Vol 24. No. 13 Saturday, April 15, 2017 Pages 8, Price 2.00 NFA...

Vol 24. No. 13 Saturday, April 15, 2017 Pages 8, Price 2.00 NFA

His Holiness Abune Lukas, General Secretary of the Eritrean Tewahdo Orthodox Church Synod, gave benediction in connection with Easter holiday.

He wished Happy Easter to the Eritrean people at home and abroad, members of the Eritrean Defense Forces as well as the sick.

Abune Lukas further called on the faithful to extend a helping hand to the needy and martyrs families.

Reports also indicated that

Hidri Publishers and Auget Library have inaugurated two new books titled “Nakfa” and “Story of Personal Memoir” in connection with the 40th anniversary of the liberation of Nakfa.

Mr. Efrem Habtetsion, from Hidri Publishers said that the books make significant contribution in

The Minister of Education, Mr. Semere Rusom, said that efforts are being exerted to improve the competence of students. He made the remarks at a meeting he conducted in Mendefera with stakeholders.

The Minister explained that close attention is being given to the task of coping with the challenges in the teaching-learning process and thereby achieve a more gratifying

Veteran Fighter Ms. Mihret Eyob has passed away aged 65.

The Cycling Federation disclosed that Tour Eritrea 2017 would get underway today under the theme “Tour of Friendship and Competence”.

National teams from Eritrea, Rwanda, Sudan and the Republic of South Africa as well as Eri-Tel, Sembel, Asbeco, Baike-Aid, Amore-Vita and Global local teams would participate in the tour.

According to the organizers, the tour would begin with the 1.2 category classic race “Fenkil Challenge” from Foro to Ginda and “Massawa Circuit” inside Massawa. It would cover a total of 1019 km.

It is to be recalled that during the 2016 Tour Eritrea members of the Eritrean National Team Merhawi Goitom, Michael Habtom, Tesfom Ogbamariam and Yonas Fisehaye won the overall classification, “Fenkil Challenge”, “Massawa Circuit” and “Asmara Circuit” respectively.

Mr. Teklu Hagos, Managing Director of Alebu Pre-cast Factory, said that efforts are being made to boost production of pre-cast blocks and other construction materials, and thereby enhance construction activities in Gash-Barka region.

Mr. FikaduTekle, Head of the Keyih Bahri Construction and Development Company in Gash-Barka region, indicated on his part that the production of pre-cast in Alebu has made possible the construction of Tesenei Market site, Souq-Shabi, besides housing project in Gerset and a number construction activities in Sawa.

Established in 2004 and 2010, Massawa and Alebu pre-cast factories have been making contribution regarding the supply of construction materials.

Synod General Secretary GiveS Benediction

new BookS inauGurated

veteran FiGhter MS. Mihret eyoB PaSSeS away

tour eritrea 2017

aleBu Pre-caSt Factory keen to BooSt Production

For iMProveMent oF Student coMPetence

outcome.

Mr. Hibtizgi Kidane, Head of the Education Ministry’s branch in the region, said on his part that the initiative taken by the teaching staff and supervisors makes significant contribution in the process as attested by the fact that out of 200,000 students 83% have passed to the next level.

The participants of the meeting called for introducing digital

libraries, strengthening relations among students, parents and teachers as well as the community in educational activities.

There exist a total of 505 educational institutions ranging from kindergarten to High school as well as two Colleges.

pilgrims comprising heads of the Eritrean Tewahdo Orthodox Church and the faithful left for Jerusalem to participate in the Easter Celebrations.

According to the office of the Patriarch, the pilgrims would visit holy sites.

documenting the history of the armed struggle for independence.

During the inauguration the book ‘Nakfa”, Dr. Tekeste Fekadu and Mr. Amanuel Yosef stated that the book comprises 39 stories based on personal stories, documents, newspapers, magazines and books.

ERITREA PROFILE WISHES A HAPPY EASTER

She joined the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) in 1978 and diligently served her people and nation in different capacities.

The funeral service of the late veteran fighter Mihret would be conducted today, 15 April, at 4 o’clock at the Asmara Martyrs Cemetery.

Expressing deep sorrow on the passing away of Ms. Mehret Eyob, the Ministry of Education expresses condolences to family and friends.

Similarly, Brig. General Tekie Rusom and Mr. Amanuel Zekaries who presented a review on the book “Story of Personal Memoir” voiced appreciation for Col. Asres’ initiative of collecting personal experience and present such experience to the young generation to learn from the armed struggle for independence.

Published Every Saturday & Wednesday

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Azmera BerhaneSara Alem


Acting Editor Amanuel [email protected]

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Sara Alem


Acting Editor Amanuel [email protected]

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Sara Alem

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Sara Alem Aida Johar

Semhar Mebrahtu

One may choose to think that a nation is defined by its natural resources but, in reality, cultural heritage is the essence that defines that nation. If we want to learn about history of the nation, then cultural heritage is a critical piece of the history because it provides the basis for national ideas. Preservation of cultural heritage demonstrates a recognition of the necessity as part of national history.

Culture, in its broadest sense, is a reflection of human identities and a way of life. The following is the definition of culture according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: “Culture may be said to be the whole complex of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features that characterize a society or social group. It includes not only the arts and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental rights of the human being, value systems, traditions and belief, it is through culture that man expresses himself, becomes aware of himself, recognizes his incompleteness, questions his own achievements, seeks untiringly for new meanings and creates works through which he transcends his limitations.’’

In general, cultural properties and elements are identified as tangible and intangible heritage. Tangible cultural heritage is the heritage that can be physically seen and felt. It includes monuments, sites, buildings, tools, instruments, utensils and all other physical objects and artifacts

Community Based Inventorying in Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage

that are made by human creative capacity. Intangible cultural heritage on the other hand, encompasses the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge and skills that communities, groups, and in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their heritage. It is transmitted from generation to generation and is constantly recreated by communities and groups in response to their environment. It is manifested, among other places, in the domains of oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of intangible cultural heritage; performing arts, social practices, rituals and festivals.

Eritrea has rich and diverse intangible cultural heritage. Each of the nine ethno-groups has its own language, folk traditions and living expressions. This has been transmitted from ancestors to

descendants for centuries, giving the people a strong sense of identity and continuity.

