34,02% dari saham CNGVietnam. Tahunan output PVGasSelatan dan CNG-Vietnam diperkirakanmencapai 60.000.000 cbm di tahun2010, 250 juta tahun 2015 dan 500 jutapada tahun 2025.

Dalam rangka meningkatkan modalinvestasi untuk membangun stasiunCNG, Dung Quat proyek LPG, danmenambahkannya ke modal kerja,perusahaan ini memutuskan untukmenawarkan 6,500,000 saham untukmeningkatkan nilai modal charternya.Saham tersebut dilelang melalui BursaEfek Hanoi dengan harga awal 25,000dong per saham di bulan April-Mei.

Thailand Setelah menerima hasil survei BangkokMass Transit Authority (BMTA), MenteriTransportasi Thailand memutuskanuntuk mempercepat implementasi dariproyek leasing 4,000 bus CNG.Menurut hasil survey tersebut, sekitar81,06% dari 5,730 responden(penumpang bis BMTA) memberikansignal positif bagi pengadaan bis CNGbaru. Sebagian besar respondenmengharapkan bahwa pemerintah akanmenetapkan tarif rata 30 THB / haribagi penumpang.

India Menurut Biro Bharat Books, sebuah perusahaan riset di India, jumlah NGVsdi negara ini diharapkan megnalami pertumbuhan annual sebayak 16%selama tahun fiskal 2010- 2013 jikapemerintah tetap memberikansupport/incentive bagi industri ini. Saatini, India mempunyai sekitar 600,000kendaraan CNG meskipun

Dana pemerintah dan pengaktifan megaproyek CNG di Asia

June 2010 9

stakeholder industri ini percaya bahwa sekitar 700,000 kendaraan tersebut(termasuk yang dikonversi tetapi belumterdaftar sebagai NGVs) telah beroperasi di jalanan India.

Pada awal Mei, Ketua Menteri SheilaDikshit meresmikan 200 bus CNG modern berlantai rendah, yang merupakan bagian dari Express BusService. Bus-bus ini akan diluncurkanpada jalur layanan bus carter 72.

Menteri industri dari Gujarat state,Saurabh Patel menyatakan bahwapemerintah lokal berencana untuk mengubah semua layanan transportumum di Gujarat ke sistem CNG. Olehkarena itu, dalam 2-3 tahun ke depan,jumlah stasiun CNG di Gujarat akanberlipat ganda menjadi 150 unit.

Setelah Vijayawada, OtoritasTransportasi Jalan (RTA) lokal inginsupaya wilayah Hyderabad mengadopsiNGVs juga. CNG akan disupply ke 8stasiun di Hyderabad menggunakansistem ibu-anak (mother-daugher station). Pada awalnya, 500 bus ditargetkan akan dimodifikasi ke systemCNG. Hanya bus yang memenuhi persyaratan Euro 3 dapat dikonversi ke

sistem NGV. Tidak lama lagi, kendaraanyang tidak setara dengan standard Euro3 akan dilarang dari jalan-jalan India.

Pakistan Pemerintah Sindh akan segera memulaiProyek Shaheed Benazir Bhutto CNGBus berdasarkan kemitraan publik-swasta di provinsi ini. Pada awalnya, 500 dari 4,000 bus CNG akandiluncurkan di Karachi. Dalam limatahun ke depan, seluruh 4,000 bus-untuk 4 juta penumpang - sudahharus beroperasi di jalan-jalan Karachi.Sedangakan 4,000 unit lainnya akanditambahkan di sembilan kota lainnya.

Total investasi dalam proyek ini sekitarRs. 21,000,000,000. Pemerintah akanmenwarkan subsidi sebesar Rs. 2,5milyar. Sekitar 20,000 pekerja akandibutuhkan bagi pengoperasian seluruhprogram ini. Pada bulan April, tujuhperusahaan telah mengajukan proposaluntuk menyediakan 226-294 bus.

Liga Muslim Pakistan-Quaid legislatorZobia rubab Malik telah mengajukanprotes ofisial di sekretariat MajelisPunjab Punjab yang mengkritik keputusan pemerintah untuk tetapmemperbolehkan pengoperasian bus

diesel di kota dan menghimbau pemerintah daerah untuk mempromosikan penggunaan CNG disektor tansport. Dia menggarisbawahibahwa sektor transport juga ikut sertamengubah Lahore menjadi salah satukota yang paling tercemar di Asia.Pakistan juga termasuk di antaranegara-negara yang telah dipengaruhioleh dampak negatif dari pemanasanglobal.

Iran Sebagai gas produser lima terbesar didunia, yang memiliki 1.700.000 NGVs,Iran telah meresmikan satu pabrik CNGsilinder baru di bulan April lalu di kotaTeheran. Pabrik ini dapat memproduksi100,000 tabung per tahunnya dan akanmelayani permintaan lokal.

Tabung-tabung berdiameter 168-425mm yang dapat digunakan untuk menyimpan gas dengan volume ekuivalent air sebanyak 28- 130 liter.

Pemerintah Iran telah mengumumkanprogram NGV baru untuk TahunKeuangan baru 2010-2011.

Pemerintah tetap memberikan dukungan kuat bagi segment NGVs.

June 201010

新たな政府⽀援とアジアにおける⼤型ＮＧＶプロジェクトの現状中国Asian NGV Communication 誌５⽉号２３ページに掲載した「中国の未開拓市場・港湾におけるＬＮＧ充填所」に続き、China Natural Gas社（CHNG）は、完全⼦会社のHubeiXilan Natural Gas 社が河川におけるLＮＧ船の普及を⾏うためにデモンストレーションプロジェクトを⾏うことを発表した。China Classification Society（CCS）が主催する会議でこのデモンストレーションモデルが発表された。CCSはHubei Xilan Natural Gas 社のバイフューエルフェリーを使⽤する。CHNG社は２００６年から湖北省でＬＮＧ船技術を導⼊した。CHNG社の会⻑兼ＣＥＯのQinan Ji⽒は実験がほぼ終了し、ＬＮＧ船は２０１０年第２四半期に実テストを⾏なう予定と⽰唆した。

韓国韓国ではＬＤＶにおけるＮＧＶが注⽬されている。この国ではＮＧＶプログラムがＭＤやＨＤのバスから始まり、その後、ＣＮＧとＬＮＧのバス以外のＨＤＶへと移って⾏った。しかし、乗⽤⾞や他のＬＤＶは含まれていなかった。これは都市部の充填所の安全性に問題があったためである。（ＬＰＧ⾞の爆発事故があったためである。）しかし２００９年にソウル市役所の⼊⼝にＣＮＧスタンドがその安全性を⽰すために現在の韓国⼤統領である当時ソウル市⻑の李明博により開設された。最近、現在の市⻑がＣＮＧスタンドの上部に素敵なカフェを設置した。別の機会にＮＧＶシステムの総合コンサルタントであるＮＧＶＩ社がソウル市内のバイオメタンプラントで韓国の指導者を対象に⾒学会を⾏った。参加者はＮＧＶＩ社が⽤意したChevy ExpressVanに乗り、⼤変感銘を受けた。ＮＧＶＩ社は、韓国で⾼品質のＮＧＶ改造キットを供給する会社で知られている。韓国のほとんどの天然ガスＨＤＶは同社の改造キットを使⽤している。２０１０年第１四半期末までに江原道政府は江原道のタクシーをバイフューエル⾞に改造するためのローンを提供する合意を発表した。江原道政府の⽬的はＣＮＧタクシーを増やすことにある。この合意はＮＧＶ２０１２（第１３回国際ＮＧＶ会議・展⽰会）が開催される道庁所在地である春川市で⾏われた。Gangwon Credit GuaranteeFoundation (GCGF)、江原道タクシー協会、ＮＧＶ改造会社であるＮＧＶＩ社の⼦会社であるＮＧＶＳ社がこの合意に調印した。ＧＣＧ

Ｆは改造費のローンを保証し、タクシードライバーはある期間の利⼦が免除される。現在、韓国では２５,７４４台のＮＧＶの内、１,４７０台が乗⽤⾞やＬＤＶである。江原道の４,５００台のタクシードライバーはこの合意のメリットだけでなく、改造後に燃料代の恩恵も受けることになる。ＣＮＧはＬＰＧやガソリンよりもそれぞれ３０％、５０％安い。それ以上にステークホルダーは’Greengrowth plan’の⼀部としてＮＧＶを含むよう政府と協議する提案を⽤意している。

