VOCABULARY UNIT 1ISkills Level 4 Mrs. Sedillo

February 2014

CAPACITY (N): THE AMOUNT THAT SOMETHING CAN HOLD, PRODUCE, OR CARRY; THE ABILITY TO DO OR PRODUCE SOMETHING

•Capacious (adj): capable of holding much; having plenty of space

•Collocates:•Great capacity for learning (or any skill)•A capacious bag/dress/purse/backpack

COMPLEX (ADJ): CONSISTING OF MANY CLOSELY CONNECTED PARTS OR PROCESSES;FULL OF SMALL DETAILS AND THEREFORE DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND OR EXPLAIN

•Complexity (N): the state or quality of being complicated and detailed

• Things that can be complex or have complexity: plans, relationships, personalities, details, designs…

COMPLEX (N): A GROUP OF BUILDINGS OR ONE LARGE BUILDING USED FOR A SINGLE PURPOSE;AN EMOTIONAL PROBLEM IN WHICH SOMEONE IS TOO ANXIOUS ABOUT SOMETHING, OR THINKS TOO MUCH ABOUT IT.

• Inferiority complex: the belief that one is not good enough• Short man’s complex: being too aware or obsessed with one’s height• Oedipus complex: being obsessed with the idea of sleeping with one’s own mother

CONSEQUENCES (N): SOMETHING THAT HAPPENS AS A RESULT OF A PARTICULAR ACTION;SOMETHING OF IMPORTANCE•Consequence: singular noun•Consequential (adj): having some result; something with great importance•Consequently (adv)

•A matter of great consequence or no consequence

CONTEMPORARY (ADJ): BELONGING TO THE PRESENT TIME. MODERN.HAPPENING OR EXISTING IN THE SAME PERIOD OF TIME

•Contemporary accounts of George Washington during the American Revolution

CONTEMPORARY (N): SOMEONE WHO LIVES IN THE SAME PERIOD OF TIME AS A PARTICULAR PERSON OR EVENT

• George Washington and his contemporaries fought the war of American independence.

CONTRAST (V): TO COMPARE TWO PEOPLE, IDEAS, OBJECTS ETC. TO SHOW HOW THEY ARE DIFFERENT

•Contrasting (adj): differing

CONTRAST (N): A LARGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO PEOPLE, SITUATIONS, IDEAS ETC THAT ARE COMPARED.

• Contrasting (adj): differing.

• The contrast between two stories

DECLINE (N): A GRADUAL DECREASE IN THE QUALITY, QUANTITY, OR IMPORTANCE OF SOMETHING

•Declining (adj): showing a decrease in quality etc.

DECLINE (V): TO DECREASE IN QUALITY, QUANTITY, IMPORTANCE, ETC.TO REFUSE SOMETHING, USUALLY POLITELY.• I would love to come to your party, but I must decline your invitation since I already have something to do that night.

• Sales declined rapidly in January.

DIVERSE (ADJ): VERY DIFFERENT FROM ONE ANOTHER

• Diversity (n): state of being diverse• Diversify (v): to make something diverse• Diversification (n): the act of making diverse• Diversely (adv): something behaving differently (not common)• Diverse population, diverse culture; to diversify investments, diversify one’s stock portfolio

ELEMENT (N): A SIMPLE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE SUCH AS OXYGEN OR GOLD, THAT IS PART OF ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM;A SMALL AMOUNT OF DANGER, TRUTH, RISK, ETC.ONE PART OF A PLAN, SYSTEM, PIECE OF WRITING, ETC.

• An element of danger/risk • The adventurer’s plan had an element of danger to it.

• A small element/a large element• Elemental (adj): being a small part of something

ENCOUNTER (N): AN OCCASION WHEN YOU MEET SOMEONE WITHOUT PLANNINGA DANGEROUS OR UNPLEASANT MEETING BETWEEN TWO PEOPLE OR GROUPS.

• A chance encounter with Sally lead to her getting married to Howard.• The Shark Encounter exhibit at Sea World is one of my favorites

ENCOUNTER (V): TO EXPERIENCE SOMETHING BAD THAT YOU HAVE TO DEAL WITH;TO SEE SOMEONE OR SOMETHING THAT YOU WERE NOT EXPECTING.• He encountered some difficulties trying to drive home in the snow.• Encountering Jack like that was not something I want to do again.