Efforts have been made both by the government and the people of Eritrea to safeguard the nation’s valuable intangible cultural heritage by holding traditional and national festivals, conducting research on oral traditions through various Eritrean languages, raising the awareness and encouraging the participation of people in safeguarding intangible cultural through media programs and introducing culture and arts into the Eritrean national curriculum.

In relation to pertinent activities Eritrea in 2010 became state party to the 2003 convention of the intangible cultural heritage administered by UNESCO. Based on the Eritrean cultural and natural heritage legislation officially proclaimed on the 30th of September 2015. Eritrea is now committed to implement the 2003 convention in collaboration

with UNESCO.

In order to preserve the intangible cultural heritage, drafted the convention of 2003, the government has been expending great effort. Now there is a workshop, which is

supported by Kingdom of Norway, aimed at enhancing the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage of Eritrea.

This workshop will provide fundamental principles and practical information on community-based

inventorying and using UNESCO’s capacity-building material as a guide. The first 6 days will include ‘classroom’-style training activities aimed at conveying the essential

features of inventorying under the 2003 Convention as well as developing inventory framework and technical skills in identification and documentation. The last 4 days will be field-based practicum, carrying out inventorying work in small groups in three or four field locations. Participants will then return to the classroom to focus on organizing the data collected from the field work, exchange experiences and consolidate newly acquired skills.

The workshop has about 45 participants including national cultural officers, district cultural officers and community members who are themselves the bearers of heritage. The diversity of participants promotes the success of the initiative. It also promotes community-based inventorying.

The training workshop is facilitated by Culture Program Specialist UNESCO Regional Office for East Africa, Karalyn Monteil, and International Expert Lovemore Mazibuko supported by national

experts with some knowledge of intangible heritage who will have participated in previous training workshops on safeguarding cultural heritage.

“Given that the program is a community-based inventory in which the aim is for participants from the nine ethnic groups of Eritrea to know their culture better, the participants will be responsible of collecting and documenting their own culture and understanding each other” stated Lovemore. “By this method, they can ask people of their respective communities, who also know them, so there will be greater trust and other advantages.”

He also added that, so far, the responses are good and the participants are cooperative. What he finds most interesting about the workshop, he explains, is the diversity in the participants. Some of them are actors and writers. Some of them are lecturers from art and technologies. Some of them are practitioners and researchers. Some are from the sport commission, while others are from Ministry of Information.

The government is investing in awareness-raising. There will soon be efforts towards national curriculum development that works to incorporate some of the cultural teachings into school curriculum. The curriculum will be taught via indigenous community resources rather than those emanating from other countries’ resources.

From these programs, nationals can benefit from knowing their culture indepth. The community-based inventory in safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage program will continue its courses for the coming three months. There will also be another training course in September that carry on for two years in support from the Kingdom Of Norway. These efforts will help to preserve the intangible cultural heritage of Eritrea.

Vol 24 . No 13Eritrea Profile, Saturday, April 15, 2017 2

3Vol 24 . No 13Eritrea Profile, Saturday, April 15, 2017

Justice Deferred: The 15 Year Anniversary of the Eritrea Ethiopia Boundary Commission Verdict

Dr. Fikrejesus Amahazion

This week represents 15 years since the Eritrea Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) made its ruling to solve the border conflict between the neighbouring countries. However, its decisions, presented on 13 April 2002, remain unimplemented, constituting a flagrant violation of fundamental international law, calling into question the moral authority of several international organizations, serving as a serious impediment to peace and development in the Horn of Africa, and leading to the destabilization of the region through contributing to unnecessary rivalry, tension, conflict, and insecurity.

Between 1998 and 2000, Eritrea and Ethiopia waged a bitter war. The conflict, partly based on a dispute over the precise location of extensive parts of the boundary between Eritrea and Ethiopia, led to the death of tens of thousands on both sides (it is estimated that Eritrea lost about 19,000 soldiers, while Ethiopia’s losses are estimated at between 70,000-130,000 soldiers), large-scale displacement of civilians, and was highly costly for both countries. In June 2000, the two countries signed the Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities in Algiers, and then in December 2000, President Isaias Afwerki of Eritrea and Prime Minister Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia signed the Algiers Peace Agreement. Inter-alia, the agreement called for both parties to permanently terminate hostilities and refrain from the threat or use of force, established an independent and impartial Boundary Commission to delimit and demarcate borders based on pertinent colonial treaties (from 1900, 1902, and 1908) and applicable international law, sought to determine the conflict’s origins, and established a Claims Commission to assess damages and losses caused by the conflict.

Subsequently, in 2001, the EEBC was formally established in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Algiers Peace Agreement. The EEBC consisted of five members; Ethiopia and Eritrea appointed two commissioners each, while the fifth commissioner, serving as the president of the Commission, was selected by the party-appointed commissioners. After a lengthy investigation and litigation process, the Commission rendered its decisions on 13 April 2002 at the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, with the entire process guaranteed by the United Nations (UN) and the OAU/AU and witnessed by the US, the European Union (EU), and Algeria. Importantly, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) was

charged with guaranteeing the EEBC ruling and enforcing implementation without preconditions.

The EEBC ruling presented both countries with gains and losses; however, one of the EEBC’s most significant decisions saw the flashpoint of the 1998-2000 war, the rural border town of Badme, awarded to Eritrea. While Eritrea accepted the EEBC’s decisions in their entirety and has generally sought to uphold the integrity of the Algiers Peace Agreement, and although Article 4.15 of the agreement clearly stipulates that both parties “agree that the delimitation and demarcation determinations of the Commission shall be final and binding,” Ethiopia has completely failed to abide by its international legal obligations and responsibilities. Instead, it has persistently sought to obstruct or reverse the EEBC’s decisions, continued to militarily occupy large swathes of Eritrean territory (including Badme), and sustained a policy of unremitting aggression and hostility toward Eritrea.

