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LicensedArchitectAssociation ofLicensed Architects

$6.00Volume 18, No. 2 Summer 2014

What’s Inside:

A Publication of the Association of Licensed Architects

A Publication of the Association of Licensed Architects

ALA 2014 Buyer’s Guide

What to Expect in the 2015 I-CODESArchitect Interview with Julie Snow

Reed Construction Outlook,and much more . . .

ALA 2014 Buyer’s Guide

What to Expect in the 2015 I-CODESArchitect Interview with Julie Snow

Reed Construction Outlook,and much more . . .

2 LICENSED ARCHITECT • VOL 18 NO. 2 • SUMMER 2014

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LICENSED ARCHITECT • VOL 18 NO. 2 • SUMMER 2014 3

Vol. 18, No. 2 Summer 2014

On the Cover

Summit Middle School Johnston, Iowa

Firm:frk architects + engineers

This new middle school is built aroundthe concept of small learning com-munities, with classrooms clusteredinto five distinct learning units. Theselearning communities are organizedaround an open circular media center,capped by a large skylight. Circulationroutes pass through and around themedia center to weave the buildingtogether. The school presents high-tech learning opportunities for its students, bringing together spaces forindustrial science, family and consumerscience, music, and art.

Photography:Design Photography Inc.

FEATURES

14 ADA Advice

6 ALA New Members

23 Buyer’s Guide

47 Chapter News

33 Code Corner

35 Continuing Education

30 Contributed Article

43 Economic Update

15 Featured Architects

12 Insurance Info

10 Legal Issues

28 Membership

6 President’s Letter

40 Second Chances

Architect Interview 8Talking with Julie Snow, FAIA, Principal, SnowKreilich Architects

The Importance of Regular Invoicing 10A lesson on the subject of obtaining payment for one’s services.

by James K. Zahn, FALA, FAIA, Esq.Sabo & Zahn, Attorneys at Law

Change Orders 12Helpful tips for proper documentation of allchanges during the construction process.

by Tom Harkins,Willis A&E

Don’t Stop Playing! 14Recreational facilities can be made accessible for persons with mobility impairments.

by Kimberly Paarlberg, Senior Staff Architect, ICC

2014 Buyer’s Guide 23A valuable resource of architectural manufacturersand service providers for your projects.

The Value of Architects in 30Alternative Dispute ResolutionThere are advantages of arbitration — speed, cost, efficiency, convenience, privacy and expertise.

by Robert Greenstreet, Dean of the School ofArchitecture and Urban Planning atUniversity of Wisconsin - Milwaukee

What to Expect in the 332015 I-Codes - Part 2Learn about what changes to expectin the 2015-I Codes.

by Kelly P. Reynolds, ALA Code Consultant

Open Cell Spray Foam 35Insulation in Commercial BuildingsEarn 1.0 LU in HSW while learningabout spray foam insulation products.

by Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED-AP

Second Chances for Buildings: 40Don’t Get Snowed During Roofing Improvement ProjectsWhat are the implications of addingadditional R-value to an existing roof?

by Timothy M. Crowe, ALA, SE, PEWiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc.

Reed Economic Update 43Reed Construction Data provides a forecast for the construction industry.

by Bernard Markstein, Ph.D., US ChiefEconomist, Reed Construction Data

New Feature:

Architect InterviewTalking with: Julie Snow

ARTICLES

8

PUBLISHER’S INFO

PUBLISHERALA, Inc.

BOARD OF DIRECTORSJeffrey N. Budgell, FALA - PresidentJames K. Zahn, Esq., FALA,

Vice PresidentMark Van Spann, FALA - SecretaryPatrick C. Harris, FALA - TreasurerJoanne Sullivan, Executive DirectorSteven H. Pate, FALA Past President

DIRECTORS:James J. Belli, FALAJudith Brill, FALADavid Dial, ALADoug Gallus, FALARick Gilmore, FALATom Harkins (Affiliate)Kurt Hezner, FALADarrel LeBarron, ALAPat Manley, ALAJeff Whyte, ALA

EDITORSLisa BrooksJeffrey N. Budgell, FALARobert Davidson, FALAPatrick C. Harris, FALASteven H. Pate, FALA

ADVERTISING SALESJoanne Sullivan

GRAPHIC DESIGN/MAGAZINEMidwest Type and Imaging

ALA, Inc. serves the architectural pro-fession. No part of this publicationmay be reproduced or transmitted, inany form without the express writtenconsent of the publisher. Published inthe U.S.A.,© 2014 by ALA, Inc. Allrights reserved.

Opinions expressed in articles are notnecessarily those of ALA, Inc. Any ref-erence to a product or service is notto be construed as an endorsement ofsame.

Advertising published in LicensedArchitect does not constitute nor implyan endorsement or recommendationof the advertiser’s products by ALA,Inc., or any of its members. ALAreserves the right to review all adver-tising for acceptability.

For advertising, or membership infor-mation, call or write Joanne Sullivan at:

ALA, One East Northwest Highway, Suite 200, Palatine, IL 60067Phone: (847) 382-0630;Fax: (847) 382-8380;E-mail: [email protected]

Web Site: www.alatoday.org

- Advertisers -Thank you to our Advertisers. They make this magazine possible.

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ALA Continuing Education ProvidersPlease call upon our CEP Providers to provide seminars

for you and your office.

Boral Stone ProductsChicago Roofing Contractors Association

Energy Center of WisconsinFrantz Ward, LLP

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Ohio Stormwater AssociationSchuyler, Roche & Crisham, P.C.

The Vinyl Institute, Inc.Tremco Barrier Solutions

If you have an address correction, wish to submit news items, press releases, or an article, contact:

Joanne SullivanOne East Northwest Highway, Suite 200, Palatine, IL 60067

Phone: (847) 382-0630 • Fax: (847) 382-8380E-mail: [email protected]

Join Us on

the Green

Join Us on

the Green

- ALA -Annual Golf

OutingFriday

August 15, 2014

TAMARACK GOLF CLUBNaperville, IL

1:00 PM – Shotgun start 6:30 PM Dinner

& Awards Ceremony

- ALA -Annual Golf

OutingFriday

August 15, 2014

TAMARACK GOLF CLUBNaperville, IL

1:00 PM – Shotgun start 6:30 PM Dinner

& Awards Ceremony

THE BEST GOLF OUTINGof The Year!

Register Today. Scramble Format. All levels of play encouraged.

Invite and entertain clients, or join your ALA friends, suppliers, and contractors for golf and dinner. You will enjoy a wonderful day of relaxed golf and excellent food at Tamarack Golf Club,

in Naperville, plus have many chances at great prizes and cash.

- Market Your Company - BE A SPONSOR!

• Hole Sponsor - Display your company name on a sponsor sign - $250

• Lunch Co-Sponsors (2) - Kick off the outing as a Lunch Sponsor - $500

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• Putting Competition Sponsor - Give your company extra recogni-tion and reward the best putters - $400

• 19th Hole Sponsor - Provide appetizers for the hungry golfersduring the cocktail hour - $400

• Scratch Card Sponsor - Display your company name on the backof every scratch card - $500

Great Prizes including the$10,000 Hole – In – One!Make your reservations today!

Register now on www.alatoday.org or call 847-382-0630


ALATHEPRESIDENT’SLETTERALATHEPRESIDENT’SLETTER

ALA Welcomes New Members - Summer 2014

Professional MembersMs. Elizabeth Antonopoulos, ALA Abbott Park, ILMr. Dennis Cabala, ALA Oakbrook Terrace, ILMr. Timothy Clites, ALA Middleburg, VAMr. Craig Elliott, ALA Park City, UTMr. Kenneth Gruskin, ALA Springfield, NJMs. Jennifer Holtz, ALA Deerfield, ILMr. Euisang Lee, ALA Hoffman Estates, ILMr. Alan Pickett, ALA Pella, IAMr. David VanderKlok, ALA Lansing, MIMr. David Widick, ALA West Chicago, ILMr. Hwai Yang, ALA Saint Louis, MO

Senior MembersMr. William Fuller, ALA Cedar, MIMr. Stuart Owsley, ALA Pittsburg, KSMr. James Schloss, ALA Fort Carson, COMr. Yusuf Shaikh, ALA St. Charles, ILMr. Ron Stolarz, ALA Arlington Heights, IL

Associate MembersMr. Joshua Kasper Grand Rapids, MI

This issue of "Licensed Architect" is ourthird Annual "Buyers Guide" which is acomplete listing of all of the Associationof Licensed Architects Affiliate Members,CEP Members and our Advertisers. The"Buyers Guide" is a valuable referencethat all of our Professional Members usethroughout the year. On behalf of theALA Board and its members, I would liketo thank all of our Affiliate members, CEP

members and certainly our Advertisers for their continued sup-port. When you are specifying or purchasing products or servic-es, I encourage you to contact those who support our organiza-tion whenever possible. They are available to answer any ques-tions and provide you with information on your projects.

Don't miss our interview with Architect Julie Snow in this issue!

This issue also includes articles on Insurance, Legal, Code,ADA and an article "Second chances for Buildings: Don’t GetSnowed During Roof Improvement Projects" - a timely topicafter this winter! Additionally, there is a contributed article fromBob Greenstreet on "The Value of Architects in AlternativeDispute Resolution". I am sure you will not be disappointed!Check the ALA website (www.ALATODAY.ORG) for upcomingLunch & Learn and After 5 Seminars.

Also, some upcoming important dates.....

• 2014 Design Awards Declarations of Intent are due by July25th, 2014 (submit two or three of you best designs)

• Sign up for the ALA 2014 Golf Outing at Tamarack GolfClub in Naperville on Friday August 15th

• 2014 ALA Midwest Architecture Conference and Product &Product Show - Tuesday September 30th. This year’sKeynote Speaker is Gordon Gill. More educational sessionshave been added and there is an evening session toaccommodate our attendees’ busy schedules. You can earnup to 8.25 Learning Units this year.

I look forward to seeing you at one of our events!

Jeffrey Budgell

Jeffrey N. Budgell, FALA, LEED APPresident

KELLY P. REYNOLDS & ASSOCIATES, INC.BUILDING CODE CONSULTANTS

NATIONWIDEPHONE 1-(800) 950-CODE (2633)

Fax (866) 814-2633Email: [email protected]

www.kellypreynolds.comFree hot lines (members only)

Corporate Office616 Executive Drive 16182 W. Magnolia StreetWillowbrook, IL 60527-5610 Goodyear, AZ 85338-5518


ulie Snow has been described as anarchitect who balances elegance withpragmatism, and her award-winningfirm’s diverse portfolio of work has

been lauded for its poetic qualities aswell as practical use of materials. This duality,described by one awards jury as "inventionwithin convention," enables her to createdesigns that perform in extraordinary ways.

The firm she founded in 1995, Julie SnowArchitects, Inc., became Snow KreilichArchitects in March of this year, recognizingMatthew Kreilich’s role as partner anddesign principal.

She and her firm have been recognized withnumerous awards: the National AIA HonorAward, Holcim North American Bronze Award,Progressive Architecture Design Award, the

Chicago Athenaeum’s American and Inter-national Architecture Awards, ArchitectureMagazine Annual Design Review, the DesignDistinction Award from I.D. magazine, severalBusiness Week/Architectural Record Awardsand several GSA Design Excellence Awards andCitations. Snow also received the American Aca-demy of Arts and Letters Architecture Award.

She has held several visiting professor posi-tions including the Graduate School ofDesign at Harvard, University of Arkansas,University of Maryland, and Washington

University, St. Louis. After teaching at theUniversity of Minnesota College ofArchitecture and Landscape Architecture, shereceived the Ralph Rapson Award forDistinguished Teaching.

Why did you choose architecture as a profession?My father was an internist, but he discour-

aged me from a career in medicine. He had agood friend who was an architect so my par-ents encouraged me to try it. I went to theUniversity of Colorado to study architectureand haven’t looked back.

What’s your design philosophy?Our design philosophy begins with the

defining each projects architectural per-formance. We have seen a relatively recentexpansion in expectations for design per-formance among our clients. This is excitingfor us, as we read these expectations asincreased design possibilities. Our approachto architecture is to design strategies thatexpand architectural performance.

Do you have a specialty?We started out working for industrial man-

ufacturing clients, who are very pragmatic.They were visionaries who wanted to usearchitecture to reinvent the way they worked.Rethinking the way our clients work and liveand play is at the heart of what we do. Youhave to be willing to dig deeper into the func-tional requirements of architecture to dodesign that’s something special.

Our work has ranged from light rail tran-sit to residential to installations at theWalker Art Museum. We’ve done a lot of workfor businesses.

How is architecture responding to thechanges in the workplace?

We are seeing more collaborative work andpeople are looking for a range of work set-tings. You may have a workstation that is yourprimary place to work, but you can pick upyour laptop and go to another open space andwork. Or you can go to a quiet place to focus.There are few office "kennels" (known ascubicles) any more; there are better ways toproduce collaborative and individual work. Inaddition, we find that an office redesign canbe a way of accelerating corporate change and

ARCHITECTINTERVIEW

Talking with:

Julie Snow, FAIA, Principal, Snow Kreilich Architects,Minneapolis, MN

U.S. Land Port of Entry project in Van Buren, Maine

(Continued on page 9)

“Rethinking the way our clients work

and live and play is at the heart of

what we do.”


of moving from individual-based work. Wehad a manufacturing facility that movedengineers and management in together; iteffectively broke down barriers so that theyfunctioned more as a team.