ベトナム昨年、PetroVietnam Gas South (PVGasSouth)社はＣＮＧビジネスを拡⼤した。CNG Vietnam Joint Stock Co (CNGVietnam)社の株を３４.０２％購⼊し、同社の戦略的株主になったと発表された。PVGas South社とCNG-Vietnam社の年間ＣＮＧ販売量は２０１０年に６千万ｍ３、２０１５年に２億５千万ｍ３、そして２０２５年に５億ｍ３になると推定されている。ＣＮＧスタンド建設の投資を増やすためにDung Quat LPG社は資本⾦増加を６５０万の株主に提案することを決定した。４⽉から５⽉にハノイ株式市場において２５,０００ドンで売買された。

タイタイの運輸省はバンコク市交通局（BMTA）の調査結果が⼈々にＮＧＶバスを受け⼊れられてきていることを⽰しているので４千台のＣＮＧバスにおけるリースプログラムを進めるだろう。BMTAのバス利⽤者５,７３０⼈の回答の内、約８１.０６％が新しいＣＮＧバスの導⼊に賛成である。回答者の多くは政府が１⽇３０バーツの均⼀料⾦を設定することを期待している。

インドインドの市場調査会社であるBharatBook Bureau社によると、政府による⽀援策が継続されるならば、２０１０年度から２０１３年度にＮＧＶ普及台数は年率１６％で増加すると推測している。現在、インドでは未登録⾞を含めて７０万台が普及していると業界関係者は⾒ているが、実際は６０万台である。５⽉初旬にSheilaDikshit官房⻑官が２００台の低床ＣＮＧバス導⼊を発表した。これらのバスは貸切バスの７２路線で始まるExpressBus Serviceの⼀部として利⽤される。グジャラート州のSaurabhPatel産業⼤⾂は、グジャラート州のす

べての公共交通機関をＣＮＧにする計画があると話した。次の２，３年でグジャラート州のＣＮＧスタンドは倍の１５０ヶ所になるだろう。ヴィジャヤワーダ市に続き、RoadTransport Authority はハイデラバードでＮＧＶを導⼊させる。ＣＮＧはマザードーターシステムを採⽤し、ハイデラバードに８ヶ所のスタンドで供給される。主なターゲットはディーゼルバスをＣＮＧバスに改造することである。（当初は５００台）ユーロ３適合バスのみがＮＧＶに改造できる。まもなくインドからユーロ３に適合していない⾞両はなくなるだろう。

パキスタンシンド州政府は政府⺠間パートナーシップによるShaheed BenazirBhuttoＣＮＧバスプロジェクトをまもなく開始する。当初、４千台の内、５００台がＣＮＧバスとしてカラチ市に導⼊される。次の５年間にすでにカラチ市で４百万⼈が利⽤している４千台のバスすべてがＣＮＧバスになり、あと４千台が他の９都市で導⼊される予定である。このプロジェクトの合計投資額はパキスタン政府の補助⾦２５億ルピーを含めて約２１０億ルピーである。このプロジェクトで２万⼈の直接雇⽤とそれ以外に間接雇⽤の機会が⾒込まれている。４⽉には７社が２２６から２９４台のＣＮＧバスを導⼊する提案に出した。パキスタン・イスラム教徒連盟のZobiaRubab Malik議員は、市内でディーゼルバスを⾛らせているパンジャブ州政府の政策を批判し、パンジャブ州議会事務局にディーゼルバスの廃⽌とＣＮＧバスの導⼊を提案した。同議員はラホール市が現在のディーゼル⾞ではアジアで最も⼤気汚染された都市になることを強調した。パキスタンは地球温暖化対策に消極的な国々の⼀つである。

イラン世界第５位のガス⽣産国で１７０万台のＮＧＶがあるイランでは昨年４⽉にテヘラン市で新しいＣＮＧボンベメーカーが創設された。新しいＣＮＧボンベ⽣産⼯場は年間１０万本の製造能⼒があり、需要に対応する。製品ラインアップは直径１６８ｍｍから４２５ｍｍで容量が２８リットルから１３０リットルまである。イラン政府は２０１０－２０１１年度に新しいＮＧＶプログラムを発表した。ＮＧＶ普及活動およびその⽀援は引き続き強⼒である。

June 201012

June 2010 13

June 201014

�� NGV �� NGV ��!�� "��!��#�$ LNG ��%�&��$'��(��()�� Asian NGV communication *��%!��(+, �� &�.� 23 �%��,�� China Natural Gas �/��%(CHNG) 4%.�� ,�� Hubei Xilan Natural Gas�/��% $'��5��,��!�6� CHNG 4%.��/��(!��.LNG ��!�%��7��.4%.�/��7�6�� The China Classification Society (CCS)$'��4%.��/�!�6.��8�� Hubei Xilan ��!.�(�� .��.�� 2549��,�� CHNG 4%.��/�!�%��7��.�� LNG ��!� Hubei ��.��. �7<Qinan Ji ��=��6��,��4%.��.��%��.��.��5��>�<)��.��/&�%��%��.�4�� 2 6��.

��&��&��4��7��"�5� NGV �� &��4%.��.��NGV �%��.�"�%�� NGV �� LNG 6��%��6��%�&?��4��4%.��"'�"��)6��%�5��!��@�!��% ��6��"�� NGV ��6��!�(��&�.��.��%6��" LPG ��)��4��5�� 2552 B>.��7�$� �7< Lee Myung Bak (��7��%/��/�&��=��=��%�6��&��.) 4%.��%�"�� NGV��<��6.��7�$� (!��(��>��)��"�� NGV ��% ��!��4��. B>.��7�$�4%.��.��.��8��>��.��6��"��NGV %.�� ,�� NGVI B>.��%&�� NGV4%.�/�<�B>.��&��B>.�/6��'�,�%>��488.�(��4��B>.6.��4%.6'.��"�>. CNG Chevy Express 6� NGVI�/�&.(��6��&��%��5�� NGVI�5��>.��B>.��%&��.��7< �(��&�� (��%��.��5�NGV ��"��)) �"�&?� NGV ��&?��.��.B�� <F)�� NGVI��.��7%4��6�� 2553 B>.��&��% Gangwon4%.�/��6.��&.�>.�!��/&��"��5�$��&��% Gangwon(!��. NGV %.��!.�(��%��"7��)��(��/��"��5�$��%��. NGV6.��%��4%.��!� Chuncheon$'��5��!��%��7� NGV 2012-IANGV ��.�� 13��??��.4%.��!�� B>.6��5�$�� )�� Gangwon Credit GuaranteeFoundation (GCGF) �� NGVS $'��5��,��>�%/��%��.�� NGV ��"��)6�NGVI ��.��. GCGF��7��&.B>.6��5�$��4%.�>.��$'��7�"'��.��%��.�� NGV��4%.��.�%��.��/&�%��7��(�&��.�� NGV �/�� 25,744 �� /��.�� 1,470 ��5��"��)NGV 6��%�5� %��.�B>.6��5�$��.��&��% Gangwon ��< 4,500��4%.��)��6.��%��"'��&��%��!.�(��&��. NGV $'��#�$ CNG ��">�� #�$LPG 30% ��">��./��$�� 50%��. B>."!�B��)��5�/��6.�� (!��&.��7 NGV ��Z�B��6�� &�!� Green Growth Plan[%.��

��%��.��,�� Petro Vietnam Gas South (PVGas South)4%.6��=7��6��,��4��>� �� " NGV��4%.��/�5��5��%� �%�4%.�5�B>."!�&7.�6��,��CNG Vietnam Joint Stock Co. (CNG-Vietnam) &��$!.�&7.�6��,��!��34.02% ��/��7��%.�� NGV 6� PVGas South �� CNG-Vietnam">��&.��>��"' 60 �.��%�� 2553 ��%�� 2558 ��(��6'.��5�250 �.��%� ��(��6'.��5� 500 �.�� %� �� 2568(!��5��%��7��.��"�� NGV �/&�� Dung QuatLPG ��,��%��(��7�&�7��%��&7.�(��7��5��/�� 6.5�.��&7.� &7.��/��%��4%.��>�B��%&��(�)`��.�� 25,000 %��&7.� �!��%!�� ,�� j (+, ��.�

��4��6�4��%��&�.��"�%�� NGV 4,000�� !��B��/��6��)��6��&��4�� (6��.)��%�&.&5�"'�� NGV ��(��>6'.� ��.��.��< 81.06%6�B>.��"��/�� 5,730 �� (B>.�%��"��)6��.)�&.B��%.��%��.�"�%�� NGV��.B>.��"��&?��%&��&.��.��q��%��4�.�� 30��

