Vol. 16, No. 10
-
Upload
michaelarthurd -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Vol. 16, No. 10
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 1/32
'8/95
Xdb/ 38" Od/ 35
Giaimni~ >55<
WLI ADGIN^IC@I^Q GIADGIG nz Fcmiq Icz~q ucki 8
UBYQodohjawjdo ^dn~w Makl do Qjn~jo qwwb~q + W~jo MaSyo do Al~jqwjo MaAbb +
uw~ Gjoqgb do w~ywl og ~adoajbjwjdo + Al~bq [jb`joq do wl mzqw~jq dh G~jo + Ql~do Nywb do Bdyjq ^jb‚q ~ogmmohjawjdo ^xj{q nz Qm Qdba`j og coo-M~j Wdg`jbbudiw~z Fybj MaA~wlz" Gxjg Abjo`" Wdm [zmo" cb|og~ Dhhd~g" Hbd~oa W~g{bb
ynb b Cm !^y ybxnb A B^A" Ayb G/D N| " Q @" DO
JOQJGI WLJQ JQQYI
Njdk~culz Ndocovc
^dki~ Ljbb
U N
Fygz Qwdmco
O MA (I A
^cz Adobdkyi
Au U (
[ Q
C~wly~ Qalci~
W I I4
Ldmibiqq
Ljqwd~zAlc~bdwwi K~czdo wli yoai~wcjocwi d Acocgc‚qUd~w~cjw Kcbbi~z
Xjqjw {{{/~ixji{acocgc/ac d~
{in-i|abyqjxi iqqczq cog ~ixji{q
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 2/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog
1 Acocgc‚q Ldmibiqq Ud~w~cjw Kcbbi~zC Alc~bdwwi K~cz
8 Acocgc‚q Nbca` Alcmni~C Acywjdyq Nikjoojokq6 Acocgjco
Hd~ijko Jowibbjkioai" 3:1:‑93" @ H/ F Fcmiq Icz~q
< [jwwz cog [jqiC Mz Bji cq c Gcmi6 Wli Ui~qdocb
cog wli Udbjwjacb jo wli [~jwjokq d Al~jqwjoc
MaAcbb " A MA" QuAW~joc MaSyiio
: C Gjhhi~iow Od~wlC Qiwwbi~q do wli Igki6 Jgiowjwz cog
Mdgi~ojvcwjdo do ^yqqjc‚q C~awja H~dowji~" O Wu^dni~w MaKlii
33 Admu~dmjqig IgioC Wli Gc~jio Kcu6 W~cxibq jo wli
^cjod~iqw d Ucocmc" M MAlc~biq [jb`joq
3> Gdiq Wialodbdkz Mc`i Yq Gd Jw4C Wli Iog d Iwljaq jo c
Wialodbdkjacb Qdajiwz" B I/ Q Q MC~wly~ Qalci~
37 Gc~`oiqq Wlio c Nbd{o @jqqC uGcxjg Abjo`
37 Nioicwl Az~jbbja Qwc~qC u
Fybjc MaAc~wlz
39 Wli Yojsyioiqq dh wli Gc~`C uWdm [czmco
39 ‒Nbdd~ ( Izibiqq Cxi/”C uCbi|cogi~ Dd~g
39 Gd{owd{o BdxiC uHbd~ioai W~icg{ibb
38 ^da`q cog Lc~g UbcaiqC [lcw Wliz [cowig " GMCooi Mc~ji Wdg`jbb
3; Qjokjok wli Iy~duico NbyiqC F ťý‚ D~gjoc~z Bjxiq
Qcm Qdbia`j
3< C Qwd~zwibbi~‚q Qwd~zC Uji~~i Ni~wdo6 C Njdk~culz" C/N/M@u^dki~ Lcbb
>5 Odxib Ubicqy~iqC f uN~do{zo G~cjoji" ^dnjo ^dki~" ^dqjiCjibbd" Cooc Acogjgd" Mdj~c McaGdykcbb"Libio [cbql cog Mc~` Bdxi{ibb
>> A~icwjok c Acocgjco UcowlidoC Oibbji MaAbyok " A K" Imjbz Ac~~" B GQ
Fygz Qwdmco
>7 C W~yi Acocgjco Li~dC M Q‚ Mc~ji-Cooi6
Wli I|w~cd~gjoc~z Qwd~z d Bdyjq ^jib‚q
K~cogmdwli~Qlc~do Nywcbc
>8 Chwi~ wli CudbdkzC [li~i wli Ucximiow Iogq6 Acocgc‚q
Cnd~jkjocb ^iadxi~z Mdximiow cog wli Y~kiow
Oiig d~ ^iadoajbjcwjdo" M [Uiwi~ Gjoqgcbi
>< Gibjajdyq Acocgjco LcmC Yu Wjbb Od{6 Wli Cywdnjdk~culz" [ Q G H" Jo
Qujwi d Mzqib6 C Mimdj~" AuU^cz Adobdkyi
15 Biwwi~q ( ^iqudoqiqGcxjg I/ Qmjwl
Hyogjok Ca`od{bigkimiowq
Adx~ ~w og jawy~q wl~dyldyw wl jqqy nz Cjmêi xco G~jmmibio/
Cmê x Gmmb bby { { y Q{ bx b/ Q y-bz bby b‚ z bb ^ymd~wcnbi ^ymd~w " bb b" b {m/ Qmb { xbnb 2{{{/b/?/
Xdb/ 38" Od/ 35 • Gamn~ 55<
[ a`{ a
uu~ K~
A ~ A
Mv {~ ~
~ u~a a/
Dowc~jd Migjc Gixibdumiow Ad~ud~cwjdo
Hjbm cog Wibixjqjdo
Wc| A~igjwq
[ a`{ a
DMGA Mv "
D~ M
Gu A~u~/
B~~z ^{ A
M~` Q~" Q c
~" D~ mk b;
-6 ~{E~a~{/a
~{a/a
6 78-91-7<1 • H6 78-91-8>
Igjwd~
N~{z G~
Ebx{/m
Adow~jnywjok Igjwd~
Cz [
CqqdAjCwI Igjwd~
^n ^~
UdIw~z Igjwd~
Mz Uaa`
CqqdAjCwI UdIw~z Igjwd~
M~ MaG
AdUz Igjwd~
M @a
U~ddh~ICgI~q
Ma G" N Ma@"
^n~ K~~" Cz MaB" ^n
z
~IqIC~Al
B~z G~
jowI~oq
^ C
C A
UynbjAjwz
@ [
ynbzEbx{/m
gIqjko
F L~na`
CgXI~wjqjok$qCbIq
Ma [
Ebx{/m
CqqjqwCow Igjwd~
Cog CqqdAjCwI UynbjqlI~
C~ A
UynbjqlI~q
M~` B{
bx{bbEz/L [
bE/
CgXjqd~z AdyoAjb
Ma C" ^ K/ C`z" U/A/"
S/A/" C N~n" A/M/" F
K" A/M/" A~ L" F
L~a" A/M/" Qz L"
G Ma" U/A/" A/A/"
~ MaS" Q ^ ~" K~
^n~" D/A/" G ^a`~" A/M/" M~`
Q~~" ^ Qa{" Cz [
UdIw~z qynmjqqjdoq
W B~~z ̂ { A aau u~z n-
nz ~ Mz Dan~ a z~"
a u~z z~ ~/ Q n-
u~zE~a~{/a [~
a a u nz
{/ W B^A ~{ u~z/
hdyogig jo 3::3W B^A un 5 z~ nz B~~z
^{ A Ja/
CooyCb qynqA~jUwjdo ~CwIq
A '0 ~ {~ YQ'/ Bn~~
A '0 {~ YQ'/ U~a a u/
qynqA~jUwjdoq Cog Aj~AybCwjdo
B~~z ̂ { A
U/D/ N| " Q @
~ DO MU K
~~z~{Eaa/a
6 --5
{{{/~{a/a
ª55 W B~~z ̂ { A/ C ~"
a ~ ~ " ~
~~ nz un~ A" Y
Q" K~ N~ ~ a~ u~-
au Y~ Auz~ A"
J~ Auz~ A
U-C~a Auz~ A/ O
una z n ~u~a { {~u~ un~/
JQQO -
W B~~z ̂ { A |
A B~~z U~a J| A
J| ~n nz Ga~ Mv
A/
Hm m m" B^A mz bb{ ybbz b v mb ynn" y x mz n /J zy { x y " b y Qynn Qx m bzx{E/m"
bb 738-:1>-95<3" mb /D/ N| <" Q @" DO M7U >K3/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 3/32
Gamn~ 55<
Bda`ig jo c ljkl-wial qwd~cki bnz bz {Syn" {z nz b
bm Lbb" m ybb/ J Xyb Bnz Cx A x A"v y bb
" ny / N{ bm {bb" y nyb y b-" byb y bb m y b x/
I-yz N byn yb { -yz my-/ Cb { y - ‒ zb ” ‒m b "” { nz {bb-{ y Q Fy ^zb" Fz z H Xbz/ W ‒J ”6 b-v m yO Cm J b { x y Sy C ; { mb nz F Xb/
bb b n y @ x" { xyb bm y {/
Qm ynf vnb" y-bbz b y [b By yy/ D zmy xyb y y nz n B [" y nb" { m/ Zy ‚ x my m |m b" {by" ny"y" " x b-v mx yb sy- bb b,by * x m ynf/ J bb ny z/ W xyb
m {m { x y z yby A/
{b bb mxy b mb Cy Gyz" " -y Ib mm { b Gm Cx m / Gyn b A‚ ymz "Gyz y b m myx bb mb b bx/ Gyz { v @, mz x y @ ybm*"
{ @‚ ym sy my-" by xm " z ym N H x"
x m/ Ny Gyz { mb/ L b y " { /
W Ob Cx ,{ nm Bnz Cx A" BCA" " { Ob Cx Ob Bnz m*xbx mbb m b m nz Gyz y" ny b-b x b z yb " { bbz A { / z" yz y"
{b bbz A {n" b BCA nyb
{{ D{/ L{x" bb- bb xb mb6 mn- BCA‚ x bb" xbnbbz / W x z b |x mbz bb/ Ny yby--n L Axx x {m /H z 0 " b m"z b {b f ‒ /”
C {" sybz y m|sy bb/ Ny b " m b z‗ xbb / L n N" N xb h { { xb | O{
‑/ D mbb " N y b Ibbb" y-b GnJ { syvvb |/ W bb- b by my z zyGmy" b Ny b
O{yb" {by m zmy zy CA nz" { mbz ny
f z mb" Ox Q/ J Xyb " bb y nz ybb-b"
[bsy nz [bbm L
Hy Fyb Bz Gymm" my y ybb-b {"
{ { bAyb [m/ C ybbz b n bbz y n| FH yby Gx Qyvy" A‚m my xmb /
C x{" zy b z { ynf sy n/ [ Ibbb zy xbh { m 4 [z
zy Ox Q y4 GBz Gymm" m m Qsy b" y ym4 ‒b b{z
nz xyb"” mm G/ ^ybb" z Ab
Yxz A ^ A Ayby/ ‒ zy/”
W bb m m " { " mbb " "mbb bb {" xb y- y/ ymn {by |y nz {x N h Ly Nz / Ybbz" { nz my y-nb mym bb b bb"ynb x/ W m z { { bbz ybz nb BCA sy- ny/
W y / Ix f-z" bbz‚ y sy " z bb- ‒m xz xynbz { bbz bb/” [ m ysy bbz {b" y" ‒ y y fy my ny m
{m m bb {b b { x ny y ny nyb A/” Q
{z {bb y" { ynb z"m b {z4 W { sy bb" ny b |b‗ {by {z A" ybbz Axm" z b m nyy yby y z/
Hj~qw" wli udjwjaq/ o " wli ji~ckdm F Aê y
{ bbz A {yb n n-b" { m BCA
Acocgc‚q Ldmibiqq Ud~w~cjw Kcbbi~zC ljqwd~ja adbbiawjdo cbbq xjawjm wd iadodmja cog jowibbiawycb yoai~wcjowz/
Alc~bdwwi K~cz
Alc~bdwwi K~cz jq wli cywld~ d qixio niqw-qibbjok ndd`q d ljqwd~z cog njdk~culz" cog wli {jooi~ d wli Uji~~i Ni~wdo C{c~g d~ uduybc~jvjok Acocgjcoljqwd~z/ Qli jq co cgfyoaw ~iqic~al u~diqqd~ jo ljq-wd~z cw Ac~biwdo Yojxi~qjwz/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 4/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog
bb {yb n {/ W Aê -b { b b A z‗ - yz‚ m| { m x b m y/ b { 6 {yb n bb m Cm mnz" b Ny|
C‑zb nyb D{‚ {/ C m nyb‚ x { b" ny bb" m N
‗I{ F‗" b {{" { " ' mbb { … ny n nybbv mx b " Axx xm Q L { b/ W { x-m { y ny ybyb -x ,y myym m nbm mmbz* xm bb/ b y b/
Ny b bbz -b mmym/ bb b{ y x z/ J " Ob bbz B { N‚ m yb y 6 b mbb b x / [‚ Ob
bbz by m -yz ^xxb nyb
{ Qm Cm C yym0 { z nyb Fybz " ' mbb -" bz {mbb b {by / C { nyb Cyb‚ Ob bbz {bb An m/ [z A by bz bb4
J Oxmn ;" Axx x-
m { by6 { - x bv/ Jy m" { mmbxb A‚ b yb n nyb m bb- nz / W b n { b z0xb " Abz" Im D{" { x m ynm/
W m bbz‚y" { y xm bb b y n - { m m‚ bb n/
[ Fm " { m A" y bz {b -
n y ny ym ymb" { m b/W n m b { nbz {/ N bbz bb" b " { nyb
{ z { /L{x" b bb synnb"
|b y yz ny bbz/ [ bbz 4
[z A y y4 J ny z4 C { syb by4Qm bbz A
{bb mbz x b m / F Qb" Abz‚ bn{ yym"y bb { sy
b ‒ n zb m- z‚ bz/ W odw D{" ‚ b b b bb/ W ny Db A xy O{ A/”
D nx ybn b A" -
xb { {bb/ A" { b A ^A Cb A Qy Yxz O{ Ny{" { bbz nyb/ Ny y ‒ n bb bbz y b { “A‚| b nb bbz yby-bbz/ W b z /
W bbz yb n z" y x/”
Odoi d wli jqqiq jo wli Ud~w~cjw Kci~ A n‗ xy "
z xy ‗ {/ I|bz m sy- m { b bbz { [mbm/ Qxb N y y {yb my" bz B {yb x / mn Ly B { ny { {yb n by/,L{x" { F Qb‚/ C B Ibbny { bz {bb" ‒b{z m" " yb {bz ^ Q
m/”* W { b y -
{yb n m sybz" bb bbz y m m yb b/
Ny N b {yb x-6 m m/ B bm
m m y z bbz/‒[ { z"” " ‒ mbz n m/” yb n -z bx/ B‚ Ob bbz" { " { - bbz x |byxbz bb bz -nyb" m mb { bb ynsy bb- m mbx/ B bbz A" ‒z" " { Ob bbz‚ “x b"‚” { - Gx A" m O‚y y n z bbz/J y y y z - " { nz y"
nsy" {yb n ‒ bnz … m /” J y y y z " {nz y" nsy" {yb n ‒bnz … m /”
z" N bbz b bHb ̂ ‑zb nyb B‚b Qsy/ L{x" xz y m x nz y"
{ { { xbz { yz b m" b mbz / ‒Gy z |"”
