Volcanic eruption in japan
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MOUNT ONTAKE: SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2014
MOUNT ONTAKE: SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2014
MOUNT ONTAKEERUPTS AFTER 35 YEARS
OF DORMANCY
THE ERUPTION OCCURRED A LITTLE BEFORE NOON ON
SEPTEMBER 27, 2014
PHYSICAL IMPACTS
• With a sound likened to thunder, the 10,065 foot (3,320 m) high volcano spewed large white plumes of gas and ash high into the sky and blanketed the surrounding area with ash.
LOCAL IMPACTS
The mountain is a popular climbing destination, and at least 250 people were initially trapped on the slopes.
At least 30 were killed; most made their way down by Saturday night, but the injured, unable to descend the 10,062-foot mountain on their own, stayed in mountain lodges,
THIS STORY IS UNFINISHED
• On Sunday, a large plume of ash continued to rise from the ash-covered summit of Mount Ontake.
• A convoy of red fire trucks, sirens blaring, rescue workers on foot, and helicopters headed into the restricted zone around the mountain for search and rescue missions.
BACKGROUND
Natural Phenomena That Cause Disasters
Planet Earth’s heat flow causes movement of lithospheric plates, which causes sub-duction, which causes VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
ELEMENTS OF VOLCANIC HAZARDS AND RISK
HAZARDSHAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF RISK ELEMENTS OF RISK
EXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISK
VOLCANOES
PART OF THE PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE,” JAPAN HAS ACTIVE VOLCANOES AS A
RESULT OF COMPLEX SUBDUCTION OF THE PACIFIC PLATE BENEATH THE
EURASIAN PLATE
SOME OF THE 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE IN CHILE
SOME OF THE 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE IN CHILE
LATERAL BLAST
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS
FLYING DEBRIS
VOLCANIC ASH PLUME
LAVA FLOWS
LAHARS
TOXIC GASES
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS
• VERTICAL PLUME (can affect jet aircraft)
• ASH AND TEPHRA• LATERAL BLAST• PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS,
BURSTS, AND FLOWS
VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS
• LAVA FLOWS• LAHARS (can bury villages)• EARTHQUAKES (related to
movement of lava)• “VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing
famine and mass extinctions)
A DISASTER is ---
--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., a volcanic eruption, …) intersect at a point in space and time.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence—high-probability of adverse consequences event.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen from a “low-probability of occurrence—high-probability of adverse consequences” event.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely and effective manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.
THE ALTERNATIVE TO A VOLCANO DISASTER IS
VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE
THE ALTERNATIVE TO A VOLCANO DISASTER IS
VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE
The keys to resilience: 1) know the eruptive history of your
region’s volcanoes,2) be prepared
3) have a warning system 4) evacuate
5) learn from the experience and start over
JAPAN’S
COMMUNITIES
JAPAN’S
COMMUNITIESDATA BASES AND INFORMATIONDATA BASES AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
• VOLCANO HAZARDS
• PEOPLE & BLDGS. • VULNERABILITY• LOCATION
VOLCANO RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PREPAREDNESS• PROTECTION• EARLY WARNING• EMERGENCY RESPONSE• RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONS
TECHNOLOGIES FOR MONITORING, FORECASTING, AND WARNING ARE VITAL FOR
SURVIVAL.
AIR AND LAND MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES ARE VITAL
.