What are some challenges that you have facedin your work?

One of our challenges involves public proj-ects and how to orchestrate a productive con-versation between the public and an architect.We love being able to create more engage-ment. With the U.S. Land Port of Entry projectin Van Buren, Maine, we were able to haveopen conversations with the public and allaytheir concerns about commercial traffic andeconomic effects. Another example is theredesign of Nicollet Mall in Minneapolis. Wehad strong engagement with the public andfound the input fascinating. It’s especiallyimportant for a designer to understand thepublic’s expectations.

You’ve won numerous awards. How do youdo it?

You have to apply! (laughs). Get a greatphotographer. Then be able to explain whythe building is great, and what it does. We’reespecially proud of the Business WeekArchitec-tural Record Awards and for beingrecognized by the business community forour work. We also appreciate honors such asthe GSA Design Excellence Award for overallperformance, including interiors, landscapeand construction. When we design, we thinkof how architecture has to perform for ourclients, and how it has to advance the archi-tectural conversation.

What about sustainability?There are certain things we can’t afford

NOT to do, even if we sometimes have modestbudgets. A lot of sustainability is commonsense. And there’s not a client out there whodoesn’t consider the cost of energy. Design fordurability, or not at all. Our more enlightenedclients, including the federal government, arelooking for 100-year buildings.

What are some of your more recent projects?A land port of entry in New York, a call cen-

ter in Northern Minnesota for Delta Air Lines,also with Delta, reinventing the airport rest-room, and Lowertown Ballpark, a 7,000-seatstadium for the St. Paul Saints. TheLowertown Ballpark project is all about enter-tainment and making the ballgame a super funexperience for the community of fans. There

are 17 rows, so you’re really close to the field.And it’s a 360-degree walk around the playingfield. It is also about being in a really cool dis-trict within the City of St. Paul.

What’s next?Oh, how about spending time at the

American Academy in Rome (laughs). We wonan award for a 1200-square-foot Lake Superiorweekend house, and we loved that, but wewould like to do some larger projects. Withthose types of projects, which take years,there’s a great investment in design thinking.More than that, though, we want to continueto do projects for people who expect architec-ture to perform in extraordinary ways.

What has been your most gratifying project?The best projects are the ones you are

working on right now. All the possibilities areright in front of you. I do love doing residen-tial projects. In many cases, these are peoplewho just purchased the site they really love.Our job is simply to translate their lives on tothat particular place.

Who are your architectural heroes?Louis Kahn, whose work shows the

strength and beauty of concrete, and at theKimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, he showshow lighting and mechanical systems caninfluence architecture in a profound way. Ilove the abstract and conceptual ideas of Mies

Van der Rohe. The Barcelona Pavilion is sosimple and tiny, yet the space has an abstractquality that is incredibly powerful.

And your current heroes?There’s a vivid conversation going on right

now in architecture. I love looking at every-body’s work, and from each person you’relearning something quite specific.

Do you have a message for young architects?How do you succeed as an architect today?

Just start. There are so many practice models,but you need to look carefully at how you start.It will really influence how your firm develops.If you start your firm doing a lot of residentialwork, you may not get beyond that. Be veryclear about why you are opening a practice. Areyou offering something quite unique?

What’s your advice on weathering the hard times?

If you diversify your practice, you don’t havethe kinds of ups and downs that come with eco-nomic uncertainty. We have always maintaineda high quality of staff, but we are not a big firm.We are agile. We also don’t have specialists. Wehave people who can work on the design, theresearch and all the way through to CA.

What do you do to relax?I read a lot. And we have a weekend house.

And of course, a glass of great wine.

(Continued from page 8)

ARCHITECTINTERVIEW

Lowertown Ballpark, a 7,000-seat stadium for the St. Paul Saints.

1200-square-foot Lake Superior weekend house


LEGALISSUES

The Importance ofRegular Invoicing

decision issued last year by an Illinoisappellate court was unpublished and

therefore does not constitute legalprecedent.1 Nevertheless, it addresses a num-ber of issues of interest to those in the con-struction industry, and carries with it at leastone major, obvious lesson on the subject ofobtaining payment for one’s services.

The plaintiff, Robert Kasinecz, was a gener-al contractor. The defendant, Joseph Duffy,was the owner. Duffy worked with Kasinecz’ssister who introduced her to Kasinecz. Duffywas looking to do some real estate invest-ment, and she showed him some propertiesincluding one in Downers Grove, Illinois.Duffy was interested in rehabbing and flip-ping the house. Kasinecz had been a contrac-tor for more than twenty years.

By the time Kasinecz and Duffy finallyentered into a written contract, the projectwas expanded to include demolition of mostof the old house, and the construction of anew one at a cost of $477,000. Work beganbased on approved drawings, and Duffy madeabout four progress payments totaling about$42,000. Duffy neither asked for nor receiveda sworn contractor’s statement.

Early in 2005, Kasinecz requested anotherprogress payment. Duffy asked to see backup,e.g., copies of checks, receipts, evidence ofpayments to subcontractors, etc. Kasineczeventually handed these over, but they onlycaused Duffy’s suspicion to be aroused, espe-cially about whether one of the signatures ona lien waiver had been forged. Duffy confront-ed Kasinecz at the site, and this confrontationlead to Duffy calling the police. Kasinecz leftthe site, took his tools and workers with him,and did no more work. He also recorded amechanics lien.

Kasinecz foreclosed on his mechanics lien,filing suit against Duffy, the lender and oth-

ers. The case went to trial and, after Kasineczput on his evidence, the defendants moved fora judgment in their favor on the basis thatKasinecz had not given Duffy a sworn con-tractor’s statement as required by themechanics lien statute. The court granted themotion, ruling in favor of the defendants. Thecase went up on an initial appeal, and the trialcourt was overturned on the grounds that,because Duffy had not requested a sworn con-tractor’s statement, and because he was notprejudiced by the absence of such a statement(the time for subcontractors to lien the proj-ect had passed), Kasinecz’s failure to providea sworn statement would not bar either hismechanics lien or breach of contract claim.2

The case was remanded back to the trialcourt, and the trial was resumed where it hadleft off before the first appeal. Unfortunatelyfor Kasinecz, he fared no better the secondtime around. Indeed, he did worse. The sametrial court judge ruled against him on each ofhis claims and also awarded Duffy attorneys’fees. She initially decided that Kasinecz firstbreached the parties’ contract by not givingDuffy written invoices before seeking pay-ments, and subsequently by removing histools and workers from the project site.Secondly, she concluded that Kasinecz neverreached substantial completion, and so couldnot recover in mechanics lien. Finally, shefound that Kasinecz had failed to meet hisburden to establish the value of his work, andso did not allow him to recover under anequitable theory, quantum meruit.3

Kasinecz appealed a second time. However,this time the trial court was upheld, acrossthe board.4 With regards to the breach of con-tract action, the appellate court held thatDuffy was not obligated to pay Kasinecz untilafter he submitted written invoices. Indemanding payment in the absence of written

invoices, then walking away from the job forlack of payment, Kasinecz breached the con-tract first, which excused any later breach byDuffy, assuming such a breach occurred.

During the trial, Kasinecz tried testifyingthat he had invoiced by way of "verbal" invoic-es. While the contract language was a littlevague, it merely required "invoicing," the trialjudge had interpreted this provision to call forwritten invoices, and the appellate courtaffirmed. The "invoicing" requirement in thecontract called for written invoices, period,end of story.

Kasinecz also tried arguing that Duffy hadnever actually requested written invoices.However, this argument was rejectedbecause, pursuant to the contract, no pay-ment was owed without an invoice. Kasineczwalked off the site due to lack of payment, butDuffy was justified in not paying based on thelack of a written invoice alone. Importantly,the appellate court noted that Duffy had madea few progress payments without havingreceived an invoice, and raised the possibilitythat he might thereby have waived the writ-ten invoice requirement. However, becauseKasinecz never argued "waiver" per se, thecourt on appeal did not take up that issue.

On Kasinecz’s mechanics lien claim, theappellate justices noted that, if a contractordoes not complete its work, it is not entitledto lien rights securing the owner’s obligationto pay for equipment, labor or material pro-vided before the stoppage of work. They wenton to further note that, while full perform-ance is not necessary, substantial completionof the work is. However, they also then wenton to delineate the evidence put on at trial tosubstantiate how far short of substantial com-pletion fell Kasinecz, e.g., interior finishesnot yet begun, no installation of mechanicalequipment, missing doors and windows,

by James K. Zahn, FALA, FAIA, Esq Sabo & Zahn, Attorneys at Law

(continued on page 32)


INSURANCEINFO

Change Orders

by Tom HarkinsWillis A&E

hanges that occur during a construc-tion project are one of the most liti-gated issues in construction. No mat-ter how well your project is designed,

managed and administered, changes willinevitably occur due to any number of reasonsthat are not the fault of the designer includingchanges in site conditions, hidden and unfore-seeable conditions, or even owner requestedchanges. Proper documentation of all changesthat occur during the construction project isparamount to mitigating your exposure tothese types of claims.

Common causes for Change Orders arethe following: (a) the project's work wasincorrectly estimated, (b) the customer orproject team discovers obstacles or possibleefficiencies that require them to deviate fromthe original plan, (c) the customer or projectteam are inefficient or incapable of complet-ing their required deliverables within budget,and additional money, time, or resourcesmust be added to the project, (d) during thecourse of the project, additional features oroptions are perceived and requested, (e) thecontractor looks for work items to add to theoriginal scope of work at a later time in orderto achieve the lowest possible base bid price,but then add work items and fee back on oncethe contractor has been hired for the work.This is an exploitative practice and a projectmanager then typically generates a ChangeOrder that describes the new work to be done(or not done in some cases), and the price tobe paid for this new work. Once this change

order is submitted and approved it generallyserves to materially alter the original contractsuch that the change order now becomes partof the contract.

There is an unwritten understanding inthe design and construction communitythat the average number of change orderson a project run from 3%-5% of the value ofconstruction of the project, and as high as10%-15% for renovations work. Add to thatfast track the percentages can be even high-er. We say unwritten because the above list-ed ranges is where the statistical averageshave run. There is a recent movement toattempt to codify this percentage in thehopes of creating a floor for standard ofcare discussions.

Error/Omission Change Order Policy. XXX reserves the right to recover from the

A/E all or a portion of the costs associatedwith change orders issued to correct errors orwork omitted in the construction documentsprepared by the A/E. Consequential damages,including any delay of work or damagesincurred by other parties due to errors andomissions may be included in the recovery.

Withholding of Payments.XXX may withhold payments, in whole or

in part, for a material breach of the agree-ment, including but not limited to, the A/E'sfailure to perform services or meet the sched-ule, design errors or omissions, failure to payconsultants and failure to adhere to terms of

this agreement.The problem with the above two clauses

for the design professional is that your clientis the judge and jury in determining yournegligence vs. a court of law or mediator. Inneither case are the parties rendering deci-

sions on the standard of care sophisticatedenough to understand the underlying causesof the need for Change Orders.

Solutions?The negative consequences of Change

Orders can be prevented with proper plan-ning and implementation of sound changeorder documentation practices.


“The negative consequences of

Change Orders canbe prevented with

proper planning andimplementation of

sound change orderdocumentation

practices.”


ADAADVICEADAADVICE

Don’t Stop Playing!by Kimberly Paarlberg, RA Senior Staff Architect, ICC

How can recreational facilities be madeaccessible? By providing an accessible routeto that facility, and in some situations, ways tomove into that play environment. The intentof the recreational requirements in theInternational Building Code (IBC) is to allowfor persons with mobility impairments to par-ticipate to the best of their abilities. It is notthe intent to change the playing or nature ofthe game or recreational activity, but rather toallow for diversity and creativity.

Requirements for accessible recreationalfacilities have been in the IBC for a long time,however, in the 2015 IBC recreational facili-ties will have its own section in Chapter 11,Section 1110. The Code TechnologiesCommittee, through the work of a committeelooking at coordination between the 2010ADA Standard for Accessible Design and theIBC, developed proposals to coordinate thetwo documents. This was all part of continu-ing the work in the 2009 ICC A117.1Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities(ICC A117.1). The 2009 edition of the ICCA117.1 is referenced in the 2012 and 2015IBC; and has a Chapter 11 that includes all thetechnical criteria for how to make recreation-al facilities accessible.

Probably the most significant piece of thechanges is not actually in Section 1110 of the2015 IBC, but in Chapter 2 – a definition forthe term "area of sport activity."

AREA OF SPORT ACTIVITY. That portionof an indoor or outdoor space, where the playor practice of a sport occurs.

