Vocabulary Review Digestive System. Digestion Process in which the food we eat is broken down into...
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![Page 1: Vocabulary Review Digestive System. Digestion Process in which the food we eat is broken down into usable materials.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649f325503460f94c4ebca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Vocabulary Review
Digestive System
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Digestion
Process in which the food we eat is broken down into usable materials
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Duodenum
First 25 centimeters of the small intestine
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Absorption
Process through which digested nutrients pass through the small intestine into the blood stream
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Villi
Microscopic fingerlike projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption of nutrients
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Bolus
Ball of partially digested food passed from the mouth, down the esophagus to the stomach
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Peristalsis
Wavelike contractions of the smooth muscle in the digestive tract that moves food through the alimentary canal.
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Fiber
Indigestible carbohydrate such as cellulose that stimulates peristalsis in the digestive tract.
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Carbohydrates
One of three basic food types, may be in the form of sugar, starches, or fiber found in cereals, breads and vegetables
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Starches
Complex carbohydrates such as pasta, bread or rice
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Pepsin
An enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins
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Gastric Juice
A combination of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pepsin that is responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins.
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Chyme
A pulpy mixture of food and gastric juice that passes into the small intestine for further chemical digestion and absorption.
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Enzyme
Protein capable of speeding up chemical reactions in the body
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Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats
What are the three basic food types?
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Minerals
Chemicals that occur naturally that our bodies need like calcium or magnesium.
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Vitamins
Compounds that have been made by living organisms that our body needs but cannot make on its own
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Bile
Greenish yellow liquid that acts like dish soap breaking large fat molecules into smaller pieces
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Nutrient
Substance that an organism needs to live
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Mechanical Digestion
Digestion that increases the surface area of the food we eat by physically breaking into smaller and smaller pieces
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Chemical Digestion
Process in which digestive enzymes and acids change our food into substances our body can absorb and use.
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Stomach
Muscular balloon shaped sac that mechanically breaks down our food and the place where protein digestion begins.
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Duodenum
Site of most chemical digestion in the body