Somewhat ironically, shortly after the verdict, Ethiopia actually appeared to accept the EEBC ruling; both the Ethiopian Foreign Minister and the country’s parliament made statements proclaiming Ethiopia’s “satisfaction” with and wholehearted “acceptance” of the decision, and the Ethiopian government also expressed gratitude to the Commission for delivering a “just” verdict, even calling on the international community to “compel Eritrea to agree to a speedy demarcation.” However, this line of approach was quickly and dramatically reversed. In 2003, Ethiopia denounced the ruling as “illegal, unjust and irresponsible,” while castigating the Boundary Commission and seeking to reopen the EEBC’s decisions through an “alternative mechanism.” Subsequently, in 2004, Ethiopia vacillated again, this time shifting its position to claim that it accepted the ruling “in principle,” but within the context of various and numerous reservations, qualifications, and preconditions prior to implementation. Importantly, Ethiopia also began to establish illegal settlements within sovereign Eritrean territories, and in 2006 the Ethiopian Foreign Minister, Seyoum Mesfin, sent a highly-publicized letter to the President of the EEBC, Sir Elihu Lauterpacht, again criticizing the EEBC and even assigning blame to the Commission for Ethiopia’s own failure to meet its international obligations under the agreement.

Beyond its outright military

occupation of sovereign Eritrean territories and rejection and

obstruction of the EEBC ruling, Ethiopia has also retained a policy of unrelenting aggression toward Eritrea.

Less than a year ago, on 12 June 2016, Ethiopia launched a large, unprovoked attack against Eritrea on the Tsorona Central Front, leading to the death of hundreds of Ethiopians and 18 Eritreans. Notably, the region, located along the tense, militarized border between the two countries, was the scene of some of the fiercest fighting during the 1998-2000 war. It is important to note that such aggression, described by the Nuremberg Tribunal as “the supreme international crime,” is a grave breach of fundamental international law and the UN Charter, as well as a clear, direct violation of Article 1.1 of the Algiers Peace Agreement. Rather than an isolated incident, however, the mid-2016 attack was but the latest in a long series of deadly provocations by Ethiopia since the end of the destructive 1998-2000 war. For example, on 16 March 2012, the Ethiopian government crossed into Eritrean territory and attacked several Eritrean military installations.

Ethiopia not only occupies sovereign Eritrean territory and engages in frequent illegal incursions into and attacks against Eritrea, it also regularly makes calls for the overthrow of the Eritrean government and, through belligerent, threatening statements via government-owned media outlets, boldly proclaims its intentions to carry out “military action to oust the regime in Eritrea,” – again, violating the UN Charter (e.g. Article 2.4), international law, and the Algiers Peace Agreement. For instance, in 2014, Ethiopia’s Prime Minister, Hailemariam Desalegn, announced that the “no war, no peace situation with Eritrea is over. Ethiopia from now on is ready to take military action against Eritrea,” while in 2015 and early 2016, he claimed Ethiopia was ready to take “proportionate military action against Eritrea.” As well, shortly after the disastrous June 2016 attack, high-level Ethiopian officials (including the Prime Minister, Minister of Defence, and Minister of Government Communication) proudly boasted in parliament about

Ethiopia’s aggressive actions against Eritrea (including statements made on 14 June, 28 June, and 5 July 2016).

A point of particular concern that arises in exploring the ongoing stalemate is that although the entire EEBC process was guaranteed by the UN, UNSC, and OAU/AU, and witnessed by the US, EU and Algeria, the international community has effectively ignored Ethiopia’s complete failure to abide by its international legal obligations and responsibilities for demarcating the border. Instead of condemning Ethiopia’s illegal military occupation and repeated aggressive actions or calling for the immediate, unconditional implementation of the EEBC ruling, the international community, principally led by the US, have turned a blind eye, abdicated their responsibility, and been acquiescent to Ethiopia’s persistent violations and hostile behavior.

Unwavering support for and appeasement of Ethiopia, despite its utter contempt for international treaties or laws, are part of a policy approach based upon the misguided belief, dating back to the immediate post-World War 2 period but rearticulated more recently in terms of regional “anchor states” designations, that US and Western geostrategic interests and foreign policy aims can be better protected and served by Ethiopia.

During the immediate post-World War 2 period, UN Resolution 390 (V) of 2 December 1950 stifled Eritrea’s hopes for decolonization and independence, forcibly federating Eritrea, a former Italian colony, with Ethiopia because Ethiopia was seen as a key partner “in the fight against the Soviet-led spread of Communism in Africa,” and as so pointedly expressed by John Foster Dulles, the then US Secretary of State, “the strategic interests of the United States in the Red Sea Basin and considerations of security and world peace make it necessary that the country [Eritrea] be linked with our ally, Ethiopia.” Shortly thereafter, on 14 November 1952, in a move it would essentially repeat a

half-century later, Ethiopia violated the principles of the international resolution, declaring the Eritrean Constitution void, ending the federal status of Eritrea, dissolving the Eritrean parliament, and incorporating Eritrea into Ethiopia as a province. These developments would lead to Eritrea’s 30-year armed struggle for independence, which ultimately culminated with an Eritrean victory in 1991.

Since World War 2, the US, with the West in tow, has maintained a close alliance with a series of autocratic Ethiopian leaders, providing them with considerable economic, diplomatic, and military support and permitting them to act with impunity. Annually, Ethiopia receives hundreds of millions of dollars in aid from a variety of bilateral and multilateral sources – for 2016/17 alone, Ethiopia was to receive $US918 million in assistance, just from the US – while its grave transgressions of international law and human rights standards (both at home and abroad) are overlooked.

In regard to the 1998-2000 conflict and subsequent EEBC ruling, there was heavy-handed involvement by the US during both the conflict and throughout the peace negotiation process on the side of Ethiopia. In 1998, Susan Rice, then serving under former President Bill Clinton as Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, completely failed to adequately or impartially mediate a peace plan between warring Ethiopia and Eritrea. Her total “misreading of the situation” elicited the fury of then US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, who quickly summoned Rice back to Washington after negotiations collapsed. Subsequently, after the EEBC ruling, a number of Wikileaks cables reveal how successive US administrations have sought to keep the “[Eritrean-Ethiopian] border dispute frozen,” if not reverse or “reopen the 2002 EEBC decision,” since Ethiopia is an “indispensable partner” in the region.

As well, Ambassador John Bolton, former US Permanent Representative

continued on page 5


Natnael Yebio W.