{ A" ‒ { y
‚ z z b {m bz xbx n/”W Lz z ,y nz Wm Abzb" { { bz Oy* n O‚ -
z m" " m byx/ Cm O‚ m y-b x m nbb bzGx Nm GOC zb- Q F Qyb" { { Onb v { ym m f" {bb m xb , sy y* - Q yb Az m /
Ny yb y - Ob bbz B
b bbz A/ WN nibjixi z/ W N bbz
{ b" yGx A" ‒ z {" { m-mm bn yb /” Q N xbx mn {b‚ mb { mm Iy " ny O y b b y bn -z" { x ny /
J " mz A yz " by {bz" nb yb" mb { { { yz/
[ x x my bn z"
b m bx/ Amybz b y A z x n m yyb bbx | /
Cm" - F sybz mb"x x A‚z y m
b b b z/ yym" b xb" |b xy {z bbz yy/ I A Gz" Gm Jy ynb bb xb
{ { A { y n b m m m A/ C A z " n nb m D{ " b |bz | m n { sybz bb /
^y bb x , nz mz myb* b myym b b" by A yym Axbv" AQ bz yym" Ayym Oy Ob bbz A" x m b b x A z {bb x/ ,WA yym Axbv ‒Lz Lbb” ‒Nz Lbb"” ny xb
xz /* W mz n m x A z" {b- bb" ‒ny z bb A
{ bbz /” Cz { bb z‚ {n
sybz ny bb mbz b / ‒W bbz ny bb A"” Bbbz @by" bbz‚ b" x {b-m x bbz‚ {n/ ‒Z" { x Q F C/ b C{" ny {‚ b bb " y H O" mm" xzy/” L{x" -
xyb " { m A‚ mn
y" b b|/ ‒Nz ysy xyb z"”@by x{" yb x ynb by" ‒ bbz xby b A yz/”
Au A" " h" /[ "
u /
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 5/32
Gamn~ 55<
W nby bbz {ybx y m Cm mnz - { m m / Q| mbb bb{ bb m{" {m " ybbz" m m y b- z |n ,‒Nm“A‚"” x A z "‒^ X” y y ;*/ Z { {" bn-z z nyb/ @by ‒ -
bz m " bbyb nm { yy {bb / J {bb n yb | x‗ {bb m y ysy m bb/”
F Q{v" -m Sy‚ Yxz" mm6 ‒Cbbz | A x { { G [ yz bbz/ J
{ ny bb A { x m y-z " {bb A { m yz/”
W bbz" |mb" { bb ‒H D"” by ‒ b ysy -” m yz
n{ H O {m/ ̂ y bb" { { y y nb m bbz" y ‒ n{ b mb byb-m ybz y /”Q bbz m b " { Iy x " z ybz x" mb|
{ { z‗ by my/ Qm {yb x n " b mxb {-mb m/ W
bb y n my - b { ny xby xm mbz b/‒W { yy"” |bbb/ ‒C x {yb x n nb bb{ m " y /”
C x mz {bz b bbz" z {yb x ‒ ny y b"” |bIx f-z" ‒ y A
z/” W bbz bz mn m mm" m mA { / Om ynf { x m ynb/ Ny bb b by z y A {/ C sy ‒y Q|z-Qx"” nz Xyx " F-m Z" { @ / F-m Z ;@-A v b m n By L b/ W m ; ynf" z y n m v Imbz A / W { ;ynf" |b " ny ; {
z D{ ybbz n|y
C mm A/W fy| A m @ mm" y f-z"m sy6 { { nb4
Ny n bbz A { sy A" - mb{ b xm {bb x nx ybz bb sy b/ A bb " ny {bb { x 4 BCA z b nxbz ‒-m bbz" y nz y {bb"” b
{n b { v myym y/ O" {x" b | {b nyb { m zz z H m y F Q{v" m m |ybmb m / ‒W ynbnym nb Wm Ix Nbny nyb y ^b{z n{ / J by y
{ m b m b-/ [ zy 4 4”
C m m" {yb n m x bbz D{ bb" ym" b b z" ny bb m y b |- z A z/ J H" A nbx bbz A b b b ‒{yb m y b {/”
X D{ { x { { [bb Q bv y-z { y z b{ by y z/ D by y bm nyb/
D b b nyb yb n mb ‗| xz n y y/ W b b{z " yb n A Lz A" m xybbz yy/ W {-{ m Cm mnz / C nyb { N bn { { nz Gm ynb [" y yy/ I
[ n Y Q ‒b y {y /”W A x n/
{
Adow~jnywjok AjwjvioqMg Awn Hgqkg w M`k h w [hQww" 3:>5-88
Qlj~biz WjbbdWQdo
Adow~jnywjok Ajwjvioq wibbq wli qdajcb"
aybwy~cb" cog udbjwjacb ljqwd~z d
Admmyojwz Aliqwq ‑ wli d~i~yooi~
d Yojwig [cz ‑ wd u~dxjgi c
yojsyi ui~quiawjxi do u~diqqjdocb
yog~cjqjok" u~jxcwi alc~jwz cog wli
gixibdumiow d wli {ibc~i qwcwi/
[~jwwio {jwl byajgjwz cog u~iajqjdo"
wljq joodxcwjxi {d~` n~ic`q oi{
k~dyog jo wli gincwi cndyw wli
~ibcwjdoqlju niw{iio wli u~jxcwi
cog uynbja qiawd~q d qdajcb {ibc~i/
‑ Fcmiq Ujwqybc" Oi{ [d~bg Gc{ojok
M >55<" 19> ukq" 8 | :”3< n({ qww q wkw:;<-5-;;7<-37;7-7 UN 17/:9
Acywjdyq NikjoojokqAg Hk jwka"3:1:-93
@y~W H/ FioQio
Jo wli bcwi 3:15q" Acocgc lcg od
d~ijko jowibbjkioai acucajwz/ Nyw {jwl
wli cgxiow d wli Qiadog [d~bg [c~"
@y~w H/ Fioqio {~jwiq" wli kdxi~omiow
a~icwig c abcogiqwjoi qi~xjai wlcw
qwjbb joyioaiq wli qw~yawy~i d wljq
adyow~z‚q jowibbjkioai admmyojwz/
H~dm [[JJ" {lio Acocgjcoq
jowi~aiuwig cog gia~zuwig Xjalz
miqqckiq" wd wli 3:95q" {lio Acocgc
~iadoky~ig jwq dui~cwjdoq wd miiw
wli oiigq d wli A dbg [c~" Fioqio
c~kyiq wlcw wli adyow~z {cq co cawjxi
jowibbjkioai uc~woi~ jo wli {c~wjmicog udqw-{c~ cbbjcoaiq/
F >55<" >75 ukq" 8 | :”:;<-5-;;7<-37<1-8 UN 1>/:9
N~da` Aljqldbm" wli[d~bg Licbwl D~kcojvcwjdo"cog wli Adbg [c~
Fdlo Hc~biz
Bc~kibz d~kdwwio wdgcz" N~da`
Aljqldbm ‑ {d~bg-~iod{oig
uqzaljcw~jqw" alcmujdo d wli Yojwig
Ocwjdoq" i~ai a~jwja d fjokdjqwja
ocwjdocbjqm ‑ {cq doi d wli
mdqw joyiowjcb Acocgjcoq d wli
w{iowjiwl aiowy~z/ Aljqldbm {cq wli
~qw gj~iawd~-kioi~cb d wli [d~bg
Licbwl D~kcojvcwjdo" cog nyjbw jw yu
gy~jok jwq yoicqz jocoaz/ Udqw-3:79
jowi~ocwjdocb udbjwjaq" kbdncb licbwl
jqqyiq" cog migjacb ljqwd~z jowi~qiaw
jo wljq ljklbz ~icgcnbi caadyow d c
~imc~`cnbi Acocgjco/
F >55<" >;> ukq" 8 | :”:;<-5-;;7<-37;;-9 UN 1>/:9
Acocgc‚q ̂ jklwq ̂ ixdbywjdoQa Mxmwq g Qa Ak" 3:1;-<>
GdMjojsyi AbêMioW
G~c{jok do oi{bz casyj~ig c~aljxcb
qdy~aiq" i|wioqjxi jowi~xji{q" cog
mcwi~jcbq ~ibicqig wl~dykl caaiqq
wd jod~mcwjdo cuubjacwjdoq" wljq
ucwln~ic`jok oi{ ndd` ‑ wli ~qw
mcfd~ qwygz d udqw{c~ qdajcb
mdximiow d~kcojvcwjdoq jo Acocgc
‑ gdaymiowq wli ‒i|ubdqjdo d
cawjxjqm” jo wli qj|wjiq" {lio ldmiq"
dhaiq cog qw~iiw ad~oi~q ca~dqq wli
adyow~z {jwoiqqig wli nikjoojok d
c oi{ kioi~cwjdo d lymco ~jklwq
d~kcojvcwjdoq/
M >55<" >:8 ukq" 8 | :”:;<-5-;;7<-37<5-9 UN 1>/:9
d~gi~ dobjoi6 {{{/ynau~iqq/ac r wldyklw wlcw adyowq
QUjiQ/ QcjoWQ/ GjUbdMcWQ/ ~dKyiQ/ ACOCGJCOQ/
^ioikcgiqAgq w Quq Ax [
MjAlcib UiW~dy
C ucjoqwc`jok caadyow d wli
ady~ckidyq ncog {ld aldqi wd hklw
cqajqm nid~i jw {cq udbjwjacbbz
cqljdocnbi/ ‑ Ndn ^ci" Bjwi~c~z
^ixji{ dh Acocgc
cu >55<" 157 ukq" 8 | :”:;<-5-;;7<-373<-< UN >7/:9
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 6/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog8
Acywjdyq Nikjoojokq6
Acocgjco Hd~ijko
Jowibbjkioai" 3:1:‑93
@~ H/ FYxz N
Abymn >15 " xjqo :<57<37<>:
Acywjdyq Nikjoojokq6
Acocgjco Hd~ijko
Jowibbjkioai" 3:1:‑93 z nyyz nz A x-m sy ‒bb/” @y H/ F" bb b Gm H
C Jb
n f AbYxz‚ Gm Lz" bz bm n" y{ Ab " ‒ mxy" n mz y" n { v A‚ bb mmyz/” Cy" x z A‚ nb mn/ G/ F x m‒nb mn” |" { my b m
[ m m m y n nz x-m x b x y
m xb xynb mbx/ F fy- { n m m |bym yz m bx nz A xm x myb ‒ A { “ bb- b bb‚/”
F bb ‒-m b nb" x " " v/” W { b ny " y" ‒A‚ b-b x b y" xbz ybz ny { { /” W " ‒H
Jbb N ["” { nz Qmn A - ‒ bb nbz/ O |
{ bz m/”W m y/ A‚ -
bb nyyz y ; ‚ { m y/ J { xb
y nz mz " bb{ bm m [" z" m x h {m m m-mb nm ê/ J z z y mfbb- fyz F‚ |- yy m O C" yb Gm I|b C {" {" ‒ mm xby { y { |b fy x
z b/” W ny yb |mbm A { sy { bb nbz /
F" J b y" { bb / J"
y {z m y ‒ m xbynb bb b xz bm n/” J mbz nzm y {z b {b" x " | y xz
/ W x" {bn" ybz m m /
A x
‒ I|m Y"” ‒ ym bz bb m b y {” ,m b*/ W m b { {-m | bb
{ O Cbb0 A ymbb" LYJO , m b bb-" QJJO*" nbz nz m D[ ,yn nz x
Ax*0 A z { n0 AQJJO xz YQ y ‑" m- ‒mmb nb"
{b" b h” { ‒y”0 { QJJO m Y-n O Cb0 " bbz yxb" x y mb b [0 y
{ nz | I|m Y" {yb Oxmn { nybz bzv bm h n{ Xz D{ bz ‒-"
" F m”0 -{ bbyy" { b { y A z {0 " bbz" -{,yb * QJJO mmyz/ C |mbz bz ,m ‒Cb Lbb” ‒“V‚ [”* my- y mb| - mb/ W " b" y/
[ F mnb m x z nyy-z / [ y ynf y { x bb y 4 Hyny#
F bb mb z myb/ L A ynb m A bz yb {bm b / O-b mz n y
nz / Acywjdyq Nikjoojokq‗ -zy-h b n { zy {b‗ -bz n/ J n n" g~cmcwjq ui~qdoci x n m bz/ J z
Acocgc‚q Nbca` Alcmni~Co caadyow d ic~bz Acocgjco adgi n~ic`jok jq mdqwbz caay~cwi nyw xi~z g~z/
Fcmiq icz~q
Fcmiq Icz~q" d~mi~ u~diqqd~ cw wli Yojxi~qjwz d d~dowd cog u~diqqd~ imi~jwyq cw GcbldyqjiYojxi~qjwz" jq ay~~iowbz {~jwjok C ‚ ^6 A/Q/Inz A f F/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 7/32
Gamn~ 55<
{ bz‗ b mm- ynmm" m h" nyy/ L {‗" b" bm"b { mb { bb { m { m- n/ y" F bb m bb6 bb m ‒ yb |bxyb” by ‒x y-bv/” Ny m bz bbbz
,bm mbbz* h b" yybbz bz / bm,‒Z" ”" ‒Z" m ”*" ynf m { b0 ny x { W" m bb h b/
Wyy z h b F x0 ny m mbz nm x { y b" ‒ xbnb xb mb/” ^ mnb {bb n" nbx" ‒bz x ym bb ”6 {-
{b {" m " ny ‒-y” yx ‒{/” ‒Cbb mbz z"” F |b" ‒ bz
bm y mb n y m / W" yz n yy ny m-b yb { { n / W m n m”‗‗‒nyybbz { {/” F‚ mz n { ny" n {" m‚ {/
b Fm m x y b x-" ‒my | by
bb A” n ‒b y/” O m F ‚ ‒ y /” Z x my bbz b yhbz ,by n* m" x y" y { ‚ ym myz y { n mbz / J x{ { AJC" Fb6 ‒W bbz n … PJ y]
{ z zb y mym nb/ Qmm b x{bm m x n nb nz {/” L m x n x{ { n/ G/ F" b zb#
Bz y mybz b/ L F x b ny bb y A‚ syy { z nbz/W xm sybz y { Cm z LnDn Zbz" fy sybz m/
Zbz‚ b{z m ny { m A by mbm { F‚ x x fy/ W bb{ x" ny m b y‚"mz y { b-m zb - x { z x |/
C zz y y- bbz { Y/Q/ Q Gm [" Zbz b-bz F m y F‚ b xb mm/
Gy " Zbz b y/ [ Lz B/Qm" Y/Q/ z " y y ny Zbz‚ { { y/mnbz |yb" ‒bm ‚ mb"” y z-z y‚ y" m x m Zbz /W Zbz" bx y y zz bm
ym Y/Q/ bz" m ynbWi Cmi~jaco Nbca` Alcmni~ / W |nb |ê" b ynf" m n bb/ W n Zbz‚ { mnz bz" m nxy nyb6 ‒W Nb Amn"” n {" ‒nb"" y" bb" bb … J -z mn
[" z" B" " x" ^m/”D# [yb‚ n A yb m b …
