Volume 1 - WriteMath...

** Science Grammar Introduction I

Volume 1

(Grade 4)

Real-World Language Arts

that students

understand ______________________________

Kathryn Robinson

WriteMath Enterprises Inc.

1

The student pages in this publication are designed to be used with appropriate duplicating equipment to reproduce copies for permission classroom use only. WriteMath Enterprises, Inc. grants to classroom teachers only to reproduce these student sheets for students in one class per year per book purchased by the school or the teacher him/herself. Copyright © 2002, 2012 WriteMath Enterprises All rights reserved – Printed in the U.S.A. Published by WriteMath Enterprises 2303 Marseille Ct., Ste 104 Valrico, FL 33596

Just Science Grammar - 4th Grade www.WriteMath.com

** Science Grammar Introduction V

Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................. III Contents ...................................................................................................................... VIII Declarative Sentence Information ................................................................................... 2 Interrogative Sentence Information ................................................................................ 3 Week 1: Declarative & Interrogative Sentences .............................................................. 4 Science: Matter, Atoms, & Molecules Exclamatory Sentence Information ................................................................................. 8 Imperative Sentence Information .................................................................................... 9 Week 2:Exclamatory & Imperative Sentences ............................................................. 10 Science: Atom, Molecules, & States of Matter Sentence Information .................................................................................................... 14 Simple & Compound Subject Information ................................................................... 15 Week 3: Simple & Compound Subjects ........................................................................ 16 Science: Energy Predicate Information .................................................................................................... 20 Week 4: Compound Predicates ..................................................................................... 21 Science: Conversion of Energy Coordinating Conjunctions Information ....................................................................... 25 Week 5: Coordinating Conjunctions ............................................................................. 26 Science: Conversion of Energy, Electricity, and Magnetism Noun Information .......................................................................................................... 30 Week 6: Nouns .............................................................................................................. 31 Just Science Grammar - 4th Grade www.WriteMath.com

** Science Grammar Introduction VI

Science: Fossil Fuels Common Noun Information .......................................................................................... 35 Proper Noun Information .............................................................................................. 36 Week 7: Common & Proper Nouns............................................................................... 37 Science: Renewable Energy Singular Noun Information ........................................................................................... 41 Plural Noun Information ............................................................................................... 42 Week 8: Singular & Plural Nouns ................................................................................. 43 Science: Force, Gravity, Velocity, & Speed Action Verb Information ............................................................................................... 47 Week 9: Action Verbs ................................................................................................... 49 Science: Work, Acceleration, Momentum, & Simple Machines Linking Verb Information ............................................................................................. 53 Week 10: Action & Linking Verbs ............................................................................... 55 Science: Simple Machines Helping Verb Information ............................................................................................. 59 Week 11: Helping & Main Verbs .................................................................................. 61 Science: Sound & Waves Week 12: Action, Linking, Helping, & Main Verbs ..................................................... 65 Science: Types of Rock Verb Tense: Present, Past, & Future Information ......................................................... 69 Verb Form Information ................................................................................................. 70 Week 13: Verb Tenses ................................................................................................... 71 Science: Rock Cycle, Weathering, & Erosion Irregular Verbs Information .......................................................................................... 75 Just Science Grammar - 4th Grade www.WriteMath.com

** Science Grammar Introduction VII

Week 14: Irregular Verbs .............................................................................................. 79 Science: Water Cycle Week 15: Verb Forms .................................................................................................... 83 Science: Weathering Subject-Verb Agreement Information .......................................................................... 87 Week 16: Subject-Verb Agreement ............................................................................... 88 Science: Soil Pronoun Information ..................................................................................................... 92 Week 17: Pronouns ........................................................................................................ 94 Science: Conservation Pronoun-Verb Agreement Information ......................................................................... 98 Week 18: Pronoun-Verb Agreement ............................................................................. 99 Science: Earth’s Rotation & Seasons Adjective Information ................................................................................................. 103 Week 19: Adjectives .................................................................................................... 106 Science: Moon, Phases of the Moon, & Tides Adverb Information ..................................................................................................... 110 Week 20: Adverbs ....................................................................................................... 113 Science: Sun & Jupiter Comparative & Superlative Adjective Information .................................................... 117 Special Adjective Information .................................................................................... 119 Week 21: Comparative & Superlative Adjectives ...................................................... 120 Science: Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, & Pluto Comparative & Superlative Adverb Information ....................................................... 124 Week 22: Comparative & Superlative Adverbs .......................................................... 126 Just Science Grammar - 4th Grade www.WriteMath.com

