VOLUME 2 - Durban - The Official Website of the eThekwini Municipality

DRAFT WATER SERVICES DEVELOPMENT PLAN

VOLUME 2

for the

ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY

prepared by the

ETHEKWINI WATER AND SANITATION UNIT

July 2004

Contents

SECTION 1 : FOREWORD AND WSDP RESPONSIBILITIES........ 5

1.1 Foreword 5 1.2 Responsibilities and contact details 6 1.3 IDP Drafting team 8 1.4 Public Participation Process 8 1.5 Approval by Council 8

SECTION 2 : INTRODUCTION TO THE WATER SERVICES DEVELOPMENT PLAN ..................................................................... 9

2.1 What is a Water Services Development Plan (WSDP) 9 2.2 What is the current situation? 9 2.3 What do we want the future situation to be? 10 2.4 Why is water and sanitation so important? 10

SECTION 3 : THE FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH THIS WSDP HAS BEEN PREPARED.................................................................. 13

3.1 The “new” eThekwini Municipal Area 13 3.2 Population 14 3.3 Demographic trends and migration patterns 15 3.4 The Economy 19 3.5 National legislative and strategic policy formulation framework against

which the WSDP has been compiled 19 3.6 Positioning the WSDP within the context of the City’s Long Term

Development Framework (LTDF) 20 3.7 Key Actions 21

SECTION 4 : KEY POLICIES......................................................... 22

4.1 Water 22 4.2 Sanitation 23 4.3 Guidelines11 25 4.4 Free basic services 25 4.5 Key Actions 26

SECTION 5 : BACKLOGS ............................................................. 27

5.1 Backlog definitions 27 5.2 Required databases 28 5.3 Backlog in Provision of Water Services 30 5.4 Progress in meeting the backlog 37 5.5 Key actions 37

SECTION 6 : PLANNING AND DELIVERY ................................... 38

6.1 Introduction 38 6.2 Basic services to rural areas – Water and Sanitation Programme9 38 6.3 Water and sewer trunk mains to new housing developments 40

6.4 Water Services Development Planning 40 6.5 Maintenance of existing water and sanitation infrastructure 43 6.6 Key actions 44

SECTION 7 : RESEARCH PROJECTS AND SUPPORTING PLANS ................................................................................. 45

7.1 Tariff structures and user charges 45 7.2 Sludge management 45 7.3 Water loss – Non Revenue Water 46 7.4 Recycling of water 50 7.5 Pit emptying 51 7.6 Public education programmes 52 7.7 Environmental Monitoring 53 7.8 Key Actions 54

SECTION 8 : INSTITUTIONAL AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES ................................................................................. 55

8.1 Management Structure – Water and Sanitation Organogram 55 8.2 Customer Focus – Batho Pele 56 8.3 Institutional arrangements for the provision of water services in the

greater eThekwini Area 57

SECTION 9 : TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ... 58

9.1 Comparison of Targets and Performance Indicators 58

SECTION 10 : FINANCIAL PLAN.................................................... 61

10.1 Introduction 61 10.2 Water and Sanitation Capital Budget 61 10.3 Provision of basic water and sanitation services 65

SECTION 11 : WSDP Auditing and Monitoring............................. 67

11.1 Annual Report Format 67 11.2 Report for Year Ending 30 June 2004. 67

SECTION 12 : SUMMARY OF KEY ACTIONS................................ 78

SECTION 13 : ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 81

13.1 Abbreviations 81 13.2 References 81

eThekwini Municipality – Water Services Development Plan 5 C:\Council_Web\WServ_Deve_Plan\136776_2.DOC 09/20/2004

SECTION 1 : FOREWORD AND WSDP RESPONSIBILITIES

1.1 Foreword In 1999 the erstwhile Durban Transitional Metropolitan Council recorded the water and sanitation status quo in a report entitled “Water Services Development Plan – Report on Status Quo Investigations”. While the boundary of the previous Durban Metropolitan Area has since then increased by 68%, the population has only increased by 9% with the newly incorporated areas being mainly unserviced rural areas. A review of the 1999 WSDP undertaken in 2003, found that it was still largely relevant in respect of the status quo of water service infrastructure in the expanded eThekwini Municipality Metropolitan Area. Since 1999 the relevance and format of the water services sector planning has evolved and a more integrated approach adopted. In December 2002 the Integrated Development Plan (IDP), which deals with all aspects of the City’s life, was publicly launched as part of the process to listen to the comments from stakeholders on the City’s strategic intent and plan of action. Comments obtained from this action were then incorporated into a revised IDP, which was published on the 25 June 2003. The revised IDP (June 2003) sets out the City’s strategic intent and plan of action to get down and make holistic and sustainable development happen on the ground. It incorporated the comments and views of stakeholders who expressed willingness to work to transform the built environment and improve the quality of life of all citizens. This document, which is volume 2 of the City’s Water Services Development Plan (WSDP), is due to be publicly launched in conjunction with the August 2004 review of the IDP and has been developed taking into account the strategic intent, plan of action and directives set out in the IDP and the requirements of the Water Services Act. The WSDP Volume 2 deals specifically with the provision of services related to water and sanitation and the associated plans and strategies that will “make it happen”. While the WSDP will become a legal Council adopted plan, it is a living document. It is the intention of the document’s custodian, the eThekwini Water and Sanitation Unit (EWS), to adjust and improve the roll out plan based on progress audits, updates to the IDP and the changing needs of all citizens. The WSDP is conceptual and strategic in nature. It should be read in conjunction with a number of additional documents published by the Council and the EWS. These documents have been published and can be viewed on the City’s web site and at the offices of the Water and Sanitation Unit.


1.2 Responsibilities and contact details

DESIGNATION NAME TEL. No.

FAX No.

EMAIL ADDRESS

POSTAL ADDRESS

Executive Mayor

Clr Obed Mlaba 3048141 [email protected] P.O Box 1014

Durban 4000

Municipal Manager

Mike Sutcliffe 3112130 3112170 [email protected] P.O Box 1014 Durban 4000

WSA manager

Neil Macleod 3024600 3024646 [email protected] P.O Box 1038 Durban 4000

Technical Director

Frank Stevens 3024602 3024549 [email protected] P.O Box 1038 Durban 4000

WSDP Contact

Bill Pfaff 3024783 3024549 [email protected] P.O Box 1038 Durban 4000

IDP Manager

Sogen Moodley 3074920 3074933 [email protected] P.O Box 1014

Durban 4000


1.3 IDP Drafting team The City’s IDP was drafted by the Corporate Policy Unit and the contact persons are as follows:-

• Sogen Moodley or Bruce Butelezi at telephone number 0313074920 and Fax No. 0313074933

1.4 Public Participation Process The process of compiling the IDP involved understanding the city’s stakeholders needs and vision for the city. The directives formulated by the public were then translated into strategy and written into the IDP and in turn transformed into plans and associated actions for the WSDP. The WSDP thus forms one of a series of public information documents which supports the city’s IDP e.g Transport Plan, Housing Plan, Environment Plan, Disaster Management plan, Gender Equity Plan. A summarized version of the WSDP has been compiled, as the complete WSDP comprises a number of documents of significant size and content. Rather than studying the complete WSDP and its associated documents, key stakeholders and other interested members of the public are able to assess the key issues of the WSDP by reading the summary. The summary also forms part of the information pack for the “Big Mama” public workshops to be held in August 2004 where the IDP updates will be presented and discussed. The WSDP and the supporting documentation have been made available on the Units internet web site. In addition copies are available for inspection at the Water and Sanitation Unit's offices.

1.5 Approval by Council The WSDP in its present form has not been approved by Council and will not be approved until the public participation process has been completed.


SECTION 2 : INTRODUCTION TO THE WATER SERVICES DEVELOPMENT PLAN

2.1 What is a Water Services Development Plan (WSDP) A Water Services Development Plan is a plan to progressively ensure efficient, affordable, economical, and sustainable provision of water services (i.e. Water and Sanitation services). It deals with socio economic, technical, financial, institutional and environmental issues as they pertain to water services.

2.2 What is the current situation? The current situation was documented in a report entitled “Water Services Development Plan- Report on Status Quo Investigations”8, dated April 1999, commissioned by the Durban Metro Water Services of the then Durban Transitional Metropolitan Council, and was submitted to DWAF. Since the Report on Status Quo Investigations was completed, the boundary of the previous Durban Metropolitan Area has been increased by 68%, which now constitutes the EMMA. Whilst the area has increased by 68% the majority of the newly incorporated area is rural in nature with the population only increasing by 9%. The primary findings of the Status Quo in respect of service infrastructure thus remain largely relevant to the EMMA. The Council adopted its first IDP document in December 20021, subsequently revised in June 2003². This WSDP is prepared in direct response to this strategic level policy document.

WSDP – transforms water services delivery

Current Situation

Future Situation


2.3 What do we want the future situation to be? The IDP is the Council’s principle strategic planning instrument, which establishes what the future situation should be and how it should be achieved. Thus, the IDP has been used to direct the formulation of strategies pertaining to water services contained within this WSDP. The principle themes of the IDP that have shaped strategies contained within the WSDP are as follows: -

1. Maximize use of existing facilities and infrastructure.

2. Develop a financial strategy such that a balance between the need to “develop and

extend new infrastructure” and “regenerate and maintain” existing infrastructure is

obtained.

3. Regenerate existing residential and core business areas to grow the economy and (in

so doing) contribute to the improvement of life of citizens.

4. Formulate service delivery strategies that will maximize the impact on job creation and

poverty alleviation.

5. Extend basic services to all.

2.4 Why is water and sanitation so important? Water and Sanitation services are provided to domestic consumers, institutions, businesses, and industries. The capacity to provide services effectively and efficiently is a critical component in the delivery of sustainable basic services, in the improvement of a healthy living environment, and in the support of economic development. Policies to achieve the above are prescribed in the National Water Act, The Water Services Act and, more recently, the Strategic Framework for Water Services adopted by Cabinet in September 2003.


2.4.1 The National Water Act The National Water Act (36 of 1998)3 legislates the way in which the Nation’s water resources are to be protected, used, developed, conserved, managed, and controlled. It is in terms of the National Water Act (NWA) that municipalities obtain the water that they then use in providing services to their customers. In addition, the NWA also governs how a municipality may return effluent and other wastewater back to the Nation’s water resources.

2.4.2 The Water Services Act The Water Services Act 108 of 19974, in addition to setting out the rights and duties of those responsible for providing water services, gives substance to the constitutional right of access to the basic water supply and basic sanitation. It requires that Water Service Authority (WSA) must take reasonable measures to realize these rights. In the case of the ETM, the municipality is the designated Water Services Authority with the Water and Sanitation Unit being the internal Water Services Provider. The ETM is thus obligated by the WSA to take reasonable measures to plan for and progressively implement water services, which will result in the realization of the aforementioned basic rights. The planning is required be documented in the form of a Water Service Development Plan and the implementation of these plans must be reported on annually to both provincial and national government.

2.4.3 Strategic Framework for Water Services (adopted by Cabinet in September 2003)5 The Strategic Framework provides a comprehensive summary of policy for water services and sets out a strategic framework for its implementation over the next ten years. The following goals are set for the water services sector:

1. All people have access to an appropriate, acceptable, safe and affordable basic water supply and sanitation service.

2. All people are educated in healthy living practices (specifically with respect to the use of

water and sanitation services) and the wise use of water.

3. Water and sanitation services are provided:

Equitably (adequate services are provided fairly to all people); Affordably (no one is excluded from access to basic services because of their cost);


Effectively (the job is done well); Efficiently (resources are not wasted); Sustainably (services are financially, environmentally, institutionally and socially

sustainable); and Gender sensitive (taking into account the different needs and responsibilities of

women and men with regard to water services and sanitation).

4. The prices of water and sanitation services reflect the fact that they are both social and economic goods (that is, pricing promotes access to a basic safe service, encourages the wise and sustainable use of resources and ensures financial sustainability).

5. Water and sanitation services are effectively regulated with a view to ensuring the

ongoing achievement of these goals.


SECTION 3 : THE FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH THIS WSDP HAS BEEN PREPARED

3.1 The “new” eThekwini Municipal Area The newly demarcated boundary of the EMMA increased the area of the previous Durban Metropolitan area by 68% although increasing the population by only 9%. The EMMA now covers an area of 2297 square kilometers. The new demarcated EMMA is shown below: -

Figure 1 - eThekwini Municipality Metropolitan Area


The spatial configuration of the EMMA forms a T shape with the areas closer to the two major national freeways tending to be well provided with water services infrastructure. Areas on the periphery are generally poorly resourced with the diverse topography (steep escarpments to relatively flat coastal plains) contributing to the challenge of providing cost effective water service related infrastructure.

