Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air...
-
Upload
johnathan-turner -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air...
![Page 1: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
VolcanoesVolcanoes
March 2012March 2012
![Page 2: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Eruption TypesEruption Types
• 1. Explosive • ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground
• caused by lots of water and gases trapped in magma
![Page 3: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Eruption TypesEruption Types
• 2. Nonexplosive • lava runs down the slopes of the volcano
![Page 4: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Forming VolcanoesForming Volcanoes
1. Subduction Zone -most volcanoes formed this way
(plate boundary)
-one plate melts as it goes under the other, magma rises upward
![Page 5: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0902/es0902page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization
![Page 6: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Forming VolcanoesForming Volcanoes
2. Hot Spots -located in middle of plates, not boundary
-very thin crust allows magma to rise up, volcano forms, crust moves, starts over
![Page 8: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/egeo2/content/animations/2_6.htm
![Page 9: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Types of VolcanoesTypes of Volcanoes
1. Shield Volcano • Nonexplosive eruptions– Layer upon layer of hardened
lava
• Gradual sloping sides, but can be enormous in size
![Page 11: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mt Etna and Mauna KeaMt Etna and Mauna Kea
Mt. Etna in Italy-notice how broad it is; this volcano is south of Vesuvius on the island of Sicily
Mauna Loa-part of Mauna Kea, which is the largest mountain on Earth when measured from the ocean floor
![Page 12: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Types of VolcanoesTypes of Volcanoes
2. Cinder Cone Volcano • explosive eruptions– Layer upon layer of
pyroclastics
• Erode quickly because they are not “glued” together by lava
![Page 13: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Paricutin-MexicoParicutin-Mexico
Paricutin erupting at night. The volcano ejected materials from a hole in a cornfield until it covered a whole town. The tower from this church is all that is left of town.
![Page 14: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types of VolcanoesTypes of Volcanoes
3. Composite Volcano
(aka: Statro volcano)
• Made from explosive and non-explosive eruptions
• Alternating layers of lava and pyroclastics
![Page 15: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
StratovolcanoesStratovolcanoes
Mt. St. Helens, May 18, 1980
Mt Vesuvius, Italy- notice all of the buildings and people that surround the volcano.
![Page 16: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Predicting EruptionsPredicting Eruptions
• Volcanologists look for:
1. Faults – the Earth cracks when pressure builds up
2. Gases – content and amount of gases
3. Rockfall (RF) – landslides/deformation
4. Volcano Tectonics (VT) – earthquakes in volcano
![Page 17: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Volcanoes and Global CoolingVolcanoes and Global Cooling• Explosive eruptions have released enough
gases and ash into the atmosphere to effect weather globally by blocking the sun’s heat
![Page 19: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Picture TimePicture Time
This is some of the damage from Mt. St. Helens in May of 1980. That is volcanic ash on the right, not snow.
![Page 20: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Iceland, HeimaeyIceland, Heimaey
The people of Iceland live in very close proximity to many volcanoes.
![Page 21: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Iceland-Cold with VolcanoesIceland-Cold with Volcanoes
Volcanoes UNDER the glaciers melt the ice and make glacial lakes.
This is a cinder cone volcano; it just happens to be quiet and snowy for the moment.
![Page 22: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Surtsey, IcelandSurtsey, Iceland
Surtsey appeared off the coast of Iceland in 1963. In four years, the island was 1 sq. mile and had elevations of 560 feet!
![Page 23: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Mt. Etna, ItalyMt. Etna, Italy
This is just a really cool picture of lava from Mt. Etna.
![Page 24: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Pacific Ring of FirePacific Ring of Fire
![Page 26: Volcanoes March 2012. Eruption Types 1. Explosive ejects gases, ash, and pyroclastics shot into air and across ground caused by lots of water and gases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032805/56649ee75503460f94bf85be/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pacific Hot SpotsPacific Hot Spots