** Science Grammar Introduction VIII

Science: Cells, Tissue, Organs, & Systems Preposition Information .............................................................................................. 130 Week 23: Prepositions ................................................................................................. 131 Science: Producers, Consumers, Herbivores, Carnivores, & Omnivores Prepositional Phrases Information .............................................................................. 135 Week 24: Prepositional Phrases .................................................................................. 136 Science: Decomposers, Decay, & Nitrogen Cycle Possessive Noun Information ...................................................................................... 140 Week 25: Possessive Nouns ........................................................................................ 142 Science: Food Chains Possessive Pronoun Information ................................................................................. 146 Week 26: Possessive Pronouns ................................................................................... 148 Science: Symbiosis & Mimicry Object Pronoun Information ....................................................................................... 152 Week 27: Object Pronoun............................................................................................ 153 Science: Extinction Demonstrative Adjective Information ........................................................................ 157 Week 28: Demonstrative Adjectives ........................................................................... 158 Science: Interdependence, Changes in Environment Demonstrative Pronoun Information .......................................................................... 162 Week 29: Demonstrative Pronouns ............................................................................. 163 Science: Adaptations Week 30: Review ......................................................................................................... 167 Science: Recycling & Protecting the Environment Answer Sheet ............................................................................................................... 171 Bibliography ................................................................................................................ 183 Just Science Grammar - 4th Grade www.WriteMath.com

**Grammar: Week 1 2

For example:

I declare...

A

makes a statement.

period


**Grammar: Week 1 3

Who did you...?

Where did you...?

?? ?

is a question.

An

question mark

?


**Grammar: Week 1 4

GRAMMAR (Day #1)

Refer to Types of Sentences (pages 2-3). Directions: (CCSS.ELA - L.4.2)

• Copy each sentence. • Add punctuation marks: a period at the end of a declarative statement or a

question mark at the end of a question. • If a sentence is a declarative sentence, write “D”. If a sentence is an

interrogative statement, write “Int”. A. What is matter B. Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space C. Everything in the universe is made of matter D. What are some forms of matter E. Color, size, shape, and mass are properties of an object

made of matter

Bonus: What is the main idea for this page? Just Science Grammar - 4th Grade www.WriteMath.com

http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/L/4/2/

**Grammar: Week 1 5

GRAMMAR (Day #2)




interrogative statement, write “Int”. A. How do you measure an object made of matter B. You can measure an object’s length, width, and height C. You can measure matter with measuring tools such as

rulers, measuring cups, and scales D. All matter has mass E. The mass of an object is the measurement of how much

physical matter the object contains Bonus: What is the main idea for this page?



**Grammar: Week 1 6

GRAMMAR (Day #3)




interrogative statement, write “Int”. A. What is matter made of B. All forms of matter are made up of tiny atoms and

molecules C. Atoms and molecules vibrate constantly D. Can you see atoms E. Atoms cannot be seen with even the strongest

microscopes in your school Bonus: What is the main idea for this page?



**Grammar: Week 1 7

GRAMMAR (Day #4)




interrogative statement, write “Int”.

A. What is the difference between a solid and a liquid B. Matter in its solid state remains in one shape unless

heat or pressure is applied C. Liquids take on the shape of their container D. What is a gas E. Gases are matter made up of tiny atoms and molecules

that are in constant motion filling any space Bonus: What is the main idea for this page?

solids liquid gas



**Grammar: Week 13 69

Today is...

October

10

Yesterdaywas...

October

9

Tomorrow

will be...

October

11

A verb in the shows action that has already happened.

past tense

A verb in the shows action that is happening now or

present tense

A verb in the shows action that will happen.

future tense

We dance wildly.