y y yb/ C A m-m n nz xm
[ z b { zz
m " { yb n m xbnb { Cm z { m y y nm ynb Gm z-b/ Wz { y Ln Zbz0
ny m m m n x m Zbz { ybnb
y nz m bby ny m z" nyb" b bsy b" bb m m xz mb m yz / A"{x" Zbz {b b bb m D{ { A sy0 x n y n0 { ybz ymbz/
J D{ fn x{ z " " Zbz { by nz bz n {bm n" x { fn mm
{ z" z F /L { '"" - { nyy z n bb
I|m Y" mbb h Ob ^ Ayb nyb/ J y"
{ { | m" I|b ym b/ Zbz Ln Dn/ J
{ ‒ m m y A { x { { YQ y" "”F mm ybz" ‒{ bz ybbz b z/” J " {x" mbz yN Jbb" { sy D{ Fy { ‒Imbz” { ‒ m L/D/ Zbz bb Imbz b { A { n Cm zz/” C b nb/ my z { m b b" bbz y nz m
y Fm Wyn bbmy mm { xbz Zbz ‒A"” Zbz‚ N y,{m xz { n Qy v nyyb z*/
Ny z nyy bb@z A bb m" Zbz { ny x/ Ix yxbz { b I|m Y" yb" z { nz { mbz"
{yb b b {b "N hb‗ x xybz yA sy z nbz - b { {‗" m mbz"
Cm hb" " { m xz b
D{ Zbz {yb x / [ m" z " {yb n bb m" { {/ [b n ny -yx b Zbz " bby ny m n{ A {m {yb { yx" m bb D{" { Zbz Gmn /
F y Zbz‚ nz A‒|bnb”0 ny " |b-nb" ynbz nb bz nb/
C { b Ln" Zbz , n* b-
fn b A hb { ‒“ bz { m { ybz x {
xz z F Nb Ammy"‚ …|b m yb b xy F z-zm/” xb/
[ bxb -z xm Zbz‚ - x I|m Y‗ybbz n
f | mb nz I/L/ Ombb{ bm‚
y m m F4 W A‚nb mn { nz { ‒Ln”‗
Azbz" Fbz# D " ‚ 6 y y-b yb n m { F‚m bz" { yb n nz mm b/
J A " ‒{ Jbb Qyy"”F 6 ‒W m mx y A‚ b-b bb yb z/” A bb n bbz x H" ê I|b" C" bz ny mmn { b y / ‒[ bz "”y /[/ Q , I|b‚ h mbbz { {m |* x
m nybz yyb Fy " ‒ bb{ z Gm" mbz xb"… my ny b " bb bb/”
Q‚ { x n bv/ WA Qyz Jbb Qx m- { Acywjdyq Nikjoojokq ny {-y mm/ AQJQ‚ my ny A bb" y { m nbz , m bmz m*" my" nbbz yxynb" mm/J" J " F b syb
{{b m {z yz yz" yb x AQJQ my/ C b {bb
x b6 ‒^b I/”
W uu u" uu F W M
M/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 8/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog<
Mz Bji cq c Gcmi6 Wli Ui~qdocb cog wli
Udbjwjacb jo wli [~jwjokq d Al~jqwjoc MaAcbb
Al~c MAc" nz Qul Ac~Ly C1<7 " x :<5<<<7>>37
Li~ ~jwjok cq kd~kidq" cog qd cq/ L { m" bz" nybz/ Ab" 0 {
{/ Q b " yb y zy |bz { {
zy n/L my zb b
;6
D z b " J { nb ‚ m{ " { z mz nbb,' y m m b |bz b nz y J‚
m mz b x b b*/ C m b { xz b" bz mzn z- " |bz y bz yb n { m n ,{ { b bb bb z-z Az nz {‚x x n-m
{m‚ nn b b-* by { b m b" mzn m
{m‚ mm zmz/
[bb" J n A Abb‚ y bmv/ Q { nyyb @Lny‑^b ^ybb‑ n zb
yb nyz m nz ynnb/ D x Mz Bji cq c Gcmi6
Wi Ui~qdocb cog wli Udbjwjacb jo wli [~jwjokq d
Al~jqwjoc MaAcbb " { b-L L/ J L " bb" b {
{ b b nm/ D {b‚mb yb" L {yb n nb"y m/ Ny A Abb‚ L" m by /
A m bb fybm z" { n{ ; " ny mbz ; ‚" nz yn" Q Ab4 W fybm my m L6 AAbb { m { b -
z m A { y {
m n0 { , {z* m0 { m‑-z { yb b m y/ W n {" y-bbz K~jwq6 Co Jowjmcwi Ud~w~cjw d wli Bjni~cb Uc~wz "-y nz Ab" bb bx / W n {bb y/ [
fybm4
Fybm |zm syb/ J y" ny b{z b/ J nbz x xbxm / Fybm {- | {bb n mm" { ynf bx" b"{yb yn/ W { | { |m/ W { mb z0 { y y / Wz z b" zmm /
[ Abb by b [‚ [ m " mz y" {" ‒[ mz x by … {b { A b/ J‚ m{ z m yy mz m
Qmn " " z { { y^yn" y y m { mb b " z Cm b" mzn x b y x | y z/”
Ny {" { yy { { b y y6 { x {bmx/ b [ mb mm n‚ " {‒z [ mmz" bz m nbm A y/”
[ { ny By ;" { xb" bz "-m b/ W yb y {m" b A -
m b z/W hybz { b
{0 mbz " z{z" { n / J‚ { { { bz m mmz { { b /
[ { z 4 m" bz yybz/ m" m sy {/ -z - b { n n" mm y- { / W n {yb x n" m bx z z0 m |by yb m b-b bb " z/
Oxb" y n z / W bb{ ym-v { A Abb/ H m" z mm" bbz" {" xx y /
Cbb n by Abbyb n ‒-bz yz/” L { ê ny xy " D{ ^y bz {"x { y m ny m/
Abb { y{x m" y y y"
mz xyb {m/ Cby { nyyb bz bx" mz
{ { { b/ J ;" mmn{ { {m { { { y/
Cby z n ^b ^ybb" {
b b" A" b b {m { n { m { mnbz y yb" b-b { x" byz { ny" b n / Cz {m { ymn { ‒b m/” O y" sybz m" m
" {bbz mbm yb -nbz m y n - nz " { bbz m
{m n ybx" |yb" bbz x/
J m ‒b b {m” my zy y ‒ n b m/” Abb‚ { bb xx" bb nb m/
W { m y b n { ynb ‒ -b bb { AAbb/” Qm bb fyb mz n yz" ny b {
z xb/ W by bz mb mm/ Q b Mz Bji cq c Gcmi" n { b z Yxz " { { { | ‒ b { {mz mzb m mz bm"bb b { z mm " yb ym … mbx {z b bn { {yb myn b z--m {x m y D { m { m m y/”
J nbybz " bb -x { ny b b m
b/ L{ y bb yb m/ L{ y y bb x b bm z nybym/
[jwwz cog [jqiC k~icw Acocgjco fdy~ocbjqw bicxiq c bcqwjok bikcaz/
w~joc mASyiio
~joc MaSyiio" c xiwi~co n~dcgacqwi~ cog fdy~-ocbjqw" ay~~iowbz qjwq do wli ndc~gq d wli ANA cog MaAbibbcog cog Qwi{c~w/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 9/32
Gamn~ 55<
Qiwwbi~q do wli Igki6 Jgiowjwz cog
Mdgi~ojvcwjdo do ^yqqjc‚q C~awja
H~dowji~
On WuYxz N Abymn
157 " x :<57<3788
Al`dw`c jq qqjc‚q dqw m bz/ Q m
{ nz m v" b" bm b Xbx/ { b m C n ^y m" bz y { Qx nb xbz bv z bbxv y"
/ Yb mAy { y mbz nz Ay" b { n bxb m mm z C y/ C bIm xbb x m y NQ" { Cbbx { b NQ/ Yb " nz Ab [ Ay
{ m bbz b Cb ^y/ Lb v Cb" Ay xmb ny" b C y bb b m z
Qn /W b , cywdodmdyq d`~yk
^y mx mbz" {bm b-x { m{ b A‚ * On Wm‚ yz/ Wm -b { xy | C A" { x Ay y m { Amn { f y {bz b x / N{ ; { ysy { {bbz y| -m ‚ m { O{ ^y/ Qiwwbi~q
do wli Igki6 Jgiowjwz cog Mdgi~ojvcwjdo do ^yqqjc‚q
C~awja H~dowji~ bb" b zbb m xby/ J b b y Qx z" yb m bb Qx {" m m m Qx Y/
Cbz y m
b nz m ‒nx/” ^ yz ym n bb mb x{" b bx z n y- m nz nx bz b nz sy sy/W z { ybbz mbb-b " -bbz n { yz ‒nb”b/ J x y b{ b bz bbz nb nb b yby bz m ym / J b mz bbybz X‚ mx m" z
xb y m b nb x/ J mz x{" nz b bb b yz n nbm mz n-bm y nz A‚ H b
mb y bb /
Cby z bb
{z { Ay" Im y n
x ny nz " by { x ^y { m m b yb Ay/^y b m { mbb-b z" z mbx Ay {bb , m *^y" { xb { x m - yxxb bb{ bb Qx / W n y Ay ^y"{ z m m b
m { x z { x { z x z/
x bm Ay nz ^y mmn y " { Qb‚z xbm
y bny x {z bz {bb { m b ̂ y/
fn { ny m y m" mb O" fy z Ay m / Cby mbbz m n{ -
xbm ^y A" |b mb bbb/ Wy xbm y y n{ b m z Qx A x-m { b m { xbnbz bz xb y Q [b
[/ Ih sym xbyv nmmy O"
{b m yyb ny b x nyb" Cx CO- A Lxbb‚Nx D" bb m mnbz bn{ ; /
{ y -m- xbm y-
/ D { Ab [" y { C nm xy by yb nz bnmn" b nz mb/ W
{ bz/ J C A" m
C Gjhhi~iow Od~wlWli ^yqqjco C~awja qiiq i|w~cd~gjoc~z alcokiq dxi~ lcb c aiowy~z/
~dni~w mAKlii
^dni~w MaKlii jq co c~alcidbdkjqw {ld lcq {d~`ig ca~dqq C~awja Acocgc cog daacqjdocbbz jo dwli~ aj~-aymudbc~ ~ikjdoq/ Ljq mdqw ~iaiow ndd` jq W BJmz b6 C Lym Lz C
[b ,Yojxi~qjwz d Aljackd" >55;*/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 10/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog35
yz { nz m Cxy nz n Hbz { { O/ Qbb n C m- yz Axb ‒ xb" { mb xy ny m" yb b
{ n x" " " cq j d~ wli ~qw wjmi/ J b myb m" bb … b { { O …
y bz bb b/” Bz Zy Qbv n mb Qx by m" n { ‒v b zy m y ybbb b b { { x mb { m {/” W { iowyqjcqwj" zy b ‚
{ y m {b n bm x y / W " { - Qb‚ { z O"b b-m z bm/
Wm bbz n
zm ‒m z” { y - mm {b Qxzm bv b-by Nvx‚b/ O bz x { ynb m b^y" ny b { n xbnb { m b ̂ y ‒mb/” W " -" m" m" m" xz sym { m y m b z yymn y yb bz m y mbbz
xb y/ Wz { mbx - m {b" n bm x m b yz/ y mbx mz " z bz yb z ymy-b b y mb { m nz y m/
Lx b " yy { y y|m Ay {z b/ [ Qx Y bb bz {sybz m m - Ay { xnb" b xm yb b m-
yn y mz / xm y -" zsy x b ybz nm n y-nb m/ W x ^y b
x nz " " b y ^y {bz v y ybz x/
W { Ay J { y ymm { J xb { bb f N Q/ Wx m b z Czbb{ yz Cz ^x" z { b { mbb bm/ W { b {
ynsyy x-z -m nb y m Qx v" ny { bb nxy { n / W y B m sy n b { nz n mx/ Nz
mz { m Cz -y m fn x zsybz bbz bb" ny ybm
{ nz " y mym n / W { yb yb {yb n sy b y m {" mmy A Cb bb mz b b Ay
{ { b x/
Wm n" bby { - " xz m nz {^y b m b { y y m bb/ H xb m { nbz z" x sy y y b {b y yy ^y mb/ W zm y xb y x-‚ h nm y b -m v/ W { m y bb y"
m m { nb y -y bb xnb my m mmny nb bb m-|
x/ Wm n mbz xb ‑ m bb b mbb bm" ^y { f Ay mmb y bb m y y/ J { ymy mbb
x b m { bx bny/ Cm m y b { { m m bb {x mb/ Cby n{ y m y nb x mmy" {b bb y x yb n m b { m bb/
m n { ^y {m Ay y bz -yb mbx ‒mv” n y {z b x" b-mn { ‒” x/ z mmz nz- | nbb Cyy z y bz-
/ W {m y { nbyn"{n" nn" nb my-m b m - / mz ^y m y { - m n" y ny bbbz y" z sy x b bn xn { / Ay { bb b" { m b b Cz Nz" n m ^y b b/
Wm‚ { | { xz - Ay" { b ^m Cnmx x / Cnmx" { m
x bz { m " zy b { {b { -bbz n n b y xv yz Zb
z bz / Cnmx‚ mx
x x bb yb/Wm | x y b m bb yz nz m m {" ny bb myy m { { Ab HA xb y-z { b ynb x ^y‚ m bz/ [x " Cnmxny b yb m Qb { y Ay b
bz Nb Q / Wm x syxb m YQ' nbb Ay/ Cz { mbb" m mb|" "z " " x n{ yn mx b b/ A ym x nyb b xbb y yb nyb sy y A
C mmy/ [ Wm b
m z b-m b { yxx
Ay/ W b { { mbx n Qxmz C {
{ mbb mz { mv { f ynnb" mnb yb {{ n" x x-bb m "
m {bb y b z mb f/ {m b b v b nz " nb y- bz { { yz/ W mb m nb m m Qx mz/
J zy ^y {m b m { { Ly Ayby Cz
n nyb nz xby/ I x ybbz fn" m iowyqjcqwj { b b" m| nz bz nb { {yb x bnz - bb/ [ Wm mb nyb { m {bb " J x bb hybz m b xbx/ W Qx b"
{ { mbx xy m {b b { mv {m" y b-m bz bb {b xm yby C/