The broad term, "area of sport activity",addresses indoor and outdoor courts, fields

and other sport areas. Examples are basketballand tennis courts; practice areas for dance orgymnastics; baseball, soccer and footballfields; skating rinks; running tracks; or skate-board parks. The phrase ‘portion…where theplay or practice of a sport occurs", variesdepending on the sport. Football fields includethe playing field boundary lines, the end zonesand the space between the boundary lines andsafety border. Players may run or be pushedinto this safety zone during play. In football,this safety zone is used as part of the playingfield, and is therefore included in the area ofsports activity. Some of the areas listed underthe recreational facilities specifically addressedin Section 1110 (i.e., bowling lanes, exerciseequipment facilities, miniature golf, and pools)are also considered areas of sports activity;however, they have additional requirements.

The overall basic scoping in the IBC requir-ing recreational facilities to be accessible hasnot changed greatly in the 2015 edition of themodel building code. In Group R-2, R-3 and R-4 occupancies 25%, but not lessthan one of each type of recreation-al facility provided must be accessi-ble. If there are multiple buildingson a site, with each one or eachgroup having its own facilities, thisscoping would apply to each group.For example: If an apartment com-plex provides one pool and threetennis courts, this would meanthat the pool and at least one tenniscourt would be required to beaccessible. For all other occupan-cies, all recreational facilities must be accessi-ble. What was added is that if the Group R-2 or

R-4 contains Accessible units, then all recre-ational facilities must be accessible. This mayaffect facilities such as college dormitories.

The major change was actually the clarifi-cation of what was required to make a recre-ational facility accessible, and a series ofexceptions. The basic idea was to allow forsomeone with mobility impairments to get tothe recreational facility and participate to thebest of their ability. It is not the intent that thebasic nature of the game to be changed.

For areas of sports activity not specificallyscoped with additional requirement in Section1110, an accessible route is required to the areaof sports activity. The area itself is not subject toany other accessibility requirements such as sur-face requirements (e.g., the playing surface canbe made of grass, sand or dirt), slope (e.g., thesurface can be curved or sloped at any angle suchas a skateboard park) or subject to protrudingobject criteria (e.g., the net on a volleyball courtcan be elevated across the playing surface).

Section 1110 has some additional criteria

for specific types of facilities. Exceptions foraccessibility were added that are based on how

“We don’t stop playing because we grow oldwe grow old because we stop playing."

– George Bernard Shaw


pages 16-17, 18-19, 20-21

Introduction to

Featured Architects

Introduction to

Featured Architects


F e a t u r e d A r c h i t e c t

Exp Federal is a member of the exp family of companies and delivers Federal customers best-in-class services in architecture, engineering, technical consulting, commissioning, and program

and project management. Exp has been supporting U.S. missions across the country and around the globe formore than 50 years. With 3,000 professionals in over 100 offices, exp provides highly specialized expertise, inno-vative approaches, management solutions, and technology applications. Exp Federal’s success is earned by anability to seamlessly integrate best practices, innovations, and technologies into Government projects.

Exp Federal specializes in mechanical, electrical, plumbing, architectural design, and fire protection engineeringservices for a wide range of customers and, most notably, the U.S. military. The company has, for example, heldmultiple IDIQ contracts and executed more than 75 projects for the Army Corps of Engineers over the past 5years. Other Federal customers include the Naval Facilities Command, the Department of State, the Departmentof Energy, GSA, the FAA, the Veterans Administration, and the intelligence community. Our website, www.expfed-eral.com, features a variety of recent projects.

Government customers require a focus on quality, timeliness, and cost efficiency. Exp Federal’s success is reflectedin high evaluation ratings and accolades from our valued Federal customers.

Warriors in Transition ComplexFort Bragg, NC

Exp Federal provided site design and engineering services forthe 15-acre complex at Fort Bragg. In coordination withUSACE, Fort Worth COS HQ, and the individual base masterplanners, exp Federal provided site design, survey, utility coor-dination, transportation engineering, and geotechnical investi-gation services for the MATOC RFP package.

Brigade Combat Team(BCT) Headquarters Complex

Fort Stewart, GA

Exp Federal performed surveying, full design,and construction management services for a two-

story brigade complex that included a networkoperations center, data center, Sensitive

Compartmentalized Information Facility (SCIF),battle operations center, and several tactical

operations offices. The 40,000 sf building wasdesigned to LEED Silver criteria and includedanti-terrorism/fire protection (AT/FP) features.



Warren Burger Federal Building & U.S. CourthouseSt. Paul, MN

Exp Federal provided exterior and interior design of the 485,000 sf Federal building including a redesign of the entry plaza,security integration, interior renovations, and the addition of five new District and Magistrate Courtrooms. This project receivedthe Distinguished Building Award, Divine Detail Award from AIA Chicago, and the Design Excellence Award.

Organizational Training CenterFort Stewart, GA

Exp Federal provided architectural, site,and civil engineering services, as well assurveying and construction administrationfor this new single-story 16,000 sf brigadetraining center at Fort Stewart. This facili-ty features electronic training classroomsbased on the 21st Century training doc-trine and has been designed to achieve aLEED Silver rating.



Celebrating over 90 yearsof service, frk architects +engineers is one of the

most established architectural firms in the state of Iowa. Our teamof professionals serves clientele from both the public and privatesectors – designing facilities for educational, community, com-mercial, and recreational activities. We approach each project,large or small, as an opportunity for a unique and creative solu-tion tailored to the client and site. Known for the technical quali-ty of our documents and efficiency of our designs, frk coordinatescomplete architectural services, allowing us to manage the entireprocess of successfully transforming an initial concept into the fin-ished project.

Throughout the years, frk has designed a wide variety of build-

ing types; with an emphasis in the design of educational facilities.We have become known as one of the leading architectural firmsin educational design, serving numerous school districts andHigher Ed institutions.

Sustainable design plays a key role in each of our projects,with an emphasis on healthy environments, use of sustainablematerials, and energy efficiency as a means to create archi-tec-ture that serves not only the client's needs but the greater com-munity as well.

frk’s staff includes talented architects, inventive engineers, cre-ative designers and responsive administrative personnel. We takepride in being attentive listeners and dedicated partners whoshare a common goal of helping our clients build innovative,beautiful and economical facilities.

Clinton High School Pool AdditionClinton, Iowa

This athletic addition to the Clinton HighSchool replaces an outdated pool with anew state of the art, eight lane competitionswimming pool. The design also includes awarm-up/cool-down and instructional pooladjacent to the main pool. Windows arepositioned to allow diffuse natural light intothe space while avoiding glare for bothswimmers and spectators. The facility alsoprovides an additional gymnasium,wrestling, aerobics and wellness spaces forthe district, with a planned phase two reno-vation of the existing building.

Eagle Heights Elementary Clinton, Iowa

Situated on a hilly site with adjacentwooded areas, the building is designed

to take advantage of the slope and views.The plan is arranged as a two story struc-

ture that tucks into the hillside, acting as a"walkout" on the lower level, allowing

access to the building at grade on bothlevels. The two story classroom wings fan

out along the main circulation spine andcontain alcoves in each room with large

sun shaded windows. The light filledmain entry is situated between the class-room wing and the common spaces and

allows the building to function for afterhours use by closing off the entire class-

room area.

Photos: Design Photography Inc.

Photo: Design Photography Inc.



Johnston High School Johnston, Iowa

This new high school is the first step in the implementationof a master plan to re-configure the Johnston CommunitySchool District to better serve its growing enrollment. frk

teamed with Perkins+Will to facilitate a series of user driv-en workshops that shaped the future of how Johnston highschool students would learn. The concepts developed out

of the workshops informed the design of the new facility.Filled with natural light and open spaces that foster collab-

oration and teamwork, the 360,000 SF facility will breakground in the summer of 2014.

Rendering: Perkins+Will

Waukee High School Addition Waukee, Iowa

The academic addition and renovation toWaukee High School adds 22 new class-rooms increasing the capacity from 1,200students to 1,800. The classrooms areorganized around a dynamic glassenclosed library which includes an openreading loft. The project also successfullyintroduces more color and vibrancy to theschool by means of updated finishes and aprominent gold wall that extends from inte-rior to exterior of the building, and acts asa way-finding device.

Photo: Paul Gates Photography

Summit Middle School Johnston, Iowa

This new middle school is built around the concept of small learning communities, withclassrooms clustered into five distinct learning units. These learning communities areorganized around an open circular media center, capped by a large skylight.Circulation routes pass through and around the media center to weave the buildingtogether. The school presents high-tech learning opportunities for its students, bringingtogether spaces for industrial science, family and consumer science, music, and art.

Phot

os: D

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rap

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STR creates environments that enrich the learningexperience for both students and teachers. The firm’sspaces not only facilitate and complement education,but also delight and inspire students and educators.

Celebrating its 45th year of commitment to and lead-ership in school architecture, STR continues torespond to the natural evolution of pedagogy, tech-nology, and society. STR’s 21st-century learning spacesencourage collaboration, problem-solving, and proj-ect-based learning. The firm integrates the latest tech-nology in instruction, holistically engages stakeholdersin the design process, and promotes sustainable,healthy environments.

STR’s architectural design practice is uniquely comple-mented by two independent, dedicated resources:STR Consulting, experts in cost estimating and sched-uling, and STR Building Resources, experts in the artand technology of the building envelope.Headquartered in Chicago, STR operates offices inArlington Heights, IL, Milwaukee, WI, Madison, WI,and Indianapolis, IN.

Leading STR’s exceptional practice are Jan Taniguchi,AIA, LEED AP, CEFPI-REFP; Michael Henderson, AIA,LEED AP, CEFPI-REFP; Colby Lewis, AIA, LEED AP;and Jennifer Costanzo, AIA, LEED AP.

SARAH E. GOODE STEM ACADEMY Chicago, IL

An example of STR’s commitment to sustainability, Sarah E. Goode isthe first LEED Platinum certified new high school in Illinois.Sustainable features include ground-source heat pumps with centralenergy recovery, demand-control ventilation, solar thermal hot waterpool heating, green roofs, and continuous dimming daylight controls.The building performs at a 40% savings over ASHRAE 90.1-2004.

Rusticated horizontal bands of textured brick create subtle shadows andtexture to the building envelope. The extensively landscaped site con-nects students to the community and includes trails, bike paths, com-munity gardens, bird sanctuary and athletic fields. An STR-designed cis-tern diverts potable water from roofs to irrigate public gardens.

Note: STR-Nia Collaborative is the firm for this project

Photo by: Jim Steinkamp, Steinkamp Photography

Photos by: Steve Hall/Hedrich Blessing



LINCOLN MIDDLE SCHOOLSchiller Park, IL

Lincoln Middle School’s design is a reflection of a progressive child-centered cur-riculum and project–based approach to education. The 3-story "Wow Space"with inset compass greets students, and is an organizational and inspirational

building feature. Grade-level floors include classrooms, labs, project rooms andlearning terraces, all outfitted with mobile furnishings. The second-floor learningcenter opens onto an outdoor green reading terrace. The cafeteria doubles as a

theater with retractable tiered seating and a stage.

The building’s copper cladding pays homage to the Lincoln penny, while theangular aluminum canopy references the aircraft wings at nearby O’Hare Airport.

TIOGA AND JOHNSON ELEMENTARY SCHOOLSBensenville, IL

The embodiment of 21st Century learning environments, these two mod-ern schools reflect the evolving pedagogy and philosophy of the client.Flexible six-room classroom houses are designed for both large and small-group instruction and collaboration. House "living rooms," InnovationLabs, and contemplation spaces create a variety of opportunities for formaland informal learning experiences.

Crisp white brick exteriors combined with natural stone walls and coloredglass-accented window systems create visual interest and vibrancy. Theunique design of each building’s high-bay learning centers and diningareas serve as identifying signatures.

Photos: Steve Hall/Hedrich Blessing

Photos: Steve Hall/Hedrich Blessing


the elements are used and for safety concerns.The criterion is logical, which makes it veryeasy to follow. The next portion of this articlewill step through some of the scoping criteria.Each will indicate if the allowance was in pre-vious editions or is new.

➤ Remaining - Since bowling lanes repeateach other, only 5% of bowling lanes and theirassociated team or player seating areas arerequired to be on an accessible route.

➤ Remaining - If you have court sports, mostgames have you switch sides during the courseof the game. An accessible route is required toboth sides of the court without leaving theimmediate area.

➤ Remaining - Boxing and wrestling ringsare raised to allow for a line of site from theaudience to the ring – similar to a stage. Theseunique types of facilities are not required to beon an accessible route or be accessible.

➤ Remaining - In order for a judge or refer-ee to see the entire playing surface, they maybe sitting on a raised platform or high chair.Areas used solely for refereeing, judging orscoring are not required to be accessible orbe on an accessible route.

➤ New - Animal containment areas that arenot public use areas are not required to beaccessible. ‘Public use area’ is defined as‘…made available to the general public’.There may be areas of a facility, such as ahorse riding arena, where portions of thefacility are not open to the general public(i.e., horse stalls and corrals). Those areas arenot required to be accessible or be on anaccessible route. Areas such as the ridingarena would have to be on an accessibleroute. The arena itself could be a dirt floor.