3.2 Population The EMMA currently has an estimated population of just over 3 million people. In May 2000 the City’s Traffic and Transportation Department commissioned a study entitled "Demography and Demographic Projections to 2020”. In this study, demographic projections followed three scenarios viz. low, middle and high AIDS scenarios. The middle AIDS scenario was adopted for planning by all service sectors. This scenario predicts that the population is expected to grow by 0.67% to 3.125 million people over the period to 2005 and then decline at an average rate of 0,07% p.a. such that in year 2020 the population will be around 3 million. Subsequent to this study the City’s Corporate Policy Unit produced annual population predictions based on the middle AIDS scenario population growth rates. This allowed for a comparison of the Census 96 population, projected to 2001 using the middle AIDS growth rate, with the population enumerated during the 2001 Census. A comparison between the projected and the census figures showed a relatively small difference of 45000 - which falls within the Census 2001 sample error range of 4.19% (for KZN) at the 95% confidence level. Future population estimates contained with in the WSDP are thus based on the Middle Aids scenario as shown in figure 2.


MIDDLE AIDS SCENARIOMIDDLE AIDS SCENARIO

3 000 000

3 025 000

3 050 000

3 075 000

3 100 000

3 125 000

3 150 000

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Year

Pop

ulat

ion 0.67%

-0.07%

Figure 2 - Projected population growth based on the Middle AIDS scenario

3.3 Demographic trends and migration patterns A preliminary analysis of data relating to the 2001 census, provides an indication of the key influences in the existing and future demographic realities of the metropolitan area. The preliminary key findings are as follows:-

• There is a clear net outward migration (possibly as high as 25%), at ages 20-30, of White residents. To a lesser extent, Coloured and Asian residents also migrate outwards. At the same time a net inward migration of Black people, probably from rural parts of KwaZulu Natal is occurring. The overall effect is a gain of people at ages 20-30.

• The HIV epidemic has had a small but clear effect on the ages 30-34, and is clearly going to impact heavily on the size of future age groups between 30 and 55.

• Fertility is clearly in decline, causing a slower growth in the number of young people, and resulting in an ageing of the population. The White population is already heavily “skewed” towards the higher ages, and will age further. The Asian and Coloured populations are beginning to age, although slowly, while the Black African population remains quite young, at least for the near future.


Key factors are shown below, overall, and by race group.

Population by Age

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,0000-

4

5-9

10-1

4

15-1

9

20-2

4

25-2

9

30-3

4

35-3

9

40-4

4

45-4

9

50-5

4

55-5

9

60-6

4

65-6

9

70-7

4

75-7

9

80-8

4

85-8

9age

num

ber

200420122020

Aids related mortality

net inward migration

decreasing fertility

Ethekwini Black Population

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

0-4 5-9 10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85-89

age

num

ber

20012007201020132019

net inward migration

Aids related mortalitydecreasing fertility


Ethekwini Asian

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

0-4 5-9 10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85-89

age

num

bers

20012007201020132019

net outward migration

ageing

Ethekwini White Population

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

0-4 5-9 10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85-89

age

num

ber

20012007201020132019

ageing



Ethekwini Coloured Population

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0-4 5-9 10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85-89

age

num

ber

20012007201020132019

ageing


The possible total population is expected to be as follows at selected years: Total Population By Age Ages 2004 2012 2020

0-4 350,854 325,928 322,296 5-9 350,922 356,877 335,717 10-14 301,378 328,083 315,787 15-19 327,699 345,290 362,465 20-24 342,105 358,418 393,456 25-29 320,658 333,990 352,804 30-34 273,424 258,322 280,399 35-39 234,601 218,969 227,246 40-44 191,775 162,991 166,390 45-49 159,687 132,305 143,420 50-54 132,421 122,065 117,604 55-59 102,499 103,309 99,059 60-64 77,794 93,008 92,595 65-69 56,708 70,214 78,244 70-74 39,214 51,428 65,177 75-79 24,265 30,440 39,069 80-84 14,365 18,750 24,593 85-89 7,976 10,914 13,948 TOTAL 3,310,348 3,323,316 3,432,290


3.4 The Economy As noted in the IDP (June 2003), the EMMA’s Gross Geographic Product (GGP) per person per year is R25 529. The EMMA economy is growing at a slow 1.8% per annum and the area faces a severe unemployment situation. Due to the relatively slow growth and unemployment situation, there is a significant percentage of the customer base that falls in the category of less than R1000 income per month. The income per dwelling unit (per month) as derived by the Census 1996 by Urban Strategy Department is as follows: - Income Category

<R1000 R1000 – R1500

R1500-R3500

R3500 – R6000

>R6000

% of EMMA Dwellings

32 11 21 15 21

Whilst supporting the need for a free basic water services policy the above income figures indicate that payment for water services will be problematic once the basic level is exceeded.

3.5 National legislative and strategic policy formulation framework against which the WSDP has been compiled

The National Water Act of 1998 and the Water Services Act 1997 have spawned a number of policy framework documents as follows: -

• White paper on Water Supply and Sanitation Policy of 1994 • Draft National Sanitation White Paper of 1996 • White paper on a National Water Policy for South Africa, 1997 • White Paper on Basic Household Sanitation 2001 and • Draft White Paper on Water Services, 2002

The above documents have led to the formulation of the following national strategies: -

• Free Basic Water Strategy • Free Basic Sanitation Strategy (under development)

As the context in which some of the above policy and strategy documents has changed, the Strategic Framework for Water Services (section 2.4.3) provides a current summary of the policies for the water services sector. The above documents and particularly the strategies for the delivery of free basic services have been taken into account in developing the WSDP.


Components of the WSDP Financial plans

Spatial Development Plan

Spatial Development Framework

IDPs

Regional Spatial Development Plans

Local Spatial Development Plans

Completed work Currently being developed

- Strategy - Policy

Planning and delivery

3.6 Positioning the WSDP within the context of the City’s Long Term Development Framework (LTDF)

In order to address the critical challenges facing the ETM, the Council has chosen to adopt a twenty year period during which time the City’s Vision will be achieved. This plan, or LTDF, provides the framework within which the current and future IDPs and associated Spatial Development Framework Plans will be compiled.

The WSDP must then fit into the LTDF and IDP in terms of its strategies and current planning. Future revisions to the WSDP must necessarily take into account Regional and Local Spatial Development Plans that in turn are based on Spatial Development Frameworks that are still being formulated. This is illustrated diagrammatically above.


3.7 Key Actions • Update Population projections based on 2001 census, latest AIDS scenario

projections, and other relevant current data sets.

• Update information about the economy using data supplied by the City’s Corporate Policy Unit.

• Review the WSDP against an updated record of any changes to relevant National

Legislation and associated strategies for the water services sector.

• Develop the detailed Planning and Delivery components of the WSDP, and associated Financial Plans, as Regional and Local Spatial Development plans are developed.


SECTION 4 : KEY POLICIES 4.1 Water

4.1.1 Service levels In order to make water available to customers at an affordable cost, three levels of service are offered to domestic customers as follows: -

• Full pressure water supply fed directly to the household from the City’s supply

network.

• Semi pressure supply received by the household via a roof-tank.

• 200 litre of water per day available via a ground tank which is filled daily –

equivalent to free 6000litres of water per month.

The above levels of service are generally restricted to “formal” areas where the layout of roads and residences are unlikely to change in the medium term. In order to supply informal communities, often residing on private land, pending some kind of relief via an “insitu” or “Greenfields” housing project, standpipes are provided no more than 200 meters away from the informal dwellings. Water supplied via the standpipes is free of charge. In providing an agreed level of water service, it is very important that a matching level of sewerage service is provided, so as not to cause public health problems. For example, a full pressure supply is not appropriate where a pit toilet is used and equally a ground tank water supply is not appropriate where a full water borne sewerage system is used.

4.1.2 Tariffs6 Different tariffs are charged for domestic customers based on the type of water service they receive and the amount of water they use in a 30-day period. Customers with a full pressure water connection also pay a fixed charge based on the size of the water meter.

4.1.3 Water Policies12


A policy document has been prepared which sets out the current policies relating to the water service as directed by Council Committees over the past five years and refers to information from existing policy, practice and bylaws. Following the presentation of this document in a workshop held in August 2004, it was resolved that a team of Councilors undertakes a critical assessment of its contents.

4.2 Sanitation

4.2.1 Sanitation Service Levels The following sanitation service levels are accepted across the Unicity: -

Waterborne Dry Conventional waterborne – connection to sewerage infrastructure Waterborne with on site disposal – septic tank and associated soak-away Waterborne with on site collection and off site disposal e.g. conservancy tanks and emptying and disposal by tanker. Waterborne and on site treatment e.g a package treatment plant

Urine Diversion toilet with double vaults.

4.2.2 Tariffs7 4.2.2.1 Sewerage Rates The sewerage function is currently funded via sewerage rates calculated by a “randage” applied to both land and building values. The charge is applied to all properties which are deemed to be “reasonably able” to connect to the Council’s sewer reticulation. The only exception is where properties are deemed in terms of the Local Authorities Ordinance to be non “rateable”. These properties are charged for the sewerage service by means of a volume based user charge. It is the intention to move to such a volume based user charge for all properties within the next five years1. 4.2.2.2 Uniform Tariffs for other Services Different tariffs and tariff policies for services offered by EWS were inherited from the previous structures. The policy adopted has been to phase out the differences such that a uniform tariff

1 See Section 6 – Research Projects and Supporting Plans - for details of the research on tariff structures.


of charges reflecting the full cost of providing any particular service across the Unicity is now in place.

4.2.3 Waterborne sanitation to boundary of lots Unlike water, which is supplied to the boundary of any property, it is the policy of the Council to provide waterborne sanitation to the boundary of lots registered within the Metro areas as at 26 June 1996 and the balance of the Unicity areas as at 6 December 2000. The development within one of these particular lots may be a single residential (or commercial or industrial) unit or a large housing scheme (or commercial/industrial node). It is Council policy to provide waterborne sanitation to the boundary of the registered lot and the provision of the necessary reticulation within the lot is the responsibility of the developer/property owner/householder and not the Council.

4.2.4 Role of the developer The policy outlined above results in the developer of any private or public township scheme being required to construct the complete sewerage reticulation within such a property. In addition, should the developer require a sewer connection immediately (where one currently is not available), then the developer may either: -

• fund the necessary extension (and be refunded the net expenditure by the Council at a date which is in accordance with an approved sewering programme) or,

• fund an alternative approved scheme (provided that the Council does not incur operating expenses which are greater than twice the average).

4.2.5 Wetcores, drainage reticulation and connections If a waterborne sanitation system is provided the individual householder wishing to make use of the sanitation system is required to provide for a wetcore within the house, the required drainage reticulation to the point of connection and the connection to the waterborne sewerage system. Should the householders not have the means to provide the necessary funding for the wetcore, drainage reticulation and connection fees or appropriate grant funding cannot be accessed then the Council may not approve the particular waterborne sewerage project.

4.2.6 Dense informal settlements – interim solution Current policy is as follows:-


• If a settlement is to be formalised within one year, then no ablution facilities are provided.

• If the settlement falls within a 1 to 5 year upgrade/relocation to formal housing

then a communal toilet facility is provided but to a less expensive design.

• If the settlement falls within a 5 to 15 year period prior to upgrade / relocation to formal housing then a more substantial communal toilet facility is provided.

All toilets are on water borne sanitation with potable water for washing clothes, showers and a kitchen utensil washing area. The settlements are also benefiting from the prevention of run away fires by installing fire hydrants, and access roads.

4.3 Guidelines11 In order to provide and understanding of the various policies and procedures adopted by the Unit in the provision of water services guideline documents have been compiled to assist developers, industrialists and members of the public. The guidelines are available to the public on the eThekwini Municipality web site.

4.4 Free basic services

4.4.1 Water All water customers, irrespective of the level of service, receive the first 6kℓ of water per month at no cost. Thus, any customer who limits their monthly usage to below this figure receives a free water supply. Customers who do not have the financial means to purchase a higher level of service or additional quantities of water, are supplied with ground tank that holds 200 litres of water and is filled daily. In this way, a customer is assured of a regular daily supply of water at no cost.

4.4.2 Sanitation No sewerage rates charge is levied where the valuation of the property (land and buildings) is less than R30 000 as such properties are most probably owned and occupied by the poorest category of persons. In addition a system of rising block rebates is granted in respect of properties valued between R 30 000 and R 100 000 as such properties are probably owned and occupied by relatively poor categories of persons.


In areas where it is not viable for waterborne sewerage reticulation to be provided the basic level of sanitation is the urine diversion double vault toilet. This construction provides a facility, which can be emptied by the householder at no monetary cost, and is in line with the DWAF evolving “free basic sanitation” policy whereby municipalities are required to develop local strategies.

4.5 Key Actions

• Review, update and align the policies for the supply of water services and charging / tariff mechanisms with any changes in National and Provincial legislation and strategies.

• Carry out a review of Sanitation Guidelines, update, and amend as necessary.


