Volume IV Number 33 November 2009

Green Highways

Malaysia, Vietnam,and Pakistan

India

Potential OEM NGVsfor local market

L-CNG and LNG sector isgrowing popularity in Asia

ISO 15500

BUREAU VERITAS

Certification

ISO 9000

Nº 224008 / Nº 105507

November 20092

Summary04 NGV business starts to

pick up again

NGV business starts to pick up againOil price was down a lot; global economic slow down took place; NGVrelated business decelerated as well ...

16LCNG and LNG refuelling stations represent a good alternative to CNGrefuelling stations for a number of different reasons. In order to better ...

20

22 The design process of the turbogas locomotive GT-1

24 Historical development of CNGbusiness in Bangladesh

26 CNG refueling business in the UAE

28 The success of AGHP2009 in Thailand,Malaysia, Vietnam & Pakistan

32 Challenges in fuelling sector inPakistan

33 Potential OEM NGVs for India

35 Marketing NGVs in 2010

Copies Distribution

The first Russian turbo gas locomotive

Asian NGV Communications is a publicationof NGV Communications Group, publishinghouse and fairs-conferences organizer: www.ngvgroup.comIn Europe, we print The Gas Vehicles Report,GVR, and www.ngvguide.com, theInternational NGV Guide. In Argentina, the Group publishes PrensaVehicular, Argentine CNG Guide, maps,books and brochures while in Brazil, Folhado GNV, Brazilian NGV Guide, maps andposters, among others. In Peru PrensaVehicular Peru. More info: www.ngvgroup.comThe signed articles are exclusive responsibility ofthe authors, as well as advertising companies andagencies are responsible for the published ads.

300-5, Changchon-Ri ■ Namsan-MyunChuncheon-Si ■ Kangwon-Do ■ 200-911 Tel. and fax.: +82 33 260 3419

+31 20 420 1076asia@ngvgroup.com ■ www.asiangv.com

Vicolo Gonzaga 13 ■ 46045 Marmirolo (Mn)Tel.: +39 0376 294055info@thegvr.com ■ www.thegvr.com

Uspallata 711 ■ CP 1268 ■ Capital FederalTel./Fax: +54 11 43074559 /5201/ 43006137 info@prensavehicular.comwww.prensavehicular.com

is member of the ANGVA (Asia Pacific NGV Association)

18 LNG mobility heating up in AsiaPacific Region

New activity and ambitious plans toconvert heavy duty diesel trucks in theAsia-Pacific region will benefit fromincreased shipments and trade of ...

We print and mail to 24countries about 4.000 copiesaddressed to governmental relat-ed offices, OEM and Oil & Gascompanies, associations, related NGV indus-tries, refuelling stations,workshops and suppliers,according the following list (somefigures rounded):Armenia: 0.3%Australia: 4.1%Azerbaijan: 0.2%Bangladesh: 5.0%China: 10.9%Egypt: 1.9%India: 9.5%

Indonesia: 1.6%Iran: 7.0%Israel: 0.1%Japan: 10.2%Korea: 5.1%Malaysia: 6.6%Myanmar: 0.5%New Zealand: 1.0%Pakistan: 11.4%Philippines: 3.6%Russia:4.3%Singapore: 3.1%Taiwan: 0.2%Thailand: 5.8%Turkey: 5.5%United Arab Emirates: 2.1%Vietnam: 0.1%

In addition, the magazine issent to over 19.300 readersin 94 countries

by e-mail (.pdf) and is also onlinein www.ngvgroup.comIf your NGV business is in Asia,advertise with us.

Asian NGV Communications300-14, Changchon-Ri,Namsan-Myun, Chuncheon-Si, Kangwon-Do,200-911 KOREATel : +31 20 420 1076Tel : +82 33 260 3419e-mail: asia@ngvgroup.com

Av. Brasil 3222 oficina 403 - AMagdalena del Mar - RUC: 20513085576CP: Lima 17- peru@prensavehicular.co

PERU

KOREA

ITALY

ARGENTINA

BRASIL

Av. Rio Branco, 131 Sala 1.701CEP: 20040-006 Rio de Janeiro - RJTel: + (55 21) 2244-7537info@folhadognv.com ■ www.folhadognv.com

Printed: Rigraph S.R.L.• Constitución 4, 28.511 Madrid - España• Tilcara 3.146, Buenos Aires

LCNG and LNG refuelling stations: Why and when?

November 20094

NGV business starts to pick up againOil price was down a lot; global economic slow down took place; NGVrelated business decelerated as well.However, as oil price started back tonormal (around USD 70/bbl during thesecond half of 2009 to USD 68 inSeptember), economic confidence isslightly restored and business is backfor NGV industry. Currently, it movesforward at a very modest but promisingpace. All sectors, from CNG variantsfrom automotive manufacturers to conversion and fuelling segments, projects, plans, and financing are shaping up. From the Association side,after crossing 10 countries to promoteNGVs/CNG in South, East and South-East Asia, the ANGVA Green Highway2009 Project was successfully completed.

ChinaFuelling station owners and gas distributors in China continue buildingmore NG stations. The fuel offeredvaries from LNG to CNG from gas mineand coal-bed methane (in ShanxiProvince). Biomethane is also consideredas a good source of fuel. Among thestation owners, China ProsperousEnergy (CHPC) is going to build twomore CNG stations in Henan Province.

BangladeshFor the first time, this country will havea CNG auto rickshaw built by localexpertise and with domestic spare-parts. The Bangladesh IndustrialTechnical Assistance Centre (BITAC), anautonomous body under the Ministry ofIndustries, has prepared a nine-yearproject proposal that is worth Tk 26.84million for producing 2,000 CNG autorickshaws per year. The main goal of theproject is to phase out non-motorisedauto-rickshaws and replace these withthe CNG-powered ones. Training, technical know-how, and soft loans willbe provided to rickshaw pullers whowish to replace their rickshaws with themotorised ones. According to the initialestimation, the CNG rickshaw will costTk 250,000/unit, cheaper than a CNGauto rickshaw with substandard spareparts sold at Tk 350,000.

IndiaMaruti Suzuki is developing an enginethat will use multi-point fuel injection(MPFI) technology in CNG mode toeliminate power and efficiency lossassociated with CNG engines currentlyused in vehicle conversions. The MPFItechnology will offer a better utilisationof CNG fuel, higher power with good

performance at high speed like thenew-generation gasoline cars, and hugesavings in fuel costs. Fuel cost can becut to 75% compared to when gasolineis used in the cars, making it one of theworld’s cheapest cars in terms of fuel bills.Toyota Corolla Altis CNG was launchedin September 2009. The car isequipped with a modern SequentialInjection System and ECU to ensureproper fuel saving and excellent performance, allowing duel efficiency of20km driving range per kg CNG withoutsacrificing power output.

India-based auto manufacturer TataMotors has chosen Alternative FuelSystems (AFS) engine control for theCNG version of its Xenon XT extendedcab pickup truck. The model of XenonXT is provided by Tata Motors (Thailand)Ltd. AFS is in the process of licensingthe vehicle for testing on Canadian roads. Hindustan Motors (HM) and PunjabNational bank have inked a 3 yearsMOU for financing the purchase of HMShifeng Winner 1.8 CNG mini truck.The funding will be offered to buyers ofCNG Winners. The truck is the firstLight Commercial Vehicle (LCV) of Indiapowered by CNG and met the BharatStage 4 (Indian emission norm), themost eco-friendly in its class. It has apowerful 4 cylinders 1,800 cc engine,double CNG cylinders that can coverlarge distances and can operate as minihighway truck with bigger tyres, highground clearance and large loadingspace.

Hyderabad City is expected to introduceCNG for vehicles (buses) in few months.

PakistanAlthough Pakistan is currently facing aserious issue with its CNG fuelling business, the government carries onwith its CNG bus project. One of themain cities to have these vehicles,Karachi, is expected to have 500 ofthese buses by end of this year. By 2010,another 500 to 1,000 units would beadded and would operate in 40 routes.Within five years, 4,000 CNG buses areexpected to operate in Karachi.

In Lahore, The Punjab government andChinese-based Norinco Internationalplan to start a joint Mass Transit Projectin this city. Apart from that, an agreementhas been inked with a Chinese companywhich would provide CNG buses for thissecond biggest city in Pakistan.

The PhilippinesCallandra -an affiliate of Singapore

companies- is investing USD160 M forbuilding six CNG refuelling stations inMetro Manila and one in gas processingplant in Batangas. The firm aims atopening a new gas supply corridor inMetro Manila and other key populationareas. Each station is planned to beequipped with 10 dispensers with dualnozzles to cater 20 buses at once.

By mid 2010, two stations are expectedto be opened and serve up to 2,000buses. The firm expects to see 3,500buses by 2012 and 5,000 units by2014. When the final target is achieved,83M gallons of diesel would bereplaced with “clean” CNG every year.The company indicated that CNG pricewill be 25% cheaper than localpetroleum products. The government’sseven-year pilot programme guaranteesthat CNG price will be pegged atP14.52/litre equivalent, less than half ofdiesel price.

SingaporeAfter experiencing several months ofbusiness slow down resulting fromglobal oil price decline, vehicle conversion business in Singapore started picking up recently. BySeptember, 4,289 NGVs, consisting of4250 taxis, 30 buses, and 9 trucks,were recorded in this country, 128unitsmore than the August figure. According to The Land TransportAuthority, number of CNG taxisincreased by 64% compared to lastyear, while CNG passenger cars population grew by 8.4% to 2,650 units.A thousand of those taxis are owned byTrans-Cab, Singapore’s second biggesttaxi operator who also owns the biggestCNG refuelling station in the world.Trans-Cab station, which by Septemberwas in full operation with its 46 dispensersand several Galileo’s MicroboxCompressors, is recorded as the biggestCNG refuelling station in the GuinnessBook of Records. The station is suppliedwith a conversion workshop, car wash,and 7-Eleven sit-down dining facility.

A conversion centre informed that theyhave retrofitted only 10 vehicles withinsix months, while recently they convert-ed4 vehicles during their first week aftermoving their facility to this station.Taxi-Cab, which has 1,000 CNG cabsplus 2,000 other taxis, plan to increaseits fleet to 8,000 vehicles in five years.At least 3,000 more CNG cabs areexpected to be added within one-and-a-half year from now. Running cost ofNGVs is low. It is SGD 0.07 per kmcompared to SGD 0.11/litre diesel.