➤ New - Amusement rides that move a per-son through a fixed course and along a spe-cific route are required to be accessible to theextent specified. Typical examples would be aroller coaster, a ferris wheel, a ride that movesthe rider along to view different scenes (i.e.,omnimover), swing or pendulum rides. Notethat there is an exception for these types ofrides that are mobile or portable. There arealso types of rides that do not have a fixedcourse. For example, the portable amuse-ment rides that come in each year for theState or County Fair are not required to beaccessible. In an amusement park, rides suchas bumper cars, do not move along a fixedcourse. These rides should have the entranceon an accessible route, but they are not

required to provide additionalaccessible features.Rides thatare covered need a route to theload and unload areas, andeither a way to allow for a per-son to transfer from theirwheelchair to a seat on theride or to move the wheelchair onto the ride.Practically speaking, you also need a place toleave the wheelchair while someone is on theride. Rides specifically designed for childrenor rides that do not have seats, are notrequired to provide this transfer capability.

➤ New - Boat piers that serve boat slips orlaunch ramps are required to be part of anaccessible route and to have some locationsthat allow for transfer from the pier to a boat.The number or transfer locations are depend-ent on the type and number of slips provided.In the ICC A117.1 standard there areallowances for locations where the rampbetween the land elevation and the water eleva-tion vary greatly because of tides or topography.

➤ New - Fishing piers and platforms are alsorequired on an accessible route. In the ICCA117.1 standard there are allowances for loca-tions where the ramp between the land eleva-tion and the water elevation vary greatlybecause of tides or topography, similar to boatpiers. There is also the intent to coordinatewith safety requirements due to concernsabout falls. If a 42" high guard is provided, therequirement for a lower portion of rail toallow for a sitting person to fish is waived.

➤ New - Where exercise equipment is provid-ed, an accessible route is required to at leastone of each type of machine provided. Thereare no requirements to provide transferdevices, or change the nature of the equip-ment itself. (ICC A117.1 has a specific excep-tion for operable parts on exercise equip-ment.) Access to exercise equipment is neces-sary for persons whoare in a recoveryprocess from a tem-porary disability, andfor persons with dis-abilities that need tomaintain the musclesthat they use to oper-ate their equipment.It is not the intent torequire an accessibleroute to each groupof exercise bikes ifthey happen to be by

different manufactures. When there is a ques-tion, looking at the specific group of musclesthe exercise equipment is intended to developprovides a clue to determine different types.

➤ New - Miniature golf has been a family pas-time for decades. Undulating or sloped playingsurfaces, changes in level, shooting through anobject with a surprise as to where it comes out;all help make the game interesting. Half of theholes provided must be on an accessible routeand meet the technical criteria in the ICCA117.1. The standard allows for the accessibleroute to be on the playing surface or adjacentwhere a certain reach can be maintained.Limited curbs are permitted across the route inorder to keep the ball in play.

In order that a person does not have tomove through other holes that may be in play,the accessible route must not travel throughnon-accessible holes. There can be a one breakin the route for the accessible holes, as long asthe last hole is included in the route.Traditionally that is the hole where the playercan shoot to win a free game or a prize. Forexample, in an 18-hole course, you couldmake holes 1 through 5 and 15 through 18the accessible holes. Possible routes will varydepending on the layout of the facility.

➤ New - Swimming pools are required tohave a route to them and a route into thewater. The ICC A117.1 offers several differentoptions for access into the water depending onthe type and size of the pool. There is anexception for the route into the water for

(continued from page 14)


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HORTON AUTOMATICS AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTOR(Northern Illinois and Northwestern Indiana)


Kelly P. Reynolds & Associates, Inc.Kelly Reynolds16182 West Magnolia, P.O. Box 5518Goodyear, AZ [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .800-950-CODE

Access Elevators, Inc.Frank Wasilewski1000 Industrial Dr., Ste 2CBensenville, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-616-6249

EHLS/To The Top Home ElevatorsElizabeth Crandall210 W. Campus Dr., Ste BArlington Heights, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-215-9490www.tothetopelevators.com . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-403-0120

ARC Imaging ResourcesGlen Prezembel1429 Jeffrey DriveAddison, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . .630-629-6900

Image GrilleRonald Schatz1032 West DriveSouth Elgin, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-214-8283

Konica Minolta Business Solutions, U.S.A., Inc.Bruce Thorne2001 Butterfield Rd., #900Downers Grove, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . .847-725-7945kmbs.konicaminolta.us . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cell: 847-217-0919

Digital Printing and Document Distribution

Conveying Equipment

Studio Design-STCheryl Tkacz1529 S. Wayne RoadWestland, MI [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734-728-5040

PCI-IWDawn Parker910 West Roscoe Street #1Chicago, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312-505-1858

Practice ClarityJean Leathers21335 North Park DriveCleveland, OH [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440-773-6587

R M Klein ConsultingRena Klein978 E. 11th Ave.Spokane, WA [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206-898-9740

B&F Technical Code Services, Inc.Richard PiccoloPO Box 957648Hoffman Estates, IL [email protected]@bftechcs.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-490-1443

Code Consultants

Business Consultants

Concrete

Architectural Firms

ALA 2014BUYER’S

GUIDE


Tree Towns Imaging & Color GraphicsMark Wells542 Spring RoadElmhurst, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-521-8431www.treetowns.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-832-0209

Tinkers Creek Watershed PartnersTeresa BarnesPO Box 444Twinsburg, OH [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . .513-785-4142

Night Light, Inc.Dean McMorris148 Eisenhower Lane NorthLombard, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-627-1111

Berg Engineering Consultants, Ltd.Brian Berg801 West Wise Rd.Schaumburg, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-352-4500

Felton EngineeringDavid Felton112910 W. Hawthorne LaneNew Berlin, WI [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414-425-6630

Larson Engineering, Inc.Joseph Tinder1488 Bond Street, Suite 100Naperville, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-357-0540

Moshe Calamaro & Associates, Inc.Moshe Calamaro930 Pitner Ave., Ste. 7Evanston, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-733-0015

The Hill GroupBrian Teyema11045 Gage AvenueFranklin Park, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-451-5000

Ameristar Fence ProductsMark Kirby500 N. Marley Rd.New Lenox, IL 60451 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .815-600-0486

Exterior Improvements

Engineering

Electrical/Lighting

Earthwork

Chicago Plastering InstituteJohn Manley5611 West 120 StreetAlsip, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .708-371-3100

JG Innovations, Inc.Jack GricePO Box 8128Janesville, WI [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608-314-8710

Shaw Contract GroupGreg Huntley916 S. 7th StreetSt. Charles, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . .630-417-4196

Tate Access FloorsDavid Bessert210 Quincy LaneRoselle, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-893-0886www.tateinc.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-336-8772

GMB & Associates, LLCGreg Bednar4120 S. Victoria CircleNew Berlin, WI [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414-659-2462

Arch Construction Management., Inc.Patrick Coveny15 Spinning Wheel Rd. #404Hinsdale, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-654-0537www.arch-cm.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-652-3090

WaterFurnaceScott Niesen9000 Conservation WayFort Wayne, IN [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260-442-5374

WaterFurnace is the most trusted, experienced and respectedgeothermal brand in the industry. Thirty plus years of design andmarketing experience. WaterFurnace excels in product innova-tion and service to our installing dealers and system owners.

Geothermal Energy

General Contractors

Furnishings

Finishes

ALA AnnualSponsor


Hafele America Co.Sherry Kaye154 W. Hubbard St.Chicago, IL [email protected]/us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312-467-2225

Zehnder America, Inc.Joshua Kantor540 Portsmouth Ave.Greenland, NH [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603-422-6700

Financial Security GroupGeorge Silfugarian3025 Highland Pkwy., Suite 400Downers Grove, IL 60515george@financialsecuritygroup.netwww.financialsecuritygroup.net . . . . . . . . . . .630-874-6751

Holmes Murphy & Associates, Inc.Reid Just10 East Doty Street, Suite 800Madison, WI [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .800-527-9049

M.G.Welbel & Assoc., Inc.Michael Welbel650 Dundee Road, Ste. 170Northbrook, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-412-1414

USI MidwestMelissa Roberts234 Spring Lake DriveItasca, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-625-5222

Willis A&E GroupTom Harkins233 S. Wacker Dr., Suite 2000Chicago, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312-288-7342

Signature Design Group, Inc.Greg Sagen132 N. Washington Street, Ste. ANaperville, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-305-3980

Heley, Duncan & MelanderMark Heley8500 Normandale Lake Blvd., Suite 2110Minneapolis, MN [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .952-841-0219

Legal Services

Landscape Design

Insurance and Financial Providers

HVAC

Hardware - Cabinet and Furniture Crivello, Carlson, S.C.Joshua Levy710 N. Plankinton Ave., Ste. 500Milwaukee, WI [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414-271-7722

Frantz Ward, LLPMark Stockman2500 Key Center, 127 Public Square Cleveland, OH [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216-515-1615

Sabo & Zahn, Attorneys at LawJames Zahn401 North Michigan Ave., Ste. 2050Chicago, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312-655-8620

Schuyler, Roche & Crisham P.C.Jeffrey Kubes180 N. Stetson Ave., Suite 3700Chicago, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312-565-8484

J. N. Lucas & Associates, Inc.James Lucas7106 Magoun Ave.Hammond, IN [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .773-731-6857

Bricks IncorporatedBrent Schmitt723 S. La Salle StreetAurora, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-897-6926

Brick Industry AssociationMegan Seid1850 Centennial Park DriveReston, VA [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .703-620-3928

Custom Building ProductsHoward Jancy13001 Seal Beach Blvd.Seal Beach, CA [email protected] . . . . . . . .312-515-9215

Illinois Brick CompanyDeborah McGlynn8995 W. 95th StreetPalos Hills, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .708-237-5606

Indiana Limestone CompanyCraig Alwine301 Main StreetOolitic, IN [email protected] . . . . . . .812-275-3341

Masonry

Manufacturer Representative


Northfield, an Oldcastle CompanyStephen HuntOne Hunt CourtMundelein, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847 949-3600www.northfieldblock.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847 894-2190

Rauch Clay Sales CorporationChristian Metz3037 S. Christiana Ave.Chicago, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .773-254-0775www.rauchclay.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .773-457-0901

Stone DesignTom Ozzello598 Mitchell RoadGlendale Heights, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-545-4205

Tesko Custom MetalRobert Skonieczny7350 W. Montrose Ave.Norridge, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . .708-452-0045

Andersen Windows, Inc.Kellan Dillon2310 Cowper Ave.Evanston, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . .312-375-1876

Doors For Builders, Inc.Yuri Nekrasov850 Lunt Ave.Elk Grove Village, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . .773-964-6043www.doorsforbuilders.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-981-9900

Marvin Windows & DoorsVivian Kahler4142 Milford LaneAurora, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-470-0119

Pella Windows & Doors, Inc.Chris Carpenter2505 Enterprise CircleWest Chicago, IL 60185 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-682-4500

Tee Jay Service Co., Inc.Thomas SafranPO Box 369Batavia, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-406-1406

Openings

Metals

Tubelite Inc.Walt Lutzke3056 Walker Ridge Dr. NW, Suite GWalker, MI [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .616-808-2549

GraphisoftKent Brown2178 Vermont StreetRolling Meadows, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-338-8165

Moen IncorporatedMark Madden340 West PotomacLombard, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-661-3994

Toto USAMike Harrigan500 N. Wells StreetChicago, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-433-8980

World DryerJohn Potts5700 McDermott DriveBerkeley, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . .815-258-6443www.totousa.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .708-449-6950

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Automation Design + EntertainmentPeter Cook6475 Technology, Suite AKalamazoo, MI 49009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269-217-2350peter@automation-design.comwww.automation-design.com . . . . . . . . . . . . .269-324-6072

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

International Leak DetectionChris Eichhorn, RRO2064 River Rd. South, Ste. 1-SDes Plaines, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .866-282-5325

Nelson Testing LaboratoriesMark Nelson717 Industrial Dr.Elmhurst, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-501-0230

Testing Laboratories

Technology

Specialties

Software


Advanced Building Products, Inc.Patrick Duffy283 Inverway, Inverness, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-705-9190

BITECBrandon Keefe39W372 W. Mallory Dr.Geneva, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-746-8497

CertainTeed GypsumAmy LeeP.O. Box 860Valley Forge, PA [email protected]/Gypsum . . . . . . . . . . .800-233-8990

Chicagoland Roofing CouncilBill McHugh4415 W. Harrison St., #436Hillside, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .708-449-5266

IKOGreg Pietraszek6 Denny Rd, Suite 200Wilmington, DE [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312-576-5243

LP Building ProductsAmber Hitch414 Union St., Suite 2000Nashville, TN [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615-986-5611

NexGen Building SupplyJohn Mandigo1099 Greenleaf Ave., Elk Grove Village, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-303-9800

ParksiteMatthew Reed38W631 Callighan PlaceGeneva, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .800-338-3355www.parksite.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-788-0969

Prosoco Inc.Gary HayesPO Box 7, Batavia, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-715-6375www.prosoco.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .800-255-4255

Shaffner Heaney Associates, Inc.Phillip Eenigenburg2508 South Main StreetSouth Bend, IN [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847-651-2002

Thermal and Moisture Protection TracoMichelle Goodeve6110 Hilly WayCary, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . .312-965-3517

Tremco Barrier SolutionsErik Schremp471 Wren LaneHudson, WI [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .952.221.6010

Baird's Drapery ServicesRobert Zenk14007 S. Bell Road #305Homer Glen, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312-226-3300

Chicago Regional Council of CarpentersKeith Jutkins12 E. ErieChicago, IL [email protected]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312-787-3076

Hoover Treated Wood Products, Inc.James Gogolski154 Wire RoadThomson, GA [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .800-TEC-WOODwww.frtw.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .706-990-8963

International Beams, Inc.Annette Bobko1343 Main Street, #602Sarasota, FL [email protected]/en . . . . . . . . . .941-366-5246

The Vinyl Institute, Inc.Terry-Anne Murphy1737 King Street, Suite 390Alexandria, VA [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571-970-3359www.vinylindesign.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410-917-0539

Wood Products CouncilArchie Landreman1405 16th Street, Suite 2481Racine, WI [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262-672-4746www.vinylindesign.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262-497-5550

WeyerhaeuserJoe Youman220 Brookshire Ct.Naperville, IL [email protected] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630- 778-7070

Wood, Plastic and Composites

Window Treatments


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rbitration established a solidfoothold in the dispute resolution ofconstruction disputes severaldecades ago, largely due to the

high volume of cases which were causing asignificant backlog in the traditional systemof litigation. The alleged advantages of arbi-tration — speed, cost, efficiency, conven-ience, privacy and expertise—werewell received at the time, and itbecame a successful alternative tothe existing court system.