We will dance at theconcert tomorrow.

They danced yesterday.

Old News

Come & SeeThem Tomorrow

at 7:30 p.m.

happens regularly.

Verb Tenses



The base form of any verb is its infinitive and is preceded by to:

The past participle of regular verbs is formed by adding and is usedwith the helping verbs and

-edhave had:

to dance

have danced

Verb Forms

Regular verbs in the are conjugated in the following way:present tense

dance

dance dance

dancedance

dance

dance

1st person singular: 1st person plural:

2nd person singular: 2nd person plural:

3rd person singular: 3rd person plural:

( ending)No

( ending)No

(Add )-s

( ending)No

( ending)No

( ending)No

For action that is happening now:

Every regular verb in the is conjugated in the following way:past tense

danced

danced danced

danced

danced

danced




For action that already happened: drop ending & add - ed:

Every regular verb in the is conjugated in the following way:future tense




For action that will happen - with or :precede the verb will shall

dance

dance

dancedance

dance

dance

dance



GRAMMAR (Day #1)

Ref er to V erb T enses ( pages 69 - 7 0 ) . Directions: (CCSS.ELA - L.4.1.B)

• Write the letter for each sentence. • List the verbs contained in each sentence. • Write “ Present” after verbs in the present tense, “ Past” after verbs in the

past tense, and “ Future ” after verbs in the future tense.

A. When sedimentary rock was heated and pressurized, it became metamorphic rock.

B. The pressure of water, heat, and layers of Earth

compressed sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock. C. As volcanoes erupt and build mountains, buried rock

becomes sq ueezed and folded. D. This process caused minerals inside rock to form new

minerals. E. After reading this information, you will consider

marble and q uartz two types of metamorphic rock. B onus: What is the main idea for this page?


http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/L/4/1/b/


GRAMMAR (Day #2)




A. The rock cycle occurred for millions of years.

B. The rock cycle will continue for as long as the Earth exists.

C. When rock in the crust melts, it turns into magma and is forced through the crust by volcanic activity.

D. The weather causes rock to undergo chemical changes

and break into fragments or pieces. E. These fragments form sediment. B onus: What is the main idea for this page?




GRAMMAR (Day #3)




A. Erosion and weathering have caused the breakdown of rocks.

B. Erosion and weathering will move rocks from place to

place. C. Rain forces rock fragments to flow down rivers and

streams into deltas ( where the rivers meet a larger body of water).

D. Wind carried rock fragments across deserts and formed them into piles of sediment along lakes and rivers.

E. The rock fragments or sediment become compressed or

sq ueezed together in layers

B onus: What is the main idea for this page?




GRAMMAR (Day #4)




A. As sediment is buried deep under the Earth’s crust, heat and pressure cause it to change into mineral crystals.

B. New crystals formed metamorphic rock. C. Heat from the Earth’s core melts metamorphic rock

into magma. D. Volcanoes will push the magma through the Earth’s

crust.

E. There is no beginning or end to the rock cycle which will continue indefinitely.

B onus: What is the main idea for this page? Just Science Grammar - 4th Grade www.WriteMath.com



bebearbeat (beginbendbetbid (forbid)bind (rebind)bitebleedblowbreakbringbuild (rebuild)burnburstbustbuy

cast (catchchooseclingcome (costcreepcut

dealdigdive (scuba diving)dive (jump head first)do draw (dreamdrinkdrivedwell

browbeat)

broadcast, forecast, overcast, recast)

become, overcome)

(outdo, overdo, redo, undo)overdraw, withdraw)

was/wereborebeat beganbentbet/bettedbidboundbitbledblewbrokebroughtbuiltburnt/burnedburstbust/bustedbought

cast caughtchoseclungcamecostcreptcut

dealtdigdived (scuba diving)

diddrewdreamt/dreameddrankdrovedwelt/dwelled

dove (jump head first)

beenborn/bornebeaten/beat (browbeat)begunbentbet/bettedbidboundbittenbledblownbrokenbrought builtburnt/burnedbustbusted/bustbought

castcaughtchosenclungcomecostcreptcut

dealtdugdiveddiveddonedrawndreamt/dreameddrunkdrivendwelt/dwelled

Irregular VerbsIrregular verbs do not change to the past tense by adding . Their past tense and past participle for the perfect tenses have a different spelling.

