Volcanoes and Earthquakes
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Transcript of Volcanoes and Earthquakes
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Volcanoes and Earthquakes
By: Hannah Hanania, Madeline Luong, &Cily Simson
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What is a Volcano? • An opening in the earth’s crust, which allows molten rock, ash and toxic gases to erupt onto the Earth’s surface
• Not all volcanoes erupt with the same intensity• Some may release lava, while other volcanoes only let out ash and gases
• Volcanoes can be classified as…– Active– Dormant (not currently active)– Extinct (not expected to erupt again)
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What Causes Volcanoes?• Rock is heated by the extremely high temperatures underneath the Earth’s surface
• As it melts MAGMA is formed • The magma becomes less denseand therefore rises to the surface, where it becomes LAVA.
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The Ring of Fire
• Located at the borders of the Pacific Plate and other major tectonic plates
•The Ring of Fire contains over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes
•This huge ring of volcanic and seismic (earthquake) activity was discovered before the invention of the theory of plate tectonics
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Effects of Volcanoes…
Bad Effects:• Lava, ash fall, and
landslides are some of the most dangerous hazards of volcanic eruptions
• Give off harmful gases into the atmosphere
• Cause acid rain and pollution
• Can cause Tsunamis
Good Effects:• Create formations and shape the Earth
• 80% of Earth’s surface has come from volcanoes
• Examples:-Hawaiian Islands
were created by five Volcanoes
-Rocky Mountains
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Mt. Saint Helens
• Washington State, May 18, 1980• Blasts started at 220 mph increased to about 670 mph
• 57 people died• 185 miles of highways and roads destroyed • Cost $1.5 billion • Thousands of animals killed
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Fun Facts:
• The term volcano, is derived from the name of the Roman God of fire, Vulcan.
• Tallest Volcano is Mauna Loa (Kilauea)• Merap, a 9,500 ft high peak on the Indonesian Island- most dangerous volcano
• The Krakatoa volcano erupted on August 26, 1883 and destroyed most of the island of Krakatoa. It is still active now.
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Earthquakes
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What is an Earthquake?
• A trembling or shaking movement of the Earth's surface
• May dramatically change surface of land, and the floor of the ocean
• Two main causes of Earthquakes:– Can be linked to explosive volcanic eruptions and are very common in areas of volcanic activity where they occur during or after volcanic eruptions
– Can be triggered by Tectonic activity associated with plate boundaries and faults.
• The majority of earthquakes world wide are of this type
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How are Earthquakes Measured?• Measured on the Richter
scale • Richter scale was developed
in 1935 By Charles F. Richter• Less than 2.0 are called micro
earthquakes• Earthquakes greater than 4.5
can be recorded around the world
• Richter Scale is based on the intensity of seismic waves which travel through the earth as energy.
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Effects of an Earthquake
• Can cause landslides and floods• Earthquakes that take place under the ocean can sometimes cause tsunamis, or tidal waves.
• Can destroy buildings and cities, as well as the lives of many people
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Recent Earthquakes
• Japan earthquake caused a tsunami– 8.9 on the Richter Scale– Over 18,000 people killed– March 11, 2011
• The Haiti Earthquake caused a terrible tsunami- Killing thousands of people and uprooting the lives of millions
- January 12, 2010 - 7.0 on the Richter Scale
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