��%��.��,�� Bharat Book Bureau$'��5��,��%6��%�� *��6��/��"NGV ��%��%��6'.� 16% ��< 2553"'��< 2556 &��.��&�� 7��.��%��(�&��. NGV ��< 600,000 �� ("'��.��B>."!�&7.��7��&��%��" NGV ��>��.�"��6��%��"'��<700,000 �� $'��6��.��"'�"��5� NGV��.��4��4%.�%��%.��)��.�%!��(+, �� 76�� Sheila Dikshit ��%&��"�%�� NGV�/�� 200 �� $'��5��&�'�6��"�%��%�� 72 ��7< Saurabh Patel ��7��&��6�� Gujarat4%.��B�� "�%��=��<��.&�%�� Gujarat ��.NGV �%�� 2-3 ��6.�&�.� �/��"�� NGV �� Gujarat ��(��6'.� 2��5� 150 �&��6��.��&.�!� Hyderabad �/��B�6��!�Vijayawada �%��. NGV %.��!.�(��">��4��"��. 8 �&�� Hyderabad �%��.��"��-�>� �.�&��&��!��"�%��.�./��%�$��5��#�$ CNG(�%��!.��.��"�%�� NGV 500 ��) �%��"�%��B�� Euro-3��.��"��5� NGV 4%. ��4��.��. ��(�&��4��B�� Euro-3��">��7�&.��.�"��%��

��"��!��5�@��. ��6�� Sindh 4%.��"�%�� NGV Shaeed BenazirBhutto ��!��6� �� %��!.��.��"�%�� NGV�/�� 500 �� (��.�&�� 4,000 ��) ��">��/��.��!� Karachi �� 5��6.�&�.� ��"�%�� NGV ��.&�% 4,000 �� /&�� 4 �.��/��.��.�"��!� Karachi ��6<�� 4,000 ��4�� 9�!��!�� >��7��.��>��< 21 (��.��>��"'��&�!��"�� 2.5 (��.��>�� .��.��%��6'.� 20,000 �� "'��.��&��/�&�� %!��,��.�� 7 ��,��4%.��B��/��%&��"�%�� NGV 226-294 �� Zobia Rubab Malik �� ??�� 4%.��%�.��<)��%��6�� Punjab ��%��.�"�%��%�$��6��!��.��&.��.�"��7��. NGV �� 6��%�4%.�.�� !� Lahore4%.��5��!�&�'�� 5�(�,��7%��!��"�%��=��<��.��>��7��.��.��"��5��&�'��&��4%.��B��<)��.��

��&��&��5��B��#�$�5��%�� 5 6��%��7��(�&��. NGV "' 1.7 �.�� !��%!�� ,�� B��!� Tehran 4%.��B��"��#�$ CNG �&��6'.�� 1 �&� $'��"B��"�CNG 4%. 100,000 �� (��.�� .� 6��%"�(�.�B��>��)��) ��.�� 168 -425 �� $'��"��7�#�$4%. 28 j 130 ��&��4%.�� NGV �/&��< 2553-2554$'��.��7�� NGV ��65��%��

June 2010 15

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June 201016

June 2010 17

June 201018

The new national CNG plan in IranShort historyCNG projects in Iran were startedin1977 with the conversion of 1,200passenger cars in Shiraz. In addition, in1992, 1,200 passenger cars were converted. Afterwards, a newly established organization, the IranianFuel Conservation Organization (IFCO)commenced a major CNG project in2004.At present, with more than USD 3 billionis invested to substitute gasoline intransport sector with natural gas, Iran isconsidered as one of the pioneer countries in the field of natural gas vehicles with more than 1,820,000NGVs and 1,255 filling stations (as per10 May 2010). Why Iran is one of the most importantmarkets for CNG equipment & relatedindustries?It is very easy to understand why Iran isa good market for CNG related industries. Iran NG pipelines networkcovers a very high percentage of citiesand rural areas. Moreover, consideringhuge NG reserves, rapid growth inIran's NGV business is guaranteed.Currently, 1,255 CNG stations are available, while another 900 CNG stations are under construction orplanned to be built. This number is surpassing the government target tohave more than 1,800 CNG stations bynext Iranian year ending on 20 March2011. On the other hand, there is a huge planto develop medium-size stations inmany private and public places such aslarge residential and commercial centres, taxi terminals, large governmental & non-governmental institutions, etc. During the last six yearsimplementation of the plan, from March2003 to now, Iran promoted the conversion of about 700,000 vehicles toNGVs. Additionally, Iran Khodro Co. andSaipa Group –the two biggest automotive manufacturers in the country- have produced more than1,100,000 OEM NGVs during past threeyears (March 2006 - May 2010). Thisstatistics show how many componentsare required in Iran annually: CNG cylinders, kits and CNG station equipment.

Latest alteration in CNG plan

From January 2010, the Iran minister ofoil order has allocated Iranian Gas

Khodro Co.-IFCO’s tasks and responsibilities to manage national CNGplan to the National Iranian Oil ProductsDistribution Company (NIOPDC).NIOPDC has more than 40 years experience in the fields of engineering,procurement, construction and operation of gasoline and LPG stations.Also, the above-mentioned decisionwas made because NIOPDC hasproved that it has successfully managedthe construction of 800 dual purpose-CNG and gasoline fuels-stations, and operates more than550 units of these stations. Nowadays,all duties related to CNG sector such asdevelopment and instruction of fillingstations and vehicles conversions toCNG system have been given toNIOPDC.

The most important issuesthat NIOPDC is working onare listed below

1- Within the new plan, the governmentoffers up to 90% subsidies to cover theexpenses of converting taxies and public vehicles to CNG system. Thesubsidy could cover the conversion ofup to 150,000 vehicles.

Furthermore, the government does notfinance car manufacturers any more forproducing CNG (bifuel) vehicles andthey should balance their selling pricesand NGV production according to mar-ket demand. A specified plan/target forNGVs production is no longer available.However, it can be expected that morethan 300,000 OEM NGVs will be sold

during this Iranian year (ended on 20March 2011).

2- In the CNG stations segment by private sector, as before, the NIOPDCwill manage the provision of 100% subsidy for the stations’ main equipments, which include dryers, compressors, dispensers, and prioritypanels.

Furthermore, the government offersdual-purpose (CNG and liquid fuels)stations a long-term loan to cover over70% expenses of gas and electric aswell as civil costs. No interest isimposed on this loan.

3- Price of CNG, at 0.027 Euro/m3 hasbeen stabile during the past 18 months.However, Iran parliament has issued adecree that forced the government tostop subsidizing fuel. This new regulation will cause a huge incrementin fuel prices and price of CNG isexpected to increase up to four times.

4- After successfully using Smart FuelCards to lower the purchase of traditional fuels for transport, that led toa decrease in consuming of more than20 million litre gasoline and diesel perday, the NIOPDC is planning to create'Energy Cards' for NGVs. With theissuance of Energy Cards, drivers, mustuse this card when refueling in bothCNG and gasoline stations.

It can help the government to see thefuel distribution and check the share ofconsumption of each fuel. The good

June 2010 19

news is that the cards will be issuedonly to legally converted vehicles. Thisway, the authorities have a control onthe safety aspects of the vehicles. Thus,safety for NGV drivers and passengersis more guaranteed.

Nowadays, an NGV database, information net hardware and softwaresystem has been developed. Cardreader devices are also being installedon CNG dispensers. The system isexpected to keep up and running in theimmediate future.

5- Finally, one of the most importantprojects that NIOPDC is working on isthe expansion of existing CNG stationsin big cities especially in Tehran.

As there is not enough space in Tehranand considering the land allocation ratein big cities, after an investigation onexisting CNG stations’ performance versus fuelling demand, 25 CNG stations in Tehran plus another 21 unitsin other 4 big cities were selected to befurther developed. With this, these fivecities will increase its fuel dispensingcapacity by 25% from 204,000 m3/hrto 256,000 m3/hr.

Following its 2008-2009 events, Iran will hold “The 3rd International Conferenceand Exhibition on CNG” on 18-20 September 2010. The event will be orga-nized by Hamayesh Sanat Institute, which also works as the Iranian permanentsecretariat of CNG, National Iranian Oil Refining & Distribution Co. (NIORDC).The event is also endorsed by ANGVA and IANGV. Asian NGVCommunications, the official media partner of this expo, will also be presentand distribute its magazine in this event. It is expected that this conference andexhibition would provide domestic companies with the knowledge of interna-tional markets and help foreign manufacturers and investors to enter Iran’sCNG market.