-ed

PresentTense

PastTense

PastParticiple



Use

when you are comparing two nouns.comparative adjectives

Use

when you are comparing more than two nouns.superlative adjectives

This bird is behaved than that bird.

better

The parrot is the behaved of all the birds.

best

Comparative & Superlative Adjectives



How do you form &

?comparative superlative

adjectives

Comparative AdjectiveAdjective

Superlative Adjective

Exceptions: good better best bad worse worst many more most

1.-er -est

Most and adjectives add :

one-syllable two-syllableor

smallertallerhappierlazier

smallesttallesthappiestlaziest

Comparative Adjectives

Superlative Adjectives

2.more most

Most adjectives with precede the adjective with or :

two or more syllables

more gracefulmore intelligentmore beautifulmore energetic

most gracefulmost intelligentmost beautifulmost energetic

Comparative Adjectives

Superlative Adjectives



Special Adjectives

1. Articles are special adjectives:

2. Proper adjectives are formed from a proper noun:

3. Adjectives that are already the highest quality cannot be compared:

aanthe

American flagMexican restaurantChinese bankerGerman cheese cake

completedeademptyendlessessentialexact frozenfullhonest

horizontalperfectperpendicularroundspecialsquarestraightuniquevertical

***These words are already of the highest degree. You cannot be than . You can say: or .

more perfect perfectmore nearly most nearly perfect

- in front of singular nouns that begin with a consonant: a cat

- in front of singular nouns that begin with a vowel sound: an apple; an hour

- in front of plural nouns or singular specific nouns: or the games the game in which...

Proper adjectivescapitalize the

proper noun portion.

***



GRAMMAR (Day #1)

Refer to Comparative & Superlative Adjectives (pages 117-119). Directions: (CCSS.ELA - L.4.1.D)

• Write the letter for each question. • List all of the comparative adjectives in each of the following sentences: • Write a “C” after a comparative adjective an “S” after a superlative adjective.

A. Saturn is more well-known for its rings of ice chunks

and rock that rotate around the planet. B. Saturn is nine times larger than Earth. C. Saturn has more moons than most planets: 19. D. Titan is Saturn’s largest moon. E. Titan’s surface is covered with lower temperatures

(-180°C) than we have ever experienced on Earth. Bonus: What is the main idea for this page?


http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/L/4/1/d/


GRAMMAR (Day #2)



A. Uranus is an icy world and much colder than Earth. B. Uranus has 11 rings that are darker than those around

Saturn. C. The latest research shows that Uranus has 11 moons. D. Of all of the planets, Uranus rotates in the most unusual

manner. It rotates on its side. E. Uranus is one of the farthest planets from the Sun. It is

the seventh planet from the Sun. Bonus: What is the main idea for this page?




GRAMMAR (Day #3)



A. Neptune is the Solar System’s stormiest planet. B. Neptune has storms wider than the size of the planet

Earth. C. The four rings on Neptune are thinner than the rings on

Saturn. D. Triton is Neptune’s largest moon. E. The volcanoes on Triton’s surface are colder than

Earth’s volcanoes. Triton’s volcanoes spew liquid nitrogen that looks like nitrogen snow rather than hot, molten lava like volcanoes on Earth.

Bonus: What is the main idea for this page?




GRAMMAR (Day #4)



A. Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system and the

farthest planet from the Sun. B. Pluto’s moon, Charon, is half as large as Pluto. It is

smaller than Saturn’s moon, Titan. C. Pluto’s temperatures are some of the coldest

temperatures (-233°C) in the Solar System. D. Pluto has one of the longest summers in the Universe:

50 years. E. Pluto’s orbit takes more time than that of Earth. It

takes Pluto 238 years to orbit the Sun. Bonus: What is the main idea for this page?

Pluto



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