Regardless of the much vaunted(although occasionally debatable)benefits of arbitration in speed andcost, the biggest shift in dispute res-olution was arguably the introduc-tion of a legion of new professionalsinto the process drawn from archi-tecture, engineering and the con-struction fields. These individuals broughttheir specific expertise and experience to com-plex disputes, providing insights into con-struction issues that legally trained personnel— attorneys and judges — might lack. Theycould also, it was argued, demystify the legalcomplexities and jargon of a hearing, cutthrough the usual jurisprudential require-ments and strategies of the traditional court-room (summary judgments, extensive depo-sitions, etc.) and generally simplify the wholematter. For architects, arbitration became auseful additional professional pursuit towhich their architectural skills could be putto good use.

Arbitration became a legitimate alternative

to the courts, becoming a prerequisite instandard forms of contract (such as the seriesproduced by the American Institute ofArchitects) and was eventually supplementedby the addition of mediation as another viablemeans of alternative construction disputeresolution. Once again, mediators weredrawn from diverse professional fields,

including architecture, to infuse the resolu-tion of disputes with non-legally trained butequally valuable individuals.

By all accounts, arbitration and mediationare still viable forms of alternative dispute res-olution within the construction industry, butto what degree has the infusion of design pro-fessionals into the process been successful?

Statistical evidence would suggest that,despite the initial encouragement of architectsto join the arbitration ranks, the field hasbecome largely the province of the legal pro-fession. A recent article1 estimates that 63% ofarbitrators on the American ArbitrationAssociation Construction Panel are attorneys,while only 7% are architects. At an observa-

tional level, it is also obvious at continuingeducation seminars and workshops that thegreat majority of attendees are lawyers andonly a handful of practicing arbitrators repre-sent alternative fields. Certainly, in theauthor’s experience, many of the arbitratorsand mediators drawn from the ranks of archi-tecture have either ceased to practice dispute

resolution or are called upon sorarely as to make their mandatorycontinuing education questionable.

While disappointing for non-attor-neys, the domination of the ‘alterna-tive’ dispute resolution process isperhaps not entirely surprising. Asmany arbitrators are chosen basedupon the advice of attorneys, itshould not be surprising that theywould demonstrate a preference forbeing judged by others within their

own discipline. Fellow attorneys (or formerjudges) will understand disputes from a legalperspective, and be more attuned to the lan-guage and the legal strategies that will beemployed by the attorneys at each hearing.They will be well versed in the rules of evi-dence which, although these don’t necessarilyapply in arbitrations, provide well-tested rulesof engagement for the participants and areless likely to be ignored or misunderstood.Perhaps most pertinently, they will share acommon approach to dispute resolution basedupon their education, training and experi-ence, and are therefore more predictable intheir deliberations. By contrast, architects(notoriously right-brained, kinetic types)

CONTRIBUTEDARTICLE

The Value of Architects inAlternative Dispute Resolution

by Robert Greenstreet,Dean of the School of Architecture and Urban Planning at University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee


“Architects should not giveup on alternative dispute resolution, and should be

encouraged to pursue trainingin arbitration and mediation.”


CONTRIBUTEDARTICLE

could have the perception of being less pre-dictable in what they may allow in the moreinformal hearing proceedings of an arbitra-tion, what they will understand of thejurisprudential crafting of an argument andultimately in the formulation of their finaldecisions. Given the considerable costs of dis-pute resolution, even in arbitration, thestakes are high and some level of predictabil-ity in the likelihood of the outcome isinevitably a priority.

While perhaps a reasonable argument canbe made to prefer legally trained arbitratorsover design-based ones (at least from thelawyer’s perspective), there is still, however, avery good rationale for including architects inthree-person arbitrations when dealing withhighly complex technical disputes. Their per-spective and experience can provide a valuableviewpoint to the intricacies of the case thatcan complement and inform the legal view-point. However, there is an even strongerargument to include architects in mediations,when they are the sole facilitator in the reso-lution of a dispute.

For a start, mediators do not provide abinding decision on a dispute, but merelyfacilitate discussion and try and help the par-ties to reach agreement on a mutually agree-able (or perhaps mutually disagreeable) solu-tion. Attorneys displeased with their perform-ance are therefore not disadvantaged duringthe proceedings. They can walk away at anytime during the proceedings, or pursue moreformal dispute resolution alternatives at theconclusion of the mediation. More impor-tantly, design professionals are trained in away that gives them skills eminently suited tomediation. Unlike the legal profession whichis trained in the adversarial approach to dis-pute resolution, architects are trained to col-laborate with the diverse parties in the build-ing process, to compromise their design ideasin the face of financial, legal and regulatoryforces (not to mention client preference) andto think creatively about various alternativesthat could meet the design problems in ques-tion. These are all attributes that can facilitatea satisfactory conclusion to the dispute, andare coupled with their expert insight into the

construction field. In fact, there are evenarguments2 that individuals schooled in theadversarial approach of law lack the necessarycollaborative skills to satisfactorily concludemediations, and that previous professionalexperience — such as legal practice — maybe an impediment to the process.3

Architects should not give up on alterna-tive dispute resolution, and should be encour-aged to pursue training in arbitration andmediation. While their presence may notalways be preferred within the law-dominatedsystem, they bring unique skills to the tablethat can be effective in resolving constructiondisputes, and have a valuable part to play inthe process.1. Altschuler, M. J. "Arbitrating Before a Non-Attorney

Construction Industry Neutral," Dispute ResolutionJournal, Nov. 2008-Jan. 2009, pp. 15-20. The remainder ofthe arbitrators are usually drawn from the ranks of gener-al contractors, engineers, sureties or developers.

2. Currie, C. "Should a Mediator Also be an Attorney?"Mediate.Com, Aug. 2000.

3 .Neilson, L.C. "‘Mediators’ and Lawyers’ Perception ofEducation and Training in Family Mediation," MediationQuarterly, 12 (2) 1994, pp. 165-184.



openings to the elements in the roof and onlyframing and sheathing of walls completed.On this evidence, the trial judge held thatKasinecz had not substantially completed andso had no lien rights against the property. Shewas affirmed on appeal on this same basis.

When it came to quantum meruit, theappellate court ruled against Kasinecz on analternative ground, namely that he could notrecover under this quasi-contractual cause ofaction because, simply, he had entered into awritten contract.5 Quantum meruit is anequitable substitute when, for whatever rea-son, the parties have failed to enter into avalid contract. However, Kasinecz did enterinto a contract with Duffy, and even thoughhe couldn’t recover under it, he couldn’trecover in quantum meruit either due simplyto the existence of that contract.

While not a precedent under the law due toits being unpublished, the Kasinecz case pro-vides some excellent nuts-and-bolts guidancefor those looking to avoid some common pit-falls. For starters, if you want something inwriting, whether it be approvals, certifica-tions or, as in this case, invoices, be sure tomake that a contract requirement. Duffy slidby with some contract language that franklywas a little ambiguous, but a party is almost

always better off with clear, unambiguouscontract language at the start rather than aclear, unambiguous appellate court ruling atthe end, and only after a trial.

If the contract spells out a requirement, nomatter how seemingly mundane or evensuperfluous, do it. The only exception wouldbe if the parties agree, in writing, either towaive that particular contract requirement oramend their contract so as to no longerinclude it.

If the contract calls for the other party todo something, insist they do it or you maywaive that requirement. What’s more, thatwaiver might turn out to be a big mistake.Here once again, Duffy came out smellinglike a rose, but quite possibly only becauseKasinecz failed to raise the issue, a happen-stance upon which a party would be well-advised neither to count nor to rely.

If you intend to assert mechanics lienrights, make sure your work either is sub-stantially complete or that you have a legallyjustifiable reason for not having been able toreach substantial completion. By way ofexample only, being terminated withoutcause would be one such justification.

Finally, and most significantly, always peri-odically bill in writing and exactly as called

for by the contract terms. Regular, periodicinvoices are just good business practice in anyevent. However, as Kasinecz learned the hardway, not invoicing can result in a completeforfeiture of one’s ability to recover for workperformed but never compensated.1 Illinois Supreme Court Rule 23(e)(1) provides in perti-nent part that unpublished orders are "not precedentialand may not be cited by any party except to support con-tentions of double jeopardy, res judicata, collateral estop-pel or law of the case."2 That initial appeal, Kasinecz v. Duffy, No. 2-10-0156, 2011Ill. App. Unpub. LEXIS 834 (2d Dist. Mar. 10, 2011), alsoresulted in an unpublished decision and so it also does notconstitute precedent under the law. In fact, this wasrecently noted by another Illinois appellate court, in a pub-lished opinion which refused to excuse a party’s failure toprovide a sworn contractor’s statement. See Cityline v.Roberts, 2014 IL App (1st) 130730, ¶ 22.3 Quantum meruit is pleaded in the alternative. It assumesthe absence of a contract, but nevertheless allows forrecovery to the extent of the value of the work performed.4 Kasinecz v. Duffy, 2013 IL App (2d) 121329-U. 35 This was actually the same ground upon which the trialcourt denied Kasinecz quantum meruit relief before thefirst appeal, before denying him such relief the secondtime around based on his failure to prove the value of hisservices.

LEGALISSUES(continued from page 10)

James K. Zahn, FALA, ESQ. SABO & ZAHNAttorneys at Law401 North Michigan Avenue • Suite 2050Chicago, Illinois 60611(312) 655-8620 • E: [email protected]

swimming pools that serve Type A and Type Bdwelling units in Group R-2, R-3 and R-4.Group R-2 with Accessible units, such as dor-mitories, cannot use this exception.

When hot tubs are grouped, 5% must be

accessible. Per ICC A117.1, the accessiblehot tub can use a pool lift or a transfer wallto allow access into the water.

Raised diving boards, diving platforms and

water slides are notrequired to be accessible.When the swimming poolat the bottom is only forthe slide, swimmers arenot permitted there forsafety reasons. This catchpool is not required tohave an accessible routeinto the water.

➤ New - There are a variety of shootingfacilities that are used for target practice.Typically this is a practice range for shoot-ing handguns, rifles, shotguns or archery,and where the participants aim at fixed tar-gets, decoys or clay pigeons. These facilitiescan be constructed inside or outside. Anaccessible route is required to at least 5% ofthe firing position at each type of arrange-ment provided.

There are technical criteria of golf coursesand playgrounds in the ICC A117.1. At thistime, the IBC does not include any specific

exceptions or allowances for these types ofrecreational facilities.

Facilities that support recreational facilities,such as parking lots, concessions stands, lock-er/bathrooms, team and player seating, viewerseating, must be accessible per the scopingrequirements through Chapter 11 of the IBC.

The intent of these provisions is to allowfor equal access for all persons to partici-pate in sport and recreational related activ-ities to the best of their ability. This couldbe considered analogous to the approach,enter and exit requirements for employeework areas. We all need a place to work, liveand play.


ADAADVICEADAADVICE

“The playing adult

steps sideward into

another reality; the

playing child advances

forward to new stages

of mastery.”Erick H. Erikson


CODECORNER

What To Expectin the 2015 I-Codes - PART 2In the last issue I explained some of the changes coming to the 2015 editions of the IBC, IRC & IMC.

Here are selected changes for other 2015 I-Codes.

2015 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE◆ Decorative material requirements were revised to be more compre-

hensive and provide more details for healthcare occupancies.

◆ Section 910 was revised to address overall smoke removal.Mechanical smoke removal requirements are now revisedand clarified.

◆ CO (carbon monoxide alarms) requirements revised to makeinstallation requirements clearer and relocated by Section F360-13. Educational (E use group) occupancies were added as regu-lated occupancies.

◆ Limited area fire sprinkler system provisions are now more com-prehensive.

◆ A new IFC (and IBC) Section 915 replaces and greatly expandsupon existing Section 908.7 on CO detection and alarm provisions.

2015 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE◆ Public toilet facilities are not required for occupancies that have

limited areas for public access. (Author’s Note) This would includeplaces where you just pick up your meal or product and leave andthat do not have seating. I have battled for this for years. There isstill a requirement for employee toilets.)