ENVIRONMENT (N): THE LAND, WATER, AND AIR IN WHICH PEOPLE, ANIMALS, AND PLANTS LIVE;THE SITUATIONS, PEOPLE, ETC. THAT INFLUENCE THE WAY PEOPLE LIVE AND WORK

• Environmental (adj): relating to or affect the land, water, air• Environmentalist (n): someone who is concerned with protecting the environment.• Environmentalism (n): the belief that the environment must be protected and saved from damage.• Environs (n): the area surrounding a place.

• Environmental issues, environmental groups, protect the environment

ESTIMATE (N): A CALCULATION OR JUDGMENT OF VALUE, SIZE ETC. OF SOMETHING; A STATEMENT OF HOW MUCH IT WILL PROBABLY COST TO BUILD OR REPAIR SOMETHING.

• I asked my car repairman for an estimate, but he could not do it until he looked at the damage to my car.• The estimate for our roof repair was terribly expensive.

• Ask for an estimate; get an estimate; give an estimate

ESTIMATE (V): TO JUDGE THE VALUE OR SIZE OF SOMEONE OR SOMETHING.

• Estimation (n): your judgment or opinion of the value of someone or something• Estimated (adj)

EVENTUALLY (ADV): AFTER A LONG TIME

• Eventuality (n): a possible event or result, especially an unpleasant one• Eventual (adj): happening at the end of a process or after a long time has passed

EVIDENCE (N): THE FACTS, OBJECTS, OR SIGNS THAT MAKE YOU BELIEVE THAT SOMETHING EXISTS OR IS TRUE

• Evident (adj): easily noticed or understood• Evidently (adv)

EVOLVE (V): TO DEVELOP BY GRADUALLY CHANGING OR TO MAKE SOMETHING DO THIS.• Evolution (n): the act of changing gradually; the scientific idea that plants and animals develop gradually from simpler to more complex forms; • The gradual change and development of an idea, situation, or object.• Evolutionary (adj): relating to evolution

FURTHERMORE (ADV): IN ADDITION TO WHAT HAS ALREADY BEEN WRITTEN OR SAID.

GENERATION (N): ALL THE PEOPLE WHO ARE ABOUT THE SAME AGE, ESPECIALLY IN A FAMILY; THE AVERAGE PERIOD OF TIME BETWEEN SOMEONE’S BIRTH AND THE BIRTH OF HIS/HER CHILDREN;

GENERATION (N): A GROUP OF MACHINES, PRODUCTS ETC. AT A SIMILAR STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT;* THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING SOMETHING OR MAKING SOMETHING HAPPEN

• Generate (v): to produce something, like electricity; to make something happen, like discussion in a classroom.• Generator (n): something that produces a result: a power generator

GLOBAL (ADJ): AFFECTING THE WHOLE OR RELATING TO THE WHOLE WORLD; CONSIDERING ALL THE PARTS OF A PROBLEM OR SITUATION.

• Globalize (v): to make global• Globalization (n): the act of making global• Globe (n): a sphere on which is a map of the Earth; the planet earth

• Global impact, global importance

INTERACT (V): TO TALK TO OTHERS PEOPLE AND WORK WITH THEM;IF TWO OR MORE THINGS INTERACT THEY WILL HAVE AN AFFECT ON ONE ANOTHER

ITEM (N): A SINGLE THING IN A GROUP OR SET;A PIECE OF NEWS IN THE NEWSPAPER

MANIPULATE (V): TO MAKE SOMEONE DO EXACTLY WHAT YOU WANT THEM TO DO BY DECEIVING OR INFLUENCING HIM/HER.

NEUTRAL (ADJ): NOT SUPPORTING EITHER SIDE IN A CONFLICT OR COMPETITION;A COLOR WHICH IS NEITHER STRONG NOR BRIGHT

NEUTRAL (N): THE POSITION OFGEARS IN A CAR OR MACHINE WHEN IT WILL NOT MOVE FORWARD OR BACKWARD;A COUNTRY OR PERSON THAT IS NOT FIGHTING FOR OR HELPING A COUNTRY THAT IS IN A WAR.

SOURCE (N): THE THING, PLACE, PERSON ETC. THAT YOU OBTAIN SOMETHING FROM;THE CAUSE OF A PROBLEM, OR THE PLACE WHERE IT STARTS;A PERSON, BOOK, OR DOCUMENT THAT YOU GET INFORMATION FROM.

SYMBOLIZE (V): TO BE A SYMBOL OF SOMETHING;TO REPRESENT SOMETHING BY USING A SYMBOL.

TRANSFORM (V): TO CHANGE THE APPEARANCE, CHARACTER ETC. OF SOMEONE OR SOMETHING COMPLETELY.