Xom Arba’a or the Lent as it is known is a season of soul-searching and repentance. It is a season for reflection and taking stock. Lent originated in the very earliest days of the Church as a preparatory time for Easter, when the faithful rededicated themselves and when converts were instructed in the faith and prepared for baptism. By observing the forty days of Lent, the individual Christian imitates Jesus’ withdrawal into the wilderness for forty days. All churches that have a continuous history extending before AD 1500 observe Lent. The ancient church that wrote, collected, canonized, and propagated the New Testament also observed Lent, believing it to be a commandment from the apostles.

As to the scriptures, “There is a time for everything” Ecc 3:1. In the Orthodox and Catholic Church there are seasons set for fasting. One of these seasons is the Great fast; also known as “Abi Xom”.

Here and now we welcomed this great fast, February 20th 2017. Great fast is a fasting time set for self examination through a devout time of prayer. It is a time of contemplation and repentance. It is such an important time we set to invite God to our heart for conversation.

Literary speaking fasting is abstaining from food (eating and drinking) as a religious duty that is required of all believers. During Lent, the Church is open every day, for longer periods (4 am-22:30pm) with the church service held at noon. Followers fast during the 55 day Lenten period. No dairy products, meat, fish or eggs are eaten. Fasting is an act of sacrifice, which means an act of self-denial and humiliation under the hands of God. It is denying comfort to our flesh, and feeding strength to our spiritual personality. As St. John Chrysostom put it, “fasting implies not only abstinence from food, but from sins also. The fast, he insists, should be kept not by the mouth alone but also by the eye, the ear, the feet, the hands and all the members of the body: the eye must abstain from impure sights, the ear from malicious gossip, the hands from acts of injustice.”

After 55 days of abstaining from siga( Meat) and dairy products,

R end Thy ChainsEaster arrives with the glad tidings of Jesus’s resurrection and with the pervasive smell of siga and tesmi(Ghee).

Enqua stome l’guam fethehalkum (roughly translated as: We thank you Almighty God for declaring open season on sheep and goats.)

But unknown to many of those who fast, animals such as cats and dogs have also been indirectly

fasting in spite of themselves. Some domestic animals do greatly suffer during the fasting season. Victims of collateral damage!

Imagine a dog or a cat eating dried bread for the whole duration of the Lent just because its owner is fasting. And then one fine morning in the month of May, a sheep or a goat is slaughtered right before the unbelievable eyes of Simba, the dog. A piece of bone stained with blood is thrown at him, while Lili, the cat, is invited to partake of a chunk of non-kosher meat. Both are very happy. Of course, they don’t know it is Easter, but somehow they feel that there is something special about the day.

Easter rituals start with Hossanna (Palm Sunday). People are accustomed here to craft rings from palm leaves. You need special skill to make it.

And then we have H’mamat (Passion or the Suffering of Jesus Christ from the Last Supper until his

Crucifixion). Many people abstain from worldly things like dancing and boozing. The days after Hosanna are a bit gloomy. However, Hamus Stegbo (Maundy Thursday) seems to brighten things up a little bit. Boiled legumes are given to children and adults alike. One can eat as much as one likes.

All this time, mothers are busy buying new clothes and footwear for the children. The more children

you have, the more you worry. Sometimes you wish you had used birth control pills. The nine children you brought into this world are going to cost you a lot of money. Now you have to take anger control pills.

And then comes Arbi Siklet (Good Friday). Again, back to square one. Gloom takes over. Some people wear the Christ’s thorn or Spina Christ, a spreading shrub belonging to the GABA, around their head. Women go to church and repeat Kyrie Eleison until four or five in the afternoon.

Of all the days of H’mamat, Saturday is the most mysterious. To start with it doesn’t have a special name like Good Friday or Maundy Thursday. And you don’t know what to do with it the whole day.

Anyway, it is the day when people go to the cattle market and haggle the whole day with diehard merchants who don’t give a damn to how people feel about the astronomical

price they quote. Some buyers prefer to ambush the peasants who come to town to sell their livestock.

But even these are no less crafty than the experienced sheep and goat dealers in the sheep market.

“How much?”“2000 Nka”

“Tell me frankly, young man. Did you really bring your sheep to town

to sell them?”

“Well, what else do you think I brought them here for? To show them the Liberty Avenue?”

The father who goes to the sheep market has come back home with something that bleats even if it looked like a sickly wolf. And then how to get it home is a problem. He paid 2000 for it, and he has to pay another 100 or 200 Nfa for transport. Well, he says, I will carry it on my shoulders. But he came to the market on a bike. He has now to think fast. He has never been to a circus before. How can you balance a goat or a sheep on your shoulders, while cycling? You simply carry it piggyback, get its front and hind legs and tie them right in front.

Drum rolls and the spectacle is to begin. Clickety-Click…….Riiiing…..Riiing…..Baaaaaaa……baaaa.

“Mom! Daddy has come with a

goat” shout the children.

“Thanks God,” sighs the wife.

“It is highway robbery.” groans the Father.

The next morning it is Fass’ga (Easter) officially known as Tinsa’e (Resurrection). Fass’ga (from Greek paskha, via Aramaic, from Hebrew pesa) is the meat-day par excellence. Good-bye hamli (greens) till we meet again and good morning siga weddi axmi (meat and bones).

But the ritual doesn’t end here. We will start with panettone (a tall Italian yeast cake flavored with Vanilla and dried and candied fruits, traditionally eaten in Christmas).

Buying panettone during all kinds of holidays has become a must in this country. There are now several brands with varying tastes raging from wood to sugar cane. Although some can compete with Italian products, the rest are simply packaged himbashas. Shop owners put up fights to get them from bakeries. A holiday without panettone is like Christmas without Santa Claus.

Noontime and the boys are still playing outside. The father is downtown probably washing his guts with beer for a heavy lunch. The ladies are busy putting the last touch here and there.

To make a long story short, the whole family, including relatives from far away villages, do justice to the food and drink.

“Nice meat. Surely it was a healthy sheep, “Says the father slurping, munching and gnawing like a lion.

The children tear up meat from pieces of bones like lion cubs. The mother takes her time to eat like a real lioness.

“I bought it for 2000 nka,” boasts the father.

The children are waiting for the time to have their share of panettone. The women are waiting for the time to drink their coffee in peace.

Everybody is happy.

R’hus Tinsa’e! Happy Easter!