◆ Water temperature limiting devices are required for footbaths andhead shampoo sinks.

◆ In a replacement water heater installation when a nearby drainpoint is unavailable for the required pan, a code modification per-mits the pan to be used without a drain line.

◆ Fixtures such as water closets and urinals that utilize nonpotablewater must be identified with words and a symbol indicating such.The color purple has been established for identifying water distri-bution piping conveying nonpotable water.

◆ The application of a primer to drain, waste and vent PVC pipingand fittings prior to solvent cementing is not required for pipe thatis 4-in. or less.

◆ Condensate pumps located in uninhabitable spaces and used withcondensing fuel-fired appliances and cooking equipment must beconnected to the appliance or equipment to prevent water damageif the pump fails.

◆ The ventilation system for enclosed parking garages must operatecontinuously or be automatically controlled for intermittent oper-ation utilizing both CO and nitrogen dioxide detectors.

◆ New text regulates the design and construction of exhaust shafts thatserve domestic kitchen exhaust systems in multi-story buildings.

◆ Remove obsolete requirements that encouraged oversize piping ofhot water piping to restrooms. Insulation of nearly all hot waterpipes in new commercial buildings. (Ever have to run the waterfor a long time until it becomes hot? This code change shouldresolve that problem.)

2015 INTERNATIONAL FUEL GAS CODE

◆ The section on protection of piping has been completely rewritten.

◆ Line regulators installed in rigid piping must have a unioninstalled to permit removal of the regulator.

◆ Specific installation requirements were added for the safeinstallation of ANSI Z21.69 connectors to commercial cook-ing appliances.

◆ Some new text recognizes the use of dryer exhaust duct powerventilators (DEDPV) for installations that exceed the allowableexhaust duct length for clothes dryers.

by Kelly P. ReynoldsALA Code Consultant


If you have a code question, you can call me at: 1-800-950-2633 or email: [email protected]☞


CODECORNER

2015 INTERNATIONALENERGY CONSERVATION CODE

◆ Climate-appropriate alternative added for buildings located inTropical Zones.

◆ In the residential requirements, the inclusion of the Energy RatingIndex Compliance Alternative as another other path adds moreflexibility of the IECC.

◆ Separate Chapters relating to existing buildings were created inboth IECC-Commercial and Residential Provisions.

2015 EXISTING BUILDING CODE◆ Requirements related to the addition of sleeping units and

dwelling units as they relate to the requirements for Accessibleunits. Type A units and Type B units have been relocated toChapter 11 on Additions.

◆ The different levels of change of occupancy as required in Chapter10 have been clarified.

2015 INTERNATIONALSWIMMING POOL & SPA CODE

◆ The term "pool and spa" replaces the previous "aquatic vessel"throughout the code.

◆ Fall protection guards for springboards that are greater five (5) feetabove the pool deck are now required. The guards will significant-ly reduce injuries from falls from the springboards.

◆ Public pools are now required to have signage indicating how tocontact emergency services by phone.


Consider the following:

■ Utilize the site visit to properly documentthe progress of the file to head off ChangeOrders by:

• Establishing actual status of the workversus where the progress should be

• Document and communicate any devia-tion of the construction schedule to Ownerand Contractor

■ Put every change order in writing in a changeorder log describing the change intended andwhy the change order was requested.

For example:

• Owner requested

• Material substitution due to unavailabili-ty of the specified materials

• Difference in site condition (informationfurnished by others)

• Hidden or latent defect on the site

• Contractor requested

• Change in law after Contract Documentssubmitted for permitting

• Subsequent and contradictory interpre-tation of code after Contract Documentssubmitted for permitting

■ Create a Change Order Excel Spreadsheetthat is maintained and able to be quicklyfurnished to the owner and contractor.

■ Organize a meeting of key players inadvance, including the general contractorand subcontractor to discuss ChangeOrders and come to agreements relative tothe reason for same.

■ Conduct an in-house peer review of work-ing drawings, specifications and otherkey documents.

■ Scrutinize drawings closely from projectconcept to the final stage and invite out-side review.

■ Keep communications open with ongoing,on-site project meetings.

■ Review and revise critical documents sev-eral times during the life of a project.

■ Create and use functional checklists.

■ Participate in workshops and trainingrelated to improving document quality.

■ Establish accountability for everyone atevery stage of document development.

■ Update any system that obstructs develop-ment of quality documents.

■ Carry out a timely project post mortem toidentify problem areas.

■ Have a strict company policy, that no onebut the owner can waive, requiring thatdirectives be in writing before any work willbe done that is over and above or differentfrom what is called for in the contract.

■ Be specific. To avoid misunderstandings,Change Orders should spell out in detailthe additional work that is requested ornecessary, and they should be signed anddated by all applicable parties. They shouldalways include whatever drawings, specifi-cations, cost estimates, new deadlines andpayment terms are necessary to completethe additional work.

■ Don’t agree to open-ended ChangeOrders. Also known as "time and materialsagreements," these can blow up yourbudget and strain contractor/owner rela-tionships since they allow the contractorto charge for work as it proceeds andmaterials and supplies as they are needed.Instead, owners are wise to ask for a fixedsum agreement that obligates the con-tractor to perform work for an agreedupon sum. The contractor must absorbcosts if they are greater than estimated or,conversely, can make a greater profit ifcosts are less than budgeted.

■ Confirm conversations with a letter imme-diately. If you have to see a lawyer, you willbe able to explain what happened withmore than "he said and I said."

Willis A&E is the specialist practice groupwithin Willis exclusively dedicated to provid-ing insurance and risk management solutionsto Architects and Engineers. Contact TomHarkins at [email protected].

INSURANCEINFO(continued from page 12)


Open Cell Spray Foam Insulation in

Commercial BuildingsA high performance affordable option

for wall and roof assembliesprovided by ICYNENE, Inc.


Association ofLicensed ArchitectsContinuing Education

Learning Objectives:

After reading this article, you will be able to:

• Identify the characteristics of open cell sprayfoam that make it suitable for high perfor-mance roof / attic assemblies and exteriorwall assemblies.

• Investigate the inherent energy performanceand cost saving effectiveness of low densityopen cell insulation when insulation and airbarrier are provided in one.

• Recognize the ability of open cell sprayfoam insulation to combat moisture infiltra-tion into construction assemblies and add tobuilding durability.

• Assess the various ways that open cell insula-tion contributes to environmentally sensitiveand green buildings.


hen selecting insulation products,architects have a broad range ofchoices. Foam insulation productsare often selected because theyhave consistently been shown to

provide superior overall thermal perform-ance contributing to greater energy andoperating cost savings. In particular, opencell spray foam insulation can insulate andair seal wall and roof / attic assemblies incommercial buildings quite effectively, eco-nomically, and efficiently.

Overview of Open Cell Low DensitySpray Foam Insulation

Spray foam insulation relies on using twodistinct manufactured ingredients that aremixed and formed in the field by skilled appli-cators. As soon as the two parts are mixed, achemical reaction begins causing the liquidmixture to foam, expand, and eventually takeits final shape. This type of application meansthat the sprayed insulation readily conformsto the shape of the surfaces it is being appliedto while its chemical make-up ensures that itadheres to those surfaces.

Within the industry, there are severalcommon types of spray foam insulation. Forpurposes of this article, we are going tofocus on low density, open cell insulation.

For context, low density foam is has aninstalled density of approximately one halfpound per cubic foot compared with medi-um density at two pounds. Some high densi-ty foam is also available at approximatelythree pounds per cubic foot.

Open cell spray foam insulation effective-ly blocks heat transfer with a tested R-valueof approximately R-3.5 to R-3.7 per inch. Itssofter make-up means that it can sealaround the edges and perimeter of stud cav-ities and any penetrations in a flexible man-ner. Some of the other benefits of open cellinsulation are acoustic control, vapor per-meability, and cost efficiency.

Low-density open cell spray foam insula-tion can be used in many common commer-cial building envelope locations such asexterior walls where it is sprayed from theinside against sheathing or roof / ceilingassemblies where it is similarly sprayedinside of sheathing or roof decks. It can alsoexpand the horizon of better performanceopportunities compared with fibrous orrigid board insulation options because of itsinherent air tightness. This is particularlytrue in non-typical locations such as cathe-dral ceilings, cantilevered floors, uncondi-tioned space separations, and other unusualshapes. Further, it is particularly good at fill-ing in and sealing around irregularities inany of these locations.

When it comes to code compliance, manylow-density spray foam products areapproved for all construction types indicatedin the International Building Code (IBC)including type I, II, III, IV, and V construc-tion (check with manufacturer for specificcompliance details). Low-density sprayfoam can also be used in assemblies thatrequire a fire rating and can meet specificIBC fire requirements for the use of plasticsin wall assemblies. When used in framingcavities, the IBC is clear about requiring a

protective barrier, designated as a thermalbarrier, such as a layer of _ inch gypsumboard (or an intumescent coating) on interi-or surfaces.

Integral Air Barrier Creates Optimal Building Performance

For commercial projects, open cellspray foam insulation delivers very highbuilding performance by providing threedistinct capabilities in a one-step applica-tion. First, it controls conductive heatflow through an assembly by virtue of itsdirect insulating value. A second means ofoptimizing performance with open cellspray foam comes from its inherent abilityto prevent air to flow through it unlikefiberglass insulation.

Third, and perhaps as significant as R-values, is the ability of the open cell sprayfoam to act as a full, integral air barrierthat controls air leakage into and out ofconstruction assemblies and the building.

It should be noted that while open cellinsulation is an effective air sealant, it doesallow water vapor to diffuse through it.Hence, in cold climates (climate zonesMarine 4 and higher) a warm side vaporretarder (e.g. vapor retardant paint) will beneeded to control vapor diffusion in anexterior wall or unvented attic assembly.

Overall, the use of spray foam insulation,then, goes beyond just R-values and trulyaddresses a comprehensive way to optimizeenergy efficiency making the thermal per-formance arguments for using open cellspray foam insulation very compelling.

“An environmentalissue specificallyrelated to spray

foam insulations isthe required use of

a blowing agentto allow the sprayfoam to be mixed

and installed.”



Cost Effectiveness of Open Cell Insulation

Achieving the multiple properties of ther-mal insulation and air sealing in a singlestep obviously saves labor and materialcosts. This is usually seen as the first andmost obvious contributor to the cost effec-tiveness of open cell spray insulation. Somearchitects working in cold climates (all ofCanada and Zones 5 to 8 in the U.S.) maystill select medium-density foam thinking

that they can also get an integral vapor bar-rier in the one product. However, the costdifference between the higher density foamis much greater than the cost of using a sim-ple vapor retarder.

From an installation standpoint, open celllow-density foam can be applied in a singlecontinuous application without regard fordepth. This is in contrast to most closed cellmedium density insulation that is limited to2" lifts to allow setting and curing. Hence,

the open cell installation is quicker andtherefore reduces labor cost.

Perhaps one of the biggest contributorsto the cost effectiveness of open cell, lowdensity insulation is its inherently highyield. In this context, yield is a measure ofthe coverage capability of foam. Low-densi-ty foam has a yield that is three to fourtimes higher (100:1 versus 30:1) than medi-um density foam.

Enhancing Building Durabilitywith Open Cell Insulation

Durability of a construction assembly anda building relies on the integrity of materialsremaining intact during the full service lifeof the building. The biggest common threatto that integrity is damage from moistureseeping into enclosed cavities and causingdamage to materials or structural compo-nents of a system. According to ASHRAE,moisture damage contributes to 90% of allbuilding and building material failures.

The predominant source of this unwanteddamage causing moisture is from air leakagewhich carries that moisture with it throughopenings or irregularities into wall and roofassemblies. In this case, low-density opencell spray foam insulation can play multipleroles in preventing moisture laden air frompenetrating into a building assembly. By cre-ating an effective air seal to begin with, thepotential for air leakage and moisture pene-tration is reduced notably. If any moisturedoes get through, the insulation itself helpsto prevent it from condensing by keepingthe moisture laden air from meeting coldexterior surfaces.

In roof assemblies, this quality can make iteasier to spot the source of leaks and thereby



Low DensityOpen Cell1/2 - Pound

Water BlownSemi RigidAir Barrier

R-values _ 3.2 to 4.5

Medium DensityClosed Cell2 - PoundRigid FoamAir Barrier

Vapor BarrierR-values _ 5.5 to 7.4


permit any roof repairs to be made more easily. Separate from air leakage, the other

means for vapor to enter an assembly isdirect diffusion through materials. This rais-es the question of whether or not a vaporretarder is needed to stop that diffusionwhen open cell spray foam insulation isused. In the warmer U.S. climate zones 1through 4, an interior vapor retarder is notrequired by code, with the exception ofplaces where high interior relative humidityis present such as indoor swimming pools.In other climate zones or locations where aseparate vapor retarder is required, it canoften be achieved by using vapor retarderpaint which creates a full and continuousbarrier to moisture diffusion.

Properly designed and installed then, roofand wall assemblies in commercial buildingsthat use open cell spray foam insulation andappropriate vapor retarders will notablyreduce the chance of moisture damage andcontribute to the overall durability and longterm integrity of the building.