By: Alireza Rahnama, Iranian Permanent Secretary of CNG (Hamayesh SanatInstitute) and Mahmoudreza Bagherbeik , Project Controlling & Planning Expertof CNG Plan / National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Co. (NIOPDC)

Iran NGV 2010

Alireza Rahnama

Mahmoudreza Bagherbeik

June 2010 20

Following an article on iron ore’s priceincrease published in Asian NGVCommunications May edition (page 19),stakeholders of steel-related industryaround the world are concerned aboutthe fact that the new pricing structurewill delay global economic recovery.Iron ore is the main raw material ofsteel. As previously reported, global steelprices are anticipated to hike to a thirdas price of iron ore is expected to go upbetween 80-100%. In fact, Brazilian ironore miners Vale has closed a deal withJapan's third-biggest steelmakerSumitomo for iron ore delivery in April-June at a cost of USD 100-110/tonne. Vale is the world'slargest producer of iron ore.Meanwhile, the second largest iron oreminers, the Anglo-Australian BHPBilliton, is set to tag its product for theApril-June quarter at USD 120/tonne.An additional USD17/tonne comparedto the average freight differential in thefirst quarter of 2010.The third miner, British-Australian RioTinto Group, is about to make a formalannouncement on this year's supplycontracts.The big boost in price will effect producers and consumers of any product that requires (a substantialamount of) steel to be produced. Awide variety of industries will be affected, including automotive industry. This would be a gain of almost 100%compared to the old contract priceaccording to a Merrill Lynch analyst.As biggest iron ore miners, the threecompanies have shaken the world withtheir move towards a new pricing structure: an increased price tag up to100% and a global pricing strategy(normally, benchmark prices are setannually between the suppliers and individual steel mills). Moreover, despiteof the commonly practised annual contract, recent deals with Asian buyerswere closed on a short-term basis: in aquarterly period instead of annually.On the other hand, things are lookingup in Asia. Mergers and acquisitions(M&A) during the first quarter 2010boomed especially in Asia as Americanand European companies sought forother markets to maintain their businesses. Unlike the slow down inAmerica and Europe, M&A volume in

Asia went up, showing a global shift inactivity due to the global credit crisis.The value of global M&A in Q1 of thisyear rose by 6% to USD 442 billion, ofwhich USD 89.4 billion were made withAsia-Pacific excluding Japan, almost93% bigger than those in Q1 of 2009.We are yet to see the Asian and globaltrade-result for Q2 and Q3 after theincrease of iron ore price came into effect.The European Steel industry body,Eurofer, noted that three companiescontrolled almost three quarters of theworld market. Eurofer urged EU regulators to response on this movement based on "unfair competitionand excessive pricing" in the iron oresector in the wake of European economic recovery. China, which imports around 50% ofthis raw material of steel, would behighly effected. This is also one of thereasons why China steel makers madea short-term contract for buying thismaterial, anticipating a further priceincrease.India, also a big (automotives) producers and exporters, would feel thehit. B. Muthuraman, vice-chairman ofTata Steel, said that Tata is facing a bigchallenge to curb its end product priceincrease. Iron ore are 100 percentimported in Tata Steel's European operations, which accounts for roughly50-55%of its overall turnover. However, Tata Steel is at lower risk thanChinese steel companies because itsoperations in India and other Asiancountries are self-sufficient or based onwaste steel, which generates higherprofits than its European operations, heconcluded.The challenge does not only come fromthe raw material price increase

controlled by external factors (companies), but also internally fromIndian government. The Indian SteelMinistry is considering creating a uniform 20% levy on all iron oreproducts to curb the exports of thismaterial. Recently, the minister imposed a newtax structure: 5% duty on import of ironore fines and 10% on high-grade ironore lumps (doubled from its previousduty). The Finance Ministry will maintainthe 5% duty difference between the ironore fines and lumps.The Federation of Indian MineralIndustries worries that the increase inexport tax would have a negativeimpact on exports. Last year, Indian ironore exports went up 21% in volumefrom April-October.

The impact on the NGV segment

How far would it influence our industry?

As mentioned above, on a global basis,Chinese and Indian, even Japanesecompanies (steel makers) are some ofthose that will feel the hit.Moreover, around the world, CNG compressors, dispensers, steel pipes,even valves and other small componentsutilise steel/iron in their making. In theautomotive segment, apart form thevehicle frames/body, engines, andaccessories, those using CNG cylinders—especially type 1 and 2—as well asLNG tanks would be highly affected.

We might see price changes in manysectors soon. Nevertheless, some producers are reported to do their bestto curb the price increase of their endproducts.

Iron ore price increase versus exportsof steel-based products

June 201021

June 201022

Good news for gas distribution companies and pipeline builders inIndia. As per April 9th this year,investors who wish to build gas infrastructure both for pipeline naturalgas (PNG) and compressed natural gas(CNG) for vehicles can obtain projectfinancing from the Reserve Bank ofIndia (RBI).

Before this, only construction ofpipelines for crude oil and petroleumproducts were covered under the RBIguidelines for infrastructure lending.

In January, Petroleum and Natural GasRegulatory Board Chairman, Mr L.Mansingh, had written to the RBIGovernor, Mr D. Subbarao, that CityGas Distribution Network needs to beconsidered as an integral part of theinfrastructure facility, aiming at bettergas distribution to end users.

In April, RBI amended the definition of“infrastructure lending” to include“pipelines carrying minerals and city gasdistribution networks”.

Loans for gas pipeline projects in India

Maharashtra Natural Gas Limited(MNGL) opened its first mother stationin Pune City at Pune MahanagarParivahan Mahamandal Ltd. (PMPML)depot in Shivajinagar. This took place in May after conducting10-days trials. Shivajinagar is located inthe heart of Pune and is the mostimportant area for the city. Drivers of around 400 PMPML buseswill be benefiting from this fuelling facility.

A greater gas pipeline infrastructure forCNG and PNG is being installed at themoment. MNGL is working on a newplan for the distribution of gas from themother station to other retail CNG outlets (daughter stations) atShivajinagar and the neighbouring area.

MNGL Managing Director ShyamSunder informed that apart fromShivajinagar, the other main stations inPune DISTRICT are located in Pimpri-Chinchwad area. With 6,500autorickshaws already using the CNGfacilities from Chikhali-Moshi and SantTukaram Nagar depots of PMPML in

Pimpri, the third fuel dispensing servicefor NGVs is now available inShivajinagar. The gas stations in Punedistrict will cater almost 40,000 CNGautorickshaws.

The Shivajinagar station is equippedwith two CNG compressors capable of

dispensing from 1,200 Sm2/hour with atotal delivery capacity of 48,000 kg ofgas per day. With the Chikhali stationalready having a capacity of 60,000kg/day and the Sant Tukaram Nagar25,000 kg/ day, the total installed CNGcapacity in Pune district would be133,000 kg/ day.

Maharashtra new CNG station

June 2010 23

Hyderabad to introduce CNG buses The Andhra Pradesh TransportDepartment (APSRTC), the largest bustransport system in the world thatbelongs to the Andhra Pradesh State, isplanning to further adopt 500 CNGbuses for the Road TransportCorporation (RTC) services, in line withthe RTC Vijayawada region that hassuccessfully incorporated NGVs in itsfleet.

Soon, 500 diesel buses in three depotsof the RTC city region will be convertedto CNG mode, aiming at a cheaper fuelcost, smoother ride, and less pollutionemission.

After seeing the benefits Vijayawadagains from running NGVs in its publictransport, the state’s Road TransportAuthority (RTA) wishes the Hyderabadcity and surrounding areas to also enjoythe same benefits.

In this case, the Bhagyanagar GasCompany (BGC) will be supplying CNGfrom Vijayawada to Shameerpet villagein Rangareddi district (near Hyderabaddistrict). The gas is delivered startingusing Daughter Booster System (DBS)this month. From Shameerpet, the fuelwill be transferred to eight private fillingstations of the RTC, in Hyderabad city.

Already, there are six other CNG fillingstations in the twin cities Vijayawadaand Guntur.