SECTION 5 : BACKLOGS 5.1 Backlog definitions

Water

Rural number of households without a water supply via a ground tank, yard tap or direct supply to the house (whether the supply is by means of a connection to the Municipality’s water reticulation system or a borehole or a water harvesting scheme); OR

number of households greater than 200 metres from an outlet device (an EBU or water dispenser).

Non Rural Formal

number of households on properties greater than 200 meters from water reticulation infrastructure.

Non Rural Informal

number of households without a (minimum of) standpipe supply within 200 metres.

Sanitation

Rural

number of households without a toilet belonging to that household which is at least VIP (including UD) standard.

Non Rural Formal number of households (measured as units within any property which currently receives a water supply or is due to receive a water supply as part of the water backlog) without either:- - sewage reticulation within 100 metres of the property boundary; or

- adequate sanitation in the form of a septic tank, conservancy tank, package plant or similar.

Non Rural Informal

number of households which cannot easily access a communal toilet block.


5.2 Required databases

Feature File Name Format Source Potential Inaccuracy in Data

Water Backlog Specific

Water Meters gpsmeters shapefile GIS Infrastructure not captured

Outlet Devices outlet_devices shapefile GIS Infrastructure not captured

Water Dispensors water_dispensors shapefile subset of outlet_devices

Infrastructure not captured

Stand pipes stand_pipes Shapefile Subset of outlet devices


Water Pipes watermains shapefile GIS Infrastructure not captured

Reticulation reticulation shapefile subset of water mains


EBU Spines spines shapefile subset of water mains / reticulation


Sanitation Backlog Specific

Sewer Pipes sewer_pipes shapefile GIS Infrastructure not captured

RWS Delivery Reports hardcopy Construction

Branch - RWS

Common Requirement shapefile

Pockets pockets shapefile Construction Branch - RWS

Incomplete as always under development

Rural Area rural_area shapefile

(re)defined using waterborne edge, sdf and rws pockets

Non Rural Area non_rural_area shapefile

(re)defined as remainder of Municipality once rural removed

Informal Settlements informal_settlements shapefile Metro Housing

Department

Incorrect boundary demarcations


Feature File Name Format Source Potential Inaccuracy in Data

Informal Dwellings dwellings shapefile

MetGIS database as updated by Water's GPS Teams

Refer to Note (A) below.

Cadastral metroatt shapefile GIS

Property key integrity may compromise link to billing

Billing billing dbf table GIS

Property key integrity may compromise link to cadastral

Notes:

(A)

A number of inaccuracies may arise in the MetGIS dwellings database, including:

• the exclusion from the backlog processes of structures not identified and GPS’ed in the initial MetGIS project;

• the presence on the ground of new structures that have not yet been GPS’ed for inclusion in MetGIS;

• the re-GPS’ing and re-numbering of structures originally included in MetGIS resulting in duplication of records; and

• the assumption that the number of structures in MetGIS equates to the number of households.


5.3 Backlog in Provision of Water Services Based on the above data sets the backlog calculation is as follows:-

5.3.1 Water Determination of the Water Services Backlog July 2004

Note: text in red refers to database names

Quantity Reference Source

WATER BACKLOG (HOUSEHOLDS) 74 680 (a) (g) + (r) + (y)

Comprising of:

Rural Definition of Backlog:

number of households without a water supply via a ground tank, yard tap or direct supply to the house, or, number of households greater than 200 metres from an outlet device (an EBU or water dispenser).

Determine number of Dwellings in Rural Area 114 832 (b) Manual Entry

Select by Theme enter in rural_area

Save Selection as

rural_dwellings

Determine number of Dwellings in Rural Area greater than 200m from Outlet Devices 65 253 (c) Manual

Entry Select by Theme

rural_dwellings within 200m of outlet_devices

Switch Selection Save Selection as

rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices

Determine number of Dwellings of Type (c) greater than 200m EBU Spines 65 253 (d) Manual


rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices within 200m of ebu_spines


rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices_ebu_spines

Determine number of Water Meters in Rural Area 40 127 (e) Manual Entry

Select by Theme

meters with center in rural_area


Save Selection as

rural_meters

Determine number of Water Meters in Rural Area greater than 200m from Outlet Devices 34 167 (f) Manual

Entry

Select by Theme

rural_meters within 200m of outlet_devices

Switch Selection

Save Selection as

rural_meters_greater_200m_outlet_devices

Rural Water Backlog (Households) 31 086 (g) (d) - (f)

Non Rural Formal

Definition of Backlog: number of households on properties greater than 200 meters from water reticulation infrastructure.

Determine number of Properties in Non Rural Area 466 989 (h) Manual

Entry

Select by Theme

metroatt with center in non_rural_area

Save Selection as

non_rural_properties

Determine number of Properties in Non Rural Area without link to Billing 138 134 (j) Manual

Entry

Join

billing to non_rural_properties

Select records

non_rural_properties with no join to billing

Save Selection as

non_rural_properties_no_billing


Determine number of Properties of Type (j) greater than 200m from Reticulation

4 436 (k) Manual Entry

Select by Theme

non_rural_properties_no_billing within 200m of reticulation

Switch Selection

Save Selection as

non_rural_properties_no_billing_greater_200m_reticulation

Reduce (k) by Removing Properties that are:

included in informal settlements

(query location of property polygon centroid)

479 (l) Estimated

vacant (query valuation role)

479 (m) Estimated

road reserves (query metroatt and aerial photo)

479 (n) Estimated

Non Rural Urban Water Backlog (Properties) 3 000 (p) (k) - (l) - (m) - (n)

Households Per Property 1,0 (q) Manual Entry

Non Rural Formal Water Backlog (Households) 3 000 (r) (p) x (q)

Non Rural Informal

Definition of Backlog: number of households without a (minimum of) standpipe supply within 200 metres.

Determine number of Dwellings in Non Rural Area 135 560 (s) Manual Entry

Select by Theme

dwellings with center in non_rural_area

Save Selection as

non_rural_dwellings


Determine number of Dwellings in Non Rural Area greater than 200m from Outlet Devices 49 579 (t) Manual

Entry

Select by Theme

non_rural_dwellings within 200m of outlet_devices

Switch Selection

Save Selection as

rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices

Determine number of Dwellings of Type (t) greater than 200m from EBU Spines 49 579 (u) Manual


non_rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices within 200m of ebu_spines


non_rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices_ebu_spines

Determine number of Dwellings of Type (u) falling within designated Informal Settlements 39 495 (v) Manual


non_rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices_ebu_spines with center in informal_settlements

Save Selection as

non_rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices_ebu_spines_informal_settlements

Determine number of Dwellings of Type (u) falling outside designated Informal Settlements 10 084 (w) Manual


non_rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices_ebu_spines with center in informal_settlements


non_rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices_ebu_spines_informal_settlements_not

Determine number of Dwellings of Type (z) greater than 200m from Reticulation 1 099 (x) Manual

Entry

Select by Theme

non_rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices_ebu_spines_informal_settlements_not within 200m of reticulation

Switch Selection

Save Selection as

non_rural_dwellings_greater_200m_outlet_devices_ebu_spines_informal_settlements_not_greater_200m_reticulation

Non Rural Informal Water Backlog (Households) 40 594 (y) (v) + (x)


5.3.2 Sanitation Determination of the Sanitation Services Backlog July 2004Note: text in red refers to database names

Quantity Reference Source / Notes

SANITATION BACKLOG (HOUSEHOLDS) 187 419 (a) (e) + (r) + (s) + (w) -

(z) Comprising of:

Rural

Definition of Backlog: nnumber of households without a toilet belonging to that household which is at least VIP (including UD) standard.

Determine number of Dwellings in Rural Area 114 832 (b) Manual Entry

Select by Theme

dwellings with center in rural_area Save Selection

as rural_dwellings

Reported Delivery of UD's via Rural Water & Sanitation Programme to June 2004 17 500 (c) Manual

Entry

Determine number of VIPs in Rural Areas 13 159 (d) Manual Entry

Select by Theme

sub_places with center in rural_area

Save Selection

as rural_sub_places

Rural Sanitation Backlog (Households) 84 173 (e) (b) - (c) - (d)

Non Rural Formal

Definition of Backlog:

number of households (measured as units within any property which currently receives a water supply or is due to receive a water supply as part of the water backlog) without: - sewage reticulation within 100 metres of the property boundary; or - adequate sanitation in the form of a septic tank, conservancy tank, package plant or similar.

Determine number of Properties in Non Rural Area 466 989 (f) Manual


metroatt with center in non_rural_area

Save Selection as non_rural_properties

Determine number of Properties of Type (f) greater than 100m from Sewer Reticulation 70 597 (g) Manual

Entry


Select by Theme

non_rural_properties within 100m of reticulation

Switch Selection

Save Selection as

non_rural_properties_greater_100m_sewers

Determine number of Properties of Type (g) with no Water according to Billing 40 996 (h)

Manual Entry

Check = (g) - (j)

Join billing to non_rural_properties_greater_100m_sewers

Select Records

non_rural_properties_greater_100m_sewers that have joined to billing

29 601 (j)

Switch Selection

Save Selection as

non_rural_properties_greater_100m_sewers_no_billing

Determine number of Properties of Type (h) with no MetGIS dwellings thereon 35 039 (k) Manual

Entry

Query Theme

non_rural_properties_greater_100m_sewers_no_billing contain centers of dwellings

Switch Selection

Save Selection as

non_rural_properties_greater_100m_sewers_no_sanitation_in_billing_no_dwellings

Reduce (k) by Removing Properties that are:

vacant (query valuation role) 10 020 (l) Estimated

road reserves (query metroatt and aerial photo) 10 020 (m) Estimated

Non Rural Urban Sanitation Backlog (Properties) 15 000 (n) (k) - (l) -

(m)

Households Per Property 1,0 (p) Manual Entry

Non Rural Formal Sanitation Backlog 15 000 (q) (n) x (r)

Non Rural Formal Sanitation Backlog (Households)

Parcel, No Water 15 000 (r) (r) - (s)

MetGIS outside Informal Settlements 14 000 (s) (u) - (v)

Non Rural Informal

Definition of Backlog: number of households which cannot easily access a toilet block.


Determine number of Dwellings in Non Rural Area 135 560 (t) Manual


dwellings with center in non_rural_area

Save Selection as

non_rural_dwellings

Determine number of Dwellings in Non Rural Area further than "very close" to Sewer 130 000 (u) Estimated

Determine number of Dwellings of Type (t) falling within designated Informal Settlements 115 996 (v) Manual

Entry

Select by Theme

non_rural_dwellings with center in informal_settlements Save

Selection as

non_rural_dwellings_informal_settlements

Non Rural Informal Sanitation Backlog (Households) 115 996 (w) (x)

VIPs in Non Rural Areas 41 750 (x) (d1) - (d2)

5.3.2.1 Explanation on the distribution of the sanitation backlog into categories In order to put the sanitation backlog into categories that reflect the EWS’s delivery process it has been necessary to distribute the sanitation backlog as follows:- Households in informal settlements 116000 Less an estimated 18000 household

served by VIPs = 98000

Lots, assumed to be occupied, but without water supply. 15000

METGIS units that are not part of the Housing programme 14000

Less and estimated 24000 households served by VIPs = 5000

Sub-total 145000 103000

Deduct existing VIPs according to census

42000Distribution of VIPs as shown above

Sub-total

103000 103000

Add: Rural Sanitation Backlog (Households)

84 000 84000


5.4 Progress in meeting the backlog As of June 2004 water and sanitation services have been delivered to: -

• 17500 existing rural households without access to water and sanitation. • Approximately 10000 household units built as part of housing projects

5.5 Key actions

• Update backlog projections on an annual basis.


SECTION 6 : PLANNING AND DELIVERY

6.1 Introduction As itemized in Section 2.3 of this document the principle themes contained in the IDP are as follows: -

1. Maximize use of existing facilities and infrastructure. 2. Develop a financial strategy such that a balance between the need to “develop

and extend” new infrastructure and “regenerate and maintain” existing infrastructure is obtained

3. Regenerate existing residential and core business area to grow the economy and (in so doing) contribute to the improvement of life of citizens.

4. Formulate service delivery strategies, which will maximize the impact on job creation and poverty alleviation.

5. Extend basic services to all. The above principle themes have further been translated into the following actions pertaining to water and sanitation planning and delivery:-

• Provision of a minimum of a basic level of water services to each household. • Focus planning on strategic platform infrastructure (i.e. trunk mains / sewers and

sewage treatment works serving existing residential and core business areas and areas where the sustainable development of the City is planned.

• Increase utilization of existing infrastructure by adopting structured rehabilitation and maintenance programmes.

• Promote job creation opportunities and affirmative procurement With the above in mind the following service development plans have been put in place.

6.2 Basic services to rural areas – Water and Sanitation Programme9

The ETM has already embarked on a programme which will see basic water and sanitation being provided to approximately 75 000 householders situated mainly in the rural areas over the next 4 - 6 years.

