VOLCANOES

By Caleb Pothier and Bonita Sanford

~An opening in the earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected.

~A similar opening on the surface of another planet.

~A mountain formed by the materials ejected from a volcano.

What is A Volcano?

http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=volcano

The types Of Volcanoes

~ Shield Volcano

~ Cinder Cone Volcano

~ Composite Volcano

~ Caldera Volcano

~ Fissure Volcano

Shield volcanoes can span across hundreds of miles and they can be huge vertically that they can reach the clouds of earth very easy. Shield volcanoes have

a slow slope and consist of frozen lava after it is hardened. Shield volcanoes almost always have

large craters at their summit.

http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html

Cinder cone volcanoes consist of mostly loose, grainy cinders and have very little to no lava.

Cinder cone volcanoes are normally small about a miles span and about one thousand feet vertically. Cinder cone volcanoes have fairly steep slopes and

normally have a small crater at the top.

http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html

Composite volcanoes have another name called “Strato Volcanoes.” Composite volcanoes consist of

lava that is mixed with sand or gravel which in turn creates cinders or volcanic ash.

http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html

Caldera volcanoes are circular depressions in the ground over a magma chamber. Sometimes the depression in Caldera volcanoes are covered in

with lava and volcanic ash making it hard to recognize. This type of volcano is easier noticed from space due to the distance and view point. When this volcano erupts it can spew volcanic

rocks for miles and miles.http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html

Fissure volcanoes are also hard to recognize from the ground and sometimes from space. Fissure volcanoes have no main crater, the ground just

splits and lava pours out through the cracks. After a fissure volcano erupts and has cooled because it’s

a solid it will look mainly like the plains.

http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html

Types Of Magma

Granite magma consist of light-colored rock and is not as heavy as basalt magma. Granite magma is

very sticky and flows rather slowly.Basalt magma consist of dark-colored rocks and is much heavier then granite magma. It flows more

fluidly then molten granite.

Volcano Environments

~In an island-arc environment, volcanoes lie along the crest of an arcuate.

~In an oceanic environment, volcanoes are aligned along the crest of a broad ridge that

marks an active fracture system in the oceanic crust.

~In the continental environment, volcanoes are located unstable, mountainous belts that

have thick roots of granite or granite like rock.

Where are volcanoes likely to occur?

Volcanoes occur in weak spots in the earth’s crustThere are many volcanoes along the Pacific Ocean.

Many islands in the Pacific Ocean are actually volcanoes. They form a ring around the ocean

which is called the “Pacific Belt of Fire.”Although there are some other “belts of fire”, the

“Pacific Belt of Fire” is the biggest.There are approximately five hundred active

volcanoes, that are known, lying in these belts.

Volcanoes In Other Places

Volcanoes aren’t just a thing from earth they also happen on other planets as seen in this picture. But while on other planets there is no destruction as we

have seen from volcanoes on earth.

Mariner 9 imagery of Olympus Mons

volcano on Mars

When and how do eruptions occur?

Steam and gases from magma in the earth createbubbles that expand and burst when the pressure

above them is lessened. These bubbles usually burstwith a tremendous force that along with escaping

gas comes magma too. In some cases, it takes years for the magma to break through the surface of the earth.The first recorded eruption was in 781 (Fuji,

Honshu, Japan)The most recent recorded eruption was in 2002 (Etna, Sicily, Italy)

Why do eruptions occur?

Eruptions occur when underground pressure is released when blocks of the earth’s crust shift.

For example, earthquakes.

Damages

The most devastating destruction from volcanoesis the tremendous loss of life. Following an

eruption in 1815, there were 56 000 people killed by a tidal wave from a eruption. Lava from the

volcano is hot enough to catch everything in its path on fire, even the ash from a volcano is hot enough

to start fires. Lahar can wash away houses and uproot trees. Magma can give off poisonous gases

such as carbon monoxide. Damages from volcanoes are very expensive to repair or replace.

Our Own Model Of An Erupting Volcano

MovieOf

TheMayhem!

Works Cited“Volcano.” The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth EditionCopyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company

Chris Kreger “Exploring The Environment of Volcanoes.” http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html

“Volcano.” Britannica Encyclopedia 2003 ed.

Works Cited Continued

Carroll, Michael. Volcanoes and Earthquakes. Chariot Victor Publishing, March 1997

http://www.volcanoworld.org/

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