Initially, buses to be converted to NGVmode in Hyderabad district are thosefrom the Hakimpet, Ranigunj andKukatpally bus depots. Only EURO 3compliance buses can be converted toCNG technology. Non-EURO 3 compliance vehicles are planned to bephased out over a period of time.

Upon a success implementation of thisproject, the RTA would gradually installCNG kits in 3,000 buses to serveGreater Hyderabad. At a later stage,CNG will be made available in all busdepots in Ranga Reddy.

Training sessions on the CNG systemfor drivers and mechanics of the RTCwill also be organised. Presently, BGC offers natural gas at Rs

35/litre in Vijayawada. The transportdepartment and BGC signed a MoUregarding gas quota and price forHyderabad.

Vijayawada is the third largest city inAndhra Pradesh state (south-easterncoast of India). The city is located in theKrishna District, about 275 kilometresfrom the state capital Hyderabad.

Two new stations fromGujarat Gas

Gujarat Gas currently distributes CNGto over 115,000 vehicles through 33dispensing stations.The firm informed that during the firstquarter of this year, more than 5,700vehicles were converted to CNG in itsoperational areas (Surat, Ankleshwarand Bharuch). Two new CNG stationswere added during this period.

Potential NGVs adoption inMaharashtra port

Recently, union minister of shipping GKVasan announced a plan to makeJawaharlal Nehru Port a green port thatwould involve the installation of windand solar power units, usage of CNGvehicles in the port area, water harvesting and forestation, etc.

According to industry and trade people,this would be a big challenge as it couldbe very difficult to implement this greeninitiative.

The APSRTC runs a fleet of 19,000buses, the largest in the world.Hyderabad has the third largest busstation facility in Asia, with 72 platformsfor 89 buses to load passengers at atime.

Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat continue tobuild CNG stations and convert vehicles

Note: * Brent Crude is the biggest of the many major classifications of oil consisting of Brent Crude, Brent SweetLight Crude, Oseberg, Ekofisk and Forties. Brent Crude issourced from the North Sea. The Brent Crude oil marker isalso known as Brent Blend, London Brent and Brentpetroleum. It is used to price two thirds of the world's internationally traded crude oil supplies. The other well-known classifications (also called references or benchmarks) are the OPEC Reference Basket, Dubai Crudeand West Texas Intermediate (WTI). In America, New YorkExchange Mercantile (NYMEX) is very well known too.

June 201024

From the London ICE Brent’s “kitchen”, oil prices auctionedon May 3rd for June 2010 delivery showed high-and-lowprice of 89.58 - 87.16 USD per barrel (Brent WeightedAverage <BWAVE> at 88.55 USD/bbl).

The average/BWAVE for July contract was 89.50 USD/bbl. The price for December 2010 delivery is 92.54 USD/bbl,93.77 USD for June 2011, 95.16 USD for December nextyear, 96.55 USD for December 2012, 97.50 USD forDecember 2013 delivery.

Prices continue to go up and reach the 100.55 USD level foroil delivery in January 2017. Oil for December 2018 contractcosts 102.27 USD/bbl.

Below are some examples of other oil prices references*.In the NYMEX market, the June contract for benchmark USlight, sweet crudes was sold at 85.17 USD/bbl on April 29th.The July contract increased to 87.25 USD/bbl.

On the US spot market, WTI crude oil price increased by1.95 USD to 85.17 USD/bbl.

The average price for OPEC’s basket of 12 reference crudestraded on April 29th was up by 1.46 USD to 83.59 USD/bbl.The June delivery traded at London Brent on the same dateas above (April) was sealed at 87.08 USD/bbl.

In contrast, the June natural gas contract for the US droppedby 0.368 USD to 3.98 USD/MMbtu on NYMEX. On the USspot market, gas at Henry Hub, was down by 0.105 USD to4.11 USD/MMbtu.

Unlike oil, there is no official international reference pricewhatsoever for natural gas according to Flavio Mariani fromENI Gas & Power Division. (So the NG price given above issimply an indication of gas cost in certain markets).

However, as a reference, update figures about the price ofgas on subscription basis can be found atwww.icis.com/heren or http://www.platts.com/

Oil price and gas price update

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June 201026

The story of natural gas (NG) goes back to thousands ofyears ago. In 500 BC, the Chinese used NG to turn seawater into drinking water. In Victorian time in England,they used it to power streetlights. In 1860 Belgian inventorEtienne Lenoir created the first NG engine. The Russian andthe US introduced NGVs in the 30’s. In Italy, the first FIAT carwas converted to NGVs by Tartarini in 1943 in which twosmall CNG cylinders were installed on top of the car roof.That was the common practice at that time. Interest in usingNGVs intensified in the early 1950.

It took around 150 years since its earliest invention in 1860for NG motor to steal people’s attention and get around 1.3%of all vehicles (equal to 11.3 million NGVs) to be powered byNG in approximately 85 countries around the globe (out of195 countries worldwide). The number is quite modest compared to the adoption of gasoline and dieselvehicles that took 120 years to get 99% of cars, buses andtrucks to run on either of these fuels from its first enginesinventions in 1892 (Rudolf Diesel for diesel motor as well asthe inventor of gasoline engine Gottlieb Daimler and KarlBenz, all from Germany).

Yet, the future of NGVs is promising. In China, nowadaysaround 500,000 taxis, cars, buses and trucks use NGengines. In the UK almost 300 MD-HD trucks run on dual fueldiesel-LNG with more vehicles expected to be powered byLNG and CNG (with dedicated, dual fuel, or bifuel mode)especially since biomethane production was started recently.Italy has almost 677,000 NGVs and around 100,000 units areplying in US roads. Germany has 85,000 NGVs. WhileGreater Asia alone has 6.1 million of these vehicles.According to Pike Research study, oil producing countriescould become the largest market for NGVs (Latin America,the Middle East, and Africa). As per IANGV’s projection, Iranwould soon be no. 1 nation in this segment.

Looking at the statistics and related trends, Asian NGVCommunications believes that the Middle East and Asia willremain as the most attractive markets in the medium term (upto around 10 years), Latin America will remain as a big market. And only with the right support, SOME African countries, especially those with gas fields, hold a good potential too although currently they have a modest 330,200NGVs in their fleet.

The facts show that not all countries with big gas productioncapacity have become big adopters of NGVs. In fact, fromthe world biggest gas producers, only Iran (5th producer with116.3 billion cubic metres <cbm> gas) and China (11th

producer with 76.1 billion cbm) are listed on the top-10 NGVcountries. The biggest gas producer, Russia, is the 14th in the rank with100,000 NGVs. Second and fourth gas producers, USA andCanada, have around 100,000 and 12,000 NGVs respectively(no. 16 and 27 on the NGV list). Obviously there is a bigpotential in those 3 countries SHOULD the governmentand/or private companies support this segment more aggressively. The third gas producer, a compilation of theEuropean Union (excluding UK, the 13th gas producer thathas less than 300 NGVs), has 875,000 natural gas vehicles.

In fact, main NGV nations are there mainly because of, first, asound and sustainable government support which was thenfollowed by strong involvement by private sector—theinvestors. Later, this would lead to the establishment of manufacturers of related equipment and OEM NGVs for bothdomestic and export markets (all the top-7 countries:Pakistan, Argentina, Iran, Brazil, India, Italy and China.

With the exception of the 24th country, South Korea, with justover 23,000 NGVs and 157 stations but it produces and

Natural gas: the history and progress

June 2010 27

exports a wide range of NGV/station equipment. While its Hyundai bifuel cars are produced and sold in severaloverseas markets in Asia).

Second, putting aside the chicken and egg problem andinvesting in sufficient network of filling stations. In this case,“network” refers to number of stations compared to the areacovered where NGVs are operated.

Bangladesh has 200,000 NGVs with only 500 stations whileUSA which has 816 stations and only 100,000 NGVs as thecountry is much bigger than Bangladesh. All the top-11countries have more than 400 stations with the exception ofUkraine (no. 9 with 200,000 NGVs) that has 283 stations.

Other exception is Germany which invests a lot in stationsegment with 863 stations for 85,000 vehicles, aiming atrapid growth in the vehicle sector once the targeted 1,000stations are in place.

The third one recently emerges; to ensure the sustainability ofNGV adoption/business, fuel supply needs to be guaranteed.It applies both for the pressure and quantity of gas. In somecountries in Latin America and Asia, NGV adoption sloweddown as gas supply went down or insufficient.

The quantity should be enough for all segments: industrial,housing, and transport. In Bangladesh, India and Pakistan,this—and the shortage of power/electricity supply--has led totemporary closure of some CNG filling stations.