The adopted approach is as follows:-

• Each household will be provided with 200 litres of water per day made available

via a ground tank, which is filled daily. • Each household without adequate sanitation will be provided with a toilet as well

as information on health and hygiene practices via an education programme.


The target area for the implementation of the Basic Water and Sanitation programme is that area outside the imaginary line drawn where it is difficult to provide water borne sewerage and the outside limits of the EMMA. It approximates the “Urban Edge” as denoted in the SDF as the boundary between the “Urban Periphery” and “Rural / Peri Urban” area.

It is estimated that the programme will take 4 - 6 years to complete. Prioritization of communities within the target area is based both on community needs and on health surveys conducted by the Health Department.

All construction work is done using local labour managed by the labour-based section of the EWS. Water is supplied by automatic water bailiffs to a 200-litre ground tank on a daily basis. Toilets are based on Urine diversion technology and drying or desiccating of faecal matter in vaults below the toilet superstructure.


Health and education programmes are in place and a uniform training manual used to train community facilitators (who in turn train the householders) has been developed. Monitoring of the success of the education procedures is done by an external organization.

6.3 Water and sewer trunk mains to new housing developments The vision of eThekwini Housing is the creation of sustainable human settlements with a view to ensuring that all citizens have access to housing opportunities with secure tenure, have access to appropriate services and allow for incremental housing improvement. eThekwini Housing envisages providing in the order of 10 000 to 16000 new housing opportunities per annum. EWS will be required to provide services to these new housing developments, which will be a combination of service levels ranging from full waterborne to on site dry sanitation systems. The housing delivery programme will, feed into the development of Regional and Local Spatial Development Plans (refer Section 3.6) which, when developed, will facilitate the detailed planning of water services infrastructure and provide a measure of prioritization of the proposed housing projects.

6.4 Water Services Development Planning 6.4.1 Sanitation The diagram in Section 3.6 depicts that certain macro level planning for Water Services delivery has taken place in advance of the preparation of both Regional and Local Spatial Development Plans. For this purpose, two models have been created. The Population / Commercial Development Model (PDM) calculates area-specific population and commercial / industrial development on a year-by-year basis given the following inputs:-

• Global (i.e. municipality-wide) population and economic development growth rates (% per annum and ha / annum respectively;

• Localized growth rates for known residential and economic developments; • Precedence of development timing; and • Time horizons for development.

The Flow Generation Model (FGM) calculates wastewater volumes per day per wastewater treatment works on a year-by-year basis given the following inputs:

• Population and economic development per year (outputs from the PDM);


• A sanitation level of service development programme accounting for the backlog of unsewered, developed and developing areas and the implementation of appropriate technology where necessary;

• Suitable unit flow / mobilization rates (per capita per day or per area per day); and • Calibration of status quo data.

The application is designed to enable due cognizance of treatment works closures, cross catchment transfers, etc. to be taken. The models were developed in the period 1996 to 1998, following the advent of the Durban Transitional Council, and, using data available at that time (which included an average population growth rate across the then Durban Metropolitan area of 2,7% p.a.). The models were used to develop a comprehensive medium to long-term strategic plan for the delivery of a sewage disposal service and for optimizing and rationalising the existing systems inherited from 45 different authorities. The models were further refined and developed in 2001 to 2010 and used again to review the findings of the previous study in the light of: -

• A new forecast population development rate that was substantially different to the rate used in the 1998 study (refer to section 3.2);

• The new Unicity (and now Municipality) replacing the previous Durban Metropolitan Council, with consequent increase in area and population and

• The application of appropriate on-site sanitation technology to currently unserviced rural and peri-urban areas where it had been previously assumed that waterborne sanitation would ultimately be provided.

When the predicted sewage flows generated by the 1998 study are compared with the significantly reduced flow (predicted from the 2002 study) and then compared with the total installed capacity at the sewage treatment works the need for a policy of consolidation as opposed to one of ongoing expansion is evident. This reinforces the IDP policy whereby, in giving priority to rehabilitating existing infrastructure, rather than constantly extending platform infrastructure to new areas, all new developments which require the extension of platform infrastructure to new areas be carefully assessed as to whether they are sustainable and in the best interests of the City.


RATIONALE BEHIND CONSOLIDATION STRATEGY

400

600

800

1000

1200

1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020

YEAR

Ml/d

ay

Projected average daily flows, 2001 study Projected average daily flows, 1998 studyInstalled treatment capacity

The existing treatment works have each been evaluated against the background of the envisaged development scenario. Based on this assessment preferred consolidation options for the treatment plants have been developed as follows:-

Figure 3 - Rationale behind the consolidation strategy


Whereas the development of Regional and Local Spatial Development Plans will provide greater detail for the models to be re-run, they are unlikely to alter the above preferred options unless the population predictions are substantially altered. They will, however, allow both a more accurate view of the respective timing of the upgrades and the development of a trunk infrastructure programme.

6.5 Maintenance of existing water and sanitation infrastructure The IDP makes specific reference to the requirement to “implement a programme to maintain existing infrastructure networks” and to “implement a loss reduction programme”. Further it (The IDP) requires the following key actions: -

• Develop rehabilitation and maintenance programmes for reticulation networks. • Set up task teams to address system failure and other significant causes of loss

The IDP recognises that unless the existing infrastructure is consistently maintained and replaced as the network exceeds its serviceable life, the rapidly deteriorating infrastructure will become a huge financial burden on the ETM. Current international trends indicate that between 60 – 70% of funds spent on infrastructure maintenance should be on scheduled maintenance and the remainder on breakdowns. It is

Node Preferred Option Amanzimtoti Retain :Partial flow transfer to Southern for Medium to

Long term Kingsburgh Retain: Upgrade as and when required Hillcrest Retain: Upgrade as and when required with access

road re-alignment and rehabilitation Dassenhoek Retain: Upgrade as and when required until Umlass

trunk reached works in due course KwaNdengezi Retain: Upgrade as and when required until Umlass

trunk reached works in due course New Germany Decommission: Full transfer to Northern works as and

when capital funds available. Cato Ridge Retain; Upgrade as and when required Umdloti Regional Works

Abandon plans for new regional works

Phoenix Works Retain : Upgrade as and when required

Figure 4 - Summary of consolidation strategy options


estimated that the EWS currently spends 80% of the budget on breakdowns and the remainder on scheduled maintenance. In order to avoid collapse of the network and to adhere to requirements of the IDP the following will be undertaken: -

• Investigate international trends on maintenance budgets as a percentage of asset value, the ratio between proactive versus reactive maintenance and the possible savings that this results in (if any).

• Based on the findings of the investigation referred to above, develop rehabilitation

and maintenance programmes for the ETM infrastructure based on current resources for the next five years.

• Develop a budget based on the rehabilitation and maintenance programmes,

which takes into account the need to change from reactive maintenance (repairing breakdowns) to a scheduled maintenance programme systematically over the next 5 years.

• Review the budget annually so as to take into account new developments or

services (which need to be maintained).

• Set up task teams to investigate consistent system failures, other significant causes of loss and storm water ingress into the wastewater system and its contribution to increased treatment costs.

• Set up a capital replacement program to address ageing systems

• Set up a monitoring protocol that will allow the value of the ETM infrastructure to

be evaluated and reported on.

6.6 Key actions

• Evaluate progress on the provision of basic water and sanitation by means of monthly and annual report,

• Revise and extend planning as Regional and Local Spatial Development Plans become available.

• Develop a procedure and practice to assess and prioritize replacement, rehabilitation and maintenance needs

• Develop a replacement, rehabilitation and maintenance works programme and budget for priority areas


SECTION 7 : RESEARCH PROJECTS AND SUPPORTING PLANS 7.1 Tariff structures and user charges The water supply function is funded through water tariffs. The water tariff will continue to balance the economic and social requirements of the function through rising block structures which incorporate a provision for free basic water The sewerage function is currently funded by means of the sewerage rates, which are applied to all properties that have access to connect to the Councils sewer reticulation. The only exception at present are those properties that are deemed to be non “rateable” who are charged for the sewerage service by means of a volume based user charge. In terms of the Water Services Act of 1997, the Minister has issued GN R of 2001-06-11 which details ' Norms and Standards in respect of tariffs for water services ...." . In addition to these Regulations a set of Guidelines to "assist people to understand and implement the regulations" has also been published. In respect of tariffs for sanitation services the guideline states, inter alia,”...., the sanitation tariff for waterborne sanitation systems should be based on the volume of water supplied". "Practices that base sanitation charges on factors that are not directly related to usage, such as number of toilets, the property value or plot size are discouraged." It is therefore the intention to move to a volume based user charge for all properties within the next five years. A volume based user charge will include a lifeline policy. With this in mind a project will be initiated which will evaluate the feasibility of raising sanitation charges based on water consumption with a view to reporting to Council on the potential impact and associated risks.

7.2 Sludge management

7.2.1 The Present situation The wastewater treatment works (WTW) located within the ETM produces approximately 95 tons (dry) of sludge per day. Based on the projected expansion of the waterborne sewerage system, this quantity is expected to increase to approximately 120 tons (dry) over the next 20 years.


The sludge currently produced, is disposed as follows: -

• 50% of the sludge is disposed together with pretreated wastewater through the two sea outfalls.

• 20% of the sludge is incinerated • 30% is stockpiled at the various WTW

7.2.2 Future plans During 2000 to 2003 the EWS undertook an investigation into sludge disposal. A number of options were identified and investigated. As a result of the investigation a number of practical disposal options were identified as being suitable as follows: -

• Disposal to sea • Land beneficiation • Incineration /industrial use • Disposal to landfill

Considerable work is being done on sludge disposal within South Africa. The work primarily involves developing land beneficiation products derived from sludge and aimed at servicing the agricultural industry. It was recognized that this research is more advanced than that carried out by the EWS. Hence, the adopted short-term strategy is to: -

• Monitor and keep abreast of developments in South Africa and elsewhere

regarding sludge derived products, to test, and implement once the technology is proven and a market established.

• Modify and optimize the existing disposal methods e.g. the dryer system currently

in use is being modified such that a further 5 % of the sludge produced can be incinerated.

• Investigate short-term site-specific disposal options at each Works including

transport to landfill.

• Establish monitoring protocols at each works where sludge is stored to measure whether there is any impact on the surrounding environment.

7.3 Water loss – Non Revenue Water


7.3.1 Introduction At present approximately 30% of the 280 000 mega liters of water that is purchased annually is unaccounted for within the ETM (see table below). Because of this relatively high loss of water, the EWS has established a Non Revenue Water (NRW) Branch whose focus is to reduce the amount of unaccounted for water within the ETM. The ultimate goal of the NRW Branch is to have all 11000km of water mains zoned, metered and monitored such that water balances can be carried out and key indicators determined. The EWS have adopted the standards and best practices as advocated by the International Water Association (IWA). It is the intention of the NRW Branch to develop specific interventions to consistently reduce the amount of unaccounted for water to reach the goals set by the ETM and DWAF.

Description July 2002 to June 2003 % of total

Amount of bulk water purchased (kl) 274901152 Treated water supplied to:-

Residential - full pressure water 104479534 54.99% Residential - semi pressure 3497936 1.84%

Residential - groundtank / standpipe 4008635 2.11% Non Domestic 77998590 41.06%

Others Subtotal treated water supplied 189984695 100.00%

Untreated water supplied Total water supplied 189984695

Difference -> Purchase - Sales 84916457 31% Reticulation leaks, Reservoir Overflows, Service connection leaks 62413596 74%

Illegal Connections 22502861 26% Total water loss 84916457

7.3.2 Targets At the commencement of the non-revenue water reduction programme, the Inefficiency of Use (IOU) percentage was 34% and the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) was 102. For the financial year ending June 2003, the ILI was 8.1 and the IOU was 30.4%.

2 an ILI of 1 is equivalent to achieving the least possible water with regard to pressure, length of mains and number of connections


The IOU figures have been derived using the bulk purchase and sales figures only. No deductions or allowances have been made for any unmeasured but authorised consumption. Plans are currently in place to lower the ILI to 5 in the medium term (IOU 25%) and in the long term (5 years) an ILI of 3 (IOU 20%) should be achievable. It is estimated that at least 26% of the calculated water loss is as a result of illegal connections. The remaining 74% is due to a combination of causes such as background reticulation leaks, bursts, meter inaccuracies, fire fighting, unmetered connections, fire flow, main flushing, reservoir cleaning and overflows. The IDP has set a 5-year goal of reducing the amount of illegal connections by 60%

7.3.3 Methodology 7.3.3.1 Phase 1 intervention Phase 1 intervention commenced in August 2002 in 9 areas of the ETM. The areas were selected as they consume 40% of the water distributed within the ETM. The following interventions were implemented in the selected areas: -

• Creation and verification of discrete monitoring zones • Installation of bulk & district meters • Consistently update GIS records • Carry out water balances and report on key indicators • Optimise PRV settings • Rectify Billing data

7.3.3.2 Phase 2 interventions Based on the lessons learnt from the phase 1 interventions the following phase 2 interventions were implemented: -

• Drop tests were conducted to estimate MNF in new reservoir zones so as to prioritise zones

• Bulk reservoir meters were installed on problematic reservoirs • Utilisation of insertion meters on water mains > 300mm.