5Eritrea Profile, Saturday, April 15, 2017 Vol 24 . No 13

to the UN, in his book Surrender is not an Option: Defending America at the United Nations readily acknowledges that although “Ethiopia had agreed on a mechanism to resolve the border dispute in 2000...[it] was welching on its deal in flat violation of its commitments.” Notably, Bolton also strongly questions the efforts of the former US Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, Jendayi Frazer, to overturn the border ruling in Ethiopia’s favor, noting, “[f]or reasons I never understood, however, Frazer reversed course, and asked in early February [2006] to reopen the 2002 EEBC decision, which she had concluded was wrong, and award a major piece of disputed territory to Ethiopia. I was at a loss how to explain that to the Security Council, so I didn’t” (2007: 347). Furthermore, a June 2006 memo by Azouz Ennifar, the former Acting Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary General (UNSG) to Eritrea and Ethiopia, reveals how Frazer “developed parallel tracks to deal with the [EEBC ruling and implementation],” essentially condoning and supporting Ethiopia’s rejection of the verdict and violation of international law.

In addition to unreservedly shielding Ethiopia’s noncompliance and intransigence, the misguided approach of the US has also, in the

Justice Deferred: The 15 Year . . . continued from page 3

words of the former US Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, extended to attempting to “pin down and punish Eritrea” for refusing to give up the legal course in terms of the EEBC. This strategy has involved attempts to isolate Eritrea through scuppering foreign agreements and economic deals, as well as the utilization of unjustified international sanctions.

According to a leaked US embassy cable in Addis Ababa sent by Chargé d’Affaires Vicki Huddleston (dated 1 November 2005), the strategy of the US-backed Ethiopian proxy was to, “isolate Eritrea and wait for it to implode economically.” Moreover, a cable sent by Chargé d’Affaires Roger Meece (30 November 2009) exposes how the “USG [US Government] has worked to undercut support for Eritrea,” while another cable (2 November 2009) reveals that the German government’s rescinding of a credit guarantee to banks for a commercial loan of $US146 million to Eritrea’s Bisha mining project was the result of “caving in to...American pressure.”

Additionally, on 23 December 2009, the UNSC adopted Resolution 1907 (2009) imposing a sanctions regime against Eritrea, which was then expanded on 5 December 2011 via UNSC Resolution 2023. Importantly, not only is it increasingly acknowledged that the original imposition of sanctions

was biased and lacking in basis – a series of Wikileaks cables reveal how the sanctions were actively planned and pushed for through close cooperation and shadowy backroom dealings by the US and Ethiopia – their continuance has widely become recognized as illegitimate, counterproductive, unjustified, and not based upon a genuine concern for international peace or security. Over several years, a long series of UN Somalia Eritrea Monitoring Group (UN SEMG) reports have consistently concluded that they have found “no evidence of Eritrea’s support for Al-Shabaab,” while in 2010 Eritrea and Djibouti signed a comprehensive agreement entrusting Qatar to play a mediating role, quickly followed by a process of implementation. It is quite telling that in 2014, while 14 Security Council members wanted to lift the sanctions, the US vetoed the move. Essentially, the sanctions constitute an extension of the unwarranted hostile US policy toward Eritrea for its principled adherence to the EEBC’s border ruling and for Eritrea’s opposition to misguided US policies in the Horn of Africa. As so aptly put by Ambassador Herman Cohen, former US Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, the sanctions against are a “gross miscarriage of justice.”

It is tremendously difficult to overlook the troubling paradox that Eritrea remains burdened by sanctions – even, as it must be underscored,

in the absence of any supportive evidence for their pretext and despite its acceptance of the EEBC’s ruling and its regular calls for unconditional implementation – while the UN and the international community continue to ignore, if not enable and support, Ethiopia’s complete failure to abide by its international legal obligations and responsibilities for demarcating the border, and its ongoing military occupation and state of war and aggression toward Eritrea. Moreover, in a twisted case of illogic, Eritrea is further punished since the sanctions (particularly the arms embargo and severe limitations on defensive materials) effectively mean it is restricted in defending itself – a fundamental international right enshrined under the UN Charter – against Ethiopia’s military occupation and unrelenting aggression or terror-related threats which abound throughout the region.

Ultimately, the international community has utterly failed the people of Eritrea, Ethiopia, and the broader region. To be clear, there is no longer a contested or disputed border between Eritrea and Ethiopia; rather, there is only an ongoing military occupation of sovereign Eritrean territories, including Badme, by Ethiopia and an unrelenting state of hostility and aggression by the latter toward the former. Not only is the international community’s failure to act morally vacuous, with the international community, led by

the US, effectively complicit in the ongoing violation of fundamental international law by Ethiopia, the continued lack of implementation of the EEBC has served to impede regional development, reduce prospects for peace or security, and led to the destabilization of the entire Horn of Africa region through contributing to unnecessary rivalry and tension.

Moving forward, it is quite apparent and highly imperative that the international community shoulder its legal responsibility and obligations by genuinely censuring Ethiopia’s illegal military occupation and repeated aggressive actions towards Eritrea, and calling for the immediate, unconditional implementation of the “final and binding” EEBC decisions. Importantly, such steps will both reflect and fulfill commitments to key principles of international law, represent positive gestures that can help encourage fruitful and effective cooperation, remove unnecessary, harmful distractions and support the addressing of internal issues and challenges within both countries, support the two countries’ socio-economic growth and development (prior to the two-year conflict, Ethiopia and Eritrea enjoyed strong economic relations), and ultimately potentially prove to be useful measures toward promoting lasting, sustainable peace, security, and stability.

STATEMENT BY MR. AMANUEL GIORGIO, CHARGÉ D’AFFAIRES PERMANENT MISSION OF ERITREA TO THE UNITED NATIONS, DURING 7925th MEETING OF THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL

Madam President,Distinguished Members

I would like to congratulate you on the assumption of the presidency of the Council for the month of April. I would like to thank the Chair of the Committee H.E Ambassador Kairat Umarov for his briefing as well as for his efforts to enhance constructive and genuine dialogue. I would like to assure you of my delegation’s full cooperation in the discharge of your responsibility.

Madam President,As a matter of coincidence this

open briefing of the UN Security Council is taking place on the very date the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission gave its final and binding ruling 15 years ago, on 13 April 2002. To the regret of many who worked hard to realize peace, Ethiopia to this date continues to occupy sovereign Eritrean territory, including the town of Badme, in violation of its treaty obligation and international law. The hope of achieving peace and security for the people of the region has been dashed and the opportunity of building a common front for common challenges has been postponed indefinitely.