Wm { bbz {bb/ L -
b n |y b z nz m n" ny mbz z y mbbx/ W m z bb { mz b b { x nz | b" x y - { { {yb nx mbym/
odwi
3 Q ‒Cnbm nbm { “Jy Cbz‚"” Cmi~jaco Cowjsyjwz" xbym 1" ymn 7" 9:‑9:/
J " C
uu " u"" " " u /
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 11/32
Gamn~ 55< 33
Wli Gc~jio Kcu6
W~cxibq jo wli ^cjod~iqw d Ucocmc
Mc~ MlLny ynb><1 " x :<399537>3>
D cog do d~ ic~q g~jok wli
‚" b x nb
m x G‗ x {z mny b-by-b zy xbb ‒bb” - m n/
Ny x m / D y n" n {" {bb b"
f Ly y / C { n/ H " -z-
b" m z fy y m Ab‗ y zm‗{ {yb x yb x- { xby" n
yb bz x n { nz m { nb x n nz m { y- {b bmbz ny mb/
C { m y ,-m" mbb" nnz b-yn*" b y Axmãb" mb { b {yb m bz { nz mbz b m/ Wbn { x G -" mz | " "@z" yz x y, {y A {*/
‚ b b‗ z {" { xb b bx‗ y"
{" y " ‒J bv G { m-b|" mz- y/ J‚bb gjk giiui~ " J/ H mz b J { y b { z/” C n y mb/
H { ‚ {" x " x G" { my m fy Abmn n" bb ny mnb " {m my" mz bz yym"my b b b n{ Cb y Qy Cm { -
Cm L{z |/ A |/
L ‒Gê /”
W z‚ x n nz b" bm- xbb nz @y Añnb" nz fy mz/
mybz" z" G mnb b Abmn ybb"
{ by my " ybbz { y mb B Cmb-bv/
O z {z { G/
W m x Q sy bz " my by"m n Qmz" { z x {m b m y/ W m Ib H / C Q bb/ Cb Y Q mbz" {" { nm b mAb b " b nb{ { b y G" y ; yxyb nmn" y m {yb nmn z fy O/
J { bz " { @y J" { bbz y mb f"{ z ny {{ " Y/Q/ n /
C {" mm I" b" " z {" y m
xbb" b " x" x-
bb nz yy y " mm fy" xnbz m xy n mb - yby/
L xy b { xx b nx6 b" mb" z z0 b b bb b0 y n- " {" Añ mzbz" { fyb xb" nb z x bbz n |b ,x bz z { m b y n z*/
J xbb y " ‚
m { sy6 L{ yn m {4 C ynm4 [z m {b y m y - m xy y4 ‒J { y m {b y J y { bm
y m"” {/ ‒[J bb sysy y x {b m" Cym b { /L ‚ z z" ny J bb ‚nbx y z/” Cym xybbz { G
{bb bb nz yb Db … { Cym n b {bb" ybm yb yn m/
[b mnb mn-
yyb" m vnbz ym / L byz ny"bbz m" y x z bz/ C " xbb x { m-" x " bbx nyb-v mz b / n " b sy- b/
[b n x nz xzb" { x myb"
bb 6 ny n Nbn Cb0 y xbb -
0 { {bx- z-b xz zb bz xnz/
W m y x n m{ {
G m " n Ab Jb Ann " x- b my Ayysy ^x" bb{ x xbbz y - / W " { { m nz { @y y" { nby y/ y n " ym
/ W {‚ bb m fyz" { x/ C fyz‚ " y n fyb" {b bz{ mbm " { z my { {bx m/ ‒J b { n"” z" ‒ m mz m" mzn x z"J m / J b y J‚x { Jm /”
bx y yb { yy z , n y nz mbb n*‗ mnxbbz mny G" { z b x v { {ybnyz y b {
/ [ b sybbz yb G‚ nbz yxxb" { y-n b" {bb xybbz n x b" m yz/
W " G u A"
uu /
Alc~biq [jb`joq jq" mdqw ~iaiowbz" wli cywld~ d cmimdj~ iowjwbig Jo wli Bcog d Bdok Hjoki~ocjbq,Uiokyjo" >55<*" cndyw wli qymmi~ d 3:8: {lioli {d~`ig jo c njk d~dowd aimiwi~z/
Admu~dmjqig IgioGdaymiowjok doi d wli mdqw jqdbcwig cog gcoki~dyq ubcaiq do ic~wl/
Alc~biq[jb`joq
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 12/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog3
Wli Iog d Iwljaq jo c Wialodbdkjacb Qdajiwz
Bc~ I/ Ql l Q Mc~~cbb-Sy‚ Yxz >78 :<51911181" x :<51911198" x
G~/ Qal{ijwvi~" mcz J jow~dgyai G~/
H~co`ioqwijo/
Jm mb-{ {- mn mz
{ yby/ W - mb x-y/ b " { nbx" x n y y " b { x- CJGQ/ Cybyb
bbz m { yz {bb"z m" x {b‚ m x/m nb { m mnb b {bb x y m | b bb/ Ab yz m z z {bb x y b b nz xb bz sy y/
‚ / Ny " bx" m m --bz y y/ J bx z m G/
X H" G/ Lz Fzbb" G/ Cbn Q{v G/ F Qb" , bbz * b
{bb y ymz " {" b-
m y b nb bz ynnb/ W { m
y" ym yx b" yb{ yb yby/ W b" |m-b" { xz b y " n- b bv" z sybz n y b y {/
W xb ‗{- xy xy {- xbb‗m n b" -xbz" b n/ Wb n n nm 0 ny b y xz- { b /
J {yb n mb" {x" { m m { bz y b/ J {yb n mb
ny nb m m b |b/ I y b -yb m m m" nz
x n {b y n bz/ C m" { b yb xmz x n y ym y {bby yb yb/ J y |y mm { mmn { Lyn xnbz bb{ nz Om/ [ { b -yb" {x" { m {b { y xz x nn nz m bz b {b { { y bb{ ym n yymbz/
Dy z m nz b y" {b m nz b xz/ G myb | vnb mz y { v { y bx nfxz" { y
m ,fy * n ynbybz xz x bm{ y/ J {b" nbz A J" y mbb bx bz m b m x xz z x nz bb{
bz- mb y/ z | b {bb n m xz m { y{ {-zb by|yz/ Dy |‗ z m m xbm" bnb xm m y ,nbz b*m‗ mz xb {b zb/ Nbb A J" bb" m m xz" nbb C Qy Cm/
Q xz bb x- ynbz m m -ny { z" nz xx bm b n bb z/ C H N mybz
m" ‒{b {/” N { {- yz" ny mbz y -yz Iy Ibm/ C yz b" bn { {b { mb nz y { -yz bnb F Qy bb b @b |/ bb | xbv y xm {b/N nbx ,{ b ‒* n m bbz m- ym mb y xb x/ Isybbz m" bb | x
{bb" m b bz" m m m {m {bb-y" nb b- v/ J" bz" y b ,bb { b b-y * mz x n bbz nb" ny z
{bb ybz zb" x m" Ibm /
J Wi Iog d Iwljaq jo c ialodbdkjacb Qdajiwz "B{ I/ Qm Q fmbbz Ibm m bbz nz N‚m ‒{b {/” D -b-n ym" z bb |m n b/ [Ibm uljbdqduliq {
x m {yb m y {b m nb" ym y"Qm z {b- n z m/ Wz ‒{ y b
C~wly~ Qalci~ jq wli gj~iawd~ d wli Aiow~i d~ U~diqqjdocb cog Cuubjig Iwljaq cw wli Yojxi~qjwz d Mcojwdnc/
Gdiq Wialodbdkz Mc`i Yq Gd Jw4W{d xi~z gji~iow xji{q d iwljaq jo wli mdgi~o cki/
c~wly~ qAlchi~
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 13/32
Gamn~ 55< 3
bx /” Oxb" z x ‒b nby” bm ‒ { ymn mz bbz mbx" ym n xm ,y*” z f m" bb" { -bz / ̂ { b - { { xby mb nbz { b {bb bb m
xy by/W y y b bnb ,-
syb* ‒z by mb bmm { -bb z/” J" z ‒yyy" yyb" m-zbbz /” W yyb"z " {bb x bb { { /Gbz" {x" { m y z b b {z / ‒J n y y n … y yz b mbbm/” ^ { x
ym m ybybbz ^icb Iwljaq nz F ^/ Qm y x b y ynb y yb z { m fy / Cbb x" z {bb bb y { { nbz nb mb x bn{ n b/
C by bmxy nz y" yx ‚ nxb ym n b m m/ Q {bx{ mb y-" nb m/ J
b b‚ ym x-bz n | ym m" m y b I mbz mz b b zm mbz y-mnb b zm b|z mbz m nbb b|/ Wy" m hyb m ym yx/ ["nbb bb y ymz y-bbz xbx m mb x b mbb z/ W {bb { y by bm b y z b - ym bb { L {m/
J {" x z xbyz nbz" b-‚ ‒bz yx” x/ J ymz y xbyz yb b - m nb x" b Lym Oy nby y {bb n mx / J x nby" { by xbm y z ‒yyb” m ‒bz /”Q ynxx bz ny y-m b b Oyb B{ xy nz Qm /
W bbz |b {z y bz b mz/ z m
my bb/ W nym m b n m Oy/ C m-m‗yb" bnb ym‗ m b { ‒y ” n x/
nb ny { x { { m nz / H z‚ yb ym" yybbz " mmbbz" y- y ym n y/ x " { nb y bz n- y ybx {b {
{ bx/ W x b m b bbb nb y / D yb x{" { , * { my
{ y { m b {bb nbz/Q { b yx" { {my ybmbz { y m y/
C yb " Qm x { x{ yxqyn quiaji ciwi~ojwcwjq/ Wz b ynbz x yx -
,x* nby" ny | nz nxb / D {x my x yx" { {bb b x x z ‒nfx” / Yb x- |m" { mbz xb y zb {b" OybB{ m xb { { yb bx/
L |mb { n bz y/W {b‚ -yn nnz" By N{" {n z " ;/ J {yb n |- z x { mb / Gmz ny"
y bz mbz nz - I{ Q { n ym xbv/ ^by b m n mbz m- mv JXH bz ybz yyb0 { y bz / Jxnbz" yb m G/H { x/ myy nnz {z { ybbb yn/ J JXHbz { mmbz n {ybsybz z mzz |" bn/ {yb ymnb" | {yb {yb b " z ym b {yb / [ {" { bm" bz b z
nx { {b/ W bz {z x sy {yb n m {b-{n JXH/ I z b" { b Gbbz " mb mb yb /
D syb " nz " x z { bz m ybnb bbz n m n { xyb yb n m m { ny f bz/ Cmbz" bbz yy sy y " n xyb bbx" z / Ny my b6 mz
{ {bbz { yb ny x sy JXH/ By N{ z {bb-y zy {m m" bb yb x n nb xn b/ O y n b" zy m
/ C z m" Qm
ynn Fsy Ibbyb‚ x bbmm/ bz" Ibbyb" x‚ { ym x" {bbz bbz" {x bz /
[x n " {bb n / Ny -bz ‒ymy zm"” b sy m b{ { x nm bx/ Gb m
- z mz b y y b -| b mz b y z ny" y mbz " { nb n y nb {y y yybz b b yb
{ bbz /Hbz" J bb m-
x xz by-nb/ [ b xb z x z { odw nz b m-bx ny nz -
xb mzm/ A
bbz b m { y yb { b y" ny y {bb n ny N Db {yb yb { bnnz m y -z mbbz ,* bbbz/ J y { x{bmbz {bz bbbz {yb" m {- b m n {" b b z z {yb n ybm nz y y x / W m‒bz m m ” bb m -y/
J " { Qm
bz m xbb z z x m ny y z b mym -y -m|mv- yb b" bb m" {- b/
y bbz {b { f m bz by-nby,yb { {bb m nbb b v $ x */ Ny xy bx‗ { bm bz nz bz ‒mb ymnb”‗ xy bb xb my bb m x y/
W ‒mzy m bz” {z b -b b b yybz b mb " nb n| m {ynb z | nbyn z ny bymmm/ H mb nbn{ y n bz y
{ n z / Cb ‒mb" mzz yz"” Gxz‚ K~cog Josyjqjwd~ " bbz my m b hyb/
odwiq
3 Yynbz" Qm y N 3< yz/ W m ‒{b {”
y N‚ Migjwcwjdoiq Qca~ci" ynb 39:/> C yb n Qm { bmm m zmm" ny b{ { bb mm m/
Q M f u I u u N‚ u
‒ u/”
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 14/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog3
N A QW u
A u u u u
u uu u
u ‚ ‚
L ‚ u
/
Fybjc MaAc~wlz
G W N @W G W u 6 uG 6 G 6 G f6 Muu F AG 6 u " u"
A [G 6 M " - "
I uW 6 " " u
G J 6 F Q"
N CG u6 u CW 6 " "
W 6 u W Iu6 G 6 C
sG G 6 u "
3<55‑3:15C 6 " "
G W /
Gcxjg Abjo`
Gcxjg Abjo` jq wli c~wjqwja gj~iawd~ d wli ^d{i~q
Uyn ^icgjok Qi~jiq/ Li jq wli {inmcqwi~ d 2udiw~zmcaljoi/adm?" c ~iqdy~ai d~ udiwq/ Ljq ~qw ndd` d udiw~z" I Hy Dy Q" {cquynbjqlig nz jklw~dui Ndd`q jo >55</ Li jq ay~-~iowbz ~icgjok B z b |b$Ab I|b ,Udiqjc$Udimq* nz Abcygjd Gy~co/
Fybjc MaAc~wlz " d~jkjocbbz ~dm d~dowd" quiow wio
zic~q bjxjok jo wli Yojwig Qwcwiq" Od~{cz cog Qdywl C~jac nid~i ~iwy~ojok wd Acocgc wd qiwwbi jo ~y~cb Odxc Qadwjc/ Qli lcq uynbjqlig doi ndd` d udiw~z"Qm{ ,[dbqc` cog [zoo" >55>*/ Wjqudim jq ~dm c oi{ mcoyqa~juw/ Ay~~iowbz qli jq~icgjok Am Lz nz Mj~aic Ibjcgi" cog
C bz Qby nz Fdlo Ad{ui~ Ud{zq/