NGV business starts to pick up again

November 20096

天然气汽车市场回暖石油价格大跌，全球经济萧条，天然气汽车市场也因此表现低迷。然而，随着石油价格回复正常水平（在2009年下班年达到7

0美元/桶，9月为68美元/桶），经济活力得以恢复，天然气汽车产业也跟着回暖了。目前，天然气汽车产业以平稳的脚步发

展，且前景乐观。从汽车制造商，到改装商，从加气站到金融业务等等相关产业也随之重新振作起来。亚太天然气汽车协会

发起的“2009绿色公路”项目以天然气汽车为载体穿越10个南亚、东亚及东南亚国家，已经成功落下帷幕。

中国中国的燃气供应商及加气站经营商继续修建天然气加气站。燃料的种类得以拓展，从LNG到CNG，再到煤层气（山西省境内）

均得到不同程度的应用。生物甲烷也被认为是理想的燃料。在众多的加气站经营商中，China Prosperous Energy

(CHPC)公司将在河南省再建两座CNG加气站。

孟加拉孟家拉首次生产出本国技术作为支撑且零部件全部国产化的CNG三轮机动车。孟加拉工业技术支持中心（BITAC）作为本国工

业部的自治机构准备了一个项目建议书，该项目提出每年生产2000辆CNG三轮机动车，价值达2684万Tk，项目期长达9年。项

目旨在以CNG三轮车取代非机动的三轮车。有意愿替换自己非机动三轮车的车主可获得培训、技术支持、以及低息贷款。初步

估算，更换的CNG三轮车每辆为250,000 塔卡，而配置标准件的CNG车型价格在每辆350,000 塔卡。

印度Maruti Suzuki 公司正在开发一款应用多点喷射（MPFI）技术的CNG发动机，该技术能消除目前改装CNG车的发动机的功率及效率损失。

多点喷射技术可以更好地使用CNG，尤其在高转速下能获取如新一代汽油车那么高的功率输出，同时燃料消耗也有所减少。燃

料成本与汽油车比可减少25%，因此，从燃料成本角度说，它是世界上最便宜的汽车。

丰田的Corolla Altis天然气轿车于2009年9月上市。该车配备了顺序喷射系统和电子控制单元以保证燃料消耗最低同时性能最佳。

车辆的燃料经济性达到每公斤20公里，而动力输出没有受到丝毫损失。

印度本土汽车制造商塔塔公司选择了替代燃料系统公司(AFS)为其Xenon XT皮卡配备CNG发动机控制系统。

AFS公司正在为该车办理加拿大路试的准许证。

Hindustan Motors (HM)公司和Punjab国家银行签订了一份为期3年的金融合作备忘录，双方将通过该协议为HM Shifeng

Winner 1.8CNG微型卡车的购买者提供贷款。

该车是印度首辆CNG轻型商用车，达到印度第四阶段排放标准，是同级别车中最环保的车型。该车装有4缸1.8升的发动机，两

个气瓶可以保障长距离运输的燃气供应，同时还有大尺寸轮胎，离地间隙以及装载空间都较大。

海得拉巴市将在数月后引进天然气公交车。

巴基斯坦尽管巴基斯坦的天然气汽车产业出现加气紧张的问题，但政府仍旧继续推进天然气公交车计划。卡拉齐作为使用天然气公交

车的城市之一将在年底引入500辆天然气公交车。到2010年，将再引入500-1000辆，且运行线路将扩展至40条。

5年内，将有4000辆CNG公交车在卡拉齐运行。

在拉哈尔市，政府与一家中国公司——Norinco International计划开展一项大众公交项目。

目前，一项协议已经起草，一家中国公司将为该市供应天然气公交车。

菲律宾Callandra是新加坡公司的附属公司，它正在投资1.6亿元用于建造天然气加气站，其中6座建在马尼拉，1座建在巴坦加斯的

燃气处理厂。该公司打算在马尼拉及其他人口密集地区建设一条燃气供应走廊。每个加气站将配有10台加气机，每台加气机

都有两个加气枪，可以满足20辆公交车同时加气的需求。

到2010年中期，预计将有两座加气站建成，可满足2000辆天然气公交车的需求。该公司预计到2012年会有3500辆公交车，到2

014年将上升到5000辆。如果目标得以实现，每年CNG可替代8300万加仑的柴油。该公司指出天燃气价格将比石油产品价格低2

5%。菲律宾政府启动了一项7年的示范运行项目，该项目要求CNG价格必须维持在14.52比索/升当量，还不到柴油价格的一半。

新家坡经过了石油价格回落所引发的业务萎缩，新加坡的燃气车辆改装市场开始回暖。截止9月，新加坡已经有4,289

辆天然气汽车,包括 4250辆出租车, 30辆公交车,以及9辆卡车, 总量比8月增加了128辆。

据土地运输局的数据，CNG出租车与去年相比增加了64%，CNG乘用车增加了8.4%，达到2650辆。其中，有一千辆出租车由Trans-

Cab公司拥有，该公司是新加坡第二大出租车运营商，同时还用以后国际上最大的天然气加气站。截止9月份，这个加气站共有46台

加气机，和若干Galileo公司出品的压缩机，吉尼斯世界记录大全已经将其收录。该加气站还配有一个改装厂，一个洗车行，以及一

个7-Eleven便利餐厅。

一家改装公司透露，在过去的六个月中他们总共改装了10辆车，而从入驻该加气站以来，仅头一周就改装了4辆车。

Taxi-Cab公司拥有1000辆CNG出租车，还拥有其他类型的出租车2000辆，该公司计划在未来5年内将其车队总数扩充至8000辆。

在未来1年半的时间里，该公司将至少增加3000辆CNG出租车。天然气汽车的运行成本较低，每公里仅0.07新元，而每升柴油

的价格为0.11新元。

November 20098

유가가 대폭 하락하고 세계 경기가 점차 회복세를 보이면서 NGV 관련 산업이 약간 주춤했었다. 하지만 유가가정상궤도(2009년 하반기 USD 70/bbl, 9월 USD 68)에 들어서기 시작하고 다시 경기에 대한 확신이 적어지자 NGV산업으로 쪽으로 관심을 돌리기 시작 했다. 현재, NGV 산업은 신중하면서도 제 속도를 보이며 움직이고 있다. 자동차제조업체의 개조, 충전소 분야, 프로젝트, 계획, 파이낸스 등 CNG와 관련된 다양한 분야에서 그 모양새를 갖추어가고있다. 협회 쪽을 보면 남부, 동부, 동남 아시아에서 10개국을 횡단하며 NGV/CNG를 홍보하기 위한 ANGVA그린하이웨이2009 프로젝트를 성공리에 마쳤다.

중국중국의 충전소 업자들과 가스 공급업체는 꾸준히 NG 충전소를 건립하고 있다. 바이오메탄 역시 좋은 연료 자원으로평가되며 CNG부터 LNG까지(산시성) 다양하게 공급되고 있다. 충전소 업자들과 중국 풍요 에너지(CHPC)는 하난 지방에2개의 충전소를 더 설립할 계획이다.

방글라데시방글라데시는 최초로 국내 기술자와 국산 스페어-파트를 사용한 CNG 자동 인력거를 선보일 예정이다. 산업부산하기관인 방글라데시 산업 기술 지원 센터(BITAC)는 연간 2,000대의 자동 인력거를 생산해내며 Tk 26.84 백만의수익을 올리는 9년 프로젝트 제안서를 준비했다. 이 프로젝트의 주요 목표는 수동인력거를 철폐하고 CNG로 운행하는자동 인력거로 대체하는데 있다. 자동 인력거로 대체하길 원하는 인력거 소유주에게는 훈련, 기술 노하우, 소액 대출을제공한다.

인도Maruti Suzuki 는 불필요한 파워 소모를 없애고 효율성을 높이고자 CNG 모드에서 다중 연료 분사 방식 기술(MPFI) 을사용하는 엔진을 개발 중이다. MPFI 기술은 신세대 휘발유 차량이 고속으로 달릴 때 좋은 성능을 보이는 것 못지 않게 큰힘을 자랑하며CNG연료의 효율성을 더 높여 줄 것이다. 휘발유 대비 75%까지 절감하는 것을 보여주며 연료비 면에있어서는 세계에서 가장 저렴한 자동차로 만들어 줄 것이다.

인도의 자동차 제조업체인 타타 자동차는 CNG 용 Xenon XT 초장축 캡 픽업 트럭의 엔진 제어에 AFS(다양한 연료시스템)시스템을 채택했다. Xenon XT 모델은 타타 자동차 주식회사 (태국)에서 제공 되었으며 AFS는 현재 캐나다 도로테스트를 위한 자동차 라이센스 작업 중이다.

힌두스탄 자동차와 펀잡 국제 은행은 HM Shifeng Winner 1.8 CNG 미니 트럭 구매를 위한 파이낸스 3년 계약을체결하였다. 이 트럭은 CNG로 운행되며 Bharat 4 단계(인도 배출 기준)를 만족하는 이 분야에 있어서는 가장 친환경 적인인도의 첫 번째 소형 상업용(LCV) 트럭이 될 것이다. 이 트럭은 4 기통이며 1,800 CC 엔진, 장거리를 운행이 가능한 더블CNG 용기를 갖추며 큰 타이어를 장착하고 넓은 적재 공간이 있는 미니 트럭으로 운행될 것이다.

Hyderabad시는 2~3 개월 후 CNG 자동차(버스)를 선보일 예정이다.

파키스탄현재 파키스탄은 CNG 충전소 문제로 심각한 상황에 처해있는데도 불구하고 정부는 CNG 버스 프로젝트를 추진 중이다.해당 CNG 버스를 운행하게 될 주요 도시 중의 하나인 가라치시는 이 번 연도 말까지 500개의 CNG버스를 운행할예정이다. 2010년까지 500대~1,000대의 버스가 추가되어 40개 노선을 운행하게 될 것이다. 5년 안에 가라치시에 4,000대의 CNG 버스가 운행 될 것으로 보고 있다.