It would indeed be remiss of its duty of maintenance of international peace and security for the Security Council to ignore the failure and refusal by one of the parties to implement a mutual agreement that it had solemnly signed; particularly when we recall that this Agreement was guaranteed and witnessed by the United Nations, the African Union, the European Union, the United States and Algeria.

Madam President,The Security Council actively

seized at the present time on all regional issues – the Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, Yemen etc. where intra-State or inter State conflicts have raged or continue to rage. But it continues to studiously avoid the Eritrea/Ethiopia conflict. The UN Security Council cannot continue its fifteen years of inaction in the face of destabilizing acts of occupation and aggression that threaten regional peace and stability. This is not only morally and legally unacceptable but it is increasingly evident that the simmering tension is untenable and fraught with perilous escalation.

In the event, Eritrea reiterates its call to the UN Security Council to shoulder its responsibilities

of maintaining international and regional peace through ensuring immediate and unconditional Ethiopia’s withdrawal from sovereign Eritrean territories, including the town of Badme.

Madam President,The sanction, which has been

imposed on Eritrea has entered its 8th year. Its negative impact on Eritrea and the Horn of Africa region cannot be overlooked. Clearly, the time has come, in fact it is long overdue, to lift the sanction on Eritrea. In this regard, I would like to avail this opportunity to highlight few facts:

1. The sanction on Eritrea has never been justified nor motivated by a genuine desire to promote regional peace and security. If its imposition was unjustified its continuation can only be viewed as a desire to spread crises in a region that is already suffering from conflicts. We need less conflicts, not more.

2. The two justifications for the imposition of sanction were namely Eritrea’s alleged support to al-Shabab in Somalia as well as Eritrea’s alleged refusal to resolve its dispute with Djibouti. For four years, the Somalia Eritrea Monitoring Group has found no evidence of any

Eritrean wrong-doing in Somalia.3. On Djibouti, Eritrea remains

committed to the mediation of the State of Qatar, which has resulted in the release of all Djiboutian prisoners of war. The last Monitoring report made it clear that all its interlocutors, including the released Djiboutian prisoners of war, only mention seven prisoners of war in Eritrea. These are all accounted for—two escapees, one who passed away and four who were released through the efforts of Qatar. Eritrea has confirmed that there are no more Djiboutian prisoners in its hands. Moreover, Eritrea cannot be asked to second guess the whereabouts of persons missing in action as claimed by Djibouti. The burden of proof squarely lies upon the accuser, the Government of Djibouti. On its part, Eritrea is committed to resolve any outstanding issue with Djibouti under the mediation of Qatar.

4. Failing to find substantive evidence to continue the sanction, some countries have resorted to procedural pretexts by singularly and inordinately focusing on the inability of the Monitoring Group to visit Eritrea. It must be recalled here that the Monitoring Group had actually visited Eritrea twice in previous times. The Monitoring

Group also maintains, without any hindrance, extensive meetings and contacts with relevant Eritrean officials. And as Your Excellencies are aware, the Monitoring Group has itself ascertained the absence of any indication of Eritrea’s support to al-Shabab. In this circumstances, Eritrea does not see any real value in a visit by the Monitoring Group to the country. Eritrea’s primary preoccupation is in fact the public stance of certain countries who have openly stated that they will not support the lifting of the sanctions even if the Group were to visit Eritrea.

Madam President,Eritrea will continue to make

its positive contribution towards regional peace, security and integration in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea area. It calls on the UN Security Council to constructively contribute to peace, cooperation and amity in our region by lifting the unjust and counterproductive sanction against Eritrea and ending Ethiopia’s illegal occupation of sovereign Eritrean territory.

I thank you Madam President.

NEW YORK, 13 APRIL 2017


VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT

Bisha Mining Share Company is inviting applicants for the following position for Bisha site project;

Air1. Conditioning Technician Number Required - (01)

MAJOR DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Planning

Makes use of “Planned Maintenance Schedule”. (Daily Work Sheets).• Implementation of the Plan

Identify the highest priority for each day and focus on completing relevant •tasks.Ensures good housekeeping.•Ensures the installation and maintenance and repairs of all Air Conditioner •Units/refrigeration plants are carried out in an efficient and effective way in order to minimize downtime. (Sketches, operation manuals, manufacturer’s instructions and engineering specifications. Troubleshooting malfunctions.)Performs regular inspections in order to detect potential problems before •they cause breakdownsControls downtime by ensuring the best techniques are being used to repair •breakdowns.Ensure safety requirements are fulfilled at the work place, including leading •Field Level Risk Assessment (FLRA) and proper use of the appropriate PPE. Report any safety issues/incidents.Comply with mine’s cardinal rules and other safety, environmental or other •rules and standards as directed. Identifies any hazards in the work place.Assist with parts and supply stocks by carrying out regular stock takes and •ordering replacements as required.Attends “Toolbox meetings” daily.•

ReportingReports progress of jobs to Crew Leader.•

Qualifications

Grade 12 for locals (Technical School).•Technical College Electrical Diploma•

Knowledge and Experience3 - 5 years relevant experience •

Technical Skills Computer Literacy (MS Office – Intermediate), Attention to detail.•Attention to detail•Analytical skill•Electrical experience•Problem solving skill•

Behavioral Skill Communication (English)•Integrity•Prioritizing skills & multi-skilling•Ability to work towards strict deadlines•High level of accuracy•Self-motivation•

HME Drill Mechanic2. Number required (1)