Wdm [czmco‚q bcwiqw xdbymi jq c ndd`-biokwl
a~jwjacb iqqcz" Q [y 6 W y z G [b/ Ljq ~qw odxib" [ ̂ " {jbb cuuic~ jo >55:/ Li jq~icgjok dm Lczgio‚q [ GmQz cog udiw Ucyb Lyowi~‚q Am Lx/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 15/32
Gamn~ 55< 3
Ys G
6 W" [" J 6 " "--" "u / W" u"/6 "
" h /
O / J md~i Wyiqojklw d~ H~jojklw
w wl~dykl/
v J " u" J / O "
/ J ‚ / J‚ "
Wdm [czmco
GBD - h
F
u
s u nyw
wlcw‚q odwljok
uh v odwljok
admuc~ig wd
‚
u
‚
wli ud{i~
d {d~gq
Hbd~ioai W~icg{ibb
‒N ( I C/”L G‚ / U
" s u " -u" v u - u /
C " / J u" / N u6 -/ C u " u
u u/ A f u / L /
J M Q‚ u" / Q " " u " 4 [ ‚ / C u -" uu / L u u 6 u 6 6 /
C u Lv" - u / D u Q‚ @" A/ D Mf B BG / L / Q / W u " u /
Z " / C f 4O/ L " / L G‚ " -
" u / Q S Q" -u u " J‚ " 4 D ‚ 4
L‚ C " ‚ ‚ "L‚ "L‚ /
Cbi|cogi~ Dhhd~g
Cbi|cogi~ Dhd~g jq c {~jwi~ d ubczq" udimq cog
qld~w qwd~jiq/ Li gjxjgiq ljq wjmi niw{iio Kyibul"Dowc~jd" {li~i li jq c qwygiow" cog ljq ldmi jod~dowd" c ajwz wlcw ubczq c qwc~~jok ~dbi jo mcoz d ljq {d~`q/ Li jq ay~~iowbz ~icgjok [ [ b
Cny [ [ b Cny Bx " nz ^czmdog Ac~xi~" cog X " nz Wdmcq Uzoaldo/
Hbd~ioai W~icg{ibb jq c njbjokycb udiw cog c
uldwdk~culi~ {ld bjxiq jo Uiwi~nd~dykl" Dowc~jd"cog jo H~coai" li~ ocwjxi adyow~z/ Li~ udimqcog uldwdk~culq lcxi cuuic~ig jo oymi~dyqAcocgjco bjwi~c~z fdy~ocbq/ cq {ibb cq qixi~cb d wli Bickyi d Acocgjco Udiwq cowldbdkjiq/ Li~ ~qw ndd`" Abx ,3:::*" c adbbiawjdo d udimq cog
uldwdk~culq {cq uynbjqlig nz ^doqgcbi U~iqq/ C
mjoj-adbbiawjdo ,oja`ocmig ‒aljundd`”*" GQ " {cq uynbjqlig nz bjwwbiqlac~wu~iqqjo >559/ Qli lcq ~iaiowbz niio jmmi~qig jo WN Ly nz Cmj Ma@cz cog z nz Ocoaz Lyqwdo/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 16/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog38
[lcw Wliz [cowig
Gc M~~z X A1>< " x :<585577<<
Mz qdyb jq bj`i c ldyqi" qmcbb d~ zdy wd iowi~" nyw J
u~cz zdy wd iobc~ki jw/ Jw jq jo ~yjoq" nyw J cq` zdy wd
~imc`i jw/
‗Q Cyy" Adoiqqjdoq" J/
Cq co jcki d wli ~iqiwwiiowq y y mmy O{yb Bn m
yz" m y- { y n mbx {/ O" " | m y y Gz‚ [lcw Wiz
[cowig/ W mbz { m xb" Qzbxcoyq Od{" y x-m b/ Ny {
bb "‒y n{b y z "” z myby y mbbz by-nb yy/ C" ny { b b ‗ { y my n { b/
Ly" n x {b" ym y mz xb/ ^ n{ { y-b" z‚ Qzbx O{ ‒b{z b… fy b{z m/” Cn y m n" x nz {/W ny-b" " nx m-
bz b {bz" ‒ y ‚ x y n/” Ly b yb" ybb y0 Qzbx z nbx n"A" ‒W‚ { J zy" ybb x bbn y/” Ix O{yb yby" {-x zy bx m/
Qzbx‚ y y { b {z" xb bb z {b/ Nz [lcw Wiz
[cowig m x m { { yb" { y " {bb / Dy bm" n" b b A N {b mbz " { z {bbyxx/ C Qzbxy‚ y x
y b y m mz Cbn b nm/
[x {yb m x n mbz‚ bny‗Qzbxcoyq Od{ z ‗b nz Qz m/ [ my-m bb nyb yz / Jb b{ by b m0 yb b-‗m m" "y bb / D m mnb bm
yy" ym b { - mb y xnb-z m { ‒ mnmn m y n m z my/”Qzbx sy 6 ‒Hy y" y z‗y { x y" x y/” J yx m {‚ z b/ ‒O {z m"” by" ‒{yb y mb /”
{b" y mz -ybz/ Hz Hy-Iz" ‒n-z” nb y m" x{ { yy -m0 { {yb n bx | y" n 0 bb y yx" -ny y x|
/ Hm x y"Qzbx { ‒m {y m … y" " mmm bzbz‗b y n Az Cm" m bb"{ yb { m n n m/”
W n{ x m ym { y yy n/ J m-b Qzbx { ybbb m‚b xb y6 y bz" ‒y G‚m b m { /” Ny -m" Cb" { b bz" y bb
Q Cyy/ J n ymx Qzbx‚ b z n {z m ‒m b y” yz Lb|" m‚ yb - ‚ { mz n y nz
‚ m { ‒b by b z PA] z Bic~o ~dm mi/” ,Adoiqqjdoq
XJJ/*/ D{bbz {b b y A‚ Fy m ‒bb” x m" b b n‗ y- bbb" nbz" { Cyy‚ m ‒v b bb” nz z/,[ Qzbx‚ bx " N" { bb{ {z ‒b z"”
n y-b /* b- x Qzbx‚ ym- nbz m" " m m-bz" x n m y " ‒y m /”
Qzbx Cb" mb n" yb { mz m bbz m b/ [x -nb yn|yb " -
x n/J m zbb Cb m- nb {
b b { mz m-b /z { y-ybz ny mz bxb {
b bx yvvb y" bbz nx mny m ym b-/ C " ny mb bz [lcw Wiz [cowig " { {m nz by z‚ b xb bnz { xybz" b " x yb/ Hmbz z bx g~cmcwjq ui~qdoci yz
" { { yy bbx yy/
{ | ynbxb m x y‚ { b ny y/ Qyh z z‚ Qzbx‚ z { z m mx J x x y/ Isybbz {
Cb‚ " nz { bx y m / J bx xb ny z mz { b" ‗ b ‗m m / z y bz { bx " ny b n bx { m
y n z y/ W bz z mb ym-" ny b ym n " b m {z" y yb z/
^da`q cog Lc~g UbcaiqOi{dyogbcog" Cbni~wc cog wli gc~` ojklw d wli qdyb/
cooi mc~ji wdg`jbb
Cooi Mc~ji dg`jbb jq c {~jwi~ cog igjwd~ joDwwc{c/
J P C] 0 ‗
" " / M D
/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 17/32
Gamn~ 55< 3
D~gjoc~z Bjxiq
F ťx~ý b nz yb [bB(DG" m @z N>1 " x :<5<<83:771
Fdqi ť`d~ia`ý jq c u~djja ~jwi~" w
yn mf nz { x m-ynb
xb { y z/ Wi
Ad{c~gq" b { Q [b [ { y bz z m-my x Avbx" { 0D~gjoc~z Bjxiq" m---z bz bn y yz" m ynb b/ B xb "D~gjoc~z Bjxiq n xbz b nz yb [b" { xb bbn {x y ny y bz yby/
^ybz b-b" b-
xbym m z m ,x {n *
z Xbx^xby/ J { Gxd~c` jo Bdxi ,* Wi N~jgi d i|cq ,*" xb ny Av Cm Axb [" { x nz { yz b b b/ Jmz n ysy mbm‗ Xb Ly L x m mb‗ny xb mx { m nbb b 6 b m bm nbx /
x‚ y yy sy n bx z b { mbx x nz |z b‗bb m Lb" Qb" {b‗mx my bx z , {* / n { n xb O
Cm mv m nyz xzz b y Hm Ammym/b" ynbz" b { nbsybz"x / [ mx" {x" { bz m x z / J y"x‚ b " Gz Qmz" nb mbz yyb m m - {m bb
x nz b0 x
m nx îoiy~ / { n m " Wi Ad{c~gq Wi Ncqq Qc|duldoi ,*" m y‚/
W xb { y‚ |b { b b/ [ A" x b m |bbz { -b x y b bz " y xy y x/ Cby Gz m
b x" { xb ;" Wi Mj~cabi Kcmi ,;* Wi Iokjoii~
d Lymco Qdybq ,;;* n m Hyb‚mm ‒ m m {‚ x/”
C {z y {yb n bbHë yy‚ b y y- [b [ { { yb yb Iy n{ Cb Lb Ab Ab/W xb { { |b { z -x { Qbvz bb Onbv ‒ bx mmz …
z … m m b/”J {yb m m ny { |b AvŎ{ Ŏv Qbvz mb/W { n y xz mb| {z x mz z/ C " x‚ b {‗I Av [ b/L x b fy mb/ W x-b { mx n m y
/ C x |" zb m nm m xym"x |mb" y n{ b ynb m m L‚ Xi~wjkd/x‚ x- ym Aymm" y z x"n n b m bz/
W { y b Wi Iokjoii~ d
Lymco Qdybq" b xb { x b‚ { Ib/
Cby x { b x y ; ‚" J x m x z { z ny Qmz y Avbx {" y
yãx Lyã" m v m/W m mb / B b
@y" x m { xb y/ L { {d My~gi~q jo
Mz Gdynbi Bji ,*" mb| y
bb m| " ny { Qmz zb/ Dbz bbz ynb y by mn-y m {bb n mym/ D~gjoc~z Bjxiq ,Dnzifoi vjxdwz * mbb y {bx { nz my m { m bb{/ W xb yy y { b y @b" mbb { b n/ W b
" z b/ W ‗ z bx b‗y " {yb |" m y / W m m m bm x
{ x n z mmn ,mb z‚ m* { x xy yb/ Cby bbz xy "z b ‒z bx” b bx y z x nz /
Nz bby "ny m "
z" x mm m- nz - b n bx m sy {b
bb / C Qmz m"‒[ { bb b b/” L{ x zyn4 L{ zy4 bz ynb x y/ Wz { vy b n {/ Cbb {yb { Hyb m ‒ x / J‚ x/”
W xb { { m n bb
x‚ b zb‗ mmym "b by" m mb |b" bm yb m/ Qxb x m b m b xbym y‗b y Bi imuq ~iw~dyxê‗ y ynyxbz {x - xbym b z/ Ayz D~gjoc~z Bjxiq nb nz mb fy|- mbbz mbbz b " -x b xb y-ybz mbbz n xbynb ‚ bx/
Cby nx xz" Qmz n {z b‗‒zy ‚ m ”‗
fy bm/ L bx y / W " { bz mzz" y yb Av b yb x/
Qjokjok wli Iy~duico NbyiqC Avial-Acocgjco cywld~ n~jokq c mcfd~ ac~ii~ wd c abdqi/
qcm qdbiA`j
Qcm Qdbia`j bjxiq jo d~dowd cog jq wli cywld~ d y Nby6 W H F x ,IA[ U~iqq" 3::5*/
W
ťý‚ ‗ u" " u u"
/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 18/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog3<
Uji~~i Ni~wdo6 C Njdk~culz
C/N/ M@uAbbb Q{:3 " x :<535993
‒[ld jq wljq Uji~~iN-{ J ny4” Wi
Kbdni cog Mcjb ‚ " Ibm^ C" y x bz y ,‑*/W y" ny sy {m bz b ny z { f/ N" nz y b yz" ynbz { Ib A‚ n-{ynb y/ [ "
Oxmn " " " mn n" y m n" { yb {bym b" y m bx / Ny Ly" y bz m" b mybz { A ‒WY{ Ayz/” Nz m " N‚ y byxbz m " b yb b m" my m @{ Ayz/
Ny { my { bbz {
ny m mb4 C/N/ @bb" mb y{ xxz
A " { ynbz m-x nz N‗ b b--b yy-/ @bb" y ,m mz bbz m* -b my Wi
Qujoqwi~ cog wli U~duliw6 Hbd~ioai Gii`q" L/K/ [ibbq
cog wli Mzqwi~z d wli Uy~bdjoig Ucqw " nbb fn { { N n" { mbz { { N/ C ‒b m” " { { nz y { bx4 Iy ybbz y {" {b" b ybz" { m
N‗ A | xybbz y mz y {bb/
W n n N‚ x n b‗ b nz m mb/ C by n" G~jwjok Ldmi ,;*" Qwc~wjok
Dyw ,;*" Mz jmiq6 Bjxjok {jwl Ljqwd~z" 3:7;‑
3::9 ,* xb Acwq J
Lcxi @od{o cog Bdxig ,*" -- yb" y {"Wi Fdz d [~jwjok6 C Kyjgi d~ [~jwi~q" Gjqkyjqig cq
c Bjwi~c~z Mimdj~ ,*/ Q y fyb y {bb" bz x
{4 [bb" bz m n -bz m n n" ny {
bbz xb - x" { @bb n/
N { n Fybz " " [/ [ z mbz mx b" { G{ Az/
L { m ‒nz‚ {”m" b { | { { nnyb { |b mx y-b/ J x {
m m" G{yb " ny Ab N { ynbmb/ [ " H" b fn m xm -m " N X" b {bb y/ J {
X N { mnb" z {z zym/ " ybz" y mb bb G{ / Ny m { b" { b m {
mz z/Imb b b
b‗b‗{yb bz mbb N‚ b b b/ N { bb n x{bm nz "ny |n bb y-z ny y " m G{ mz {bb x b / O bb N‚ b {yb n my m m {H" ny z y m" z m z mx m
mx Zy yz‚ y/ J { m my b H " { ybbz byz" { m- m m / @bb {nyybbz mybbz H‚ y x m -z-b6 ‒W { y nbz z m" z nm m yb
{ y xz b b" bx mb x ybbz b/”
L b N‚ { { - G~jwjok Ldmi {" ‒ ”N ‒m bymn { {"” ‒ n xz my ny ‚y ” ‒{ { bx
" nbz b yb m mb b-/”
W @bb n bx X" ‒b b{ ” n b m
C Qwd~zwibbi~‚q Qwd~zCo cacgimja i|cmjoiq wli bji cog wjmiq d Acocgc‚qmdqw qyaaiqqyb uduybc~ ljqwd~jco/
~dKi~ lcbb
