vocabulary first six 6 weeks

8/7/2019 vocabulary first six 6 weeks

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goggles

fire extinguisher


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fire blanket

apron

gloves


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safety symbols

safety rules


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graduatedcylinder

triple beam

balance


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meniscus

data


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SI unit

conversion

(From Customary (U.S.) toMetricor Metric to Customary)


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volume

density

(Mass per unit Volume)(Think about 12 oz. of Cokevs 12 oz. of Diet Coke

which floated and which sank?)


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Celsius

Kelvin (K)SI unit of measure (1 of 7)Absolute zero = -273,15C


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ScientificMethod

experiment


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constant orcontrolledvariableNever Changes Once Set or Established Example: Every 5 minutes

independentvariableScientist Changes then Observes


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dependentvariableChanges due to independent variable

changes; Observation necessary

observation

Involves all FIVE (5) Senses


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inference

Educated guess based onobservation and prior knowledge

hypothesisExplanation based on observation, Must betestable; If.then.because


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displacement

Calculation to find: Subtract smaller numberfrom the larger number; Difference isthe volumeof the object in the liquid

beaker


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solid

liquid

gas

Solid molecules vibrate but do not

normally move about; Close together

Liquid molecules move about and slide

past each other.

Gas molecules move freely at high

speeds.


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metals

non-metals


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metalloids

formulawords or symbols to be followed

(procedure)


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D

ensity=

Mass/VolumeorD = M/V

lusterThe glow of light from the surface ofa mineral, ability to shine


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malleability

Ability to be shaped or formed, as byhammering or pressure

conductivityAbility to conduct heat quickly;Allows an electric current to pass

through it


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pure substance

Matter which is uniform (the same) and has afixed,unique composition. Water is an exampleof a puresubstance because each water moleculealwayscontains 2 atoms of hydrogen for 1 atom of oxygen

thats water in Texas, water in Mexico, and water inRussia.

element

Simplest form of matter and cannot bebroken down using chemical methodsinto two or more pure substances


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compoundA material formed by the chemical combinationofelements, Compounds CAN be broken down into twoor more pure substances, Water is an example (H2O)

chemicalsymbol


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moleculeA particle formed by the chemical bonding of twoor more atoms, smallest particle ofa chemicalcompound that retains the chemical properties ofthe compound

massmeasure of the amount of matter inan object; measured in grams (g)


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matter

Any substance which has mass andoccupies space, You are an example ofmatter and YOU MATTER!

hardnessMeasurement of how tightly the atoms ofa molecule are held together within it; Howresistanta mineral, metal, or other object istoscratching, denting, or bending; See Mohs

Hardness ScaleTalc molecular structure Diamond molecular structure


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States of Matter

Actually there are six (6) states, with the above 3 being historically the mostcommon. The fourth state, PLASMA, is becoming more and more common.


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Mohs Hardness Scale

The Moh's Scale measures the relative hardness of various substances. It uses ten reference minerals. The hardness of a substance is determined byscratching it against a reference mineral. If it scratches that mineral, then it is of equal hardness or harder than that mineral, otherwise it is softer thenthat mineral. The picture below shows the minerals that are used on the Moh's Scale.

The picture below shows the minerals that are used on the Moh's Scale, along with a listing of other common items and their hardness.

Hardness of some other items:

2.5 Fingernail

2.5-3 Gold

3 Copper penny

4-4.5 Platinum

4-5 Iron

5.5 Knife blade

6-7 Glass

6.5 Iron pyrite

7+ Hardened steel file


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Physical Properties:density luster

hardness color

malleability streak

cleavage elasticitymagnetic susceptibility


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thermal conductivityspecific heat

melting& boiling point


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Law of Conservationof Matter


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Law of Conservationof Mass


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Law of Conservationof Energy


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Energy Transformation


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streakThe color of the powder left after amineral leaves after rubbing it on anunglazed porcelain streak plate. Note

that this is not always the same coloras the original mineral.

colorIndicates the appearance of the mineralin reflected light or transmitted light fortranslucent minerals (i.e. what it lookslike to the naked eye). Iridescence - theplay of colors due to surface or internal

interference


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luster

How shinny the mineral is;The quality and intensity of light that reflects from amineral; Categories are:

Metallic: shines like a polished metal, highly reflective

Non-metallic lusters:

Vitreous: shines like glass

Pearly:shines like a pearlResinous:shines like the surface was covered by oil or grease.


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Earths ElementComposition


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cleavageThe way a mineral may split apart along various planes. Inthin sections, cleavage is visible as thin parallel lines across a mineral.

vocabulary first six 6 weeks

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