As you can read in this edition’s main editorial “New government incentives and activation of big NGV projects inAsia”, various big NGV projects and government incentives inAsian countries continue to be implemented and offered.

OEM NGVsJune 201028

Development of after market’sconverted OEM NGVs

The growth of NGVs in Thailand startedwith the after market’s converted NGVsof local CNG workshops by piloting anNGV project with five converted CNGbuses with no prominent progress during 1984-1992. During 1993-2004,the oil prices were still low. Nevertheless, Thai government hasgiven support to purchase almost 100OEM dedicated CNG buses andlaunched the promotional programs for10,000 converted taxis with the installation of 12 NGV stations. Then,CNG became the alternative fuel ofchoice to cope with the high andvolatile oil prices since 2005. The highworld oil price affected the continuousincrease in the number of accumulatedNGVs in Thailand from 25,000 NGVs in2006 to 56,000 NGVs in 2007 (55%increase compared to the previous year)to 130,000 NGVs in 2008 (56%increase) and 160,000 NGVs in 2009(21% increase).

Thai NGV market became the battlefieldfor many automobile manufacturingcompanies for selling OEM andretrofitted NGVs (NGV variants). This isalso made possible taks to the highincreased in the crude oil price thatpeaked at 140 USD/barrel by midyearof 2008 (at the time, diesel cost 1.39USD/litre) from only 51 USD in 2007(0.71 USD/litre of diesel), while the CNGwas sold at 0.25-0.29 USD/kg during2002-2004 and fixed at 0.26 USD/kgfrom 2005 until present.

In addition, the government has alsogiven support for tax incentives byexempting import duty for CNG cylinders and conversion kits, dedicatedNGVs with new engines, importedComplete Knocked Down (CKD) buschassis and passenger vans. It alsoreduced excise tax for OEM passengercars, minibuses and the making of NGVvariants outside manufacturing plants,and reducing road tax for NGVs.

The proportion of OEM in the NGV market share grew tremendously from2% in 2007, to 11% in 2008, 21% in2009, and 55% for January – April peri-

od of 2010. The current accumulatednumber of OEM NGVs (as of 31 April,2010) is 24,000. This indicated thesuccess of OEMs in Thai NGV market.

Market of OEM LDVs

Most LDV customers gave importanceto safety and warranty from automobilemanufacturers, because no warranty isextended for brand new vehiclesinstalled with CNG kits in local CNGworkshops (no warranty for NGV variants). While OEM NGVs are offeredwith warranty for chassis and engine.Like other automobiles from the factories, the auto-manufacturers

provide 3 years or 100,000 km warrantyfor OEM NGVs.

1. Mercedez-Benz, the only luxuriousautomobile company, pioneered theNGV market. In 2005, Benz E200 NGTwas imported to be sold in Thailand.Then, they were manufactured directlyin Thailand (OEM) with 4 cylinders(gears), 1,800 cc. gasoline engine, bifuel system with 107 litre water-capacity of four CNG cylinders.

2. Chevrolet CNG started to enter themarket in 2007 by working with localCNG conversion workshops. Brandnew vehicles produced/assembled in

Toyota Corolla Advanced CNG bifuel, one of the four OEM Light-Duty NGVs offered in Thailand

Chevrolet’s NGV variant, Optra bifuel

The Growth of OEM NGVs in Thailand

the factory is sent to conversion centresin the last stage of production to beequipped with CNG kits Chevroletbecame the leader in the segment inwhich 70% of the total market is holdby this firm in 2008 (equal to 5,500NGVs). They proposed NGVs for 3models, Optra 4 doors, Estate 5 doorswith 1,600 cc. (bifuel system) andColorado pickup with 4 cylinders, 2,500cc. common rail diesel engines withDDF (diesel duel-fuel or disel/CNGsystem).3. Mitsubishi Lancer CNG variant is alsodeveloped by a local CNG company(retrofit centre). Its features consist of 4cylinders (gears), 1,600 cc., bifuel system, 60 water litre of type 2 CNGcylinders which is covered by fiber (alighter cylinder than they type 1 steelcylinders).

In March, 2010, the company justunveiled Mitsubishi Triton CNG pickupwith a new bifuel system (compatible forbenzene or Gasohol E20 and CNG).The new model is available in Singlecab (120 water litre cylinder) and Megacab (100 water litre cylinder) with alightweight type 2 CNG tank.

4. At the end of 2008, Toyota CorollaAdvance CNG, bifuel system (OEM),which is fully manufactured in the factory, initially targeted the taxi marketand then extended to the customer

segment of cars. Then, Toyota HiluxVigo Pickup has been developed by aprivate local company (done by retrofitcentre), 2,700 cc. gasoline engine,being the second one in the CNG pickup market in the form of one stopservice. They got 37% of the OEMLDVs market share in 2009 and wonthe highest proportion of OEM at present with approximate 700-800NGVs/month.

5. Hyundai and Proton also penetratedthe market with Hyundai Sonata CNG(retrofit) with Bifuel system in the medium car segment and ProtonPersona CNG (Retrofit) from Malaysia inthe form of Sport Sedan with Bifuel system. Both Hyundai and Proton wereretrofitted by local private companies.

6. TATA Xenon Super CNG (OEM)entered the market at the end of 2008.The Indian pickup Xenon has a dedicat-ed CNG system, 4 cylinders (gears),2,092 cc. and two CNG cylinders of 60and 40 water litres placed on a chassisunder the pickup.

Market of OEM HDVs

Due to the hike of diesel price in 2008,transport entrepreneurs started to getinterested in using CNG. And particularlyin the time of economic recession, the

interest increased. They underlined theimportance of saving in energy expenses. In Thailand, CNG costs only28% of the current diesel price.

The OEM HDVs in bus, truck and trailersegment were initiated by importingfrom China. At present, the two manufacturing companies entered OEMHDVs market in Thailand.

1. Hino (OEM) proposed 2 models,FG1JPKA 6-wheels truck with 220 HPand FM1JKKA 10- wheels trailer with260 HP. Hino approach the marketunder the concept of SAVE SAFECLEAN vehicles that have the samepower as diesel engine, safety whileoffering the highest cost efficiency atthe same time.

2. Isuzu (OEM) super truck CNG – MPI, 6-wheela truck, putting emphasis onMPI system, is offered 3 models, 4HV1with 4,570 cc and 130 HP, 6HF1-TCNwith 7,790cc and 220 HP and 6H1-TCS with 7,790 cc and 245 HP.

In conclusion, many OEM companieshave shown an increased roles inenhancing the end users confidence inNGV segment. The OEMs offers vehicle owners eco-nomic and safety in using CNG fuelitself and vehicle warranties. This hashelped the OEM NGVs market inThailand to make a big leap in adopting NGVs. It is believed that thiswill continue to progress, especially incommercial and transport sectors.

By: Punnachai Footrakul, MarketingManager NGV Department, PTT Plc.,Thailand

Hino NGV 10-wheels trailer 260hp

Mr Punnachai Footrakul while visitingAsian NGV Communications’ stand atANGVA2009 expo in Korea

OEM NGVsJune 2010 29

OEM NGVs

In early May, Bajaj Auto launched twonew passenger three-wheelers, RE205D and RE 205M. Both will be available in CNG variants and sold atRs.127,300 and Rs.136,840 (ex-showroom Delhi) respectively.

Bajaj Auto also aims to launch a newsmall-passenger-car within the class ofTata Nano by 2012. The car will have asimilar price tag as Tata Nano of aroundUSD 2,500 but better fuel efficiency.

Bajaj Auto will team up with global autogiant Renault Nissan to develop thisvehicle.

The target market is three-wheelersowners who would move up to four-wheeler vehicle. For this purpose,Bajaj considers that these consumerswill buy four-wheelers on one main condition: the monthly operation costmust be affordable. This represents theprice, the mileage and the maintenance.

According to the firm’s experience, toattract those three-wheelers owners tobuy a car, the vehicle must offer 50%more efficiency on either power ormileage. Thus, the fuel consumption inthis small car class needs to beincreased from the currently available17-18 km/litre to at least 30 km/litre.

Meanwhile, Tata plans to introduce theNano in the European market by 2011.

The company is also considering rollingout the CNG version of this vehicle.