라호르 시는 펀잡 정부와 중국의 노린코 인터네셔널 공동 대형 운송 프로젝트를 계획하고 있다, 이와는 별도로 중국의노린코 인터네셔널은 파키스탄에서 두 번째로 큰 도시에 CNG 버스를 공급하기로 계약을 체결하였다.

필리핀싱가포르 회사Callandra 필리핀 지사는 대도시 마닐라에 6개의 충전소와 바탕가스에 가스 공장을 설립하는데 USD160M을 투자할 계획이다. 이 회사는 대도시 마닐라와 또 다른 핵심 지역에 가스 공급 코리더를 여는데 목표를 두고 있다. 각충전소는 동시에 20대의 버스 충전이 가능한 2개 노즐이 달린 10개의 디스펜서를 설치하게 된다.

2010년 중반까지, 2,000대의 버스까지 충전할 수 있는 2개의 충전소가 생길 전망이다. 이 회사는 2012년까지 3,500대의버스, 2014년까지 5,000대의 버스를 보게 될 것이라고 전망하고 있다. 마지막 목표를 달성하고 나면 디젤 83M 갤론은매년 “청정” CNG로 대체 될 것이다. 이 회사는 또 CNG 가격이 국내 생산 석유 제품들보다 25% 저렴하다고 지적했다.정부의 7년 파일럿 프로그램은 CNG 가격을 디젤의 절반인 P14.52/리터로 보장해 줄 것이다.

싱가포르세계 유가 하락의 결과로 몇 개월 간 사업의 부진을 경험한 후, 최근에는 싱가포르에서 자동차 개조 사업이 활기를 띠기시작했다. 9월까지 총 NGV 차량은 4,289대로, 택시 4250대, 버스 30대, 트럭 9대를 기록하며 8월보다 128대 증가한수치를 보여주고 있다.

싱가포르의 육로 운송 기구에 따르면, 지난해에 비해 개인 승용차가 2,650대로 8.4% 증가한 반면CNG택시는 64%증가했다. 많은 택시가 싱가포르에서 두 번째로 큰 택시 회사이며 세계에서 가장 큰 CNG 충전소를 보유하고 있는 Trans-Cab의 소유이다. 9월까지 46개의 디스펜서와 Galileo’s Microbox까지 가동을 했던 Trans-Cab 충전소는 세계에서 가장큰 CNG 충전소로 기네스 북에 올랐다. 충전소는 개조 공장,세차, 편의점 시설까지 갖추며 각종 서비스를 제공하고 있다.

이곳에 입주한 개조샵은 예전에는 평균 6개월 리트로핏 실적이 겨우 6대였지만 시설을 이 곳으로 옮긴 후에는 첫 번째주에만 4대를 개조 했다고 알려 주었다.

Taxi-Cab은현재 1,000대의 CNG 택시와 2,000대의 일반 택시를 보유하고 있으나 5년 안에 8,000대까지 끌어 올릴계획이다. 지금으로부터 1년 반 안에 최소한 3,000대의 CNG 버스가 추가될 것으로 예상하고 있다. NGV의 운행 비는저렴해서 1 km를 주행하는데 디젤이 SGD 0.11/리터인데 비해 CNG는 SGD 0.07/리터의 비용으로 충분하다.

NGV 사업이 다시 활기를 띠기 시작했다.

November 200910

ＮＧＶ産業が再び上向きになり始める昨年秋に原油価格が大幅に下落し、世界同時不況が発生した。ＮＧＶ関連産業も発展の速度が弱まった。しかし、原油価格が復帰してきて、（９月には１バレル６８米ドルが２００９年下半期には１バレル７０米ドル付近になる）経済への信頼が回復し、ＮＧＶ産業も同様に回復してきている。現在、回復基調はゆっくりと、しかし着実に進んでいる。すべてのステークホルダー、つまり自動車会社、改造会社、充填機器関係、プロジェクト、計画、融資などよくなりつつある。アジアＮＧＶ協会（ＡＮＧＶＡ）の側では、南、東、東南アジアでＮＧＶやＣＮＧを普及させるために１０ヶ国に渡るＡＮＧＶＡグリーンハイウェイ２００９プロジェクトが成功裡に終わった。

中国中国では天然ガススタンド経営者やガス会社がさらなる天然ガススタンド整備を続けている。供給されるガスはＬＮＧからＣＮＧまで、ガス田から炭層メタン（山西省）まで種類がある。バイオメタンも良質な燃料源として検討されている。スタンド経営者では、ChinaProsperous Energy(CHPC)社が河南省でさらに２ヶ所の天然ガススタンドを設置する予定である。

バングラディシュバングラディシュではＣＮＧ三輪車が初めて国内メーカー、国内部品で製造される予定である。工業省傘下のの独立機関であるBangladesh Industrial Technical Assistance Centre (BITAC)は、年間２千台のＣＮＧ三輪車を製造するために予算額２６８万４千タカにのぼる９年間のプロジェクトを提案する準備をしている。このプロジェクトの主な目的は動力のない３輪車をなくし、ＣＮＧ三輪車に置き換えることである。トレーニング、技術的ノウハウ、ローンがＣＮＧ三輪車への交換を希望する３輪車の所有者に用意される予定である。概算によると、ＣＮＧ三輪車は不十分な改造によるＣＮＧ三輪車の３５万タカより安い１台あたり２５万タカになる見込みである。

インドMaruti Suzuki社は、現在のＣＮＧ改造エンジンの出力や効率のロスをなくすためにＣＮＧモードでマルチポイントインジェクション（MPFI）技術を用いたエンジンを開発している。MPFI技術はCNGの燃費改善、新世代のガソリン車のようにハイスピードで良いパフォーマンスの高出力、飛躍的な燃料費削減を実現するだろう。燃料費はガソリン車と比較して７５％削減でき、燃料費の観点では世界で最も安い車になる。

トヨタカローラ・アルティスが２００９年９月に販売された。最新のシークェンシャル・インジェクションシステムとＥＣＵを適切な燃料節減、すばらしいパフォーマンスを実現するために採用している。これは、エンジン出力を変えることなく２０ｋｍ走行領域での効率を向上させている。

国内自動車メーカーであるタタ自動車は、ピックアップトラックのXenon XTのＣＮＧ車にAlternative Fuel Systems (AFS)をエンジン制御に採用している。Xenon XTはタイにあるタタ自動車が製造している。AFSはカナダで試験されており、許可を申請中である。

ヒンドスタン自動車（HM）とパンジャブ国立銀行は、HM Shifeng Winner 1.8CNGミニトラックを購入するために３年間の契約を締結した。CNG Winnerの購入者にファンドが用意される。このトラックはインドで初のＣＮＧによるＬＣＶであり、Bharat Stage4を満足する最も環境に優しい車である。１８００ｃｃ４気筒エンジン、長い走行距離を実現するＣＮＧボンベ２基搭載、大型タイヤでミニハイウェイトラックとして運行も可能である。さらに高い車体で大きな荷物スペースを持っている。

ハイデラバード市では数ヶ月でＣＮＧ車（バス）を導入することが期待されている。

パキスタンパキスタンでは天然ガススタンドビジネスで現在、深刻な問題に直面しているが、政府はＣＮＧバスプロジェクトを進めている。ＣＮＧバスを導入する都市の一つであるカラチでは、年末までに５００台の導入が予定されている。２０１０年までにさらに５００台から１,０００台のＣＮＧバスが導入され、４０ルートで運行される予定である。５年以内にカラチでは４,０００台のＣＮＧバスが運行されることが予定されている。

ラホールでは、パンジャブ政府と中国のNorinco International社が公共交通機関プロジェクトをはじめる計画がある。それとは別にパキスタン第２の年であるラホールで、ある中国企業がＣＮＧバスを導入する契約がなされている。

フィリピンシンガポールの会社の関連であるCallandra社はマニラ首都圏に６ヶ所の天然ガススタンド、バンタンガス州にガス製造プラントを建設するために１億６千万米ドルを投資している。目的はマニラ首都圏と他の人口集中エリアに新たなガス供給網を創設することである。それぞれの天然ガススタンドでは、２０台のＣＮＧバスに同時充填できるようにダブルホースディスペンサー１０台を設置する計画である。

２０１０年半ばまでに２ヶ所のスタンドがオープンし、２,０００台のバスに供給を開始する。２０１２年までに３,５００台、２０１４年までに５,０００台のバスが導入されることを期待している。最終計画が終了した時点では、８千３百万ガロンの軽油が毎年ＣＮＧに置き換わることになる。ガソリンなど油価格よりもＣＮＧ価格は２５％安くなるだろうと考えている。政府の７年計画によると、ＣＮＧ価格は軽油の半額である１リットルあたり１４.５２ペソを保証している。

シンガポール世界的な原油価格下落による数ヶ月の経済停滞の経験後、シンガポールの改造会社は最近回復してきた。９月までにタクシー４,２５０台、バス３０台、トラック９台の合計４,２８９台のＮＧＶが導入され、８月より１２８台増加している。

政府の陸上交通局によると、昨年よりＣＮＧタクシーの数は６４％増加している。一方、ＣＮＧ乗用車は８.４％増加し、２,６５０台である。シンガポール第２のタクシー会社であるTrans-Cab社は１,０００台のタクシーを所有し、世界最大の天然ガススタンドも所有している。このスタンドは４６基のディスペンサー、複数台のGalileo’s Microbox社製圧縮機を持ち、 ９月までにすべてが完成した。その結果、世界最大の天然ガススタンドとしてギネスブックに登録されている。このスタンドには改造工場、洗車機、セブンイレブン、食堂が併設されている。

改造工場では半年に１０台の改造を行っていたが、天然ガススタンドに併設されたことにより最初の１週間で４台の改造を行ったと発表した。

Trans-Cab社では１,０００台のタクシーに加え、さらに２,０００台のタクシーを所有しているが、５年間に８,０００台まで車両を増やす計画である。少なくとも３,０００台のＣＮＧタクシーがこの１年６ヶ月に間に導入される予定である。ＮＧＶの運転コストは低い。ディーゼル車が１ｋｍあたり０.１１シンガポールドルであるのに対し、ＣＮＧは０.０７シンガポールドルである。

La soluzione attualeper un trasporto miglioreToday's solution

for sustainable transportation

12a Conferenza ed Esposizione Mondiale dell’AssociazioneInternazionale dei Veicoli a Gas Naturale - IANGV12th World IANGV Conference and Exhibition

Dal 8 al 10 giugno 2010June 8-10, 2010Nuova Fiera di Roma New Rome FairPadiglioni 9, 10 e area esterna Pavilions 9, 10 and outdoor areaRoma, Italia Rome, Italy

www.ngv2010roma.cominfo@ngv2010roma.com

Un evento diAn event of

Sponsor PrincipaleMain Sponsor

Ospitato da Hosted by

Organizzato da Organized by

November 200912

November 2009 13

November 200914

November 2009 15

November 200916

By Phillipe Heisch, Sales Engineer,Cryostar SAS,Philippe.Heisch@cryostar.com,www.cryostar.com

LCNG and LNG refuelling stations represent a good alternative to CNGrefuelling stations for a number of different reasons. In order to betterunderstand these reasons, the twotypes of stations are presented separately below.