MAJOR DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIESPlanning

Follows the “Planned Maintenance Schedule”.•Implementation of the plan

Identify the highest priority for each day and focus on completing relevant •tasks. Ensures good housekeeping. •Carries out actual maintenance and repairs of Drill Rigs in an efficient and •effective way in order to minimize downtime. Performs regular inspections in order to detect potential problems before they •cause breakdowns. Minimizes downtime by ensuring the best techniques are being used to repair •breakdowns. Ensure safety requirements are fulfilled at the work place, including leading •Field Level Risk Assessment (FLRA) and proper use of the appropriate PPE. Report any safety issues/incidents. Comply with mine’s cardinal rules and other safety, environmental or other rules •and standards as directed. Identifies any hazards in the work place. Conducts preventative maintenance on the Drill Rigs by checking engines; •motors; pneumatics; hydraulic systems by following diagrams, sketches,

operation manuals, manufacturer’s instructions and engineering specifications. Troubleshooting malfunctions. Carries out “Fault finding” by using precision measuring and testing •instruments.Removes defective parts by using hoists, cranes and hand and power tools. •Examines form and texture of parts to determine causes of failure. Determines changes in dimensional requirements of parts by using rulers; •calipers; micrometers; and other measuring instruments. Understands and is familiar with basic hydraulic systems. •Attends technical and other training as required by supervisor.•

Writing Reports and Data ControlCompile daily; progress reports as requested•

Qualifications:Formal Trade for Ex-Pats (Diesel mechanic / Auto electrician)•Grade 12 for locals•

Knowledge and Experience:3 - 5 years relevant experience •

Technical SkillsComputer Literacy (MS Office – Intermediate, )•Attention to detail•Analytical skill•Mechanical & Electrical experience•Problem solving skill•Supervisory experience•

Behavioural SkillsCommunication (English)•Assertiveness, Self-motivation•Interpersonal Relations•Integrity, High level of accuracy, Discretion•Prioritizing skills & multi-skilling•Ability to work towards strict deadlines•

Maintenance Planner 3. Number required (1)

MAJOR DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIESPurchasing and Supply Chain

Responsible to initiate purchase order in line with the policy procedure and •process and ensure the execution of delivery.Ensure that out of stock items are recording and ensure that stock of critical •items i.e. Parts and spares are always in stock. Ensure that updates of critical part lists are done and that it reflects the actual •parts available.Provide single source justification for suppliers in line with the approved policy, •procedure and process.Responsible to follow-up on parts ordered to minimize downtime.•Identity new suppliers for review by the Engineered Planned Maintenance •Supervisor.

ContractorsInvolvement in justification for Contract requirements. •Require knowledge of documentation as stipulated by policy, procedure and •process and knowledge/assistance of Human Resources process.Assist in communication with contractor on status of visa application and •required documentation.

Work Management ProcessesAssist with project and project plan together with deadlines.•Assist to ensure that deadlines set are met or reviewed timeously.•Assist to ensure that the project is aligned with the request and that required •documentation is attached.Provide assistance to the project to ensure that this is in line with the •requirement as well to ensure the standard of working.Attend meetings to gain information on the progress of the project and •address issues of concern.Assist with information capture and measuring system to analyse processes •and equipment delays and losses.Assist and be active with the planning and scheduling of all component •rebuilds and proactive shutdown works.Track manpower backlog trends and recommend strategies to balance overall •manpower requirements.Liaise with relevant personnel on site to gather accurate information.•Monitor, maintain and evaluate maintenance activities by utilizing data •provided by the maintenance performance.Ensure that materials are received prior to scheduling of the job.•Assist customers with technical enquiries regarding new purchases to the best •of their understanding.Coordinate all aspects of warranty processing, reporting and recovery.•

AdministrationEnsure to timeously receive current project information to be provided to the •

continued on page 7


Name of Country: EritreaName of Project: Global FundGrant No: ERI-M- MOH Date: APRIL 5, 2017IFB Title: PROCURMENT OF COVERALLS (

ኮምፕላስዮን) IFB Number: NCB 01/2017

The Ministry of Health of the State of Eritrea has received a grant from the Global Fund towards the cost of HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and TB Project. It is intended that part of the proceeds of this grant will be applied to eligible payments under the contract for Procurement of COVERALLS.

The Project Management Unit of the Ministry of Health now invites sealed bids from eligible bidders for the supply of the above mentioned items.

Bidding will be conducted through the NATIONAL Competitive Bidding (NCB) procedures specified in the Global Fund Guidelines:

Interested bidders may obtain further information from PMU, Ministry of Health and inspect the Bidding Documents at the Procurement Office, PMU, Ministry of Health, Denden Street No.82, Asmara, Eritrea; Tel: 291-1-122978, Fax: 291-1-124357 from 08:00 to 12:00 hours.

A complete set of Bidding Documents in English language may be purchased by Textile /Garment factories on the submission of a written application, and upon payment of a nonrefundable fee NAKFA (500.00) or equivalent.

Bids must be delivered to the Procurement Office, PMU/MOH, Denden Street # 82, Asmara, Tel: 291-1-124360/122978, Fax. 291-1-124357, on or before 15:00 hrs on May 3,2017 . All bids must be accompanied by a bid security not less than two (2) percent of the bid amount in a freely convertible currency which should be submitted separately sealed within the bid offer envelop.

Late bids will be rejected. Bids will be opened in the presence of the bidders’ or legal representatives who choose to attend at 15:00 hrs on May 3, 2017 , at PMU (MOH), Conference Room.

Invitation for Bids (IFB)

Engineered Planned Maintenance Supervisor.Assist to provide and prepare weekly presentation for sign off by Engineered •Planned Maintenance Supervisor.Assist in the review the picking slips to ensure that cost center allocations are •correct as well as task and item description are aligned to system description.Report all incidents of loss to Protective services immediately.•

Health, Safety and EnvironmentEnsure in compliance to the Health and Safety policies, procedures and •processes.Facilitate and attend daily toolbox meetings and all other safety meetings as •arranged by department.Ensure thorough knowledge of all Health and Safety policies, procedures and •processes.Identify hazard or potential hazard/situations and act immediately on •deviations.Monitor Health and Safety standards within department.•

QualificationsDiploma/Degree in Mechanical or Electrical Engineering•

Knowledge and Experience3 – 5 Years’ experience in Mining environment•2 Years Mechanical/Electrical experience•

Technical SkillsComputer Literacy (MS Office – Intermediate, In-house software )•Time Management and Mechanical / Electrical skill•Logical Thinker and Risk Assessment•Project Management and Project Management•

Behavioural SkillsCommunication (English, Local language advantage)•Handling of pressurised environment and Team player•Cultural Diversity sensitivity and Coach/Mentor•

Pump fitter 4. Number required (1)

MAJOR DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIESPlanning

Follows the “Planned Maintenance Schedule”. (Job Cards) and equipment •instructions.Makes a list of parts and equipment required.•