^dki~ Lcbb jq wli kioi~cb igjwd~ d wli AlcmubcjoQdajiwz" c mimni~ d wli Giuc~wmiow d Ljqwd~z cw wli Yojxi~qjwz d [iqwi~o Dowc~jd cog c qiojd~ ib-bd{ cw Mcqqiz Adbbiki cw wli Yojxi~qjwz d d~dowd/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 19/32
Gamn~ 55< 3
m y ‒ z { J yb mz m z bz bb{ J b J x mz b n mnb/” C "Nn Cbb" N z { z " { ‒ n " x y { n m y" J { m z x /” L by6
J mmn mz z" x
x 6 ‒Wz‚ b" Nn0z‚ b"” Nn {6
‒Z" z c~i b" H"” { { { y b" {x n y" n { {b { { x sy m /
C bm b" { N { b x{ { @bb" bb ‒ {bb y z-{-z-b z { b m/”H x{ m mb y N/ C " ymm { G{ bx { " {bb
{b" b { nx n b yb mm mb |y/
C b" { |b" N X Abb" { {" bbz {-z Yxz NAbymn/ X { |bz b y b m " ny N { bbybbz / J { b YNA" { z { bb ymz m { {z
yxz/ YNA z" m bz
Ynzqqiz z" { m N/ L nm yn |" z"
‒Q N"” bx y yxz x bz mx Wi H~dow Ucki/ C ynbz { ‗xz ‗ y -b -z |b W Lzb n Xyx b "ny b YNA Xyx‚Oi{q-Li~cbg / W Oi{q-Li~cbg { m m ym0 { b" y-b" y { Nbbz b / [ { m
Xyx b Ln" b m bx
N ‒ y P] /”Ny N { b n
f A mz/ L x {m bb ‒ {”‗ b x{/N { ymm y m bz m x b x y Y @m/ Ny y {‗mz b y xb‗bb m b x bb/
N Xyx b fn { Qyo" { { b yb { { U~dxjoai" yb m/ @bb ybbz {N‚ {b y z‗ y-
mb b fym y mbz mmn - my z" vz ybyb mn " " b‚ / L m b‗ x
b ‗{ nb b ny O Xbbz" ‒Lb Xbbz"”
{ " bz" |b mz ‒ y x - m/” W b y Mcabico‚q mv/ N m y {yb n {z ym y O{ Z { Bji Qcwy~gcz Ixiojok Udqw / C { {yb b /
Ny N {yb n b" by m my m b {/ D ny Ynzqqiz n { { F
[b‗ny x z n ybmm mz / F {ybx m‗n nym b
{ m bb n { ‒”‗ nbz x ‚ / L {yb bz { z mx b6 Ynzqqiz " Mcabico‚q " bbz" nm- bz bym d~dowd Qwc~ / L ybx m F" x m bb nb‗by b- b bz b/
N‗y nzb n
‗m Mcabico‚q z A / C { {bb { n {" y {" v { " nm b y/ L m { y
{ f d~dowd Qwc~ bymb zmbbz bb b
bb y z " yz zb y my z / C bx-" by z yb bb H~dow Ucki Alcbbioki" bz m,by { {{ n m *"ny bb { m/ C y@bb‚ b { { { bby" b vvb-vvb m yyb/
W y { zbb" { b{z n " ny { xb b b b m/ N
{ mymb y @b b
y" bbz |b { nz mz {z" nm y A6 yb / G b {yb bb bb n n‗ bz { - zb b/ J m n z n ‗ mb/
W b " y" N‚b A‚ yb b - y bm| @bb‚y/ @bb { z xz {bb"n" mb" m z" -b { { bb y/ J { by @bb‚ bbz ndoc giq nz yn" {
b mz n -x y‗ b- m b / N
{ ynb @bdogj`i -y " N {yb ny y
m b/ J " mbb ny yb v nn fy- m {" {yb ym m {yb v xby/ J m mb‗ybz bz y-yb mmy/ C yb mz bbz m" N {‗ mz m‗ yn mmy/
N zbb xb nz { N bnz { X
bz/ D " y/ A ‚ { n‗zbb bnz/ W yz { b N { n m m
Cm B/ N { n n{ bm { ‗ { m y b {yb nm { bz {yb" m y -ny/ N { b b-‗{ y Hbz { A/O{m" ynb y F Abbb" X m y ^ B
[" mv { y Cy J{ ^b Cbb" nyb b n m b x yn
nbz y y b b ybyby/ @bb‚ x sybz my z b A z nz N‗ b /
C { ny N / J {nz x{ n ny J N bm mz
mz m" mb y { z b " - zb y- mbb
yn/ y m N‚ { { x‗ {yb m x my" |- x ymym" xy ym/ Ny { b{zy/ L x {
{" ny b{z ‚ ymn { b b/ J bbz { -" ny @bb { { {bb - b m/ W N‚y y mz b yy xby z n x -bv ‗ bn {xbb/ O n |mb n y C/N/
@bb/ C b { / [ m
m y4 J { G{ @b {z mv bz b/ [ " H" y { |m y{" yz bb{ y b m b y { x/L " " m yz y b b y {‗bbz / W mnbm mm y m X bm nyb" b nbz nz m" b { b b / [
bb { y n b/
I uu u ‗ ‗ u u
N‚ u u /
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 20/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog5
Wljq jq w~ojok dw wd i c ui~ qic- A / W y z‚ b‗C{" y"
Df" X‗ny mz y mb " {bb mz m
x" bz { { xb z bb/ ^yb B^A {bbx " {bb m m" ybb-b x{ { nz Cz Fm"z Q{" Bnnz Abm" F Nz"Gx N" G z" F N" HQ" O ^" F Wm" B"
@ F/ Lxz F x/W‚ b" ny mb/ W
mz m b { y " { mbz x m mbb/ Q y-y Am " {x x y fy ,m x b x -* m A xb mb zy m zy mbz/H m-x{" J y -y -6 ̂ n ̂ " ̂ Cbb" C A" Gybb" Lb [b Bx{bb/
Wli Hbzjok W~dywmcoq
M~c
@ Am { bb{ y x b‚{‑{ xb" C Admubjacwig @jogoiqq"
{ n" by n b ny m / L"bz ym nz m-ny nz"y m A m QDQbb m bx-z-b " Wn/ Wx bb " L‚ m-bbz bb " m n/ B" Wn‚-z-b n" b" zm" y b/L bv " - y " B" yb- Wn xz bz
m b x n z" Y Q ucwi~cmjbjcq A" x {z z bnz ‚ v/ ^ {‚ { {bbv y by
b xb" - bz yby " bx zy by xybnbz / J fyz n zb m-b" x {x n{ x y z" x L ‚b" by m y" my m/
G~ckdohjiq
K~c Ncz Nnb
^x Lm m m-z A {/ C{ x Wi
Dgzqqiz m { Wi Uioibdujcg " { xb Nyz - b sy Wi Jbjcg " by f L" xm { bb zbbbz xx m xb/ H zy -yb" { mz Lm b y" G~ckdojiq y {z z f [" m m nb -ybbz mb ny Nyz b m Dzy‚ b b bmy" b‚ y Lb/ Q z b m y-
Dzy‚ x{" mn m nbz mmn b" G~ckdojiq xb my - ,by mm*/ Nyz fzz Dzy -nbx - " { x bb bbz mz {/
Gjqwcowbz ^ibcwig wd H~iyg
C Alc~z Am NW b xb bz y n Ibb‚ b mbz Ab Iy F{ b nz {/ Hm bz " Ibb { y b
b |b z" {b y / Oybbz" n Ibb‚ fyz b/ Ny b Njbgyokq~dmco"
zy b" n Ibb {" b{bz
sy ybbz" {/ D mAz‚ {bb b xb { ybnb" yy" yy{z " by / W x b xb mbfy n{ Ibb ‒mb” O
Cm b y " by m nz n
{/ Cby Az Ibb x-ybbz b { " n {
{ z ,by b { my b- *"
b { bz y { b {bbb{z n yb/ Ny y" ‚ { m m {bb/
Yu~dc~
Fc McBy‚ Sybb
C m-b y yy m" F// Byb" { nbx { z" " bx m yy bb zm b-{ / N{ b- h Ab Yxz mb " Byb { b mb -Nmb/W bx b x
bbyb bby m my- |z" b b byy bz b/ L b b y { m b bb , B* H V/ Q , V*" { m mz fy ybb F// y b b/ B by - b Yu~dc~ { mz A nbz/ L y yxb b b b { mbz zb bbyb bb m ‚ bxbz ny-" { x Q{{" m b {z bA mmy z m J
By/ Ybmbz" Yu~dc~ z ny nbz y fz m {/
Odxib Ubicqy~iqH~dm wli ubcjoq d W~dz wd Ni~wdbw N~ialw‚q Ni~bjo wd c Qcq`cwddoldqujwcb" c qibiawjdo d hawjdocb fdy~oizq {d~wl i|ubd~jok/
n~do[zo g~cjoji
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 21/32
Gamn~ 55< 3
Ixc‚q Wl~iiuiooz Wlicw~i
C~ Qvy G Cy m" m xbb { Cy Cyy" {
C{ Qmv f bsy{ { nbb zb mm-nb Cy Ix/ C { m Cyy" Ix
n n myb yb" ny " " { b n By -{ Nby y|bz Oymn- F{ - A/ N Lb { byy" x nz f m { Nb N‚Wi W~iiuiooz Dui~c/ L b bb { bx" nb bz mz nyb b cog li~ gdk b z/Qmv bb { ny Cy Ix ‒ ny mm"” m z n x" b bb - Ix Qmv" ny /
Cby z nb
{y " yb mb-b" xx { x y b nz Lb/ Ix { {z { b z /
Xjqloy G~icmq
X Nc~êy A x |" bb bm mm- x/ W n n / XNmyê m f z { | nz m { Ly b Xy6‒Q m bx b" x
{ x Nb [ -bbxbv b/ H" {x b mz
xy" z x bx m/” Ny m yb bz { b- z Cm b bz ‚;6 b" m { y yb bx Y/Q/ z/ J b m x { b" Gy zy n" Qyn" z m {z -bb xbv b/ J " b mm ‚ yb mbz / Yxz N Abymn" y fyz { b by { Q Lb‚
x/ Qyn" zy mb " m ymb y bz Cm / W b mz @ym Cx m mb by-" {x my Xy
ym my ym /
Wli W~jqwco Ald~g
Nc x @cu b ynbN x @m" { xb" Nbyi
Niadmiq Zdy" { m Cmv/$N A H Oxb C{" n z-
b {b my m xb { xb" Wi ~jqwco Ald~g / m m ^
[‚ ~jqwco yog Jqdbgi" xb |m- bm m z m yb [b [ {‗ z y m yby" " bbz"my/ B myb y bmy" xb { xx6 - z -
{ m mz" - x{ QQ b { b m- { -z y m A" bb yb | {/ Cby
mz n bbbz " fy| x{ xb myyb y" mbz n my/ [b n Lby" bbz |b mz y my6 my m bb" yz b/
Kddg wd c Hcybw
Mc~c IH NW z$yz mbz
{y xb nz Cbn-n { { n" Duio C~mq" { bv ANA‚ Niw{iio wli Adxi~q/ Q Ab
x y m { Q z { ybz sy mbz/ W m b x"bx Ab { mbb b m--b{ m bb/ W m-z" mbm bz n {yy y" n y" ny I‚ m Ab‚ yb6 nnb mbz y { y yb"z xy" m xz ymmn bb 4 I |b y- b y mbz b" m b O Cm b b Cl" [jbgi~oiqq# Zdy Aco‚w c`i Jw [jwl Zdy/ W b
b z xb" b z ybz/ Ny m y, n " b y mbn * x m x m/
Zdy~ Qcg Iziq cog Yod~kiwwcnbi Mdywl
I ^cx XI ^xb m m bz
{ { x n nz y" ymb y yxx Lb‚ |m m/ J xb" -{ b" n y y-
xx‚ b { bx { { bmm/ H" b m" bz" zz z xz n z xz m / Q" nb m z b‚ z xbz xz { nv |m z b y/ W fy n y nz z b n ym |/ W ybm b bby {z { ym bz m y | " ny bbbz z / ^xbn |bbz n m
ynf" xz { ybm m " {" " yb" yb " ny m bb / J - bm ybmbz yb b m Lb‚ nybz/
Wli Qdyb d Cbb K~icw Giqjkoq
O NclAm NW b y m y| m { zb yn m" Cb" { m m-mb y / ^sy z " Cb x mb b |ybz/ H {b"
b mb " y -bbz { mb / W mQym" zy J {m ybz {b - mm- mbz" m A bz nz C J / myb b-b m y Cb Qym‚ mx |nb by" { mucq gi giy| bz y n nbz mz / J‒ { bbz m z"” { |yym x{ nz mbb mz" by x m x-y bbz yy/ J b-bzy b Cb nb yxx" ny
z y b y m/ [ zb xb‗N‚ |‗b ybbz m yy Lbbz{ bb/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 22/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog
Oibbji MaAbyok
Alc~ K~cz y A>57 " x :<5855887>
Imjbz Ac~~
B GQy A3<9 " n :<58558857
Jo " wli ijojqw qdajc ~id~i~"xb" xy my Obb Aby { nz m
v @ A m By O x/ L" " ^ Qb" m { mD| m / W
{ { y mb" y b m yb mb - /
[ x" Aby" " {yb y /‒J m b "” b m/
W " xz { yn|" b m Ab z‚ m nz Oibbji MaAbyok / J z Lbb bz Gx‚ Hj~jok wli Licwli~6 Wi Bji cog
jmiq d Oibbji MaAbyok ,*" bz ybb-nz/ [ bm y
n{ m " zy " Iy A" b ybm" m- m6 {z { b b m-nb bynb |/
z Aby z mmn m {m n bz " n {m yb x z{b A" {bb n z yb x Y Q N/ J " { ‒Hmy Hx” {" " xz Ayb Ib nb { {m { y N~jwjql Od~wl Cmi~jac Caw bnb n A Q/ ,Q
' nbb ym/* Z { " ny
m bz " {bbn xm y{m"-m mmn Cbn bby" n-bb y xb - n , bb*" { bym" {" bxv
{z ynb " m x bb
bb/ z" { y-yb n ynnb {m y nb‗Jnb v @" Qy "A b" yb F‗ bxbz nb Aby bb b" bz y b Az/
Cnx bb" z {" y m b z b b A z/ W z mbz { Obb {n ; D‚ z Ayz mx x
z b N" n" m b b/ W { Obb
z { y" m m { by b/ Q { { b " { b b bz | zb/ C bz bb {m" { y yh y bb b/
D " { n yxx b { sybbz nz n |" x {m