It has been shown that the reduction in pressure is the single most effective and cheapest intervention strategy thus the optimisation of the PRV settings have been prioritised and is currently being done throughout the ETM. 7.3.3.3 Additional interventions


Once the cause of high water loss is identified, the following interventions are envisaged: -

• Active Leakage Control -Leak detection is to be typically done in discrete areas where a base line has been obtained.

• Water Wizard - a GIS based utility, which enables monthly water balances to be carried out in areas where the bulk meters exist.

• Standpipe replacement programme - data at hand shows that there are in excess of 2000 non-metered standpipes in the ETM. As part of the Basic Water and Sanitation Programme these standpipes will consistently be replaced with ground tank supply systems

7.3.3.4 Related activities The following proactive NRW activities are also being carried out by the EWS: -

• High consumption customers are short-listed and contracted plumbers are instructed to investigate and leave an “offer to repair” letter. If consumption does not drop, the property is visited again after 3 months. If consumption does not drop and arrears are in excess of 60 days, a forced repair is done and charged to the consumer.

• Installation of flow limiting devices - these are installed where account arrears are

in excess of 60 days.

• Ground Tanks are being installed to provide a lifeline supply to all which also reduces the need for a community to install illegal connections or to vandalise water installations.

• Updating of the consumer data base

• Coordinating of meters by GPS

7.3.4 Compliance with National strategies The EWS considers the reduction in NRW to be of prime importance and hence monthly progress reports are submitted to the Head EWS. The 5-year goal is to have 80% of all water purchased metered and accounted for. This complies with the suggested benchmark set out in the Strategic Framework for Water Services dated September 2003.


7.4 Recycling of water

7.4.1 South Durban Service Water In the early 1990’s it was considered necessary to commence planning to augment the capacity of the City’s southern marine outfall sewer pipeline. As the capital costs associated with augmenting the outfall pipeline were very high, alternative solutions were investigated. The adopted alternative consisted of the following:

1. The construction of a secondary treatment works which would treat the wastewater to a quality, which would allow the final effluent to be discharged at the mouth of the Umlaas Canal.

2. The construction of a tertiary wastewater treatment works, which would treat the

“secondary wastewater” such that the final quality of the effluent would allow the water to be sold as treated water to industrial consumers.

The complete plant was constructed in two phases as a public / private partnership both of which are now operational. The combined treatment facility has the capacity to treat up to 49Ml (megalitres) per day. The treated water is sold to SAPREF, who use the water for cooling in their oil refining process, and Mondi Paper, who use the water in their papermaking process. The current output of industrial quality water is currently limited to 25Ml/d by the volume of domestic raw sewage received at the plant. Potential customers are available and the feasibility of increasing flows to the Works is to be pursued.

7.4.2 Magabheni Water Reuse Agricultural Project The project is a pilot project that aims to re-use the nutrient rich outflow water from the Magabheni Maturation Ponds for alternative livelihood development including: -

• Commercial cultivation and harvesting of a variety of crops by the local community,

• The re-vegetation of the riparian zone with indigenous plant varieties that can be harvested for use in the production of local craftwork.

The project planning was started in 2001 and is being funded by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism and the ETM. The project is supported by the community, the local Inkosi and the ward Councilor. The success of the project is still to be evaluated but if successful has the potential to be replicated at other sites.


7.5 Pit emptying It is estimated that there are 150 000 pit latrines within the ETM boundaries. The majority of these toilets are situated in the rural/peri urban areas incorporated into the ETM at the time that the Unicity was formed. The informal pits will be replaced as part of the Water and Sanitation programme but many of these pits, and all the VIPs, will continue to be used for the foreseeable future. The current Unicity tariff includes a rate for the emptying of a VIP at a nominal charge of R85,00 (including VAT) (2004/2005). The service was introduced for public health reasons and is heavily subsidized by other users of the sewerage system. The emptying of VIPs is currently carried out in response to a request from the householder. Experience of the last three years has been that the average cost of emptying a VIP as an ad-hoc demand responsive service is in excess of R700.00 primarily because of the distances that have to be traveled in reaching the full VIPs that are spread over a wide area. This cost can be considerably higher if the VIPs are constructed in locations that are more difficult to access. In order to address these problems it was proposed and accepted by Council that the current cost of emptying VIP toilets could be significantly reduced if accessible VIPs and pit latrines in complete areas were serviced in a relatively short period. In this manner, it is envisaged that a free service could be a viable alternative. Based on this analysis, the Council approved a policy to provide free basic sanitation services by providing a pit emptying service once every five years to all families whose sole sanitation system is currently an unimproved pit or VIP type pit latrine. The above Council policy was adopted subject to the cost assumptions underlying this policy being tested. In view of the variables involved such as accessibility, size of pit terrain etc, a pilot study has been commissioned such that the most cost efficient method can be evaluated as well as the type of plant and machinery to be used. Three areas uMnini, Umlazi and Besters Camp have been targeted and pit emptying has commenced in these areas. The pit emptying techniques entails the hire of teams of plant and labour, who under the control of an Engineer appointed by the ETM employ various methodologies to empty pits and dispose of the contents. Various methods are being tested as well as the complexities associated with the disposal of the contents. Equipment is being sourced or fabricated specially to determine the most efficient yet pragmatic way of being able to empty pits on an ongoing basis within the ETM.


Once completed the Council will be in a position to decide on a “free basic sanitation” service for those households who currently have an unimproved pit or VIP type pit latrine.

7.6 Public education programmes3

7.6.1 Sanitation In 1995 an education campaign was launched. The purpose of the campaign was to educate the public on the city's wastewater systems with a view to reducing the amount of blockages and the consequent environmental pollution. The campaign was adjusted in 1996/7 to cater for the creation of the Durban Metropolitan area and since then has been rolled out by way of six programmes that range from poster presentations to innovative street theatre productions and publications for use by industry. The campaign has thus far been successful in that blockages have been reduced by a third throughout the ETM. The programme has been rolled out to an estimated 350 000 adults and approximately 250 000 school children. The programme has been expanded to cater for the basic water and sanitation roll out in the rural / peri urban areas and includes a health / hygiene and a operation and maintenance component.

7.6.2 Water

Ethekwini Water Services is committed to enhancing school children’s knowledge about water (and sanitation) through a structured and sustainable education programme. Besides visibility in national conservation efforts such as National Water Conservation Program and National Water Week, Ethekwini Water Services is also deeply involved in a wide range of educational programmes which focus on promoting water conservation, water demand management, sanitation and health and hygiene awareness among learners and adult members of the community. These programmes take the form of organised site visits, water testing, visits to schools, hands on workshops, a mobile education unit, community theatre and tours of the water/wastewater treatment works.

7.6.3 Strategy regarding ongoing education The strategy for the next 5 years is as follows:-

• Develop and introduce innovative approaches/ methodologies to sustain existing education initiatives.

3 Further information can be obtained from the Education and Public Liaison Division


• Ensure that all education initiatives and resources for schools are in line with

curriculum 2005 and National Environmental Education Programme.

• Build capacity within communities to manage their own water and sanitation facilities (basic water and sanitation).

• Improve customer service relation by setting up satellite consumer offices within

the community to attend to queries and complaints

7.7 Environmental Monitoring

7.7.1 Introduction The Department has currently a small team of officials whose primary role is to carry out on-site investigations at business premises to prevent the discharge of dangerous or illegal substances into the Council’s sewerage reticulation system and to control trade effluent. In addition some 10 000 “water” samples are taken each month at rivers, streams, storm water outlets, the harbour and the beaches to check for sewage pollution. Each and every result which indicates significant pollution is followed up by a dedicated team. The cause of the pollution is identified and remedial measures determined. Monthly incident reports are kept to track the progress and reoccurrence of such incidences. Sewer Problem Status Reports are distributed to the DWAF regional office for information. While the present team is highly effective, in recognition that a “clean” environment will contribute significantly in achieving the City’s vision i.e. a high quality of life for all its citizens, and to ensure compliance with NEMMA and associated legislation, a new Pollution and Environmental Branch is in the process of being created. As part of the creation of the new Branch ongoing discussions are being held between the ETM Environmental Branch, DWAF and/or DAEA to determine responsibilities for the following: -

• The responsibility for environmental monitoring in general. • The responsibility of monitoring (and the extent to which it is monitored) of

groundwater usage and quality.

• The establishment of responsibilities and the involvement in terms of Catchment Management.

• The clear definition of and the coordinated responsibilities for the exertion and

enforcement of the relevant environmental laws


The primary role of this new Branch will be to ensure that the 425 million litres of sewage treated daily is discharged with little or no impact on the environment and that pollution of the City’s environment is prevented.

7.7.2 Scope of Responsibilities of the Pollution and Environment Branch The envisaged scope of responsibilities is as follows: -

• Setting ambient quality standards, anticipating threats to the receiving environment and developing source base controls to regulate the quality and discharge of wastewater.

• Checking that the sourced based controls are in place. • Monitoring the receiving environment. • Initiating preventative measures and facilitating the use of alternative technologies to

improve the quality of discharge. • Pollution Prevention, Waste Minimisation, Impact Management and Remediation.

It should be noted that the above tasks are already operational. The task of coordination and management will be formalized under the auspices of the ETM Environmental Branch. The Unit’s new branch will be established as part of a Citywide re-organisation (refer Section 8) during the next 12 months.

7.8 Key Actions

• Evaluate feasibility of raising sanitation charges based on water consumption.

• On-going evaluations of short and medium term sludge disposal solutions and current

disposal / storage practices.

• Water loss. – 80% of all water purchased monitored and accounted for.

• Evaluate feasibility of increasing flows for treatment at the industrial water plant.

• Monitor success of Water Re-use agricultural project and evaluate feasibility of

replicating at other sites.

• Complete pilot study on pit emptying techniques and cost and finalise free basic

sanitation policy.

• Establish a dedicated pollution and environment function and conclude agreement on

responsibilities with relevant authorities.


SECTION 8 : INSTITUTIONAL AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES 8.1 Management Structure – Water and Sanitation Organogram

The City has embarked on the restructuring of the entire organization in order to align the organogram with the IDP. The newly created Water and Sanitation Unit forms part of one of six

WATER AND SANITATION UNIT

MANAGER:CONTACT CENTREMANAGER: COUNCILLOR LIAISONMANAGER: URBAN CUSTOMER SERVICESMANAGER:REGIONAL CUSTOMER CENTRES

DEPUTY HEAD: CUSTOMER SERVICES

MANAGER:TREATMENT WORKSMANAGER: WATER NETWORKMANAGER:WASTE WATER NETWORKMANAGER: RURAL SYSTEMS

MANAGER:MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICALMANAGER: CONSTRUCTION

DEPUTY HEAD: OPERATIONS

MANAGER: PLANNINGMANAGER:DESIGNMANAGER: ENGINEERING RECORDSMANAGER LABORATORY

MANAGER: POLLUTION AND THE ENVIRONMENTMANAGER: NON REVENUE WATERMANAGER: PLANT AND LOGISTICS

DEPUTY HEAD: TECHNICAL SUPPORT

MANAGER: WORKS ACCOUNTSMANAGER: CONTRACTS AND MATERIALSMANAGER: ITMANAGER:ADMINISTRATION

DEPUTY HEAD: ADMINISTRATION

MANAGER: HUMAN RESOURCESMANAGER: HUMAN RESOURCES ADMINISTRATIONMANAGER: TRAINING

SENIOR MANAGER: HUMAN RESOURCES

HEAD: WATER AND SANITATION


“Clusters” formed by the City to reflect the priority action areas. The organogram of the Water and Sanitation Unit is shown above. As of June 2004, the posts of Head of the Unit and the Deputy Heads of Customer Services and Technical Support have been filled. The filling of the remaining posts will be by advertisement or by the “placement” of existing staff. It is anticipated that this will be completed by end 2004. As a carry over from the previous status quo report, the filling of technical posts remains problematic. It is envisaged that this problem will be further exacerbated in the years to come and thus attention needs to be given to the appointment of suitably qualified technical personnel.

8.2 Customer Focus – Batho Pele The EWS has responded to the Governments Initiative of Batho Pele by launching an internal project focused on transforming service delivery. The Batho Pele process within the EWS is based on a charter that outlines the rights that its customers have when dealing with the EWS. The Charter is based on 8 principles as follows: -

1. Consultation – ask customers what they need EWS to provide.

2. Service Standards – inform the customer what they can expect and then ensure

that the service standards are met at all times.