First of all, the LCNG stations are agood option for locations where supplyof LNG is available, either from LNG terminals, small scale pipeline gas, orbiogas liquefaction plants. The mainadvantage of using a LCNG stationcompared to a CNG station is its efficiency that allows a lower operationalcosts. Moreover, LCNG stations can beused to fuel all types of vehicles, fromcars, medium-duty vehicles, buses, andheavy-duty vehicles.

On the other hand, LNG stations is different as they target another part ofmarket, which is mainly dedicated toheavy-duty vehicles or captive fleets. Inthis case, LNG represents an excellentalternative to diesel, as it has a muchhigher density than CNG, and allows -withthe actual OEM motor technologies- toobtain performances similar to dieselengines. There is no doubt that LNG isa really good option for HDVs and offersmore possibility (in terms of vehicle performance, driving range, power, etc)in this vehicle segment.

2009 - The year of increasing demandIn terms of stations, we at Cryostar sawa growing activity during 2009 as a significant number of stations alreadyhas been ordered or started to operate.

As an example, we can talk about thefirst Biogas LCNG station which wasopened around July in Sweden. Thisstation is built adjacent to a public station, and allows people to refuel theirCNG cars with biogas produced innearby biomethane plant.

Cryostar also participated in the construction of the world’s biggest LNGstation at the Port of Long Beach in Los

Angeles. This station is meant to supplyLNG to trucks transporting containersthat run between the ship unloading terminal to a storage area. The stationis now fully operational. With this facility,LNG trucks can be refuelled in a waysimilar to the refuelling process of standard diesel trucks.

Another interesting project is ongoing inAustralia (Tasmania) for the refuelling ofLNG trucks. Indeed, a consortium ofdifferent transportation companies hasdecided to use LNG as a fuel for theirtrucks. To get LNG supply, a liquefaction plant is being constructedto liquefy natural gas from the grid. Thefuel will then be delivered to six remoteLNG stations by an LNG trailer.

The interesting side of this project isthat the complete supply chain isdesigned and installed to supply LNG tothese six refuelling stations. It is a com-plete turnkey approach for supplying alternative fuel to a remote fleet.

Apart from that, there are several othernew projects constructed or awardedlast year, especially in the USA wherewe saw an increasing demand for LNGand LCNG refuelling station. It is clearthat the country policies and regulationshave a major impact on the infrastructure development.

Technical and regulatoryimprovementIn terms of technology improvement,we have been working hard during thepast months in order to develop morereliable, safe, and efficient stations. Most of the work has been dedicated toLNG refuelling stations, for which wecreated a modular concept.

The result is an LNG pump skid thatcan be connected to the storage tankon one side, and on the other side, toseveral dispensers (up to 2 dispensersper pump skid) and its dedicated control system. One of the mostadvanced features of this pump skid

LCNG and LNG refuelling stations: Why and when?

Cryostar’s Modular Reciprocating Pump (MRP) skid consists of cryogenic pistonpump and its accessories mounted on a single frame.

At the back is the “Line and Buffer Control Panel” which integrates all requiredequipment for the line pressure and temperature control, as well as the odoriseinjection point and the buffer storage connection.

November 2009 17

developed by Cryostar is the capabilityto recover all vent gases from the station.

We also developed our own LNG dispenser which has been designedmainly to make LNG refuelling processas easy as gasoline or diesel refuelling.Therefore, we put a large amount ofeffort to design a retail dispenser capable to inject both saturated andcold fuel with highest accuracy to fuel measurement by using a “coriolis” flowmetering system. The refuelling posthas also been studied to improve theergonomics of the refuelling operation. From a regulatory point of view, twomain goals have been achieved.

The first goal was to understand all different regulations for LNG and LCNGstations for Europe in order to get abetter picture of what is required. We then had to define a typical“approval scheme” that can be used inmost cases, to get the requiredapprovals for such type of stations.

The second goal is related to the legalmetrology aspects, especially concerning LNG dispenser. Indeed, wehad to study the different weights andmeasures regulations such as MID(Europe), NTEP (USA), and NMI(Australia), and understand them andmainly focused on the details and specifications related to LNG.

This work allowed us to adapt our dispenser design to the differentweights and measures regulations inorder to be able to offer our customer adispenser ready for custody transfer.

ConclusionGlobally, 2009 was an important yearconcerning LNG and LCNG refuellingstations segment. Following the marketdemands and working in close relationship with our customers hasallowed us to adapt and improve ourdesigns and offer the best possible output from our equipments.

Finally, there is no doubt that 2009 sawa popularisation of LNG as vehicle fuel.

Indeed, people are now more and more aware of this technology, andbeginning to realize its benefits.

Let us see whether 2010 will be anexcellent year, given that theLNG/LCNG sector now has the rightpath as a starting point.

November 200918

By Jeffrey Seisler, CEO Clean FuelsConsulting, jseisler@cleanfuelsconsulting.org, www.cleanfuelsconsulting.org

New activity and ambitious plans toconvert heavy duty diesel trucks in theAsia-Pacific region will benefit fromincreased shipments and trade of LNGcoming from various parts of the world.Many of these developments areintended to improve the economics ofheavy vehicle and bus transportation,as well as reduce pollution.

While the LNG market is moving, thereare many issues that will need to beresolved as the vehicle technology andmarkets approach more maturity.

Competition for LNG suppliesChina LNG deal with AustraliaThe Australian government announcedthat the U.S. energy giant ExxonMobilCorporation signed a 20 year agreement to sell liquefied natural gasfrom its share of an LNG project inAustralia to PetroChina in a deal worthabout AUD50 billion (USD41.29 billion).The agreement, announced in August2009, is Australia's largest ever tradedeal with China, the fastest growingmajor economy in the world. Two-waytrade between the two countries in2008 was worth USD53 billion.

More Australian gas moving northChevron has sealed an estimatedAUD70 billion (USD60 billion) deal worthof gas sales with three North Asian buyers for its massive Gorgon project inAustralia. The Gorgon project, with afirst phase development budget ofAUD43-billion (USD37) is awaiting finalapproval from Chevron and its partners,is expected to be given the go aheadby the middle of October 2009.

The U.S. oil major sees several mainAsian beneficiaries for the LNG supplies, including: Osaka Gas, whichwould receive 1.375 million tonnes perannum (mtpa) of LNG over 25 years;Tokyo Gas, to get 1.1 million tonnes;and GS Caltex in South Korea, whichwould buy 0.5 million tonnes for up to20 years. Chevron would have an addi-tional 3 mtpa of LNG from the Gorgonfacility that would be looking for cus-tomers. China and Kogas in Korea are

likely candidates to receive the LNG, according to some industry sources.

Qatar LNG serves the worldQatar, with one of the largest gas fieldsin the world, supplies Japan, India, andChina, among others, with liquefied natural gas. They also operate thelargest LNG terminal in Europe, atSouth Hook on the Welsh coast, whichprovides about one fifth of Britain’s gas.

LNG trucks on the moveLNG truck ambition in KoreaKevin Park, President of Natural GasVehicles International in South Korea isvery supportive and optimistic about thefuture of LNG in Korea. “We are advocating that 75,000 OEM LNGheavy duty trucks be on the Koreanroads by 2020, the same way as Koreadid for CNG buses. There are now23,000 CNG buses in 40 cities in SouthKorea. Since Korea imports more than25 million tonnes of LNG every year, wecan use it ‘as is’ to fuel LNG trucks.The total potential for heavy duty CNGand LNG trucks will be 100,000 by2020.”

LNG buses in China grow with new fuel suppliesBusiness entities in the eastern provinceof Fujian, China have agreed to convertnearly 2000 diesel buses to LNG and

provide 30 fuelling stations supplying133,000 tonnes of LNG to support thevehicle conversion plan. FujianInvestment and Development Groupreportedly will buy 2.6 million tonnes ofLNG annually from Indonesia for 25years starting in 2009. LNG will bedelivered through its network of stationsthat will fuel buses owned by FujanExpressway LLC. The plan alsoinvolves the conversion of more than100 boats that carry sand, coal andcement along the coast of Fujianprovince.

LNG seaports on the agenda in AsiaIt is the container terminal operatorsthat have taken the lead in port cleanupefforts. A review of port cleanup effortsin Asia by James S. Cannon of EnergyFutures —including field research inSingapore, Hong Kong and Shanghai—found a number of container port programs involving the use of alternativefuels and advanced propulsion technologies for heavy duty trucks serving those facilities.

LNG marine applications also will beexpanding as more engine technologybecomes available. In California, USA, aClean Air Action Plan now in place forthe ports of Los Angeles and LongBeach sets out an aggressive programto replace approximately 5,300 on-road

LNG mobility heating up in Asia Pacific Region

November 2009 19

diesel trucks at the two ports with LNGtrucks by 2011.

Can the markets and LNGtechnologies handle rapidgrowth?While the LNG technology is well developed there are, nevertheless, critical issues that need to be dealt withacross the industry. So far, there are nouniversal standards for things likefuelling connectors and fuel tanks.There are two committees within theInternational Standards Organizationnow working on these standards, butcompletion of the standards is not, atthis time, in sight. Maintaining stablefuel quality from the liquefaction site,travelling across thousands of kilometresto storage and gasification sites, and intofuelling stations for L-NGV applicationsremains a challenge.