Russian Onexim to consideranother location to producethe future bifuel LDVs

Following the previous article on newOEM NGVs to be made by OneximGroup in Russia, new information fromthe company revealed that the vehiclewould be powered by bifuelgasoline/NG. Looking at the type of vehicles ofchoice, which now reported to mainlyconsist of LDVs (van, sedans, compactSUVs, even the possible light-duty trucks), the fuel to be used inthese new OEM NGVs would be CNGinstead of the reported LNG.

The company, presided by MikhailProkhorov, is now considering other cityas the possible location of the manufacturing plant. Apart from thepreviously chosen city, St Petersburg,now Togliatti (home of automakerAvtoVaz) is mentioned as the secondoption.

The construction of this plant would bestarted in 2011 and by late 2012 a full-scale production with a capacity of10,000 vehicles annually would beattained.

The upcoming bifuel car is expected tohave a modest 70 horsepower capacitywith a total weight of 1,540 pounds(around 700 kg), which is claimed to bearound 40% lighter than any other smallvehicles presently produced.

This would be made possible by using220 pounds (100kg) lightweight aluminum welded frame that would beclad with basalt fiber panels.

The company aims to create a singlechassis that could be fitted to the wholevehicle range, from cars to mini trucks,as mentioned above.

Industry analysts believe that Oneximneeds to see two main factors to guarantee the success of this projectsale. First, the vehicles must have adriving range of 300-400km on onefuelling. Second, those vehicles need tobe initially launched in Russia’s largestcities.

Regarding the fuelling infrastructure,there are 249 NG filling stations available in Russia including MoscowCity. The total NGV fleet in this nation is100,020 units.

Asian OEM NGVs in LatinAmerica

Chinese CNG minibuses inBoliviaBolivia is set to introduce CNG minibuses soon. These minibuses willbe imported from China by Santa Cruzunionized carriers. During the introduction, the vehiclesthat will ply Santa Cruz de la Sierra

have an automatic transmission, lowfloor and smart card reader. With USD 120 million invested in theprogramme, at least 6,000 units ofthese vehicles will be ordered to enrichColombia’s NGV fleet.

The Confederation of Drivers of Boliviahopes that the government will offeraccess to credits and zero customsduties.

Meanwhile, the National Program ofNatural Gas Vehicle Conversion (NGV)was officially launched in Cochabambain April. Around 4 licensed workshopsand 24 companies will be involved inthe re-qualification and replacement ofcylinders.

Around 15,000 public and private transport vehicles are expected to benefit from this free-conversion programme.

By May last year, this country hadalmost 123,000 NGVs and 128 CNGfilling stations.

Korean Hyundai in ColombiaThe Korean main automaker HyundaiMotors Company has introduced itsbifuel Hyundai Atos and Accent in theColombian market. Local installer willinstall the CNG kits in these cars.Initially, the vehicles will be used in taxifleets.

As per the OEM’s estimation, around50% savings on fuel costs can begained by operating these taxis onCNG. The fuel savings from the country’s total NGV fleet could reach upUSD 5 million in one year.

Presently Colombia has 230 CNG fillingstations in the capital city and provincesaround it. After some 23 years incorporating NGVs in Colombianroads, nowadays, almost 305,000 ofthese eco-friendly vehicles are runningin this country.

For more information, [email protected] or [email protected] for Boliviaand [email protected] forColombia.

June 201030

Bajaj Auto unveiled two new CNG three-wheelers

Techo UpdateJune 2010 31

During the April 2010 SAE WorldCongress, researchers from theUniversity of Strutgard’s Institute ofInternal Combustion Engines andAutomotive Engineering presented apaper on the optimization of a natural-gas engine for a parallel hybridpowertrain. This is possible by using anoversized turbocharger with and activewaste gate control and an EGR.

This kind of research/technology hasbeen initiated by various companiessince 2006. IVK, FKFS, Robert Bosch,and Opel were already collaboratingwith a natural gas hybrid vehicle projectfunded by the German Federal Ministryof Economics and Technology.

The study aims at achieving lower CO2reduction while maintaining the goodperformance of the engine. In this case,the engine operations are shifted to

higher loads which in turn also helpedto make the machine’s brake specificfunctions more energy efficient.

By using a hybrid power train layout,possibilities for a turbocharged ICEbecame broader. This will improve theefficiency of the whole range operation.

The active waste gate control also contributes by improving the machinesperformance on all speeds. The basic underlying principle of themethods that were implemented is this:they minimized the pumping meaneffective pressure (PMEP) to increasethe engine’s fuel efficiency.

Optimisation of CNG-fueled spark injection for a parallel hybrid powertrain

June 201032

BusinessCentreRomano’s system gets the homologation for Euro 5 vehicles

Homologations for CNG systems on Euro 5vehicles were successfully completed. AtRomano testing center c/o Romano plant inPomigliano d’Arco, in the presence of

technical staff of Ministry of Transportation, R 115homologations for CNG systems on Euro 4 vehicleshave been carried out on injection cars by Chevrolet,Volkswagen brand.

Romano Srl is the first Italian manufacturer who hadhis systems homologated for Euro 5 vehicles according to Government directives for all car manufacturers.

The Neapolitan company leads the way with regardto investments on research and development field.Data issued by CED, Electronic Data ProcessingCentre of Ministry of Transportation, confirm a positive trend in Mr. Antonio Romano’s companygrowth. Compared to 2009 data, in fact, in the firstquarter of 2010 Romano Srl won +5.5% consolidating his third place among the Italian manufacturers.

Via Passariello,195 80038 Pomigliano D'arco (Napoli)Italy - Tel +39 081 884 72 18, fax +39 081 803 83 60 [email protected]; www.romanoautogas.it

All in one – WEH refuelling sets for natural gasWEH can now offer complete refuelling assemblies consisting of a

fuelling nozzle, hose and breakaway coupling ready forinstallation at fuelling stations for buses, trucks andcars. The sets can be assembled to customer specification, for example variouslengths of fillinghose, fuellingnozzles for variousapplications andbreakawaycouplings. The breakaway couplingscan be assembled for installation directly to the dispenser oras an 'inline' part of the hose assembly.

The individual refuelling components feature high flow rates, short filling times and aremade from high-grade materials. WEH sets are designed for CNG fast filling of vehicles at self-serve fuelling stations and meet therequirements of the Pressure Equipment DirectivePED97/23/EC.

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June 2010 33

BusinessCentre

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Certified to ECE R110, the HPNGV Regulator is proven tobe a safe and reliable pressure control element. The NewHPNGV3 Series CNG Regulator incorporates the samerobust design and manufacturing characteristics as theHPNGV2 Series, and offers improvements in value with anoptional inlet sensor and/or solenoid (high pressure shut-off) integrally mounted into the regulator.

Over a decade of service in the most demanding applications has proven the HPNGV Series Regulator isthe choice for OEM vehicle, engine and fuel systems.Certified to ECE R110, ISO15500 and NGV3.1Certifications are pending.

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June 201034

BusinessCentreANGVA Board Meeting, 2011 event, and collaboration withAsian NGV CommunicationsOn May the 12th, ANGVA held itsBoard Meeting in China AutomotiveTechnology and Research Center(CATARC) office in Beijing, China.Through CATARC, China was chosen asthe host country for ANGVA2011 conference and exhibition. The event willbe held in China National Exhibition Centerin Beijing on 18-20 October next year.

Answering Asian NGV Communicationsquestion on the appointment of thehost country, the ANGVA executivedirector Lee Giok Seng said,” China is abig NGV market and has an importantposition in our industry. And this marketcontinues to grow. Already for sometimeANGVA wants to be significantly presentin China. But the election was not madebased on this reason.

Host country was elected through aninclusive bidding process. And Chinawon this because, amongst others, it isa major NGV country that still holds alot of potential to grow even furtherboth in terms of market size and technology. Also, it recognises the importance of alternative fuels vehiclesincluding those powered by CNG andLNG. The government—key ministriesas well as many municipalities—supportthe development of this industry inChina. The private sector--especiallycomponent and NGVs manufacturers--aims to expand their market, both locally and internationally.We are very glad that CATARC hasjoined the bid. And we thank them for it.