3. Access – ensure that the services offered by the EWS are accessible to all.

4. Courtesy- ensure that all customers are treated with the same respect and

consideration.

5. Information – always provide useful information about the services on offer.

6. Openness and transparency – ensure that the EWS is open and honest about all

that the EWS does.

7. Redress – ensure that the EWS respond to complaints and inculcate a culture

that apologizes to the customer if a mistake is made.

8. Value for money – eliminate wastage and always strive for perfection.

The Batho Pele campaign was successfully launched during October 2003 with members of the public being invited to attend presentations whereby the concept of Batho Pele was introduced.


The campaign is on-going and is supported / reinforced by various initiatives.

8.3 Institutional arrangements for the provision of water services in the greater eThekwini Area

The National Strategic Framework for Water Services proposes a process to restructure the water services sector in South Africa. The purpose of the restructuring would be to create viable water service providers that will be accountable to the existing water service authorities. Umgeni Water is a supplier of water to Ugu, Sisonke, Ilembe, Umgungunlovu, eThekwini and Msunduzi. Since eThekwini purchases 85% of the total water supplied by Umgeni Water, studies have shown that should eThekwini Water Services and Umgeni Water combine, then the price of water could be reduced as a result of overall operating efficiencies. In terms of the Municipal Systems Act any proposal to review the manner in which services are provided has to be undertaken in terms of section 78 of that Act. This means that a review of service delivery mechanisms has to be undertaken in conjunction with Umgeni Water, neighboring water service authorities, affected labour and public sector stakeholders. EWS has budgeted for the appointment of external consultants to facilitate the review of the institutional arrangements for the provision of water services during the 2004/2005 financial year. Should the outcome of the review be that a combined water service provider is viable, then the necessary restructuring of EWS and Umgeni Water would need to be included in the 2005/2006 financial year budgets. 8.3 Key Action

• Placement of all staff to new organogram. • Identification, funding, advertising, and filling of subsequent “key” vacancies especially

technical positions.

• Review institutional arrangements for the provision of water services in the greater eThekwini areas.

eThekwini Municipality – Water Services Development Plan 58 C:\Council_Web\WServ_Deve_Plan\136776_2.DOC

SECTION 9 : TARGETS AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

9.1 Comparison of Targets and Performance Indicators The Table below presents performance indicators (KPI’s) and targets (Outputs) that have been set to measure the delivery of water services in meeting the desired outcomes of the IDP and this WSDP.

KPI Baseline WSDP target Comments

Output 1 – Extend access to water and sanitation services all households in rural areas.

Number of households provided with access to basic water and sanitation via 200 litre water tanks and urine diversion toilets

Backlog of Water 31 000

Sanitation 84 000

100% of backlog by Water 2008

Sanitation 2010

Programme in place since 2002 currently delivering basic water and sanitation to approximately 8000 households per year.

Output 2 – Extend access to water and sanitation services to all households in Informal Settlements

Number of households in informal settlements provided with access to an interim level of service via a water standpipe and communal toilet block

Backlog of Water 39 500

Sanitation 98 000


Sanitation 2010

Programme in place since 2003 to provide existing informal settlements with standpipe water and communal toilet blocks pending their upgrading or relocation to formal housing.

Output 3 – extend access to water and sanitation services to unserviced households in urban / periurban areas

Number of projects identified to extend water and sewerage infrastructure to existing households / developed lots currently without adequate levels of service which are funded and commissioned timeously.

Backlog of Water 3000

Sanitation 5 000


Sanitation 2010

Ongoing programme of extending existing water and sewerage reticulation systems.


Output 4 -Extend water and sanitation to areas where on-site sewerage disposal is failing. Number of projects identified to extend sewerage infrastructure to households / developed lots where existing sewerage systems are failing - resulting in pollution / health hazards which are funded and commissioned timeously.

To be determined 100% backlog achieved by 2010

Ongoing programme of extending existing sewerage reticulation systems.

Output 5 – Extend water and sanitation services to support growth and development. Number of projects identified to support approved growth and development plans which are fundedand commissioned timeously.

100%

Output 6 – Extend water and sanitation lifeline tariffs to all

Number of households paying for basic water services.

Zero Zero Free basic water policy already in

place

Number of households paying for basic sanitation services

Zero

Provision of sanitation as a basic service is already in place. Policy regarding emptying of VIP still to be determined.

Output 7 – A financially viable and accountable water and sanitation service with improved revenue

Water debt expressed as debtor days 185 Less than 90 days

Sanitation debt expressed as debtor days 47 Less than 90 days

Debtor days applies only to tariff charges, only (not payment of sewerage rates)

The proportion of total water purchased which is supplied and metered.

67% 80%


Output 8 – The provision of a water and sanitation service which is environmentally sustainable

Volume of treated wastewater discharged to the environment which complies with the discharge standards

91% 100%

Discharge standards for each treatment works are set by the DWAF.

Output 9 – A water and sanitation unit which provides a quality service

The number of households who do not receive water of an adequate drinking quality (expressed as a percentage of the total number of households who receive water)

3% Zero

The number of households (as a proportion of the total number of households supplied by formal piped systems) which experience inadequate continuity of the water supply service

0.05% Zero

Interruptions in supply to be less than 48 hours duration with a cumulative interruption time during the year of less than 15 days.


SECTION 10 : FINANCIAL PLAN

10.1 Introduction Over the past five years, the City has massively extended its services to meet the needs of the previously disadvantaged communities. This shift has resulted in under spending on the maintenance of existing infrastructure and an increase in amounts owing by debtors. To deal with this pull on its resources, tariffs, service charges, and property rates have been raised to levels that are being seen as unaffordable. Although it is the intention of the City to develop a medium term expenditure framework that balances developmental and maintenance expenditure within a set of guidelines for the allocation of resources, decisions taken around the 2004/2005 budget reflect a situation of severe financial stress.

10.2 Water and Sanitation Capital Budget For Water Services some 70 projects amounting to R60 million many regarded as key to meeting the targets for delivery and maintenance set in this WSDP, have been delayed for consideration as part of the 2005/2006 budget. The Water Services 3 year budget for 2004/2005 to 2006/2007 is provided below (all budgets are in R x 1 000 000).

WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT 2004/2005 2005/2006 2006/2007 Balance to Complete

Shalimar Pump Station - Rebuild 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Casino / Sibaya Outfall Sewer 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Matebula Road Umlaas Trunk sewer Augmentation 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Kennedy Road P/S Pumpset 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Kennedy Road Raising Main river Crossing 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Point Rd Pump Station 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Amanzimtoti WTW 25 Ml/d transfer to SWTW 5.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 Block Sum Pipe Replacement 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 Block Sum Pump Stations 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 Block Sum WTW 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 Sludge Study 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sub-Aqueous Tunnel 40.0 61.5 20.0 0.0 Verulam WTW - Upgrade & Ext of Works 10.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 Upgrading of FBR 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Phoenix WTW Effluent Transfer 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 Brickhill Road sewer replacement 0.0 5.0 10.0 0.0 Replacemnt of Blower Equipment 0.0 4.0 3.0 0.0 Richmond Farm Collector Sewer 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 Phoenix WTW - Nutrient removal 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0



Sludge handling & storage facility @ Northern WTW 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Umhlatuzana Tunnel Rehabilitation 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 Effingham Steel Trunk 0.0 2.0 4.0 0.0 Phoenix WTW extension EIA 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 Hillcrest WTW Sludge handling 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 Hammersdale Trunk Relay 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 Umhlatuzana WTW Drainage 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Canelands 1 Pump Station pump casings 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lakeview Road Pump Station Overflow 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Far North Pump Station Security gate & wall 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Warner Doone Pump Station Roof Enclosure 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mech/Elec upgrade at Pump Station B 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 Mech/Elec upgrade at Pump Station C 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 Mech/Elec upgrade at Pump Station D 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 Phoenix WTW - HOW Mech screen 0.0 0.4 1.2 0.0 Woodlands Tunnel Rehabilitation 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 Marigold Pump Station Capacity Upgrade 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 NWTW - Road works 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 NWTW - Refurbish archimedian screw pumps 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 Vitner pump station crawl beam 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lovu pump station crawl beam 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mshayasafe Collector Sewers 0.0 0.5 2.0 0.0 Hammarsdale WTW secondary set tank ring beam 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0

Installation of Handrails @ Armstrong Av,Shellborne Av, Portland Cres & Eastmore Cres Pump Stations 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 Naidoville sewer reticulation 13.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 St Wendolins sewer reticulation 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sanctuary Place sewer reticulation 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O'Connor Road sewer reticulation 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Winkelspruit Sewer Reticulation 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Umdloti South 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Block Sum 6.0 5.0 7.0 0.0 Ipahala Road Sewer Upsizing 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Shallcross Primary School Sewer Extension 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.0 Clermont Sewer Rehabilitation 0.0 4.0 7.0 0.0 Shallcross Sewer Rehabilitation 0.0 2.0 8.0 0.0 Langalibalele Sewer Reticulation 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 White City Reticulation 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 Sunset Walk Sewer Reticulation 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.0 Newtown A Reticulation 0.0 2.5 3.0 0.0 Westville Sewer Reticulation Phase 4 Stage 3 0.0 0.2 1.6 0.0 Madiba Valley sewer reticulation 0.0 3.0 8.0 2.0 Savannah Park sewer reticulation 0.0 3.0 8.5 3.0 Newtown C Reticulation 0.0 2.0 6.0 0.0 Worldsview Sewer Reticulation 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 Amanzimtoti Old Main Road Sewer reticulation 0.0 1.0 3.5 0.0 Thokoza and Mfongozi sanitation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Burlington Drive Sewer Extension 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.0 Juba Place sewer relay - Elevated/ crossing 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 100 Loon Rd sewer relay - Elevated/crossing 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0



Village Road sewer reticulation 0.0 0.5 3.5 0.0 Motala Road Sewer Augmentation 0.0 0.5 1.0 2.5 88 Nizam Rd sewer realignment 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 139 Road 734 sewer realignment 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 88 Collier Rd sewer realignment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Combi Courts Rd 505 sewer realignment 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

129 Cato Rd sewer connection - realignment and raising of St Augustines sewers 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0

45 Kapota Street sewer realignment 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 14 Poppy Place sewer realignment 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 137/157 Cato Rd sewer relay 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 93 Ribbon Rd sewer relay and protection works 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 85 Loon Rd sewer realignment 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 100 Loon Rd sewer relay 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 71 Greendale Rd, Silverglen sewer relay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bellamont Road Umhloti 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 TOTAL WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT 123.4 158.4 119.3 7.5 WATER 2004/2005 2005/2006 2006/2007 Balance to

Complete

Rural Water & Sanitation Health & Hygiene Education Programme 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.0

Water Education in Urban areas 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 Waterloss 20.0 20.0 20.0 0.0 Domestic Meters 7.0 10.5 11.0 0.0 Telemetry 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 Motor Control Centre 2.5 2.6 2.8 0.0 Pumps 2.0 2.1 2.2 0.0 Post Chlorination 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 Reservoir Improvements 2.0 2.1 2.2 0.0 Pump Station Upgrading 2.0 2.1 2.2 0.0 B/Fly valves 2.0 2.1 2.2 0.0 Upgrade Large Chambers 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 Capital Improvement of water Works 1.5 1.6 1.7 0.0 Replacement of Bulk Mains 3.0 3.2 3.3 0.0 Bridge Refurbishment 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 Bulk Sales Meters 2.0 2.1 2.2 0.0 Automation of Bulk supply 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 Capital Works Tunnels 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 Borehole Improvements 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0

Bulk water supply Mkhizwana & Maphephetani & Ekukanyani ( DWAAF) 20.0 7.0 0.0 0.0

Magabeni Bulks 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Zwelimbovu T/Main 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Inlet to Mamba Ridge 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Welbedacht T/Main 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Western Aquaduct 0.0 0.0 60.0 0.0 Cato Ridge Inlet 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SCA Line 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Steel Relocations 3.0 10.5 11.0 0.0 Nwabi bulks 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0