Implementation of the planIdentify the highest priority for each day and focus on completing relevant •tasks. Ensures good housekeeping. •Ensures Safety requirements are fulfilled at work place, including leading Field •Level Risk Assessment (FLRA) and proper use of the appropriate PPE.Report any safety issues/incidents.Comply with mine’s cardinal rules and other safety, environmental or other •rules and standards as directed. Identifies any hazards in the work place. Maintains and installs piping where required PVC, UPVC or HDPE and •galvanized steel piping. Replaces services and repairs all water pumps.•Maintains the sewage plant.•Maintains all drainage.•Maintains all toilets, showers and basins.•Maintains all relevant kitchen and laundry equipment.•Identifies correct tools to be used, selects correct pipe sizes and fitting to •use.Tests pipes and equipment for leaks.•Attends technical and other training as required by supervisor•

Writing Reports and Data ControlCompile daily; progress reports as requested•

QualificationsGrade 12 for locals (Technical school)•

Knowledge and Experience3 – 5 Years’ relevant experience •

Technical SkillsComputer Literacy (MS Office –basic )•Driving license must have grade 2 or above•Attention to detail•Analytical skill•Boilermaker and welding experience•Problem solving•

Behavioural SkillsCommunication (English)•Integrity•Prioritising skills and multi-skilling• Ability to work towards strict deadlines •High level of Accuracy•

Self-motivation•

General Information and other requirements:Place of Work: Bisha.•Type of contract: Indefinite.•Salary: As per Company salary scale.•

Additional requirement for Nationals: Having fulfilled his/her National Service obligation and provide evidence of release •paper from the Ministry of Defense. Present clearance paper from current/last employer.•Testimonial documents to be attached (CV, work experience credentials, a copy of •your National Identity Card etc.).Only shortlisted applicants would be considered as potential candidates for an •interview.Application documents will not be returned to sender.•All applications should be sent through the post office.•Deadline for application: 10 days from the day of publication in the Newspaper.•

Address: Please mail your applications to;• Bisha Mining Share Company, P. O. Box 4276 Asmara, Eritrea

Note to non - Eritrean applicants: • Please send a copy of your application to Aliens Employment permits Affairs, P. O. Box 7940 Asmara, Eritrea.

continued from page 6


The history of the Tour of Eritrea

It dates back to as early as 2001. It was originally organized by local

organizing committees. Meaning only national clubs would take part. I remember when I first took part in the tour, I had just joined the second division. The spirit back then was incredibly competitive because all of the cyclists came from Eritrea and hence we were familiar with the topography of the country. If I shall mention some of the big names back then; Efrem Tewolde and Yonas Zeccarias are the cycling stars that come to my mind.

So when exactly did UCI come to the picture?

Later on in 2009 the Tour of Eritrea was recognized by UCI of 2.2 category. That is when the national clubs started being

The Tour through the doyen eyes of Mike TikueBillion Temesghen

It is the season of the Tour of Eritrea!!! The highly anticipated yearly event is finally here, this time too, rousing the anticipation of the Eritrean cycling avid fans. This year’s Tour of Eritrea will be hosting four national teams: Eritrea, Rwanda, Sudan and the Republic of South Africa. And six clubs including Sembel, Asbecco, Eritel, Amore Vita, Bike Aid and Global.

Tour of Eritrea and other local races, involving a high calibre of competition and numerous challenges, have been vital stepping stones for Eritrean cyclists who have gone on to conquer and dominate African cycling. Evoking memories of some of the greatest dynasties within world sports, Eritrea has won the last seven African Continental Cycling Championships (an unprecedented feat in the competition’s history).

Eritrea Profile will celebrate this years’ Tour of Eritrea by inviting on today’s Q&A a prominent figure in the history of Eritrean cycling. Michael Tikue is a gem to Eritel Sport Club and modern Eritrean cycling in general.

He took part in almost all of the tournaments of Tour of Eritrea until his retirement in 2012. He still does his due part taking several organizational roles such as that of assistant commissioner and commissar two.

The former cyclist is here with us to share his memories and views regarding the Tour of Eritrea.

accompanied by international teams. Every time the Tour of Eritrea is held though, it is seen with great enthusiasm.

The main d i f f e r e n c e consisted in the technical aspect and in the number of racers. Before 2009 the Tour of Eritrea’s scoring system focused on points rather than time; however after its linkage to UCI it assumed several i n t e r n a t i o n a l standards. Also another difference consisted in the number of racers. When the tour was limited only to local clubs the

number of racers was incredibly high.

Is there a memory you often recall from those days?

Yes. Throughout my whole career I never switched clubs. I started with Eritel Sport Club and submitted my retirement letter to that same club. A memory I often recall from those days is that of my club being champion six in a row!

And after you retired you still kept being involved with the tour, right?

Yes. I retired in 2012, but in 2009’s first tour under the supervision of UCI I was medically unfit to ride so I worked as an

assistant commissioner. Then in the following tour I actually took back on my pedals and made it in the second place. Following my retirement I was involved in many of the tours in the organizational aspects. At times I worked as a commissar two and assistant commissioner.

What do you think of Tour of Eritrea in general?

We talk a lot about professionalism; and being able to have a professionally recognized and standardized tour is a plus to the longstanding culture of Eritrean cycling. It is awaited enthusiastically so I am glad we have it and hope for us to empower

it with time.

Is this years’ tour going to be any different from the previous one?

Very similar, in the sense of sponsorship. Some small changes might be there. The organizing committee has been dedicated to pulling out a successful event and I really hope for this years’ tour to be well-off.

Champions of this tour are mostly Eritreans. I sometimes think that maybe the routes in the tour and the timing of the race being in one of the hottest of the year, were conscious decisions to helping Eritrean racers

accumulate points as they are familiar with the local topography. Am I right to think so?

It might be rare, but there were some foreign riders who took the trophy home in the history of the Tour of Eritrea. Likewise, many Eritrean riders have done well in international arenas. Without necessarily having to be from Europe, for example. I am not denying that tours are often designed to best fit the aptitudes of national riders; however, at the end of the day it is all a matter of how good the cyclists are and how heated the overall spirit of the race is.

Thank you so much!

“A memory I often recall from those days is that of my club being champion six in a row!”

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