Private event organizers in China havebeen holding several CNG related exhibitions for several years. However,this ANGVA2011 will have somethingmore to offer and to distinguish it fromthose past exhibitions. Focus will begiven to having more foreign companiesin the exhibition. It will give the opportunity and the right platform formore foreign companies to be presentand to display their products in China.Nevertheless, the association alsorecognises the inevitable importance ofhaving local participants in this event.We will have an agenda and strategy toaccommodate the participants, particularly the exhibitors, and to

facilitate them in an excellent manner.As usual, the conference will cover various aspects of the industry as wellas update market information from various Asian countries and the regionas a whole. This will be an event-to-befor all NGV stakeholders who haveinterests in Asian and NGV market”

On the other hand, CATARC hasbooked 110,000 sqm-space to accommodate this event.Willis Guan from CATARC said thatmajor government departments havegiven their endorsement for the implementation of ANGVA2011. Those government offices which havebeen supporting NGV industry and/or

this event include the Ministry ofScience and Technology, Ministry ofIndustry and Information Technology,and the National Development andReforming Commission.

The signing ceremony of the appointment of ANGVA2011 host country was done at the same date inthe CATARC office in Beijing.

Few days later,and CATARC inked a collaborativeagreement to promote this event.ANGVA2011 will be present at theNGV2010 Roma exhibition and conference organized by the NGVCommunications Group.

ANGVA President Wichai Pornkeratiwat and CATARC President Zhao Hang during the signingceremony for agreement to organise ANGVA2011

CATARC R&D laboratory in Tianjin: regulator testing instrument

June 2010 35

BusinessCentreFuel Systems Solutions’ Q1 revenuesand stock value increased a lot

Systems Solutions (FSYS) in Mayannounced that the firm’s stock valuehas exceeded its expectation (USD0.92 per share) as the value went up bynearly 300% from the same quarter of2009, now reaching USD 1.59 pershare. Revenues also more than doubled from a year ago Q (quarter) toUSD161.70 million.

FSYS is expecting to have anotherstrong quarter due to an increase indemand because of expired Italian subsidies for CNG vehicles, althoughlater it would be levelling off.

The company has made several acquisitions in the recent years, focusing on CNG-related business.Several companies incorporated in itsportfolio include BRC, IMPCOAutomotive, GFI, TA Gas Technology

and Zavoli that offer bi-fuel vehicle conversion technology, in-house capabilities for systems integration, testing and certification.

IMPCO and GFI are claimed as worldleaders in alternative fuel systems forthe industrial market. These companieshave been providing alternative gaseousfuel solutions for industrial use: mobileequipment, stationary engines andpower generation.

In the fuelling sector, FSYS has BRCFuelMaker and FuelMaker Inc that provide CNG fuelling management(compressors, dispensers, etc) andhome refuelling system, respectively.BRC FuelMaker also offers completeturnkey solutions to fleets as well asindividual customers.

Visit:http://www.fuelsystemssolutions.com/default.asp

ANGVA’s priority on thetechnical issues

During the ANGVA Board Meeting,the Chairman of the TechnicalCommittee of this association,Brenda Smith, raised a question onwhat members see as the primeissue in the technical segment thatneeds to be tackled by this committee. The member found thatpriority should be given to the safety aspect of CNG cylinders.

It was then decided that—apartfrom giving safety workshops to allinterested parties (that has beendone several times during therecent years)—the association willorganize a “Cylinder ManufacturerForum” on how the manufacturerscan improve the safety in relation toCNG cylinders in the industry. On the first day of the forum, manufacturers will be given opportunities to discuss freely andopenly among themselves toaddress and help solving this issue.

On the second day, end users andmanufacturers from various countries will be able to exchangeinformation, concerns, and collectideas to tackle this problem.Engineers and managers from OEMNGVs, conversion workshops, andfleets managers are expected to jointhe second day forum as end users.To join and get more informationabout this forum, contact BrendaSmith or Lee Giok Seng [email protected] [email protected].

Brenda Smith, ANGVA Chairman ofTechnical Committee with her colleaguefrom Gas Advisers while visiting AsianNGV Communications’ stand at NGVChina 2010 exhibition

CountryNatural Gas Vehicles Refuelling stations

VRAMonthly gasconsumption

(M Nm3)Last update

Total Cars/LDVs MD/HDbuses

MD/HDtrucks Others Total Public Private Under

construction

June 201036

Asian NGV statisticsNGV statistics

Fuel Prices

Country

Armenia 0,67 0,63 0,61 0,32 0,29 0,33Australia 0,77 0,72 0,78 0,34 0,30 0,35Bangladesh 0,52 0,49 0,34 0,18 0,16 0,18China 0,59 0,56 0,50 0,34 0,30 0,35Egypt 0,35 0,23 0,14 0,06 0,05 0,06India 0,64 0,48 0,27 0,24 0,28Indonesia 0,44 0,31 0,33 0,18 0,16 0,18Iran 0,10 0,07 1,01 0,03 0,02 0,03Japan 1,39 1,31 1,19 0,68 0,52 0,58Korea 1,11 0,96 0,55 0,49 0,56Malaysia 0,40 0,35 0,34 0,15 0,13 0,15Pakistan 0,68 0,57 0,40 0,36 0,41Philippines 0,56 0,50 0,22 0,20 0,23Russia 0,57 0,48 0,41 0,19 0,17 0,19Singapore 0,94 0,67 0,70 0,63 0,72Thailand 0,77 0,72 0,67 0,14 0,13 0,14

PremiumGasoline(Euro/litre)

RegularGasoline(Euro/litre)

Diesel(Euro/litre)

CNG(Euro/Nm3)

CNG price equivalent perlitre gasoline

CNG price equivalent per

litre diesel

Pakistan 2.250.100 2.200.000 100 50.000 3.145 3.145 March 2010Iran 1.820.000 1.814.478 5.522 1.255 1.234 21 900 189,00 May 2010India 700.000 680.380 12.000 715 6.905 500 181 319 52,00 April 2009China 500.000 320.000 150.000 30.000 1.652 1.453 199 232 9 January 2010Bangladesh 200.000 168.412 3.233 8.355 20.000 500 500 13 91,55 January 2010Thailand 173.480 140.050 11.720 20.030 1.680 404 379 25 36 0 95,60 March 2010Uzbekistan 47.000 47.000 63 63 8,83 September 2009Malaysia 42.631 42.105 466 14 46 137 135 2 10 January 2010Japan 38.861 14.940 1.489 20.952 1.480 342 292 50 614 March 2010Myanmar 22.821 4.527 18.290 4 37 37 October 2008Korea 25.744 1.470 23.475 798 1 157 157 5 13 81,68 March 2010Tajikistan 10.600 10.600 53 53 4,13 December 2007Kyrgyzstan 6.000 6.000 6 6 0,60 December 2007Singapore 4.578 4.533 30 15 5 5 December 2009Indonesia 2.550 1.755 335 210 250 9 9 December 2009Australia 2.825 100 1.700 275 750 47 4 43 39 130 November 2009United Arab Emirates 305 305 0 0 2 1 1 1 March 2007New Zealand 283 180 66 37 14 14 March 2007Philippines 36 11 25 3 1 2 February 2006Taiwan 4 4 1 1 April 2005Vietnam 1.002 1.000 2 12 11 1 December 2009Kazakhstan 10 10 September 2009Turkmenistan 1 1 November 2009Egypt 128.754 126.080 1.217 712 745 124 120 4 19 38,00 March 2010Russia 100.020 57.000 8.000 35.000 20 249 202 47 12 27,71 December 2009Armenia 101.352 69.971 9.831 19.626 1.924 275 9 266 14 28,50 September 2009Turkey 3.339 1.850 1.489 14 8 6 35 0,40 April 2010Georgia 3.000 3.000 42 42 January 2008Greater Asia 6.185.285 5.715.747 248.994 136.706 83.838 9.059 8.059 1.000 1.245 837 618 May 2010World total 11.398.701 16.392.557 653.901 363.361 171.130 17.539 23.940 2.658 2.894 13.596 1.968,26 May 2010

Region Total NGVsCars

/LDVsMD/HDBuses

MD/HDTrucks

Othersfuellingstations

World review

Asia 5.977.574 5.583.926 229.674 82.080 81.894 8.479

Eurasia 207.711 131.821 19.320 54.626 1.944 580

Africa 329 310 5 14 0 8

Europe 1.094.671 884.994 130.848 77.775 1.054 2.905

South America 4.003.239 3.979.759 13.820 9.660 0 4.647

North America 115.177 99.037 11.240 2.500 2.400 920

World 11.398.701 10.679.847 404.907 226.655 87.292 17.539

In this table, Asia includes Egypt but excluding Eurasian countries(Armenia, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey). Egypt, that has 122,271NGVs and 119 CNG filling stations is not yet included in Africa listing.

Volume V Number 40 June 2010 Incentives and activation of...

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