WATER 2004/2005 2005/2006 2006/2007 Balance to Complete

Umbumbulu Bulks 5.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 Adams Mission Bulks 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 Mamba to Lma 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 Ogujiji Bulks 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 Nyaninga Reservoir 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 Nyaninga Inlet 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 Frasers Res 3mg 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 Inlet to Frasers 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Emona res 3mg 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 Belvedere Tower - 100kl & P/sta 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 Etafuleni res 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Inlet to Etafuleni 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Inlet to Lma & P/sta 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 P4 Outlet 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 Hafajee Outlet 4.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 Grange Pump upgrade 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Waterloo Outlet to Umdloti 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 Umdloti Res 0.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 Umdloti Res to La Mercy Res Pipeline 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 Outlet from P6 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 Outlet to Buffelsdraai 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mount View Outlet 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 Oginjini Res 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 Oginjini Res Outlet 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 Outlet from Lma 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 Inlet to Panorama Park 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sherwood Supply 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 Westville Triangle 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 Cresthome Res. 0.0 3.0 5.0 0.0 Inlet to Cresthome Res. 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 Westriding Inlet 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Inlet to res. Alverstan Nek 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 Psta supply to Botha's Hill 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 Shongweni Water Supply 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 Cathodic Protection - New Works 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.0 Cathodic Protection - Investigations 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.0 Mvini Water & Sanitation 2.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 Mtatha Water & Sanitation 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Nonoti Water & Sanitation 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 Shiyabazali Water & Sanitation 0.0 1.2 1.9 0.0 Mhali Water & Sanitation 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 Phindela Water & Sanitation 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Zwelisha Water & Sanitation 0.4 4.0 0.0 0.0 Mkhazini Water & Sanitation 0.2 1.9 1.9 0.0 Ekukanyeni Water & Sanitation 2.8 2.3 0.0 0.0 Mjondolo Water & Sanitation 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Upper Maphepheteni Water & Sanitation 3.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 Lower Maphepheteni Water & Sanitation 7.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 Nwabi Water & Sanitation 9.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 Emasomini Water & Sanitation 0.8 1.2 0.0 0.0


WATER 2004/2005 2005/2006 2006/2007 Balance to Complete

Lower Molweni Water & Sanitation 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 Umbumbulu Water & Sanitation 8.3 12.5 5.1 0.0 Mkizwana Water & Sanitation 1.1 3.7 0.0 0.0 Odidini Water & Sanitation 1.7 9.0 1.5 0.0 Amagcino Water & Sanitation 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mophela Water & Sanitation 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Rain Water Harvesting - Mkhizwana 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Crowder Rural Water & Sanitation 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Bhekulwandle Rural Water & Sanitation 0.0 2.0 10.0 0.0 Mabedlane Water & Sanitation 0.0 2.0 6.0 0.0 Inthuthuko Water & Sanitation 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 KwaSondela Water & Sanitation 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 Siweni Rural Water & Sanitation 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 Adams Misssion Rural Water & Sanitation 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 Empushini /Sawpits 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Unicity Water Dispensers installation (Blocksum) 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.0 Zwelimbovu Water & Sanitation 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Embo Water & Sanitation 4.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 Emalangeni Sanitation project 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 Ntshongweni Sanitation Porject 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ngcolosi R (W&S) 8.0 8.1 0.0 0.0 Mophela (W&S) 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 Mnanontengayo (W&S) 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Magabeni (W&S) 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mbovu (W&S) 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maqadini Sanitation 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mtamafana - Ntuzuma 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Kwamgaga - Umlazi 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Parkgate 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mount Royal 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Labour Based Construction - Housing 31.9 52.5 55.1 0.0 Rezoning 8.0 8.4 8.8 0.0 Private Development 8.0 8.4 8.8 0.0 Relays & Extension 22.0 23.1 24.3 0.0 WATER - Plant & Equipment Block Sum 17.3 30.6 32.5 0.0 TOTAL WATER 328.3 312.8 345.9 0.0

2004/2005 2005/2006 2006/2007

Balance to Complete

TOTAL WATER AND SANITATION 451.7 471.2 465.1 7.5

10.3 Provision of basic water and sanitation services The following estimates apply to the provision of basic services:-

Description Calculation Total Basic water to rural

31000 @ R 2500 per unit

R 77 500 000


Description Calculation Total households Basic sanitation to rural households

84000 @ R4500 per unit

R 378 000 000

Toilets blocks to serve household in informal settlements

980 @ R 300 000 per toilet block

R 294 000 000

Extension of water and sanitation infrastructure to developed lots

5000 @ R 20 000 per house

R 100 000 000

Add contingency to provide basic services to new households moving into the area

R 50 500 000

Total budget estimate R 900 000 000


SECTION 11 : WSDP Auditing and Monitoring 11.1 Annual Report Format The Municipal Systems Act 2000 makes it obligatory for municipalities to render services in an effective, efficient, and economical manner. In order to provide a benchmark for the delivery of water services, the Strategic Framework (September 2003) provides a list of Key Performance Indicators which all water services authorities are required to report on annually, which focuses on “access to services”, “quality of services provided”, “free basic services provided:, “affordability”, “metering efficiency” and “quality of water discharged”. The City Water Managers Forum has further developed this benchmarking exercise for the purpose of:

• Learning about comparative performance of water services in the

major urban areas

• Identifying best practices for emulation by other cities

• Identifying areas for improvement and

• Producing a document that integrates the Strategic Framework

Indicators with Water, Wastewater, Financial and Business indicators.

Reporting will be done annually for the financial year (July to June) using these spreadsheets.

11.2 Report for Year Ending 30 June 2004. The format of the report is being developed and will be refined over time at the City Water Managers Forum. The report for year ending 30 June 2004 is submitted below. Some of the data is acknowledged as being estimates only and included as sample data to test the reporting style and spreadsheet calculations. It is the intention to improve the accuracy of the data as improved key statistics become available.


v2.1a KEY STATISTICS - WATER SERVICES

A Status

1 Status of data

2 last edited by: MPS and GR on 16-Sep-04 3 for: eThekwini for FYend: 30-Jun-04 4 Contact: Neil Macleod 5 Position: Head: Water and Sanitation 6 E-mail: [email protected] 7 Tel: 031-302-4600

B Activities C Support services Comments:

1

TRUE 1 metering:

4 in-house and contractors

2 TRUE 2 billing: 1 municipal treasury (corporate) 3 TRUE 3 Finance, HR, IT 3

4 TRUE 4 Call centre 3

D Staffing (as at FYend) Comments 1 head-office staff (Finance, HR, IT etc) n 302 2 customer services & revenue collection n 3 bulk water staff n - 4 water distribution staff (incl reservoir and pump st) n 535 5 wastewater collection staff (including pump st) n 465 6 bulk wastewater staff n 378 7 other (for example, tanker services) n 24 total staff complement n 1,704 all permanent staff and excluding vacancies, contractors and students 8 staff exits during year n 85 resignations, retirements, deaths

E Connections & pipe length 1 Domestic piped water connections: n 536,623 registered or formalised connections to consumers only 2 Total piped water connections: n 568,122 registered or formalised connections to consumers only 3 Domestic water meters n 373,168 registered or formalised connections to consumers only 4 Total water meters (retail only) n 392,184 registered or formalised connections to consumers only 5 Domestic sewer connections 381,093 registered or formalised connections to consumers only 6 Total sewer connections n 407,483 registered or formalised connections to consumers only 7 Length of water distribution network km 12,575 length of total water piped network -- from distribution reservoirs to consumers 8 Length of wastewater collection network km 8,785 length of wastewater collection network -- from consumer to WWTW/Outfall

F Volumes 1Volume of water treated (in-house) Ml/d 16.0 water treated in own treatment works, annual average 2Volume of treated water purchased Ml/d 782.1 treated water purchased from another institution, annual average 3Volume of wastewater produced Ml/d 500.0 total wastewater flowing into treatment work and outfalls 4Volume of wastewater treated (in-house) Ml/d 465.0 5Wastewater treatment capacity (in-house) Ml/d 720.0


6Volume of wastewater exported/treated (external) Ml/d - exported or treated in terms of a contract with an external party 7Volume of wastewater recycled/reclaimed Ml/d 35.0 comment: one contract - Durban Water Recycling Pty Ltd D7b 8Volume of water metered and distributed million kl pa 194.3 to end consumer; sum of billed volumes, excludes unmetered, deemed consumptions

Deemed consumption million kl pa - comment: all low-pressure ground tanks are metered 9Volume of water distributed million kl pa 285.5 estimate of total volume distributed, including unmetered, deemed consumptions

10Tons sludge produced tons pa 37,906 on dry ton basis G Operations and quality

1Bursts and leaks (water network) n pa 54,286 occurrences of pipe bursts / leaks incl valves & hydrants (excl connections & meters) 2Blockages (wastewater network) n pa 48,489 occurrences of spills 3Length of wastewater network cleaned km 65.0 as part of planned maintenance and NOT emergencies 4water samples tested n pa 3,600 total 5Drinking water SABS 241 compliance % samples 98.6%% samples meeting e-coli standard. 6Effluent samples tested n pa 1,098 total 7Standard to meet type Standard 2 8Final effluent quality compliance % samples 94%% samples meeting all standards (flow weighted). 9Tons sludge not meeting standard tons pa 2,000 on dry ton basis.

H Management 1Number of personal computers & laptops n 900 2Overtime worked person-days 59,000 (one person day = 8 hours) 3Number of disabling injuries n 61

v2.1a FINANCIAL DATA - from financial statements, in R million and exclusive of VAT status:5 - submitted to CWMF eThekwini Fyend: 30-Jun-04 last edited: 16-Sep-04

IN INCOME R million (from Income Statement, accrued) Water Sanitation Total 1 Income from tariffs and charges 1,087.00 96.00 1,183.00 2 Rates income allocated to service 62.00 225.00 287.00 3 Revenue from by-products 3.00 - 3.00 (revenue from sale of wastewater, sludge etc.) 4 Other water related income 125.90 - 125.90 (includes operating grants but not capital grants) TOTAL INCOME 1,277.90 321.00 1,598.90

EX EXPENSES Breakdown of pure operating costs (Rm) check=0 (from Income Statement, accrued) R million bulk water wastewater bulk overheads billing/ TOTAL Water Sanitation Total water reticulation collection wastewater customer 1 TOTAL EXPENDITURE 1,277.90 321.34 1,599.24 (incl reservoirs (incl pump stns) (incl treatment) managemnt & pumpstations) (excl tankers) 2 Salaries, wages and related 132.10 113.63 245.73 42.90 49.00 31.40 110.63 11.80 245.73 - 3 Maintenance 79.50 19.04 98.54 29.30 10.04 9.00 50.20 98.54 -


4 General expenses (total) 811.20 93.68 904.88 of which 5 -- chemicals 0.30 4.01 4.31 0.30 4.01 4.31 - 6 -- energy 8.40 12.16 20.56 8.40 4.41 7.75 20.56 - 7 -- raw water purchases - - Note: raw water purchases are excluded from pure operating cost 8 -- treated water purchases 690.80 690.80 Note: bulk water purchases are excluded from pure operating cost 9 -- wastewater treatment (external) - - Note: external wastewater export / treament costs are excluded from pure operating cost -- other general expenses 111.70 77.51 189.21 111.70 10.50 31.75 35.26 189.21 - - 192.60 73.95 83.91 196.09 11.80 558.35 10 Interest expenses 120.90 58.68 179.58 11 Depreciation expenses 77.70 36.31 114.01 12 Contributions/provisions 56.50 56.50 Note: these include provisions for bad debt Other expenses 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 Note: These should equal zero

OFD OTHER FINANCIAL DATA

CAPITAL BUDGET AND SPENDING

1 Capital budget requested 379.70

2 Capital budget received 379.70 3 Capital spending (actual spent) 363.30 - 235.50 115.53 12.27 - - of which system expansion 53.70 113.10 6.00 of which system rehabilitation and replacement 181.80 2.43 6.27 bulk w w reticulation ww collection ww treatment overheads billing/cust FINANCING 4 Internal loans 52.50 External loans 258.30 Direct from contributions (operating account) - 5 Grants received for capital items 52.50 DETAILED EXPENDITURE ITEMS 6 Meter reading cost R million 10.00 total cost of meter reading (extracted as a detailed item from within above expenditure) 7 Billing cost R million 25.10 total cost of preparing and sending bills (excluding metering cost) (extracted as a detailed item from within above expenditure)8 Training expenditure R million 3.00 includes internal training costs (trainer salaries, but not trainee salaries)

CASH COLLECTION - exclusive of VAT comments on allocations of moneys received: 9 Cash collected (water tariffs and charges) 1,179.3 10 Cash collected (sanitation tariffs and charges) 52.2 CUSTOMER DEBT Comments: 11 Total outstanding customer debt (water) - before provisions 551.1 12 Net customer debt (water) - after provisions 394.8 13 Total outstanding customer debt (sanitation) - before prov 12.3 Total outstanding customer debt (sanitation) - after prov 12.0 FINANCIAL AUDIT Are WS accounts audited separately? 14 Data comes from audited financial statements? Yes yes, audited separately. 15 Date audited statements received 01/01/2004


v2.1a KEY INDICATORS - WATER for eThekwini edited 16-Sep-04 FYend 30-Jun-04

BW BULK WATER TRUE Comments 1 Treated water produced Ml/d 16 2 Employees per 100 Ml/day capacity no per 100Ml/day - 3 Drinking water SABS 241 E-coli standard % 99% 4 Operating cost (excl raw&bulk pur, I, D, contri) c/kl - 5 salaries and wages c/kl - 6 maintenance c/kl - 7 chemicals c/kl - 8 energy c/kl - 9 general c/kl - Operating cost (% breakdown) 10 salaries and wages % 11 maintenance % 12 chemicals % 13 energy % 14 general %

