volcanoes
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Transcript of volcanoes
VOLCANOESChapter 7
Sections 1 & 2
Volcanoes & Plate Tectonics(Sect 1) Volcano – a weak spot in the earth’s crust
where magma comes to the surface There are over 600 active volcanoes on land
and many more under the sea! Volcanoes are located at 1) plate boundaries
and 2) at hot spots. Volcanoes located at plate boundaries form
volcanic belts.
Volcanoes & plate boundariesVolcanic belt that surrounds or lines the Pacific Ocean is called: THE RING OF FIRE
Video – Click to begin
Volcanoes can form at divergent and convergent plate boundaries. Big divergent boundaries – Mid Atlantic
Ridge and Great Rift that travels through the middle of Africa (Great Rift Valley)
Mid Atlantic Ridge
Great Rift Valley
Africa’s Great Rift Valley
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Boundary
The denser plate subducts, magma rises and eventually forms islands. The islands form an ISLAND ARC. The islands arrangement is in the same shape as the plate boundary that formed them. EX: Japan, New Zealand, Phillippines, Caribbean Islands.
Oceanic-Continental Crust Boundaries
Oceanic Plate subducts under the less dense continental plate. Coastal volcanoes form.
EX: Mt St Helens; Andes in S. America
Volcanoes located along boundary btw North Amer Plate and Pacific
Plate.
HOT SPOT VOLCANOES These volcanoes occur in the middle of a
plate instead of at a plate boundary. There is a weak spot in the middle of a plate
and sometimes islands can form.HOT SPOTS: Hawaiian Islands, Yellowstone
Nat’l Park.
Hot Spots Video Clip – click
Hot Spot Islands
Hawaiian Islands
PROPERTIES OF MAGMA (sect 2) Every substance has its own chemical and
physical properties.These properties can be used to identify a substance and predict how it will behave.PHYSICAL property: a characteristic that can be
observed without changing the composition of the substance. (color, density, mass, hardness, melting point, etc)
CHEMICAL property: characteristics that describe a substance’s ability to form new substances. (corrosive, flammable, etc)
VISCOSITY Magma/lava can be described by its
viscosity. VISCOSITY: resistance of a liquid to
flowing. High Viscosity – flows very slowly
(ketchup) Low Viscosity – flows quickly (water)
Which has higher viscosity?
Viscosity of magma depends on 2 things: 1) Silica content 2) Temperature
Silica Content: ranges from 50% - 70%Higher silica Higher viscosityHigh silica magma is lighter in color, doesn’t flow Very far; cools to form rhyolite.Less silica – magma is darker; flows faster; cools
to form basalt
Viscosity & Temperature Temperature of magma ranges from 750o –
1175oCHigher temperature Lower
viscosityHotter magma flows faster; cooler magma flows more slowly.
Two Types of Lava: Pahoehoe: low viscosity, fast moving,
wrinkles, billows, ropy
Aa: high viscosity, cooler,Slower, rough, and jagged
Think about what you would say if you
walked on this barefooted… “Aa”
Lava video – Click to watch