Environmental and GreenBuilding Contributions of OpenCell Insulation

For architects, building owners, contrac-tors, and occupants, low-density open cellspray foam insulation has been shown to bea valuable component of green and sustain-able building design.

Both LEED 2009 and LEED v. 4 place astrong emphasis on reducing the use of fos-sil fuels and increasing the use of non-pol-luting renewable energy. Open cell low den-sity spray foam insulation has been shown tocontribute to excellent thermal performanceboth by contributing to higher, more com-plete R-values and by reducing air infiltra-tion. In order to receive points in the Energy

Optimization category the building mustdemonstrate a percentage increase in energysavings in accordance with ASHRAE stan-dards. The number of points availabledepends on the degree of energy savings.

From a life cycle analysis standpoint, thehigh yield of low-density foam makes itmore resource-efficient than medium-densi-ty foams, requiring fewer raw materials toachieve equivalent thermal performance.Overall, because of the impact on energy usereduction, the average building life cyclesavings can be 10 times the initial invest-ment in construction costs.

The ability to help keep moisture out ofconstruction assemblies allows open cell lowdensity insulation to safeguard indoor envi-ronmental quality a focus of LEED. Not onlydoes it help prevent mold and other prob-lems from forming, it doesn’t contribute toproblems either. The blowing agent for open

cell insulation is water so there are nochemicals that can out-gas or create envi-ronmental health concerns. Further, someopen cell insulation products are compliantwith Collaborative for High PerformanceSchools (CHPS) EQ 2.2Section 01350 inaccordance with the California Departmentof Health Services Standard Practice.

An environmental issue specifically relat-ed to spray foam insulations is the requireduse of a blowing agent to allow the sprayfoam to be mixed and installed. Materialsused as blowing agents are rated based ontheir Global Warming Potential (GWP) bycomparing it to other materials. The refer-ence point for GWPs is the most basic green-house gas of carbon dioxide with a GWP rat-ing of 1, the lowest on the index. Since manyopen cell spray foam insulations use onlywater and carbon dioxide the lowest possibleGWP is achieved.

CONCLUSION Open cell spray foam insulation is a logical

and proven choice for commercial buildingsas well as residential buildings. It can reduceupfront insulation costs by taking advantageof its higher yield and ability to provide an airbarrier without complex air sealing and fin-ishing procedures and materials. It alsomakes it easy to address hard-to-insulateareas like floor areas over unconditionedspace, complicated framing, etc. It allowsarchitects to explore high performancedesign options not feasible with other formsof insulation in buildings with complexangles, curves, domes, etc. From an energystandpoint, it has been shown to reduceongoing energy costs by up to 50% by creat-ing an integral air-barrier to minimize airinfiltration, while maintaining long-termthermal (R-value) performance. These lowerenergy requirements can translate to lowerHVAC loads and associated equipment costs.From a user perspective, the open cell insula-tion can improve the indoor environmentwith more consistent building envelope per-formance to enhance workplace productivity,performance and occupant comfort. For thearchitect and design team, open cell low den-sity spray foam insulation provides a highperformance solution that enhances, not lim-its, design possibilities in commercial build-ings. For the building owner, it contributes toa durable, efficient building that can attracthigher occupancy rates and building valueswell into the life of the finished building.

“For architects,building owners,contractors, andoccupants, low-

density open cellspray foam insulationhas been shown to

be a valuable component of green

and sustainable building design.”



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Certification: (Read and sign below)I hereby certify that the above information is true and accurate to thebest of my knowledge and that I have complied with the ALAContinuing Education Guidelines for the reported period.

Signature: Date:

Program Title:

Open Cell Spray Foam Insulationin Commercial Buildings

ALA/CEP Credit: This article qualifies for 1.0HSW LU of State Required Learning Units andmay qualify for other LU requirements. (Validthrough June 2016)

Instructions:• Read the article using the learning

objectives provided.• Answer the questions.• Fill in your contact information.• Sign the certification.• Submit questions with answers, contact infor-

mation and payment to ALA by mail or fax toreceive credit.

QUIZ QUESTIONS1. Open cell spray foam insulation effectively

blocks heat transfer with a tested R-value ofapproximately:

a. R-5 to R-7 per inchb. R-3.5 to R-3.7 per inchc. R-2.5 to R-5 per inchd. R-3.17 per inch

2. When it comes to code compliance, manylow-density spray foam products areapproved for construction types in theInternational Building Code (IBC) including:

a. Type I constructionb. Type III construction c. Type V construction d. All of the above

3. A means of optimizing performance withopen cell spray foam comes from its inherentability to

a. prevent air to flow through it unlikefiberglass insulation

b. allow air to flow through it just like fiber-glass insulation

c. accelerate convection currents in a framing cavity

d. None of the above

4. The yield of open cell low density spray foamcompared to closed cell medium densityspray foam is:

a. the same between the twob. low-density open cell foam yields 3 to 4

times more coverage than mediumdensity closed cell

c. medium density foam yields 3 to 4 timemore coverage than low density

d. low density foam yields 100 times morethan medium density

5. An obvious labor and material saving of opencell spray foam insulation is

a. It’s very low initial costb. It’s very high R-value reducing energy

costs over timec. It’s ability to completely insulate and air

seal a framed wall cavity in one step d. It’s pre-mixed make-up from the

manufacturer

6. Low-density open cell spray foam can beused in fire-rated wall assemblies:

a. True b. False

7. The open cell make-up of low density sprayfoam insulation helps manage any bulkwater present by:

a. acting as a vapor barrier to prevent it’s intrusion

b. trapping it inside the cells and preventing it from moving

c. allowing it to drain away and enhancing the ability of the assemblyto dry out

d. filling the cavity completely so no watercan get in

8. In all U.S. climate zones an interior vaporretarder is not required when open cellspray foam insulation is used.

a. True b. False

9. Since many open cell spray foam insulationuses only water and carbon dioxide as theblowing agents it’s Global WarmingPotential (GWP) is rated at:

a. 3,400b. 2,700c. 20d. 1

10. From a life cycle analysis standpoint, thehigh yield of low-density foam makes itmore resource-efficient than medium-densi-ty foams, requiring fewer raw materials toachieve equivalent thermal performance.

a. True b. False

Learning Objectives:

ALA Continuing Education Questionnaire -Open Cell Spray Foam Insulation in Commercial Buildings


• Identify the characteristics of open cell spray foam that make it suitable for high performance roof / attic assemblies and exteriorwall assemblies.

• Investigate the inherent energy performance and cost saving effectiveness of low density open cell insulation when insulationand air barrier are provided in one.

• Recognize the ability of open cell spray foam insulation to combatmoisture infiltration into construction assemblies and add to building durability.

• Assess the various ways that open cell insulation contributes toenvironmentally sensitive and green buildings.



uilding renovation and adaptive reuseprojects often involve exterior envelopeupgrades. Ideally, this is done whilemaintaining the character of these

older buildings. When modifying older roofsystems, there are opportunities to enhancetheir energy performance. Energy conserva-tion codes have recommend the increasingthe insulation within building exteriorenvelopes, such as the walls and roofs toreduce energy consumption needed to heatand cool buildings. This is clearly a worth-while venture, but the consequences of addinginsulation must be considered. Upon lookingat roof systems, initial reviews using snow

loads based on codes in effect at the time thestructure was originally constructed may con-clude that supplemental insulation results in anegligible amount of additional load to thestructure. However, in cooler climates, it isalso important to consider the snow loadsassociated with adding insulation to increasethe R-value to the roof. (Note that R-value is ameasure of resistance to heat flow through agiven thickness of material.)

Starting with the R-valueTo illustrate the implications of adding

additional R value to an existing roof, it is nec-essary to review the design criteria in effect

when the building was constructed. As recent-ly as approximately thirty years ago, the build-ing industry seemed to pay little attention tothe need for insulation in roof systems. Priorto the 1970s, no specific insulation require-ments were imposed on buildings. UniformBuilding Codes from the 1960s through thelate 1970s only stipulated that the use of com-bustible insulation was permitted, provided itwas covered with an approved material in alltypes of construction, but no R-value require-ments were noted.

Energy usage first became a concern with-in the building code organizations after the oilembargo of 1973. About this time, theNational Conference of States on BuildingCodes (NCSBC) asked the National Bureau ofStandards (NBS) to develop a draft perform-ance standard for energy efficient buildings.The NBS issued an interim report 74-452,which was further developed by the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE).ASHRAE subsequently released a consensusstandard 90-75 in conjunction with the U.S.model building code organizations. ThisASHRAE 90-75 document was ultimately pub-lished by the Council of American BuildingOfficials (CABO) and became known as theModel Energy Code (MEC) in 1977. However,there was resistance in the building industryand it was not until the late 1980s that build-ing codes began to include requirements toimprove energy performance.

SECONDCHANCES

Second Chances for Buildings:

Don’t Get Snowed During RoofingImprovement Projects

by Timothy M. Crowe, ALA, SE, PEWiss Janney Elstner Associates, Inc.

Figure 1. Excessive snow and snow drifting accumulation on commercial building.


The 1976 Uniform Building Code (UBC)required that insulation should be a rigidtype that suitable to receive a roof covering.The 1976 UBC required that a "vapor barrier"be installed over the roof deck when the aver-age winter temperatures were expected to bebelow 45 degrees for where excessive mois-ture conditions were anticipated within thebuilding. This code still did not include min-imum R-value requirements.

The first US code to include an EnergyConservation Section was the 1978 BuildingOfficials Code Administrators Building Code(BOCA). In this document, R-value require-ments were quite low by today’s standards.The 1978 BOCA established minimum R val-ues of the entire roofing assembly for com-mercial buildings ranging from 10 to 17,based on heating degree days for the regionin which the building was located. Forroof/ceiling assemblies in which the finishinterior surface is essentially the undersideof the roof deck, such as a wooden cathedralceiling, the R value could be reduced to 12.5for any heating degree day area, for residen-tial buildings less than three stories.Similarly, at this time the UBC includedcomparable requirements and referencedthe MEC.

Through the 1980s, ASHRAE furtherdeveloped its standards for commercial andhigh-rise buildings, and in 1989 publishedStandard 90.1-1989, "Energy EfficientDesign of New Buildings Except Low-RiseResidential." This standard, which onlyapplied to new construction, utilized anequation to calculate insulation require-ments. Subsequently the InternationalEnergy Code has evolved and additionalrequirements for insulation increases havefollowed. The most recent edition is the 2012International Energy Code. This codeincludes R-value requirements for insulationalone in the commercial roof systems thatrange from 25 to as high as 49.

Considering the SnowWhile changes in insulation requirements

were occurring, adjustments were also beingmade to code prescribed snow loads. Morespecifically, the American StandardsAssociation, Inc. ASA A58.1 which precededthe American National Standards Institute,Inc. ANSI A58.1, and are the predecessors tothe American Society of Civil EngineersMinimum Design Loads for Buildings andother Structures (ASCE7), are consensus

standard that had been the basis for designsnow load criteria for the model buildingcodes. The International Code Council ICCadopts ASCE7 for building design loads. Thefollowing is a brief outline of snow loadchanges over the past sixty years:

• ASA A58.1 - 1955, provided snow loadmaps that identified estimated weight ofsnow pack for a ten-year reoccurrence,based on information provided by the U.S.Weather Bureau at that time. Reductionsin snow loads were permitted for roofslopes that exceed 20 degrees, but a mini-mum roof live load of 20 psf was main-tained, to consider loads attributed to roofrepair and maintenance. Requirements forspecial snow load conditions were deferredto the local building official. The standardstates that the designer must be cognizantof such conditions but no criteria were pre-sented for drifting snow loads.

• ANSI A58.1 - 1972 provided snow loadmaps for 25 year, 50 year, and 100 yearmean reoccurrence intervals for groundsnow load. The reoccurrence levels wouldbe applied based on anticipated risk tohuman life or building occupancy (i.e., a25 year reoccurrence for buildings with nohuman occupants or negligible risk tohuman life; a 50 year reoccurrence for allpermanent structures; and 100 year reoc-

currence for high risk of hazard to threatto life and property, in case of failure).Snow load reductions were permitted forslopes that exceed 30 degrees (an increasefrom the previous version), and up to a 40percent reduction was permitted at fullyclear exposed roofs, unobstructed by wind.The standard also included provisions fordrifting snow, with drift height limit equalto three times the ground snow load,where the snow density was assumed to be15 pcf. Special snow load zones were rec-ognized through the mountain regions inthe western United States.

• ANSI A58.1 - 1982 provided a singlesnow load map and introduced importancefactors to adjust loads for building occu-pancies and anticipated risk considera-tions. Factors were also added to adjustloads based the building being heated ornot (thus, considering melting snowpotential), and based on the texture of theroof surface. Calculations further permit-ted snow load reductions where roof slopesexceed 15 degrees, depending upon heat-ed/unheated conditions and roof surfaces.The snow density was also characterized asbeing 15 pcf to 25 pcf, based on the proba-ble ground snow load. Additional snow loadreductions were permitted for roofs with

SECONDCHANCES



Figure 2. Collapsed roof over office building resulting from snow drift loads at low roof area.