{ b ybbz b syb / J - x { {m x Hmy Hx my Im/
z sy m b Aby { nz Fy Imbz yz" { v ,bbz A QymAy* bb |by {m m Q/ J bz bby I‑[x/
‒J n nb I {m"” yz { "‒ x b x by ym Cbn { x
Qym Ay {y x z “bm‚m" { 4‚”
Ij c~~" wlcw ijoiow jawd~jco" cq -{bb { {m
m " b Obb z" nbx zy b mbz/ W Qy
C‑n -n xb B{ GQ y nz
b yyb z‚ Oibbji MaAbyok " ny bbz { b z nyA/ L b n x nz y n- n x |n by {b nb z/ O A y my yz/
^ { z ybyb { n yb b6 N X xb {bb-- mbz" -b" y Q H" x J
xbb x m b" B [m Qb C" f m" bb bb/ C x z
Ib" y m
b" mn " H {
Cb b m sy"
y X { my f/ Q y b nz y n y" y m m/ @ mz m [ mz / J ;" { |n Ob bbz D{" m mm-n y Qx { b hm x/ B{ L y
y b mb/ Q y b y NAbymn b x ny yb y {" { n/ L bz b y { Ox b { x b‚ Bz C{/ G " ;" bz b/
GQ bb ‒mb| z xyb { bx x | bz” m N/A/ b- ‒xnb bb nyz mzz/” yy" ny |bz x{/
[ z‚ Oibbji MaAbyok m x mm" GQ‚
n y yny yy/ Lbb y A m y- ym Ib ny bb y
{z yb ; , n my b0 -
A~icwjok c Acocgjco Ucowlido Fdlo ^cbqwdo Qcyb cwwimuwq wd gibjoicwi wli ocwjdocb alc~cawi~ nz qudwbjklwjok jogjxjgycbq/
Fygz qwdhhmco
Fygz Qwdhmco jq wli d~mi~ ndd` ~ixji{ igjwd~ cog bjwi~c~z ~iud~wi~ d~ wli Q/
J u u
H H I/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 23/32
Gamn~ 55<
" xy n{*/ L { ybbz bb y ny A‚ b
{ z b mz |b f" my b n" bx m/ ^ A b zy y b nby"bb m y | / Q ‒ nyb bb/”
O nz | "ny m b m Imjbz
Ac~~ n z y { n |/
Alc~dwwi K~c‚q cog ijq i dwd‚q dd`qb I|z A "
; m n n ynb nz yA x z/
J A Aby" ynfby b yb" mmz Gyb" |
C" Byz y mz" ̂ b" [b By" Q B" ^ê Bêxsy" yy" Om Ny" B "bb By" N N , ynb n-* By ^b { nb Gym
By-Lbz B H { ^n Nb{/I bz b y b
bn mz y‗{ y @{bb" Cê " // Xf F Ysy‗ { nb -m y y mz nb" y" xb" m" m my-/ Cn m b nb " y" z nyb mbz b/D {yb b b Q [bbm Db"H N Ab N" QQ Hbm /
Cz yn n {bb m nz zy m | m by Cb z ^zb
D yym / C |b { Y/Q/" 6 ‒[ OmNy4”
y x ' mbb n b m ,b b-y bx ym n n ^ DOJ Nz Ab*/ W y nm b y {b y y b z m/
[b f m n" b Li~jwcki Mjoywiq bx" z m m A z m |z" b F ^b Qyb y6 m b x
b--b xyb {" nbx" /
B{ GQ‚ Imbz A qyj kioi~jq" y { ysy myb/ GQ b m A | H Omb/ mn mbb { x { y H O -‗m m| { |-" m yb/
Ab z { " Aby { z " b-yA {m y { mx yz" sy m
{m { Ib" nb/
J { b n n ny y { Aby‚ bz/ C y b " z { Ay " yb" { m m by"J nm x xy m-
v m { Qyz / J { -ybbz yvvb nz bz bym z Ab" { bz { xz yz/L bym { ny ny nb z m x z y/ W b m nybb" bb nby n{m {m { { m‗ b yb b n n Obb /
m { mz y
Aby v y bz zy {m0 ‒x {m” { mbz m y bsy " {bb n- ny bb mx mb bx/J" n bb{ b mb m/ Z z m -y Aby m m y b
{ yx nm nz m y {z n m b m/ [z { b xz{
{ mb/ W { y m b ‗ m { y { ny bb/ ,O {m" Aby nbx‗z { mbbz y/*
Aby x ‒ b” { m x Cbn" x n |m { n" xm-{ bsy { nv { b / J m b y b/ B { m -n {" ny mmn ANA‚n x bb z m b -b /
Aby‚ m by -mm { bz nz b/ L yn" [bz" x y b { ny nb" { b { nm
n{" bb y y-b { bb/ Cbb { bbz y b " F" /
z m m { { ny x" ny m xObb b/ C Aby‚ " y Hb ny b/
[BY
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 24/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog
Mc~ji-Cooi6 Wli I|w~cd~gjoc~z Qwd~z d Bdyjq
^jib‚q K~cogmdwli~
Mc QAbbb Q{>:> " x :<535<5>:8
Di~ wli ic~q ckkji Qjkkjoq lcqn
[‚ b-{ z" { ^ixioki d wli Bcog " ny sy - b F{ { { n my" y ^jib " yz m my m [ y" { x y Mc~ji-Cooi6 Wi
I|w~cd~gjoc~z Qwd~z d Bdyjq ^jib‚q K~cogmdwli~ " {- z { {m bx [/ W {z { yb n
xz y/ x Q { y " Jm b n yb b
x { {y" y { {" {y z mbz | m v" {x n" m " b y { n /
x mbz y {{ m -C Bmì0 z { ‒ { {m” " { By ^b‚ m/ Ny z my bb z {/ W x nxb { ny -C" b m { H" ybb "ny b" bz" ybb m" n
{ {‚x n ‗ ybb-b nz
{m { m x n b A /
[ y yb bbz x y b m" bm [ yb { bb-mb xy/ D y" { z" {
{m " " z { … y … y nx -m" yb xy y" b mbz " yn" nz |mb" m m-bbz y {b/
O yn Qm Nyx yb m ymyb b x n z‚ { {m {m" m -m
m { yn ‒nb-"” y ny" { mz x
{b [ n | m { nm [ bb {z Cbn" { yxz { m z { z mb yxxb mbx by nbvv y" y m " bb mm / z mm-z mz m m‚ ny z z { ny mnz { yz" ny ny { z x
bx nz sy " x ym b- x m { y nb " m {b mb { m { bn" - n {bx -b y" x n {y x b -ny {m" x m " b m y/ C z bb m #Ny m xm m/ G n/
-C Bmì" n ; xbb ê" B{ A" y- y yy b m nbmb / Q n ny y { {m { ‒b y"”xy" " b/ Yyybbz" { b" " nyyb" m x mxb b/ Q x mx [
{ m-y- yn m ;0 " xm " { [ { m
{b n" x/ Q bx
" x n y " " Qx D by x" bx x "By" ‒b n A/” Q fby ‒yz
{” yn‚" m mz m xy nb n { / Q " n" { nn n - m bn b n { nb/ Qb b " bx bz z {yx yn b { xb" ynb b" x nyz" mz y
x nb {m z b nn/ O bz yxx m-nb [" bx m ny b ny" bz x{ " x mz
m" {b xybbz y -bz bz b/ ,W mnb " x ‒xbv” " z bb bx yb/* Ny n I0 z bx bb " b y Q/ N { bx
{ yn" bbz z" mz z /
[ J m n4 N m" " m b y { - b / ,L y
Fyb nm ^b‚ m/* C y {z b nm b m"/ b nbx" bb- b" bz m/ C {bb" Q‚m bb mb b z y { -C bx" bbz y m x mz / J " nbm { z xb m n -
z mmbz n ym/ W {my {b
{ y { { "
{ b " z bz mb" m-
y y yb nbyb" Q / Ix y Jmm { { xb "J m b" " /
[ { b b nz y z [/ [ my b { --z by xyxdzckiy~q" xy mbz bm m O [ Amz m" Ly‚ Nz Amz" ‚x" B Qb‚ m mz
H O b" {" bbz" J mbz b/ J { mzb " x -z" -C mm mbz { b nb" my y" ‒Iy" nz# Sy zy nbz syn-nb# J‚m x#” J‚x yn ‚ x my" nbz m {z bz yby z‗bb y mbz y {mbxb mb b { x y b‚ , mnbA y*‗m x bz / Jm v ‒HmyHx” ,bb {m xb*" { x "-C x x b [
b yy yz" y mmm " bb m b b" {/
Qlc~do Nywcbc jq wli cywld~ d 38 ndd`q d awjdocog odo-awjdo/ Li~ mdqw ~iaiow ndd`" b mQ " cndyw wli yoqdbxig 3:8> my~gi~ d c qalddb ~jiog" {cq uynbjqlig nz Lc~ui~Adbbjoqic~bji~ wljq zic~//
C W~yi Acocgjco Li~dOdw cbb wli k~icw qiwwbi~q d wli [iqw {i~i mio/
qlc~do nywcbc
M-C u f ‒ ” ‚"
/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 25/32
Gamn~ 55<
4" 4 4
u
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 26/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog8
[li~i wli Ucximiow Iogq6 Acocgc‚q
Cnd~jkjocb ^iadxi~z Mdximiow cog wli
Y~kiow Oiig d~ ^iadoajbjcwjdo
Mc~ [cGyb Jz
>87 " x :<399189151
[i qwjbb lcxi wd qw~ykkbi" nyw od{ {i c~i jo wljq
wdkiwli~/ J ~ical dyw wd cbb Acocgjcoq wdgcz jo wljq
quj~jw d ~iadoajbjcwjdo/
‗Ob A b H Q L‚ bz Ly
Amm
Mc~ji cggio‚q cwiqw dd`" [li~i wli
Ucximiow Iogq6 Acocgc‚q Cnd~jkjocb
^iadxi~z Mdximiow cog wli Y~kiow
Oiig d~ ^iadoajbjcwjdo" m mm A‚ z/ D Fy " " m
Q L Ly Amm bz nbb" bb A" bz b b/ W bz m b bm bm { bb yxx m y" by y ^b Amm" { { y b bb xbx b m nb z/W sy b y{ [ { m 4 [ { b n" bz y/
[‚ mn b y bz 6 ‒W n m {/ O m mb" nbm mb|/
" y" z yb m -z by/”
J nb z bm" b { mz { z { n z by/ J mz {z [ y- m { -mm mmyz xbm/ Q yb b x{ z b/ Z b { bb x b {z /
[ fyb ANA y { bx Q/ F‚" O{yb/Q x C Hbb{ ynbbz y m n n/ L n { {-{-
Ojwcqqjoco6 Wi Jooy Qw~ykkbi wd ^iabcjm Wij~
Ldmibcog / [ yynbz
nb b" { m y {" m mbz y z /
[ m f n y/ Q yb b b { m z bz { ny/ W n n { z { Jy b y" y I{ Oy" { { bx { Q/ F‚ y/ Q { { m y ny nz‚ mmyz Qy mz nbm " y / J { mmyz bm b m { b
{ x h { /
[ { x ‚ I{‚mb n { m b bzb m y ymy b /
W { b m/ L{ yb bzb y y b-yxnxy m y b4 … z yb Qy { nz bb { { m b y m b" ny z {y x {m /
Hm b y [ | x{ b yz {/
Q nm y { bbz - nbm fyb/ [b xm y " [‚
x b b b6 b- b" mmy /
[ ny b ym-n {z {bb { nb
mmyz/ H" b m bb x" z b -b { y yz { y
{ y y b/ Wyy n bb ybb mmm / Q x{ b Lz" m- b xbm m
[{ x" { 6
[ xm b y ynb ny b y b z m/ W y b y " {
{yb b y b" m { y6 zb-
m y {" mb" b / W ‚ n bz -v { xm Az/
Q" b { n-b mmy n{ b {z m b" m m-yb b n{ nb ybybb b mz mbx bx -/ W n {b nb m m mz mb| b-/ J nbb x{ b" [ xz
/[li~i wli Ucximiow Iogq "
b-/ W b bb zm - fn n x xz
Uiwi~ Gjoqgcbi jq co Cojqloc{ni cog mimni~ d wli Ay~xi Bc`i Hj~qw Ocwjdo jo Dowc~jd/ Li jqay~~iowbz wli i|iaywjxi gj~iawd~ d wli Ocwjdocb Cqqdajcwjdo d H~jiogqlju Aiow~iq/
Chwi~ wli CudbdkzC ucqqjdocwi fdy~ocbjqw cq`q {li~i gd {i kd ~dm li~i4
Uiwi~ gjoqgcbi
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 27/32
Gamn~ 55<
xb y/ [ { {b b x nn { HCQG nn xz " n" ymn m n nn xz n nb mmyz/ Ix m bm bz nn n Oyxy x HCQG/ [sy G/ ^b" Q/F‚ nbm6 ‒J bb yy z " | -
{bb x n z { yby m z yb ny /”
Ymnbz" bb x { / W xbz |b y m x b -b b bb/
[ { ny y b nz ^b { -
x Jyb { bm Bn Q/ F‚
mx m m h mmyz/ L { { b y m x -mm { b { HCQG mz zy x/ W mm { bb{6
^b y yb by fy nyb mm {z yb { HCQG yy bx/L{x" b m" m ybb bx ny z" b { n m { /
W b sy/^b bb z F/N/ ^" mxyb ny {m -/ W nz y ynb { b{" ^b mb b{z {
{ / [ {6
^b { y bz … Wb{z‚ b { m6 ‒Q z" bb mb/” ‒F/N/ y mb bz b" { { b n Ab m/ Ab b HCQG"” ^b b m" … x /‒J yb x m/”
J [ n/ [‚ bb n bb{
b { xyb z bz nb/ L" b byxbb bb sy my bz mbbz/ C m z"
J y x n ,{ { bb */ P] J‚ y {z" ny zy y x b { zy { zy { " { zy ‚ x m/ Wz‚ bb {/ Wz‚ y " ny z‚ bb x m m/
W" [ m b" my n m6 b zy bb" y b my m/W { {x m
{bb x x sy bby xz
{bb/W xy b b m -