Can biogas liquefied near the point-of-use provide a renewable energy advantage for the sector? Willthe market for seaports – ships as wellas the heavy trucks serving ports –begin to flourish for economic and environmental reasons? The large fleetmarket for heavy duty vehicles appearsto be the primary market, however, isLNG and liquefied-to-compressed natural gas (L-CNG) ready for mainstream consumer markets?

LNG is HOTThe strong growth of LNG as a vehiclefuel is raising many new issues withinthe NGV community. LNG is HOT:Opportunities, Challenges & Strategiesas a Vehicle Fuel is the second in theseries of Clean Fuels Consulting Critical

Issues Workshops being held inBrussels, Belgium on 3-4 December2009, provides an opportunity to identify and explore the most importantstrategies, technologies and marketingissues for L-NGVs and renewable liquefied biogas.

Leading international industry expertswill address a knowledgeable audienceof LNG and LBG stakeholders who,together, will discuss: LNG marketsand experiences in Europe, Asia-Pacificand North America; L-NGV technology– retrofit systems and factory-built products; technologies and strategiesfor LNG fuelling, including L-CNG; andLBG production.

The development and harmonization ofL-NGV standards, codes and regulations will receive focusedattention as a key building block to the industry achieving worldwide sustainability.

The goal, after two, half days of presentations and discussion is to leavewith a firm idea of the key issues facingthe industry and what next steps andstrategies are required to advance thesustainable growth for LNG and LBG inover-the-road and non-road vehicletransportation and fuelling technologies.

Visit www.LNGisHOT.com for moredetails

Approved: 4,000 CNG bus lease project

Finally, the long-awaited permissionfor a massive CNG bus procurementproject in Thailand is officially granted.Near end September, the ThaiCabinet approved the TransportMinistry's proposal of 4,000 CNGbuses lease.The National Economic and SocialDevelopment Board inform that the lease contains fewer financialrisks than if the buses would bepurchased.Fourteen CNG refuelling stationsare expected to be built to facilitatethese buses and other NGVs.

November 200920

The first Russian turbo gas locomotive

By Sergey. V. Troitsky, Editor ofInternational Section, “AutoGasFillingComplex + Alternative Fuels”Journal

Russia has the longest electrified railways in the world stretching along44,500 kilometers. Though the electrified railways provide 84% of allcargo turnover, yet their length is onlyabout one half of the total length ofRussian railways. Most of these nonelectrified railways are in the very distantregions of Russian Far East andRussian North. Therefore the task ofreplacing very expensive diesel fuel witha less expensive alternative fuelbecomes very important in the vastSiberian spaces. It is important fromboth points of view - economic andsocio-political.

Distant Russian regions should have afine access to the heartland of Russiaor, at least, as good as their access tothe neighboring foreign countries. Theimportance of the development andpilot demonstration project of a highpower locomotive with LNG turbo gasengine cannot be underestimated. Recently, the Russian R&D Institute“VNIKTI” has presented its new invention to the Russian RailwaysCompany– an LNG turbo gas locomotive “GT-1” with engine power of8,000 kilowatts- which can pull trainswith cargo weight from 8,000 to 12,000tones. It has LNG onboard storage tankthat allows the locomotive to cover1,000 km distance without refueling.The engine with efficiency of about

40-45% (higher than the 20th centurylocal gas turbo locomotive that has18% efficiency working on heavy fuel)can work on LNG in highly variable pullmodes, with life cycle no less than100,000 hours (before it requires majorrepairs).

The inventors encountered a number ofimportant challenges. The 8,000 kilowatts engine can not be convertedto gas fuel as easily as a car engine.Great power means great heat load onvalves and other parts of the engine.And the task of increasing the efficiencyleads to the necessity of having heatregeneration to a degree no less than90%. Due to a limited space in a locomotive body (22,5 meters longpulling section and 22,5 meters longbooster, or-fuel storage section) , pipesregeneration is impossible. Only specially made lamellar regenerators(which currently are not manufactured

by the local industry) can do the job.The problem of LNG re-gasification andof gas supply to the engine was solvedusing the technique as in a Russian liquid hydrogen and LNG fuelled aircraft- the heat exchanger is installed in theexhaust nozzle of the gas turbine.

Another problem to be solved is working out of algorithms for the systems of the regulation which provideproper interaction of gas turbo enginework, a fuel supply system and theelectric drive.Despite other problems yet to besolved, the first Russian turbo gas locomotive is quite operational and intotal it made seven trial trips at a distance of several hundred kilometers,with weight load from 2,300 to 15,000tones. These trips have shown that theexpenses on LNG fuel for the locomotive in comparison with thediesel one have been reduced by 30 %.Complete text can be found at:http://rus-gas.narod.ru/index-replace-04-09.html

About the author: Sergey V. Troitsky, graduated with honors from the elitist Russian Institute -University of International Relations. Hewas on diplomatic service in India,worked in Russian Academy ofSciences. In 2007 ran for a seat inRussian Parliament – The State Duma.Currently is the Deputy Editor-in-Chieffor International and Public Relations inInternational Scientific-cum-TechnicalRussian language Journal “AutoGasFilling Complex+Alternative Fuel”.

Sergey. V. Troitsky

November 2009 21

November 200922

The wide use of LNG on a railwaytransportation as a multiple-purposemotor fuel, demands solving off somespecific problems connected with manufacture, storage and transportation of boiling cryogenic liquids at normal temperatures.Cryogenic liquids normally boil at lowtemperature. But the major challenge isthe creation of an effective mode ofindustrial liquefying of natural gas aspresently, there are liquefying stationswith low production capacity in Russia,delivering only several tones per hour.This creates significant difficulties forrefueling gas turbo locomotives.

One of the most important challengesthat should be solved before using LNGin a gas turbo engine is the transformation of liquefied gas to agaseous phase before pumping it intocombustion chambers of a gas turbolocomotive. One of the most commonmodes is by heating up liquefied gas ina water heat exchanger where thewater is heated up by electric thermorods or by hot exhaust gases.

This scheme is difficult enough, as intermediate heat-carrier becomes necessary and it creates a problemwith the first start, especially during verycold Russian winter time. The most simple is the scheme where

liquefied gas turns to a gaseous state inthe heat exchanger installed in anexhaust nozzle of the turbine. Thisscheme has been developed andapplied for the first time by the JointStock Open Society (SNTK named afterN.D.Kuznetsov) on NK-88 gas turboengine installed in a pilot aircraft TU-155. Liquefied Hydrogen and LNGwas used as turbine fuel. In total, ТU-155 has performed about 100 testflights on liquid hydrogen and LNG. Ithad been proved that aircraft gas turboengine can work on cryogenic fuel.While working on this engine, theexperimental basis for testing of thecryogenic equipment was created, aswell as a unique team of highly skilledexperts in the field of cryogenic aircraft.During the design of the gas turbo locomotive, working on liquefied naturalgas, it is necessary to solve a numberof difficult scientific and technicalissues:• Creation of gas turbo engine, workingon LNG;

• Development and construction of highrotation (6,000 rpm) power generators,microprocessor control and diagnosticsystems;

• Development of regulation systemsalgorithms that allows a proper interaction of gas turbo engine

performance, a fuel supply system andthe electric drive;• Development of locomotive onboardsystems of storage, supply and re-gasification of liquefied gas;

• Creation of a flexible line for cryogenicfuel supply from one section to another( from a booster section to a tractionsection)

• Creation of oil supply systems forbearing of gas turbo engine and generators with oil cooling by cryogenicfuel;

• System engineering for fire and explosion safety;

• System engineering of ecological protection and safety;

• System engineering of cooling forpower electric machinery.As these problems will demand manyyears of research and development andconsiderable financing for speeding upthe achievement of the primary goal -using LNG for autonomous locomotives- it was necessary to findready-made units and aggregates. VL15 model – one of the most powerfulRussian electric locomotives was chosen as the best platform for a turbogas locomotive. With this platform, it is

The design process of theturbo gas locomotive GT-1

Layout Turbo Gas GT-1

November 2009 23

possible to solve this problem withintwo years.

Few important steps wereoutlined below.1. It was decided that a body and arunning gear of electric locomotiveVL15 should be used. At present, it isone of the most powerful cargo mainelectric locomotives, with the length ofeach section with automatic couplersup to 22,5 m that allows the engineersto place all necessary equipment in it.

2. The technical and economic calculations have shown that at the firststage it is expedient to install a gasturbo engine NK-361 in the first gasturbo locomotive. Such turbo enginewas created on the basis of engine NK-36 of the Open Joint Stock Society" SNTK named after N.D.Kuznetsov"

3. Other aggregates were to bedesigned and to be built anew. It wasnecessary to do the followings activities.• To develop a cryogenic block and afuel system. Open Joint Stock Society"UralCryoMach" (Nizhniy Tagil) was invit-ed to do this as its specialists had wideexperiences in working out such sys-tems for rocket installations;

• Open Joint Stock Society "Drive gear"(Lysva City) was entrusted with creationof traction and auxiliary generators. The experts of the Society had anexperience in developing and constructing generators for gas turboinstallations;

• The Open Joint Stock Society "VNIK-TI” worked on the development ofmicroprocessor control systems anddiagnostics of traction drive and theauxiliary equipment, all power electricitytransmission, including traction rectifiersand auxiliary converters, systems ofcooling of traction electric machinesand the general installation scheme ofaggregate units for the gas turbo loco-motive.

4. Installation and manufacturing ofsome locomotive body parts wasentrusted to Voronezh City diesel locomotive repair plant - a subsidiary ofOpen Joint Stock Society "RussianRailway".The pre-production model of gas turbolocomotive (see picture) consists of twosections. One is used as the basic traction section with the power block, inwhich structure a gas turbo engine

NK-361 is installed along with maintraction and auxiliary generators. The other section is used as a boostersection with cryogenic vessel, the auxiliary diesel engine-generator to startup the Locomotive main turbo gasengine. Each section has one cabin ofsteering and all leading (12) axis.The gas turbo engine ( GTE) has twoshafts with the free traction turbine, astarting engine operation is carried outby an electric starter taking electricalpower from the auxiliary diesel engine-generator.