WD WATER DISTRIBUTION TRUE 1 Number of water connections n 568,122 2 Length of water network km 12,575 3 Length of network per employee km / employee 23.5 4 Staff (distribution) per 1000 connections n / 1000 connections 0.9 5 Network density (inverse) m / connection 22.1 6 Meter coverage connection 69% 7 Metering efficiency metered / supplied (%) 67% 8 Bursts /leaks frequency n/100 km of pipe pa 432 9 Operating cost (excl raw&bulk pur, I, D, contri) R/connection pm 28.25 10 salaries and wages R/connection pm 6.29 11 maintenance R/connection pm 4.30 12 energy R/connection pm 1.23 13 general R/connection pm 16.38 14 Operating cost R/km pa 15,316 15 Operating cost c/kl 67 Operating cost (% breakdown) 16 salaries and wages % 22% 17 maintenance % 15% 18 energy % 4% 19 general % 58%


v2.1a WASTEWATER INDICATORS for eThekwini edited 16-Sep-04 FYend 30-Jun-04 Comments

BWW BULK WASTEWATER TRUE 1 Volume of wastewater treated (in-house) Ml/day 465 2 Required effluent standard Standard 3 Employees per 100 Ml/day capacity n per 100Ml / day 53 4 Capacity utilisation % treatment capacity 65% 5 Final effluent quality compliance % samples (flow weighted) 94% 6 Wastewater discharge not treated % ww produced 7% 7 Sludge produced not meeting standard % of dry tons produced 5% 8 Operating cost (excl Int, Dep, contrib, other) c/kl 49.4 9 salaries and wages c/kl 18.5 10 maintenance c/kl 5.3 11 chemicals c/kl 2.4 12 energy c/kl 4.6 13 general c/kl 18.7 Operating cost (% breakdown) 14 salaries and wages % 37% 15 maintenance % 11% 16 chemicals % 5% 17 energy % 9% 18 general % 38% 19 wastewater recycling/reclamation % ww produced 7% 20 value of sale of by-products % income 0.00%

WWC WASTEWATER COLLECTION TRUE 1 Number of sewer connections n 407,483 2 Length of sewer network km 8,785 3 Length of network per employee km / employee 18.89 4 Staff (collection) per 1000 connections n / 1000 connections 1.1 5 Network density (inverse) m / connection 21.6 6 Blockages frequency per 100 km pipe per year 552 7 Network cleaning (planned) % of total network 1% 8 Operating cost (excl Int, Dep, contrib, other) R per connection pm 15.12 9 salaries and wages R/connection pm 10.02 10 maintenance R/connection pm 2.05 11 energy R/connection pm 0.90 12 general R/connection pm 2.15 13 Operating cost (excl Int, Dep, contrib, other) R per km pa 8,418 14 Operating cost (excl Int, Dep, contrib, other) c/kl 44 Operating cost (% breakdown) 15 salaries and wages % 66% 16 maintenance % 14% 17 energy % 6% 18 general % 14%


v2.1a FINANCIAL INDICATORS for: eThekwini edited 16-Sep-04 FYend 30-Jun-04

AUDIT 1 Data from audited financial statements? Yes

REVENUES 2 Total revenue R million pa 1,599 3 Average water revenue R/kl water distributed 4.48 4 Average wastewater revenue R/kl wastewater produced 1.76 5 Average water revenue R / connection pm 159 EXPENSES Breakdown of total expenditure 6 Salaries expenses % ttl expenditure 15% 7 Maintenance expenses % ttl expenditure 6% 8 Interest expenses % ttl expenditure 11% Breakdown of water expenditure 9 Salaries expenses % water exp 10% 10 Maintenance expenses % water exp 6% 11 Interest expenses % water exp 9% Breakdown of sanitation expenditure 12 Salaries expenses % sanitation exp 35% 13 Maintenance expenses % sanitation exp 6% 14 Interest expenses % sanitation exp 18% DEBTORS & CASH COLLECTION 15 Debtor days - water (total debt; before provisions) days 185 Debtor days - water (net debt; after provisions) days 133 16 Debtor days - sanitation days 47 17 Collection efficiency (water) cash collection / billed charges 108% 18 Collection efficiency (sanitation) cash collection / billed charges 54% CAPITAL 19 Total capital spending for year R million 363 20 Capital expenditure % annual revenue 23% 21 Capital spending from internal resources % total capital spend 71% 22 Bulk water capital expenditure Rm per Ml/d - 23 Bulk wastewater capital expenditure Rm / Ml/d 0.03 24 Retail water capital expenditure R / connection 415 25 Wastewater collection capital expenditure R / connection 284


v2.1a BUSINESS INDICATORS for: eThekwini edited 16-Sep-04 FYend 30-Jun-04

ADDITION INPUT DATA COMMENTS Metering and billing 1 Number of water meters read in the year n pa 4,085,000 2 Number of water bills sent in the year n pa 4,512,000 3 Number of estimated water bills sent in year n pa 350,000 Complaints and queries 4 Written queries/complaints received (all types) n pa 2,300 5 Telephonic queries/complaints received (all types) n pa 720,000 MANAGEMENT 6 Audit completed within 6 months? Yes 7 % capital budget spent % of budget 105% 8 PCs per 100 employees n / 100 staff 52.8 9 Staff turnover % 5.0% 10 Overtime worked % std time 13% 11 Disabling Injury Incidence Rate DIIR 3.3 SUPPORT SERVICES AND TRAINING 12 Finance, HR, IT done by … in-house 13 Overhead costs as % "pure" opex 35% 14 Meter reading done by … mixed 15 Meter reading cost R / meter read 2.45 16 Billing done by… treasury 17 Billing cost R / bill sent 5.56 18 Training expenses % of salary exp 1%

CUSTOMER SERVICES - ACCOUNTS 19 Total customers (water) n 568,122 20 Billing frequency (water) days 51 21 Proportion bills estimated (water) % of bills sent 8%

CUSTOMER INTERACTION 22 Consumer queries and complaints - written n / 1000 water consumers 4 23 Consumer queries and complaints - telephonic n / 1000 water consumers 1,267

CUSTOMER SERVICES - RESPONSE TIMES

Enter compliance performance where possible … TARGET 24 From metering to billing 15 days % compliance 99 25 to answer calls 30 seconds % compliance 95 26 to reply to written account queries 72 hours % compliance 90 27 to water bursts/leaks (mains) 48 hours % compliance 100 28 to water bursts/leaks (connections) 4 days % compliance 100


29 to sewer blockages 24 hours % compliance 90 30 to water connection request 15 days % compliance 65 31 to sewer connection request 15 days % compliance 99

Confidence in compliance data TARGET SEE TABLE BELOW 32 From metering to billing very reliable % confidencereliable 33 to answer calls very reliable % confidencereliable 34 to reply to written account queries very reliable % confidencereliable 35 to water bursts/leaks (mains) very reliable % confidencereliable 36 to water bursts/leaks (connections) very reliable % confidencereliable 37 to sewer blockages very reliable % confidencereliable 38 to water connection request very reliable % confidencereliable 39 to sewer connection request very reliable % confidencereliable Confidence in data - REFERENCE TABLE system in place to measure and report, highly reliable very reliable system in place to measure and report, fairly reliable reliable system in place to measure and report, not yet reliable not reliable no system in place to routinely measure and report no system v2.1a STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK KPIs for: eThekwini edited 16-Sep-04 FYend 30-Jun-04 Comments Total households in area (at year end) n 780,500

1 access to water Households without basic water services - year start n 83,500 Households without basic water services - year end n 73,500

1a % reduction in households without basic water in year 12% 1b remaining backlog - water 9%

2 access to sanitation Households without basic water services - year beginning n 195,500 Households without basic water services - year end n 187,500

2a % reduction in households without basic sanitation in year 4% 2b remaining backlog - sanitation 24% 3 water quality total households receiving piped water n 536,623

3a households receiving piped water not meeting standards n 7,512 3b and as % receiving piped water % 1.40% 4 continuity of water supply

4a

number of households experiencing inadequate continuity of supply (interruptions > 48h per incident or > 15days in total) n 274


4b and as % receiving piped water % 0.05% 5 free basic water provided 5a number of domestic households who pay for a basic service n 0 5b and as % total households % 0.00% 6 free sanitation provided 6a number of domestic households who pay for a basic service n 0 6b and as % total households % 0.00% 7 affordability 7a water debt, expressed as debtor days n 185 7b sanitation debt, expressed as debtor days n 47 8 metering efficiency

8 proportion of total water (abstracted and/or purchases) which is supplied and metered % 67%

9 quality of treated wastewater discharged 9a volume treated not meeting treatment standard Ml/d 27.9 9b and as % total treated % 6%


SECTION 12 : SUMMARY OF KEY ACTIONS No. Key Actions By When 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.0 4.1 4.2 5.0 5.1 6.0 6.1

Section 3 – The framework within which the WSDP has been prepared Update Population projections based on 2001 census, latest AIDS scenario projections, and other relevant current data sets. Update information about the economy using data supplied by the City’s Corporate Policy Unit. Review the WSDP against an updated record of any changes to relevant National Legislation and associated strategies for the water services sector. Develop the detailed Planning and Delivery components of the WSDP, and associated Financial Plans, as Regional and Local Spatial Development plans are developed Section 4 – Key Policies Review, Update and align the policies for the supply of water services and charging / tariff mechanisms with any changes in National and Provincial legislation and strategies. Carry out a review of Sanitation Guidelines, update, and amend as necessary

Section 5 – Backlogs Update backlog projections on an annual basis. Section 6- Planning and Delivery Evaluate progress on the provision of basic water and sanitation by means of monthly and annual report,

December 2004

December 2004

Ongoing

Outer West -March 2005 Northern area -April 2005

Ongoing

December 2004

March 2005

Ongoing

On going

Outer West March 2005


No. Key Actions By When 6.2 6.3 6.4 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 8.0 8.1

Revise and extend planning as Regional and Local Spatial Development Plans become available. Develop a procedure and practice to assess and prioritize replacement, rehabilitation and maintenance needs Develop a replacement, rehabilitation and maintenance works programme and budget for priority areas Section 7 –Research projects and supporting plans Evaluate feasibility of raising sanitation charges based on water consumption. On-going evaluations of short and medium term sludge disposal solutions and current disposal / storage practices. Water loss – 80% of all water purchased monitored and accounted for. Evaluate feasibility of increasing flows for treatment at the industrial water plant. Monitor success of Water Re-use agricultural project and evaluate feasibility of replicating at other sites. Complete pilot study on pit emptying techniques and cost and finalise free basic sanitation policy. Establish a dedicated pollution and environment function and conclude agreement on responsibilities with relevant authorities. Section 8 – Institutional and management plans Placement of all staff to new organogram.

Northern Area April 2005

June 2005

First area by June 2006

January 2006

Ongoing/urgent

March 2008

June 2005

June 2006

March 2005

December 2004

September 2004

March 2005

June 2005


No. Key Actions By When 8.2 8.3

Identification, funding, advertising, and filling of subsequent “key” vacancies especially technical positions. Review institutional arrangements for the provision of water in the greater eThekwini areas


SECTION 13 : ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

13.1 Abbreviations DWAF – Department of Water Affairs and Forestry EBU – Electronic Bailiff Unit ETM – eThekwini Municipality EMMA – eThekwini Municipality Metropolitan Area EWS – eThekwini Water and Sanitation Unit GIS – Geographical Information System IDP – Integrated Development Plan LTDF – Long Term Development Framework NRW – Non Revenue Water PRV – Pressure Reducing valve RWS – Rural Water Services SDF – Spacial Development Framework UD – Urine Diversion Toilet VIP – Ventilated Improved Pit WSA – Water Services Authority WSDP – Water Services Development Plan WSP – Water Services Provider WTW – Wastewater Treatment Works

13.2 References 1. eThekweni Municpality Integrated Development Plan 2002 - 2006 ,

dated Dec 2002


2. eThekweni Municpality Integrated Development Plan 2003 - 2007,dated June 2003.

3. National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998) 4. Water Services Act (Act No. 108 of 1997) 5. Strategic Framework for Water Services - September 2003 6. Water Tariffs 2004 / 2005 7. Sewage Disposal tariffs 2004 / 2005 8. Water Services Development Plan , Volume 1 , Report on Status Quo

Investigations, dated April 1999 9. Area Business Plan for the Provision of Basic Water and Sanitation in

the eThekweni Municipality, June 2003 submitted to DWAF under cover of letter dated 27 August 2003

10. 1998 Wastewater Disposal Study Review and Wastewater Strategic

Plan 2002. Volumes 1 and 2 dated January 2004 11. Unit Guidelines 12. Water Policy dated June 2004

VOLUME 2 - Durban - The Official Website of the eThekwini Municipality

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