my b v bbz { mmy/ W b { y ny/ L y b-m b v/ Lb DyQ [b{" b nb b bbm/ L b bz by/ Dv y
Cnb Lb Hy my Ob Ox Cbb Gy
Cny m y bn/ Wb b x m my -ny nm y mmy
[‚ n x b
ny/ J zy { ny m" b n/
[li~i wli Ucximiow Iogq m {x/ W n yb x n mfz nb b bx yn / W y hm / mbb b {nb z A/ D " bx x bx yn "
{ nb bx yb ny -xmmy/ Z bb m [‚n m { x b mxm yn / W nb-z yn nb b -
z yy y/ W { n / W H Axm n n xz x x bb b y yn nb b/ D x bxz v x n m z z y mx sybz b yn nbb/ J yvvb [ {yb x m xz nbm /
W m { n ymm xê/ C yb |mb {bb y-/ J y [ bb{- bm6 ‒[ my m b b
Cnb mmy mm bz/ [ my b m ynb bz y H O" Jy ê b bx ybb syb v/”
G [ bbz { bb nbb { my n4 Qybz
{bb bb{ {b b b bb" x b nb mmy-z m { my n /
Cbbz" { {yb bb ynbbz my y nb b bx ybb syb v4 J " A ^ Hm y b b# Wby n| m b bb xby /
W y y xê b n/ [ nxbz m y { mm b bx mz y -/ J b bx m
m m xbz b/ W byb by bb b nbm xbm z" xb HCQGz" y @b{ C mm-m" x b |yb ny x nb mmy" x y nb zy m m nbm nb mb b b z/ I {yb b m m b bb
| A/Ny n-n v‚ b y
nb 4 Hy b n-b v yb4J m x nb y4
[ {yb z sybz b b bx m-my4 Av x n - { z" / -yb {bb y- b z mbb ny/ x bb
m n n {/ Cz y mmyyb n y b b" mm" ybbz mbm" {bb b /
D" m nxy mm by/ [ sybz bb b z b m y
{ b/ Z bb ynb y zm A bz ny b m/ [ b by bbm b y mx -
{/ Z mm |by b bm" b m
x n y /G " {x" bb{ m
z {z m / J " b by ny n/ [li~i wli Ucximiow
Iogq y nb y- nb" ny ny / C [by n {6 ‒W x n b b Cnb z x sy / Ybmbz" b {bbm { {b / [ n
{z x b b { b " /”
[‚ mmm nbb y m y xz y / J bz z {yb z
my " { m n nb m- {/ A bbz m n yy bm m nb b m y/Q b b bm bm - nb x zm x yn m / J m y n {bb m my m A b/ J nb mmyz m {bb nnbz n my / W b z y- { z b nb mmyz" {
xz bxb y/ Ny bb xbm H O" ê Jy v yb xz bxb bnb m mbx n-
b { / [ [‚ n x m m { y b b mxmm y " { nb b/
[ u u u u u
u/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 28/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog<
Yu Wjbb Od{6 Wli Cywdnjdk~culz
[c Qlc~ l Gcx Hl~Wm Gy N17> " x :<513>1>893
Jo Qujwi d Mzqib6 C Mimdj~
Al~ul~ U~ Cb C/ @ 898 " x :<58:7>38>
Bc~ioai Dji~ doai dqi~ig" cu~dudq { -b | mx
" x n y z mx { { m { / Abymm [bbm
Q" A" y nm {- mby/ Nybz bymm" {{ mbz" b { {m mby ‗ b mm Jo Qujwi d Mzqib ‗ b {- x {/
Q" " m‗{bb" A Fm / @/ W n yz / [b bymm bm ymn { yb yby
{x nb m byx mx bb " Yu jbb Od{6 Wi
Cywdnjdk~culz Q { x b mm { mmb m/z Q |y Qwc~ ~i` x b- X { bb mb b/m/ L x{y x y ‒Byz Qz { Gm” yxbbz /
J n 4 G/ J y Q nm bb xyxbb b{" bb x m b " y" |x bx m y { |bb/
N zy { y b/
bymm" y b" bx m‚ b { nbx m x b/ Qy { ym ‚ bz x nbz m / Q" " { bx { F{ qlmcwwi b/ L
ym m m y m" m -Qm { n m y {z zy/
N { m mb y m bz / N { {z y yGm Gm Hxb" n x Q Hxb / bymm x { bz Lio~z X " x xybz -m bm O{ Z/ Q x yyz/ W ymm bymm bb bb { z Q n / Lm { vvb/ ‒J m
{z x yb x"” {" bz bb
mb / z y x m bb ynsy m m m C xb/
z b y bymm‚ n/ ‒Qm , b* bm Nbb Q ybb m Lz/J { QDN { n “‚/”
bymm‚ b" { D nz bz " { -b y nz mb yz/ C ny-
yb nz" { H nz z {bx/ Nz m { bz n b b-y" m Dy bb ,xnbz" { m {m*/
C by { z mz Nmy x m z O{ Z by/ B Q" b O{ Z nz m" bymm b mz mz bx b/ Yb Q" b X { m" mym ‒y
{ {” {yb ‒bb y { … {b" b xm/”
bymm‚ n" y nbb" my m bb ‚ n6
vvz y bnz y/ N bz Fy C Migic‗ " { F Ay Cb N/ b z n/ { zb Az~cod gi Ni~ki~ca O{ Z/
‒[ zy n bbz -b z " … #‗ zy#”
H b-n x " bymm ybz { b y ybybz/ B n" nx x
N{z ‒ m { Cm { bb x/” J { z { m C Xji{ ~dm wli N~jgki" Wi
Gjc~z d Cooi H~co` [cjwjok d~ Kdgdw " { y By@ fy ny " Onx
fy ynb Bdbjwc/{ bymm
bz m/ D b-b/ [ {N @b F Cyb‚ Wi Bc~` " bymmnx b bbz @b { ‒ybz ym” m/ ‒J b-v" { xz" J yb x n
m/”W y
fym /L z myb- m GxD/ Qbv ny m-
{ Qbv‚ {/ Q b b0 zy0 Qbv ‒nb nz bx/”B {bb b{ { By Dbx m Aby6 {" x{" { /
bymm bz nm y zy mxb z/ L xbb
{ bz ‒ J G” {b Am { 6 ‒J‚ y y
z/” W {yb bN bb { F ^n" { z -y h n x { m/
Ybz y" Cm" m n n/ bymm bxz m y y/ mmz m
{yb nm |-{" {yb y bz n{ nz/
B z bn" bymm b m m m/ Q" Dy nbb/ L m mmnb; Lcmbiw " { bb { bz y G y y
H Lzb‚ yz x n b‒{ nbb fb y y/”
A n m bb{ {" bb{- z" {z y Hb{m Ob ^z‚ yb bm" [jog
Gibjajdyq Acocgjco LcmW{d qld{-d cawd~q qw~yw wlij~ qwy jo oi{ ndd`q/
~cz AdobdKyi
^cz Adobdkyi quiow >; zic~q cq co c~wq {~jwi~ cw W bn b " joabygjok c biokwlz qwjow cqwlicw~i a~jwja/ Li lcq ~iaiowbz uynbjqlig Q y Hb ,Cooja` U~iqq" >55<*" c zdyok cgybw odxib" cog wicaliq mckcvjoi {~jwjok cw wliYojxi~qjwz d Kyibul cog Lymni~ Adbbiki/
H - " U u /
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 29/32
Gamn~ 55<
ca~dqq wli Ixi~kbcgiq4 J Q mm" xx m Cm‚ mmbyby b{z by b/Ny bymm { mnb Q/ L bxbnz yby" bx m/ Ny mNb N Nb Imnb m m y m/ C nz f Lbb‚ { ^zb QAmz" m bm ^jalc~g JJJ /
C m m" m {yb mx- y bzb/ W { QmybN‚ xnb{ Hcbb d wli ^dmco Imuj~i , Q { H‚ xb* - ̂ y Q Ny‚ nv[cwi~bdd ,{ Oi{ Zd~` jmiq bb ‒ xz n mx”*/ L bymm x { mnz- ‗fy m Wi Qdyog d
Myqja / {bb bz
n n- n/bymm b b ny
bm" { b{ ‒W Qy yy/” L my y ysy Cy b" { ny|m y" X ym mb {6 ‒ { {mz b-b n {‗m{ Ib" yn/”
C {z mx4 C ‒xyb … m m z mzb n" bz Lbbz{ |xv/” L b mz/ W m { b‚ y y {b y B bH~coai/
‒J fy { b { bb/ J ‚ nymy b-"” {/ L { ‒ n
n nz b{z" x m m m … mz b | bb { m ny/ J { { ybbz b ny m/” C b{ bb bx { Ib zb0 mybz" " bb bx
{ m‗ x/ Wz bb bz z b/
L { ny y mb m"‒bz { n y z v y” n b b { mbz/L x y { yb/ L Ib ny m m nmxbx f - Q‚bn W/
Cbbz yb/ W m { -/ C f { x Uii~ Kzow bb { ynbm $bz{A Hz b { b nb { x bz/ Qbz " bymm
{ n yb Dbx Dbb" { nbmb m { b m/ ‒Wz n m#” Dbx/ ‒Wz J‚m y #” bymm nbx Az~cod gi Ni~ki~ca n m myb" { { ; z
C{/ Ny ynb z {z/ C by { { n y bbn { F Ly Wi Mco [ld
[dybg Ni @jok / Ly m " ‒C" A" fy my y
zy x/” J " Ly m " b n m /
bymm‚ b ynnb" m
/ C { z b bz m-z z Wi Qjbiow Uc~woi~ / Nz m { Dwlibbd" { bb 6 { Gm G C{/
‒W "” {" {- mb {z y ymmb xb y Lb ‚ Od
Mco‚q Bcog / ‒z - { / W bm z‗ m xy/ z n ‗ mbb
|m/”W m { m -
n" ‒-"” |b b nybymm‗n n/ J |b
{z" { b" { m xz ybm ny Cm" { bn 6‒O m mb m0
m m mz … J { mz y
y ny ‗- m bb/”
L m { ybz/ L - h " z y
{y b y m m /J Cm m{ nm b/ J y ny li~ - y { /
W bymm‚ z mnb 6 z C{ F Nzm -m {"Qz~jcoc" C Nicywjyb Mjog" Wi Joqjgi Mco b xnb my @jok Bic~/ ‒L{ byz J x n"” {" { {‒|z xn m n bx { yz/”
Cby [bbm Q b b" mz bbb n{ {/ J bb nz bymm" Q
{ N{z " bz z y‚y cmi~bcjoi/ C mn bymm-b b b" x m y {x/ Ny n /‒J‚x x y b mz /J {yb n mz b { b/”
Ibz Q y f sybz b" y ^Am‚ - mx Wi Jow~ygi~ / Ny { b { {yb m m / D b/ Q { -
y6 { bz b b/ ONA y/ J { bb Qwc~ ~i`/
W Qwc~ ~i` Q‚ n xb-/ J m|y y nxny xx zb Qwc~ ~i` " m|
{ {b b y m- y b m m / W yz" b m| " n Q‚ yb x-m/ J b mnmy x Ib F‚ ‒^/” Abb ‒W m "” yybbz n { my x x /Q nz nx ‒n-{ m “^ ‚ x
"” mbz { m yb - n {/ L b nx mcz x z/ D / W Q|-b b yb m { fz/| { ynb m Qwc~ ~i`
b" x n m-y/
W x mm m xb z { bb nz my/b ny b Qwc~ ~i` x Q yybbz m" {y sy/ W z myb m my { ‒ b" {bb zy" b4J m" z y by" ‚ fy X {/ B
{z zy‚ #”Onz { / J" n
x { by- ‒ b#” Q { y z { ‒ b” { y / L nm @b nb y ymm" z b y
{x / Ly { b GXG mx- bb
Cmv/m/Ixybbz Q
X " bn m " bb /F/ Ldd`i~ /
C bbz { bz Immz { Ndqwdo Bikcb / [b n nz b z m" mz ybz yn / Ny " ybz m " yb" bz yz/
C nz m mb - b-z" ybbz m { Cmyby xbx/
C { Abymm x y /
Q @ "
/
^
FL 6W ‒ c ” ul c c Qc~cz OlBx" u~-~u" ~lc~/ Q c lu6$$x/c/$x-c$-c---x~-c-lc-~$>957>7891> / Q ‒ u” c n h‗ l l c l lcx n |ux" n c‚ u~ l / D ~l nsz cz lcx n cnxc cn ll~ l c ~ c ~cz f c f/
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 30/32
Bjw~~z ^xj{ dh Aog5
wd wli igjwd~6
A ‚ x{$z ,‒Dy A^ynb"” Oxmn * bm
yz 6 [z ‚ A n mb N4 W { {b yz b{zbb b/ W" { bz xb yby mx mz0 {" ynb nbz" my nz xm b ynb m- y bm/
Xy b " x z b/ W y|mym bz A xb m xby/ [z z m mmn bm { Ly Amm n sy yz xb nz-b4
my nz m
[m/ L bm nz ym J Wi Uidubi‚q
Ldyqi d Admmdoq6 Wid~jiq d Gimda~caz jo
Adowiowjdo |b m6 N mn { v A" ymz y b -b -" ny m y bb m x-yb [m/ Nz " nnm D{ bm |zm/
B x { / Jy mmm" ‚ x{ z ybbz {An yy b b/ A
bz [m bmz zm { y x" { mm‚ {z x- { " H [b
[/^ yy y"
bm yz" mxbz m-y" b bm m - A‗ b yz b" nbyb bb bz yb/
J sy z ynbm ny m nb mz/ W" yb xz ny m
{ z b/ yz { m J x A{ z
A‚ yb y/ Qbb" y qcz { x m b/
C b A{‚ x y n y xmb yz" x { { y b{" { by b bm0 b { | x m" { bz m bmz " mb by -b { Asyxb m Nbb/
Gcxjg I/ Qmjwl
Qcqcwddo" Qcqcwlico
Wi B^A {ibadmiq biwwi~q ‗ cog md~i c~i cxcjbcnbi
do dy~ {inqjwi cw 2{{{/~ixji{acocgc/ac?/ [i
~iqi~xi wli ~jklw wd uynbjql qyal biwwi~q cog igjw wlim
d~ biokwl" abc~jwz cog caay~caz/ I-mcjb 2igjwd~E
b~a~ixji{/adm?/ Hd~ cbb dwli~ admmiowq cog syi~jiq"
adowcaw 2~ixji{Eb~a~ixji{/adm?/
Biwwi~q ( ^iqudoqiq
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 31/32
Gamn~ 55< 3
B^A u
8/2/2019 Vol. 16, No. 10
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/vol-16-no-10 32/32
MCKQ ACO