Oil systems GTE and generators areseparate different grades of oil areapplied in them. Oil cooling is made inheat recycling devices by cryogenic fuel.The cryogenic storage vessel isinstalled in the booster section of GTEand is intended for reception, storageand delivery LNG to cryogenic pumps,then to a gasification unit and further toGTE’s spray jets. The communicationsystem of the cryogenic block is adapted for technological operations toconnect stationary ( at a railway station )LNG refueling dispensing facility withthe traction section of GTE. All fuellingfacility between the locomotive sectionand the booster section and, during therefueling, between the locomotive andan LNG refueling dispensing stationaryfacility are connected among themselves by means of flexible cryogenic pipelines.

The system of communications consistsof manual cut off and safety equipment,regulated valves, cryogenic and gaspipe ducts.

While manufacturing the GTE (indexedas NK-361) a number of aggregateunites were tested, including combustion chamber that enable thestart up with cold gas.

Seven trail trips has been made withweight load from 2,300 to 15,000tones resulting in 30 % fuel savingscompared as if diesel was used to fuelthe locomotive.

Presently, gas turbo locomotive is further developed at VNIKTI, aiming atcryogenic fuel system modernization.Once this process is completed andnew trial trips are completed, this gasturbo locomotive will be sent for pre-production at the Sverdlovskregional railway. A refueling LNG stationis currently constructed in Yekaterinburg( the centre of Sverdlovsk Region) torefuel several turbo gas locomotives onthis route. The vehicles mainly will beoperated in the vast distance betweenthe Urals and the Russian Far East, viaWestern and Eastern Siberia.

This article is taken from a reportauthored by:• Kossov V. S., Professor, Doctor oftechnical sciences, General director ofOpen Joint Stock Society "VNIKTI"• Rudenko V. F., Candidate of technicalsciences, General director of OpenJoint Stock Society "VNIKTI"• Nesterov E. I., Candidate of technicalsciences, Deputy of Chief Constructorof Open Joint Stock Society "VNIKTI"

Full version of the article is available at:http://rus-gas.narod.ru or http://agzk-at.ru

November 200924

CNG is a popular& environmentfriendly vehicularfuel over theglobe.Bangladesh wasintroduced toCNG through apilot project tostudy the feasibility of usingCNG in vehicles in 1981-1982. Thatproject was successfully completed.But it took around 20 years to makeCNG popular here. Use of CNG savesvaluable foreign currency of Bangladeshemployed for importing petroleum. It also increases the air quality of urbanarea. So, Government policy emphasized the expansion of CNG useall over the country.

The result in figures is as follows:• More than 50,530 NGVs in 2006,which became 180,000 units in 2009• 129 CNG refuelling stations in 2006,425 units in total in June 2009;• Energy security and greenhouse gaspolicies become more and more important;• NGVs directly contribute to the protection of foreign reserve funds ofBangladesh;•Growth rate of CNG conversion ismore than 11% – from 11,700 in 2002to 50,500 in 2005. At present, thegrowth rate is 8%. Already Tk.2000 crore (USD 285 million)have been invested in this sector by theBangladeshi.

CNG is “known as a fuel with lower airpollutant emissions compared to dieseland gasoline. Additionally, it is cheaperthan those petroleum fuels. Theincreasing cost of imported petroleumplus a rising concern for the environment made CNG a strongerchoice in the early 2000’s.

At this time, CNG began to succeed inBangladesh due to an urgent need fora cleaner environment plus the availability of millions of dollars in loansfrom international agencies to encourage a long-term program related to this industry.

Impact on air qualityDhaka has a significant level of air pollution as it has a high content of particulate matter. In 2001, two-strokethree-wheeler baby taxis were identifiedas one of the major causes of air pollution by the different agencies. Itwas found that major portion ofHydrocarbon, Volatile Organic compound, Carbon monoxide andParticulate Matters were emitted bythese vehicles due to the use of excessive quantities of low quality lubeoil. The Ministry of Communications,Government of Bangladesh, decided toban two-stroke baby taxies from 1stDecember 2002. All three-wheelersmust be powered by cleaner-burningfour-stroke or CNG-fuelled enginessince that time. A new fleet of CNGthree-wheelers was introduced inJanuary 2003.

When this happened, “there was a 30%to 40% drop in particulate pollution inDhaka,” says the World Bank’s Mr.Akbar. In addition, an estimated USD25 M in health costs were avoided eachyear by the cleaner environment, saysQuamrul Islam Chowdhury, chairman ofForum of Environmental Journalists ofBangladesh.

The name CNG has become synonymous with the auto-rickshaws,which are painted green and referred tosimply as NGVs. Numbers and types of NGVsBy March 2006, 50,530 various types

of gasoline and diesel-powered vehicleswere converted to CNG, -Cars/Jeeps/Microbuses/Three-WheelerAuto Rickshaws/Taxi Cabs & Buses.Conversions of diesel-to-CNG andgasoline-to-CNG also take placethough conversion from diesel-to-CNGis very expensive for vehicle owners.

On average, the cost of conversion pervehicle at that time was USD 583.Nowadays, the average conversion costof car and other vehicles ranges fromUSD 853 to USD 1300. But diesel typetrucks, trailers conversion into CNG ismore expensive as it costs around USD2500.

Tax regulationThe Government of Bangladesh hasexempted imported cylinders and conversion kits from all types of dutiesto reduce the cost of conversion.

Saving of foreign currencyThe government is importing crude andrefined fuel from Middle East, Singaporeand India, using one quarter of thecountry’s yearly national budget. Naturalgas vehicles are saving foreign currency,USD 53.6 million per year in 2006. In2008, the saving increased to USD142.85 million. NGVs directly contributeto the protection of foreign reservefunds of Bangladesh.

Benefits to operators of refuelling stationsAnother beneficiary of the CNG

Historical development of CNG businessin Bangladesh

Riyadh Ali

November 2009 25

program will be the CNG filling stationoperators because the demand forCNG in transport sector has increasedduring 2003-2008. Initially, the profitmight not have been significantbecause of low gas pressure leading tosub optimal sale proceeds at the end ofthe day. However, their income significantly increased due to a programme that was introduced toensure a regular supply of gas with optimum pressure.

Health Benefits due toReduced PollutionAuthor estimated health benefits fromuse of CNG as transport fuel in Dhakaon the basis of reported cases of deathand sickness due to air pollution inmajor cities of Bangladesh.Proportionate share of Dhaka in reported cases of death and sicknesswas taken on the basis of proportionateshare of Dhaka in the total population ofmajor cities of the country and thus,economic benefits associated withreduced health problems due to use ofCNG was estimated for the city. Thebenefits in terms of savings in cost ofhealth impact due to air pollution wasestimated under three heads, such asloss of human capital – deaths due toair pollution, loss of work person dayson account of sickness due to air pollution and expenditure on treatment.

The estimated cost of health problemdue to air pollution in Dhaka comes toabout Tk 25,000 million per year (2006estimation). In other words, Tk 25,000million as health benefits could occur tothe economy, if air pollution level inDhaka is reduced to match standardsenforced in developed countries.

PossibilitiesThe government has allocated muchimportant road side commercial landrequired for the implementation of CNGrefuelling stations on a lease basis at areduced rate. Specific locations areDhaka, Narayanganj, Manikganj,Moulvibazar, Feni, Dhaka-Sylhet highway and Chittagong. Also railwayplots are allocated in Dhaka andChittagong.

The Government support for CNG station industry consists of : • free of charge registration and enlisting; • assistance and cooperation to obtainbank loans; • supply of necessary information; • training for manpower engaged in the

pathfinder in the CNG sector inBangladesh. He manages, operatesand handles CNG refuelling stationbusiness efficiently. Due to his outstanding efforts in this sector, at present, he became the Vice Presidentof ”Bangladesh CNG Filling Station &Conversion Workshop OwnersAssociation”. Seeing the needs andopportunities in transport sector, we,the Intraco Group, have diversified ourbusiness strategies into CNG sectorsfew years ago.

Nowadays, Intraco owns the largestCNG-related business in this nation.This firm is running the largest networkof CNG stations in Bangladesh. Thefirm set up more than 30 CNG facilitiesand sold 14 pieces of equipment forrefuelling stations to private owners

Last November 2008, he successfullyorganised the first South AsianInternational CNG Exhibition in thiscountry. The people of Bangladesh willremember him for long time with honour. He is now the Director of Italy-Bangladesh Chamber ofCommerce & Industries (IBCC&I),Director of Korea-Bangladesh Chamberof Commerce & Industries (KBCC&I)and member of Canada-BangladeshChamber of Commerce & Industry(CBCC&I).

By: Nazir U. Ahmed, SpecialAssignment Manager to MD, IntracoGroup, Bangladesh

running of the station; • assistance in site selection and takinglease of government land; • quick gas, water and electricity connections at CNG stations ; • duty free import of CNG equipmentand kits;• The government is planning to givemore incentives to CNG refuelling &conversion owners.

Although CNG equipment suppliers arelimited in the world, all known suppliersare active in this market and most ofthem have already secured a position.All are competing with low price equipment either stripped to minimum,questionable configurations, refurbishedequipment, subsidized installations orassembled in low cost countries. As anexample, one of the biggest stationsoperators in Bangladesh, Intraco Group,entered this business few years ago.

Intraco, the private pathfinder Md. Riyadh Ali, a well educated personwho has completed his academiccareer with discipline of Master’s ofBusiness Administration (MBA) in CornelUniversity of U.S.A., is the owner ofIntraco Group. He also did his B.B.A.course in Oxford University in England.

A few years ago, he created a revolutionary action by establishing thefirst CNG conversion workshop inBangladesh, and later set up manymore CNG conversion centres and refuelling stations. He is known as the

November 200926

The CNG Refueling Business in the United Arab Emiratesbegan in 2005 with the establishment of its first public CNGrefueling station in Abu Dhabi City.

The station was constructed by ADNOC Distribution (AbuDhabi National Oil Company) on an existing ADNOCDistribution’s gasoline station forecourt. Along with this refueling station, the first internationally accredited NGV conversion centre was also set up in Abu Dhabi byCompressed Gas Technology, a local company offering specialized services to the CNG/LPG industry in the region.

The second dedicated CNG Refueling Station was established in Sharjah by SEWA (Sharjah Electricity & WaterAuthority), the local electricity, gas and water utility companyin the Emirate of Sharjah, Principally for their own fleet ofvehicles that SEWA converted in its own workshops.

Currently there are around 350 vehicles that are operating onCNG in the UAE which include locally converted vehicles aswell as OEM ones.