SECONDCHANCES(Continued from page 41)

clear exposure. Snow drift loads wereapplied on top of the balanced snow load,resulting in a maximum snowdrift loadthat was about three times the probableground snow load, similar to the 1972 ver-sion of the standard.

• ASCE-7-88 revised ANSI A58.1-1982 andthe subsequent versions of ASCE7 havebecome the referenced document for designloads in the current ICC building codes.ASCE7 criteria changed to drift heights tocorrespond with building geometry.Prescribed drift heights for design loadswere altered to consider the extent of roofarea that could provide drifting snow, andthe drift height was only limited by thebuilding profile. Consequently, drift loadsincreased significantly. Later versions ofASCE7 and included information regardingwindward and leeward snow drift scenarios.

To summarize, drifting snow loads werenot specifically addressed in the model build-ing codes until well into the 1970s. Themodel Building Codes from the 1950sthrough the mid-1970s only required a uni-form snow load and an unbalanced snowload. Drifting snow loads were not men-tioned and the code only stated that the roofstructure design was to account for extrasnow loads at roof valley locations.Consequently, the actual loading requiredwas highly subjective. Where potential forsnow drift loads did occur, the codes statedthat these "special loaded areas were to bedetermined by the building official." For theBOCA building codes, ANSI A58.1-1972 wasreferenced in the 1975 BOCA, and later ANSIA58.1-1982 was referenced by in the 1987BOCA. It was not until the around 1990 thatthe snow drift loads as required by currentcode requirements came into effect.

This affects me how?So what does this all mean for buildings

today? In general, changes to code require-ments are slow moving. Partly in an effort tobe sympathetic to building owners and oper-ators, code upgrades are not all instanta-neous and do take time to be adopted by dif-ferent jurisdictions. As a result, if you have abuilding that was constructed during orbefore the early 1970s, it is very possible thatthe building was originally designed withvery little, if any, roof insulation and that theroof may have been designed for a roof snowload as low as 12 psf. To help understand thesignificance of these loads, 12 psf is roughlyequivalent to an 8 inch depth of snow cover,assuming a 17 pcf density. (Studies of snowweight accumulation on building roofs, per-formed after the Chicago storms of 1979,revealed that the weight of snow ranged from

about 12 to 24 poundsper cubic foot, withan average of about 17pcf.) For a buildingwith a 20 psf designload and no drift pro-visions, snow loadcapacity may be limit-ed to a snow depth ofabout 14 inches tomaintain acceptabledeflections and stresslevels within roofstructure.

With minimal insulation, older buildingdesigns with reduced load capacities can beserviceable structures that stand the test oftime, as in heavy snow conditions a signifi-cant portion of the snow accumulation willmelt off from heat escaping through theroof. As a result, these roofs may have notyet experienced code prescribed loadingevent. Realizing drifting snow conditions canbecome more likely when energy coderequirements are imposed.

Thus, when adding insulation as part ofroof replacement project, it is important tounderstand the roof structure’s adequacy tosupport both the added weight of this insula-tion and realistic snow loads. With addedinsulation, the potential for increased snowloads on a building’s roof can be significant.These conditions can be of greater concernfor buildings constructed prior to around1975. To address these concerns, even if notrequired by local building codes, designersinvolved in building renovation and adaptivereuse projects should confirm that the effectson the structure are properly consideredwhen modifying building envelopes.

Figure 3. Roof collapse as a result of excessive snow loads.

Tim Crowe is an Associate Principal with WissJanney Elstner Associates, Inc. (WJE) inNorthbrook, IL with over twenty-five years ofexperience in the design, investigation, andrepair of archaic and contemporary buildingstructures. He can be reached at [email protected]

MOSHE CALAMARO& A S S O C I A T E S , I N C

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847-733-0015 www.moshecal.com


Economic Updatehis year’s harsh winter is slowly releas-

ing its grip on the nation as a difficultspring takes its place. Winter blizzardshave been replaced by drought in the

west and by floods and hail in other parts ofthe country. For a few locations, snow haseven put in a May appearance. With theweather improving, companies are workingto make up for lost business, and builders areworking to get delayed construction projectsback on track.

Recent data reflect both the negative andpositive aspects of the impact of the weatheron the nation’s economy. A preliminary esti-mate of first quarter real (inflation-adjusted)gross domestic product (GDP) reportedminiscule growth of 0.1% at a seasonallyadjusted annual rate (SAAR). Most analystsexpect this growth to be revised to a negativenumber (a decline in real GDP) as more databecome available. However, second quarterreal GDP is expected to be above 3%, partlydue to efforts by firms to make up for firstquarter’s lost activity.

Consumer spending has improved. Con-sumer spending rose from approximately 2%(SAAR) in real terms in second and thirdquarters of 2013 to approximately 3% in thefourth quarter of 2013 and the first quarter of2014. Measures of consumer confidence havebeen rising as well.

Employment has strengthened. After weakjob gains in December and January, Februarythrough April have each posted seasonallyadjusted (SA) gains in excess of 200,000, withthe April increase in jobs close to 300,000.Some of April’s jump may be catch-up fromthe poor weather, but is still encouraging. Atthe same time, construction employment hasgrown. From April 2013 to April 2014, con-struction jobs increased by 198,000, and thenot seasonally adjusted (NSA) constructionunemployment rate fell from 13.2% to 9.4%.

As of early this year, two major sources ofuncertainty for the economy and for businesswere removed, at least temporarily. First,Congress passed and the President signedinto law an appropriations bill to fund federalgovernment operations for the current fiscalyear, which runs through September 30.Granted, this occurred in January, at the start

of the second quarter of the federal fiscal year,but was better than the numerous short-termcontinuing resolutions that had become thenorm. Second, the debt ceiling was suspend-ed for a year (until March 2015), removingthe possibility of a federal government shut-down and debt default, along with the needfor the previous practice of passing short-term debt extensions or suspensions.

But this could prove to be a temporaryrespite. First, as already noted, September 30marks the end of the current federal fiscalyear. Appropriation bills for the next fiscalyear need to be passed and signed into lawprior to October 1, which is not a given.

Second, a new debt ceiling needs to bepassed prior to March when the debt ceilingcomes back into play. The debt ceiling sus-pension needs to be extended, or –best of allworlds, but unlikely to happen –the debt ceil-ing needs to be eliminated.

In January, the Federal Reserve reduced itsmonthly purchases of long-term assets (aprogram known as QE3) from $85 billion to$75 billion. Subsequently, following eachFederal Open Market Committee meeting,the Fed has announced a $10 billion taperingof its planned monthly purchases of long-term assets. At the end of April, the Fedannounced it would ratchet down its pur-chases of long-term assets from $55 billionper month to $45 billion per month startingin May.

Although most long-term interest rates(including most mortgage rates) are about 1%higher than their lowslast year, most of thatincrease occurredahead of the Fed’s taper.Since the taper began,long-term rates havebeen relatively stable.

It is troubling that,as of March, SA cur-rent dollar (not adjust-ed for inflation) non-residential buildingconstruction spendinghas fallen for fivemonths in a row. Notall of the decline can

be blamed on the weather. On the positiveside, first quarter NSA spending was 3.5%higher than first quarter 2013 spending.

Within the nonresidential building con-struction group, the "For Lease" category—lodging, office, and retail—has performedwell. First quarter lodging constructionspending was 34% higher than first quarter2013 spending. Meanwhile, office construc-tion spending was 12% higher and retail con-struction spending was 9% higher. The out-look for lodging and office construction is fora fairly strong 2014 and a solid, but slowergrowing, 2015. Retail construction activitywill be good, but not spectacular this year,and strengthening next year.

The main drag on nonresidential buildingconstruction has been institutional buildingconstruction, which declined last year andcontinues to struggle, but is poised for a turn-around later this year and some furtherimprovement next year. The second largestspending category within the group, healthcare construction, is likely to lead the way.The largest category, education construction,will be slower to recover and may not start itsturnaround until 2015 or 2016.

The AIA Architecture Billings Index (ABI)is raising a warning flag. Over the sixmonths from November through April, theABI posted four readings below 50. An indexnumber below 50 indicates falling billings, anegative for the outlook for commercialconstruction (particularly nonresidentialbuilding construction).

ECONOMICOUTLOOK

by Bernard Markstein, Ph.D.U.S. Chief Economist, Reed Construction Data



Wisconsin

Legal Services for ArchitectsIllinois

Minnesota

Heley Duncan&Melander PLLP

Mark J. Heley, Attorney at Law

Eric Heiberg, Attorney at LawDirect (952) 841-0219Main (952) 841-0001

8500 Normandale Lake Boulevard Fax (952) 841-0041Suite 2110 Toll Free (866) 841-0080Minneapolis, Minnesota 55437 [email protected]

ECONOMICOUTLOOK(continued from page 43)

Heavy non-building (civil) engineering con-struction spending has shown some improve-ment of late. Compared to first quarter 2013,first quarter NSA spending for the largest cat-egory, highway construction, increased 8%,while the next largest (and nearly as large) cat-egory, power construction, slipped 1%.Transportation construction spending, thethird largest category, was up 6%, but waterand sewer construction spending, a somewhatsmaller category, was down 7%. Overall, thegroup was up 5% for the quarter.

Transportation construction spending hasbenefited from Federal Aviation Administra-tion (FAA) funding signed into law in February2012. That funding runs out in 2015, and newfunding needs to be provided.

More immediate is the threat the highwaytrust fund will run out of funds as soon as thisAugust. Following that, current funding for the"Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21stCentury" act (widely referred to as MAP-21),which was signed into law in July 2012 andprovides federal funding for most highwayprojects around the country, expires at the endof September.

Funding for transportation, the highwaytrust fund and MAP-21 all need to be enacted.The real question is: Will long-term fundingallow for sensible spending and investment, orwill a series of short-term extensions lead toexpensive patches?

The Reed forecast is for total constructionspending to increase 9% this year, based onconstruction spending for nonresidentialbuilding increasing 4%, heavy engineeringincreasing 5% and residential increasing 16%.For 2015, the Reed forecast is for total con-struction spending to rise 11%,with nonresidential construc-tion spending up 9%, heavyengineering also up 9% and res-idential up 15%.

Risks that could lower thegrowth forecast and increase therisk of recession are fairly low,but remain.

These risks include:

➢ Sharp reductions in govern-ment spending in the shortrun

➢ A sustained spike in interest rates, mostlikely due to the Federal Reserve being tooaggressive in unwinding its asset purchaseprogram

➢ Sovereign debt default by one or moremajor European countries

➢ One or more countries abandoning the euro

➢ Significantly higher oil prices (roughly 50%a barrel or higher) for a sustained period(two months or longer)


ALAILLINOIS

ALAWISCONSIN

CHAPTERNEWS

ALAMISSOURI

May Program:

(L to R). Presenter sponsors WallyGatley and Craig Wheatley fromParksite/DuPont Tyvek with speaker Steve Easley, an acclaimedbuilding science consultant. Steveaddressed "The Fine Art of the BuildingEnvelope – What Really Works". Thankyou to our co-sponsors: CertainTeed,Huber Engineered Woods, LP BuildingProducts and Tree Towns Imaging &Color Graphics.

‘Making Informed Decisions on GreenRating Systems’ was our topic for theApril program. Presenters Ujjval Vyas,Alberti Group and Gary Keclik, KeclikAssociates, provided valuable informationin this workshop moderated by CherylCiecko, CCG Architects, Inc.

Doug Gamble, ADASpecialist for theIllinois CapitalDevelpment Board,provided updates to a group of over 200 architects in Rolling Meadows, IL

Many thanks to Stephen and Elizabeth Crandallfrom EHLS/To the Top Elevators for sponsoring theADA program.

Upcoming Events:

June 10: "What Is the ‘IEBC’ and Why Would I Use It?"

August 12: "Liens, Collections and Document Ownership"

October 14: "Round Table Discussion: Architect Liabilities"

December 9: "The Importance of a Professional Geotechnical Report"

ALA Missouri presents its 2014 Continuing EducationSeries. This series allows architects to acquire 12Learning Units per year in 6 convenient sessions. The ses-sions are scheduled every other month over an extended2-hour lunch period – a boxed lunch is included. All sem-inars are held at the Masonry Institute of St. Louis, 1429Big Bend Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63117.

"No Architect Left Behind Series" – Season VI

Online registration is available at alatoday.org or call the ALA office at 847-382-0630.

March Program: April Program:

Join us for these upcoming chapter events. Registration and moreinformation on these and future programs are available on the

ALA website at www.alatoday.org

Upcoming Events:

Tuesday, June 17: Tour of USDA Forest Products Laboratory- Madison, WI

Thursday, August 21: Annual Lakeside Cookout and Program -Milwaukee, WI

Tuesday, September 30: 2014 Midwest Architecture Conferenceand Product Show - Oakbrook Terrace, IL

On May 29th, members of the ALA

Wisconsin and IllinoisChapters enjoyed aguided tour of the

recently renovated SCJohnson Research

Tower and other land-mark buildings at the

SC Johnson headquarters in

Racine, WI.

Vol 18 No. 2FSteve › files › Vol 18 No_ 2F1(lo-res).pdfd t t Association of Licensed Architects...

Documents

Transcript of Vol 18 No. 2FSteve › files › Vol 18 No_ 2F1(lo-res).pdfd t t Association of Licensed Architects...