In 2007, ADNOC Distribution embarked on an ambitious planto establish 16 CNG Refueling Stations throughout theEmirates and work on this project began in 2008 and isexpected to be completed by end 2009. Of these 16 CNGstations, 9 are located in Abu Dhabi, 2 in Al Ain and 5 inSharjah.

With these 16 CNG Stations nearing completion, ADNOCDistribution is planning to convert approximately 300 vehicles before theend of 2009.

By Fazal Ali Khan, ANGVA Vice President, BusinessDevelopment Manager LMF Middle East.

CNG refueling business in the UAE

www.hwa-young.co.kr

Hwaa Youngg Co.,Ltd.#1063-14, Eu-Bang Dong, Kim-Hae City, Kyung-Nam Do, S.KOREATel: +82-55-322-2201 Fax : +82-55-322-2208www.hwa-young.co.kr,, info@hwa-young.com

• High-Low Pressure Regulators• CNG Fuel Filter

Alternative Fuel System’s Components

November 2009 27

November 200928

By Punnachai Footrakul, VicePresident – NGV MarketingDepartment, PTT PLC

The ANGVA Green Highways 2009torch and flag relay began its longawaited journey from Indonesia –Singapore – Malaysia – Thailand –Vietnam – China to South Korea. PTTPublic Company Limited (PTT) hasstarted up ANGVA Green Highways2009 Project in Thailand during 14-18September 2009 under the slogan of“Clean Energy for Green Life”.

The caravan started off to receive thetorch and flag from Malaysia at Sadaoborder, the southern part of Thailand,and travelled to Bangkok on September14, 2009. Then, the Press Conference on ANGVAGreen Highways 2009 at PTT HeadOffice, Bangkok, was organized by PTT on September 16,2009, which was partially sponsored byOEM companies including Tata Motors,Toyota Motor and Sammitr GreenPower to transport NGV caravans totaling 13 cars (from PTT, OEM companies and local NGV certified conversion workshops) to head towardsThailand-Laos Friendship Bridge Border,Nongkai province, crossing to Vientiane,Laos. Sixteen motor reporters and journalists were also invited to join NGVcaravans for test driving and NGVsdemonstration.

Finally, PTT’s flag-off NGV caravans (3NGVs) departed from Vientiane, Laos toCau Treo border, Vietnam. WelcomeCeremony and ANGVA Green Highways2009 Torch and Flag HandoverCeremony to Vietnam was held byVietnamese Team on September 18,2009.

The success of ANGVA GreenHighways 2009 has been acknowledged in Thailand with theexpected outcome as follows:

1. To illustrate the cooperation amongthe countries of ANGVA members andto emphasize that NGV can be widelyused throughout all regions, symbolizedby torch and flag relay towards SouthKorea;

2. To create awareness and boostconfidence in NGVs in Thailand in terms of:

• Convenience: 347 CNG refueling facilities (stations) covering all mainroutes of Thailand by 1 October 2009;• Economic & Clean: Affordable fuelprice, high fuel savings comparingwhen using gasoline & diesel in vehicles. CNG is also eco-friendly;

As the proof of economic benefit ofusing NGVs, 74% fuel saving was experienced by the Thai NGV caravanas they moved out from Sadao Border,the southern part of Thailand, toBangkok and from Bangkok to NongkaiProvince. In this journey, covering atotal distance of 1,580 kilometers, NGcars drivers paid only THB 840 (THB0.53 per km). If the same mileage willbe covered using gasoline 95 as vehicle

The success of AGHP2009 in Thailand

fuel, then the fuel cost would be muchhigher at THB 3,270 (THB 2.07 per km).

In Thailand, CNG is fixed at 8.5 THB/kgfor another year, while per litre premiumgasoline currently costs 29.94 THB,regular gasoline 27.64 THB, and diesel25.79 THB.

• Safety: NGV Equipments are in compliant with International Standards;

The activities to promote CNG as vehicular fuel continues after the completion of this AGHP09. PTT, thestate gas distributor will work hardtowards the achievement of their 2012targets to have 220,375 NGVs and 595CNG refueling stations all over Thailand.

Images from AGHP2009 Thailand team, with the author, Mr Punnachai Footrakul, on the left-bottom

November 2009 29

AGHP 2009, the Malaysia teamThe Malaysia AGHP 2009 convoy werestarted on September 9th, after receiving the torch and flag from theSingapore team at the Petronas JohorBaru CNG station. Five OEM and converted NGVs were demonstratedduring the project, of which, during theconvoy from Johor Baru station toKuala Lumpur, the NGVs stopped attwo other stations for refuelling, and attwo vehicle conversion workshops anda local OEM NGV manufacturer, NazaAutomotive Manufacturing. TheMalaysian convoy was completed whenthe team enter Sadao border and hand-ed over the torch and flag to theThailand team.

The results of this project inMalaysia include:Creating awareness on the capabilityand safety of NGVs;Technology showcase on NGV conversion workshop’s capability;Understanding the gaps and challenges(through experiences gained during thejourney) in the NGV segment, i.e. lackof infrastructure.

November 200930

VN Ventures, a trade promotion &investment Co., and its partner PSCChave successfully launched ANGVAGreen Highways 2009 Project (AGHP09)of Vietnam from 16-20 September, withmain sponsor from PV GAS.Two days prior to the “Torch and FlagHandover” event at Laos- Vietnam border, a press release conference washeld in Ho Chi Minh (HCM) City withnearly 100 attendants joining the event.One CNG bus and two CNG convertedcars were demonstrated. At the same day, varoius newspaperspublishers and mass media like TV andradios broadcasted news about theAGHP09.

Right after the press release, those twoCNG cars drove to the border. OnSeptember 18th, a formal HandoverCeremony was held at Laos- Vietnamborder, the Cau Treo border gate in thecentral province of Ha Tinh. The Thaiteam together with many reporterscrossed the border and enteredVietnam territory to attend theCeremony.

Led by a police car (with siren), Thaiand Vietnam teams marched togetherabout 25 km inside the Vietnam territory. On the 19th, Vietnam teamarrived in Hanoi Capital. Led by four siren motor bikes, this teammarched around main roads in Hanoi.The story was covered by various massmedia. On the 20th, at Melia Hotel, thepress release conference and Flag andTorch Handover Ceremony was heldand attended by ANGVA ExecutiveDirector Lee Giok Seng, Vice GeneralDirector of Petrol Vietnam, Vice- Director of Hanoi TransportDepartment, and many others. After

travelling through urban centres toHanoi, the Vietnam convoy ended itsjourney in on September 21st at theHuu Nghi border gate, in the northern province of Lang Son.The Vietnam team would like to thank

for the great support from ANGVA, Thaiteam, China Team and sponsors whomade the events in Vietnam successful.Few examples of links from press:http://english.vovnews.vn/Home/Green-Highways-2009-relay-arrives-in-Vietnam/20099/108010.vov

http://www.vfej.vn/en/detail/18334/%E2%80%9CGreen-Highways-2009%E2%80%9D-relay-to-come-to-Vietnam/

http://clip.vn/watch/Dan-tem-cho-cac-thiet-bi-tiet-kiem-dien-trong-chien-dich-tiet-kiem-nang-luong,ekc (it might takefew minutes to download this clips).

By Phuong Pham, VN ventures,Vietnam19B Le Thi Rieng Ben Thanh Ward,District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Tel +84 8 9256550, fax. +84 9250573

AGHP09 Vietnam

November 2009 31

AGHP 2009, the Pakistan teamImages from ANGVA Green Highways 2009 Projects, Pakistan. The project was endorsed and participated by important government officials and private institutions, including the Federal Ministerfor Privatisation, the Federal Minister for Petroleum and Natural Resources, Oil and Gas RegulatoryAuthority (OGRA), Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) and many others.

November 200932

The issue in the CNG fuelling sector isbeing addressed by the All PakistanCNG Association. To protect the business from sinking,the association appealed to the government to withdraw advance taxon electricity and gas bills.

The power bills which are considered ashigh cost by CNG stations owners helpto increase retail price of CNG. As aresult, CNG now costs Rs50/kg (inIslamabad) while gasoline costsRs65/litre. The 23% price gap betweenthe two fuels does not provide enoughmotivation/incentives for petroleumvehicles users to switch to NGVs andfor bi-fuel cars to choose CNG insteadof gasoline to fuel their vehicles.

The chairman of All Pakistan CNGAssociation, Ghayas Paracha, indicatedthat in the North-West Frontier Provincealone (the smallest province in Pakistan),over 400 of the 544 CNG stations mightbe closed if the authority did not takeremedial steps in this regard.With winter approaches, the concern

of gas supply for transport sector isincreasing.During this season, the government prioritise gas supply for domestic use,causing drop in gas pressure and supply to CNG stations. Nevertheless, to this day, Pakistan still

holds the largest number of NGV fleetand CNG for vehicle refuelling networkin the world. With almost 3,000 CNGstations across Pakistan, this countryhas over 1,000 stations more thanArgentina, the world’s second largestcountry in the NGV industry.

Challenges in fuelling sector in Pakistan

November 2009 33

Following the previous announcementmade by Mercedes-Benz (MB) aboutthe introduction of its OEM NGV inIndia, Mercedes Benz India declaredthat they are ready to supply the CNGversion of its E-Class sedan to customers based on demand.The imported car will have 104% dutythat could double the selling cost of thisCNG version compared to its gasolineversion sold at Rs 4.589 M (price of ex-showroom in Mumbai). The car willbe offered in Delhi and Mumbai as thosecities have the largest CNG refuellingfacilities compared to other areas.

The company is considering to carryout a local assembly of this CNG version should there be sufficientdemand, said Dr Wilfried Aulbur,Managing Director of MB India. The firm has conducted a trial run of theCNG-E Class in this country. Themileage of the car is estimated to be 18km per kg CNG. MB’s B170 NGT and the E 200 CNGluxury sedans have been successfullyintroduced in the US and Europe.

Already in May 2008, the firm indicatedits intention to bring its globally-successful CNG sedans toIndia. In August this year, the companydecided not to bring its NGVs to India,as it does not want its customers towait in long queues at CNG stations.Yet, good news soon followed as byOctober the company signalled itsreadiness to introduce the E 200 CNG.India has set a massive plan to increaseits gas distribution network to 250cities. The gas will be used both indomestic and transport sector.

From the CNG variant segment (brandnew car with CNG kit installation delivered by the car manufacturer/dealer), recently, Maruti Suzuki launchedtheir Alto variant in Delhi and Gujaratwith BRC CNG kits supplied by ROHANBRC Ahmedabad.

Potential OEM NGVs for India

S E R V I C E E X P E R I E N C E I N N O V A T I O N T E C H N O L O G Y

RAIL S.p.A.Via A. Grandi , 10 - 42030 Vezzano sul Crostolo (RE) Italy - P.IVA e C.F. 02207560356

tel +39 0522 603801 - fax +39 0522 602145 - www.railspa.net - info@railspa.net

RAIL gets the world moving

while helping the environment

in jectorsinjectorss

November 200934

On September 16, 2009, OmnitekPeru made history by driving a naturalgas powered heavy-duty commercialtruck to a record altitude of 4,814

meters (15,800 feet) over the Ticlio Pass high in the PeruvianAndes, the highest paved road in the world. The truck manufactured by the American companyInternational Truck and Engine Company and equipped withthe 275 horsepower DT530 engine, had been converted fromdiesel to natural gas using the Omnitek technology. Earlier inthe month another test-drive performed with the same natural gas converted vehicle, owned by Leche Gloria, confirmed the engines power and ability to transport heavyloads. The test was performed driving the vehicle on a steeproad, locally known as Pasamayo, loaded to a weight of37,000 kg (37 tons).The high-altitude record setting drive concluded a series oftests tailored to set the record straight on some commonmisconceptions about natural gas engines. The tests resultedin sufficient data to show that diesel engines which are converted to operate with natural gas have enough power totransport heavy loads and can operate at very high altitudes,all while having low fuel consumption and produce much lesspollution than a diesel truck. On one test-drive, the Leche Gloria truck completed the 326km distance from Lime to Canete and back to Lime whileloaded with milk to 37,000 kg, in a remarkably short time of 5hrs, consuming only 118 cubic meters of natural gas at acost of 164 Soles ($ 55), a savings of 60% over using diesel.The tests were co-sponsored by Peruana de gas Natural

The twisted, flexible and pressure testedstainless steel Multitubes are the “State of

the Art” connection pipelines between the storage-bottlesand the dispenser of a CNG station. Hundreds of stations inGermany and throughout Europe are equipped with thesecost efficient tubes. The system is maintenance free and wellprotected against mechanical damage, abrasion and corrosion.The admitted design pressure is 300 bar or even more,depending on the selected dimension. The size range goesfrom OD 6 mm up to OD 25 mm. Simple and quick installation in long units (up to 1000 m) will lower your costs.No conduit needed. All tubes are approved by third-party survey organizations like TUV or LRS. Pressure test and certification are conducted directly after production. No additional pressure test is necessary after installation.Please feel free to contact us and ask for a detailed quotation.

The Zapp Group is now looking back over a 300 year history.Today the company benefits by having production locations inthe United States and Germany with a sales organizationoperating worldwide. Zapp is a world class supplier of semifinished products specializing in Stainless Steel and HighPerformance Alloys. Our high quality standards enable ourmaterial to meet the needs of the most ambitious applications.

ROBERT ZAPP - WERKSTOFFTECHNIK GMBHThomas Domke, Zapp-Platz 1, 40880 RatingenPhone +49 2102 710-577, thomas.domke@zapp.com www.zapp.com

Multitubes - High-pressure piping systems for CNG stations

BusinessCentre

Omnitek Sets High Altitude Record with CNG PoweredTruck at 4814 Meters

SAC (PGN), a Peruvian natural gas supplier and OmnitekPartner. PGN is also an authorized Omnitek diesel-to-naturalgas conversion center.Contact: Omnitek Engineering, Corp.1945 S Rancho Santa Fe Rd. San Marcos, CA 92078Tel. 760-591-0089Omnitek Peru S.A.Los Pinos 584, Urb. Villa Marina - Chorrillos, Lima - PeruTel. +51 (1) 993468117

November 2009 35

BusinessCentre

ADVERTISE in and expand your product and company popularity in Asia. Gain brand awareness, more clients and maintain your market share!Expand & intensify your sales in Asia, the world’s biggest NGV market, home to55% NGVs and 50% of NG stations. Advertise with us! Contact asia@ngvgroup.com. Website: www.asiangv.com

Marketing activities 2010 in theworld’s biggest NGV region -Asia!

EditionMonth

released,2010

Deadline Special report

35 January December 10th OEM NGVs and its variants in Asia

Safety first!: cylinders and NGV/station equipment

36 February January 12thConversion: Demand, technology, and manufacturers’ opinions

Marketing in NGV world

37 March February 10th Compressor and dispenser: Market and availability

38 April March 10thValves and electronic equipment technologies

Focus on South Asia, the world’s strongest NGV region: Bangladesh, India, Pakistanand Iran

39 May April 8thSpecial edition: NGV China 2010 - 13 – 15 May, Beijing, China

With extra magazine distribution in the event

40 June May 10th

Special edition: NGV 2010

IANGV’s exhibition & conference - 8-10 June, Rome, Italy

With extra magazine distribution in the event

41 July June 10thConversion kits suppliers

The follow up and result of NGV 2010

42 August July 8th Cylinders: Market stories and opinion from the suppliers

43 September August 10thBiogas page

LNG/L-CNG station, gas storage and transport

44 October September 8thExpanding your business in world’s no. 1 vehicle users: China

Thailand: Government incentives and demand

45 November October 7thSpecial edition: NGV India 2010 - Mumbai, India

With extra magazine distribution in the event

46 December November 10thThe 2010 statistical reviews

Messages from NGV associations

Country

Natural Gas Vehicles Refuelling stations

VRAMonthly gasconsumption

(M Nm3)Last update

Total Cars/LDVs MD/HDbuses

MD/HDtrucks Others Total Public Private Under

construction

November 200936

Asian NGV statisticsNGV statistics

Region Total NGVsCars

/LDVsMD/HDBuses

MD/HDTrucks

Othersfuellingstations

Fuel Prices

Country

Armenia 0,65 0,61 0,60 0,32 0,29 0,33Bangladesh 0,52 0,49 0,34 0,18 0,16 0,18China 0,59 0,56 0,50 0,34 0,30 0,35Egypt 0,24 0,12 0,15 0,06 0,05 0,06India 0,83 0,76 0,53 0,27 0,24 0,28Indonesia 0,44 0,31 0,33 0,18 0,16 0,18Iran 0,110 0,071 0,012 0,030 0,027 0,029Japan 1,39 1,31 1,19 0,68 0,52 0,58Korea 1,07 1,06 0,43 0,39 0,44Kyrgyzstan 0,60 0,70 0,26 0,23 0,27Malaysia 0,51 0,49 0,49 0,19 0,17 0,19Pakistan 0,68 0,57 0,40 0,36 0,41Philippines 0,89 0,87 0,22 0,20 0,23Russia 0,80 0,69 0,70 0,22 0,20 0,23Singapore 1,03 0,92 0,86 0,52 0,46 0,53Tajikistan 0,55 0,45 0,21 0,19 0,22Thailand 0,61 0,56 0,52 0,17 0,15 0,17Turkey 1,70 1,60 1,26 0,78 0,68 0,76Uzbekistan 0,49 0,34 0,34 0,11 0,10 0,11

PremiumGasoline(Euro/litre)

RegularGasoline(Euro/litre)

Diesel(Euro/litre)

CNG(Euro/Nm3)

CNG price equivalent perlitre gasoline

CNG price equivalent per

litre diesel

World review

Pakistan 2.250.100 2.200.000 100 50.000 2.974 2.974 1.002 September 2009Iran 1.537.790 1.532.268 5.522 928 867 61 958 177,00 July 2009India 700.000 687.285 12.000 715 500 181 319 52,00 April 2009China 500.000 320.000 150.000 30.000 1.324 1.125 199 230 9 September 2009Bangladesh 180.000 168.412 3.233 8.355 425 425 13 21,36 June 2009Thailand 154.614 125.464 10.876 16.600 1.674 347 322 25 72 October 2009Egypt 110.100 107.442 1.209 708 741 119 115 4 16 33,90 June 2009Russia 103.000 60.000 8.000 35.000 226 201 25 12 26,79 December 2008Armenia 101.352 69.971 9.831 19.626 1.924 275 9 266 14 28,50 September 2009Uzbekistan 47.000 47.000 43 43 4,25 December 2007Malaysia 42.000 41.819 170 11 120 118 2 10 April 2009Japan 37.117 14.218 1.455 20.155 1.289 344 293 51 672 March 2009Myanmar 22.821 4.527 18.290 4 37 37 October 2008Korea 20.283 776 19.078 429 130 130 2 13 43,94 April 2009Tajikistan 10.600 10.600 53 53 4,13 December 2007Kyrgyzstan 6.000 6.000 6 6 0,60 December 2007Singapore 4.289 4.250 30 9 4 4 September 2009Turkey 3.056 2.564 492 9 5 4 35 0,40 July 2008Georgia 3.000 3.000 42 42 January 2008Indonesia 2.550 1.755 335 210 250 9 9 December 2008Australia 2.453 130 1.263 1.060 146 127 19 130 March 2007United Arab Emirates 305 305 0 0 2 1 1 1 March 2007New Zealand 283 180 66 37 14 14 March 2007Philippines 36 11 25 3 1 2 February 2006Taiwan 4 4 1 1 April 2005Vietnam 2 2 1 1 January 2009Total Asia 5.838.755 5.407.977 241.981 132.882 55.915 8.082 7.089 993 2.294 895 392,87 October 2009World 10.763.492 10.214.692 307.744 181.889 59.167 16.231 14.570 1.660 2.661 12.979 1.065

Asia 5.628.347 5.272.442 223.658 78.256 53.991 7.542

Eurasia 210.408 135.535 18.323 54.626 1.924 552

Africa 226 220 6 7

Europe 910.561 832.165 40.697 36.847 852 2.802

S. & Ctral. Am 3.898.773 3.875.293 13.820 9.660 0 4.403

North America 115.177 99.037 11.240 2.500 2.400 925

Total 10.763.492 10.214.692 307.744 181.889 59.167 16.231