VocabularyVocabulary Bill of Rights: Bill of Rights: gives citizens natural gives citizens natural

born rightsborn rights

Declaration of Independence: gives Declaration of Independence: gives individuals freedom (liberty)individuals freedom (liberty)

Based on Philosophy from: Based on Philosophy from: John LockeJohn Locke

VocabularyVocabulary Federalism: Federalism: dividing the power between the central dividing the power between the central

government and state and local governmentsgovernment and state and local governments

Separation of powers: Separation of powers: powers were equally divided powers were equally divided among the three branches of governmentamong the three branches of government

Checks and Balances: Checks and Balances: system that prevents any one system that prevents any one branch of government overpowering another branch.branch of government overpowering another branch.

Judicial Review: Judicial Review: right to declare laws and policies right to declare laws and policies unconstitutionalunconstitutional

Example: Example: Supreme Court declared segregation Supreme Court declared segregation unconstitutionalunconstitutional

Divided powers of Divided powers of governmentgovernment Delegated powers: Delegated powers: specifically assigned powers of specifically assigned powers of

the federal governmentthe federal government

Reserved Powers: Reserved Powers: to save powers for the state to save powers for the state governments. governments. Not specificNot specific

Concurrent Powers: Concurrent Powers: ““at the same timeat the same time”” both both powers given to the state and federal powers given to the state and federal governments.governments.

Implied Powers: Implied Powers: powers that are NOT specifically powers that are NOT specifically written in the Constitution, but are understood.written in the Constitution, but are understood.

Examples: Elastic clause or necessary and Examples: Elastic clause or necessary and proper clauseproper clause

VocabularyVocabulary Isolationism: Isolationism: United States stays away United States stays away

from foreign countries affairsfrom foreign countries affairs

Presidents that used this philosophy are:Presidents that used this philosophy are:A) A) George WashingtonGeorge WashingtonB) B) Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Imperialism: Imperialism: Gain and control landGain and control land

– Example: Example: Hawaii, Alaska, GuamHawaii, Alaska, Guam

VocabularyVocabulary Neutrality: Neutrality: United States does not take United States does not take

sidessides

Nativism: Nativism: People want to stay People want to stay Americanized. No New ImmigrantsAmericanized. No New Immigrants

Industrialization: Industrialization: Growth of industries or Growth of industries or FactoriesFactories

Urbanization: Urbanization: Growth of CitiesGrowth of Cities

VocabularyVocabulary Abolition: Abolition: people against slaverypeople against slavery

Underground Railroad: Underground Railroad: series of houses series of houses providing protection for slaves fleeing to the providing protection for slaves fleeing to the North for freedom North for freedom

Seneca Falls Convention: Seneca Falls Convention: first womenfirst women’’s rights s rights convention for suffrageconvention for suffrage

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Woman who started Woman who started the convention and suffrage for womenthe convention and suffrage for women

Business VocabularyBusiness Vocabulary Social Darwinism: Social Darwinism: survival of the fittestsurvival of the fittest

– * * philosophy used by Captains of industryphilosophy used by Captains of industry

Robber Barons: Robber Barons: takes moneytakes money

Captains of Industry: Captains of Industry: Gives moneyGives money

Entrepreneurs of 19Entrepreneurs of 19thth CenturyCentury

Andrew Carnegie: Andrew Carnegie: Steel IndustrySteel Industry

John D. Rockefeller: John D. Rockefeller: Oil IndustryOil Industry

J.P. Morgan: J.P. Morgan: Banking IndustryBanking Industry

Henry Ford: Henry Ford: Car IndustryCar Industry ***Model-T***Model-T

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY Black Codes: Black Codes: laws that restricted freed slaves laws that restricted freed slaves

rights rights ********ONLY IN THE SOUTH*****************ONLY IN THE SOUTH*********

KKK: KKK: white supremacy organization to white supremacy organization to intimidate blacks intimidate blacks

Poll Taxes: Poll Taxes: special fee (tax) that needed to be special fee (tax) that needed to be paid before a person could votepaid before a person could vote

Literacy Tests: Literacy Tests: tests given to men to see their tests given to men to see their ability to read and writeability to read and write

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY FreedmanFreedman’’s Bureau: s Bureau: created by Congress to created by Congress to

help someone in need (freedmen) help someone in need (freedmen) ********only lasted a few years until it went bankruptonly lasted a few years until it went bankrupt

Grandfather Clause: Grandfather Clause: exempts a group of people exempts a group of people from obeying the black codes. They needed to from obeying the black codes. They needed to meet certain criteriameet certain criteria

Segregation: Segregation: forced separationforced separation

Jim Crow Laws: Jim Crow Laws: required segregation of public required segregation of public servicesservices

Concepts to ReviewConcepts to Review Articles of Confederation: established Articles of Confederation: established

to help colonies govern themselvesto help colonies govern themselves

It failed because: It failed because: states held too much powerstates held too much power There wasThere was NO NO central governmentcentral government

Louisiana Purchase important because:Louisiana Purchase important because:Gave America a port for exporting and Gave America a port for exporting and

importing goodsimporting goods

Concepts to ReviewConcepts to Review Mercantilism denied colonists Mercantilism denied colonists representation of their ownrepresentation of their own

Where were most colonies established?Where were most colonies established? A) A) near the coastlinesnear the coastlines B) B) in the eastern part of the united Statesin the eastern part of the united States

Mayflower Compact: Mayflower Compact: settlers of the settlers of the colonies agreed to obey all of their colonies agreed to obey all of their government lawsgovernment laws

Concepts to ReviewConcepts to Review Alexander Hamilton established the Alexander Hamilton established the

National Bank because:National Bank because:1)1) Wanted to separate businessesWanted to separate businesses

2) Wanted the government to take active role in in the 2) Wanted the government to take active role in in the economyeconomy

3) Government would take on debts from the states3) Government would take on debts from the states

4) Collect taxes on imported goods to gain money in the 4) Collect taxes on imported goods to gain money in the federal governmentfederal government

5) Tax on Whiskey to gain money in the federal government5) Tax on Whiskey to gain money in the federal government

Concepts to ReviewConcepts to Review Treaty of Paris in 1783 dealt with:Treaty of Paris in 1783 dealt with:

1) Ended the Revolutionary War1) Ended the Revolutionary War

2) Set border of U.S. and Canada2) Set border of U.S. and Canada

3) Mississippi River boundary between U.S. and 3) Mississippi River boundary between U.S. and Spanish territorySpanish territory

Concepts to ReviewConcepts to Review Compromises of Constitutional Convention:Compromises of Constitutional Convention:

1) elected George Washington as President1) elected George Washington as President

2) bicameral established for representation purposes2) bicameral established for representation purposes

3) gave government the right to tax goods and services3) gave government the right to tax goods and services

4) Three-fifths compromise4) Three-fifths compromise

Concepts to ReviewConcepts to Review Reconstruction Amendments were Reconstruction Amendments were

amended to amended to give rights to blacks.give rights to blacks.

The JungleThe Jungle by Upton Sinclair was by Upton Sinclair was written to expose businesses forwritten to expose businesses for

unlawful business practicesunlawful business practices. .

For example:For example: how the meat packing how the meat packing industry packaged their meat. industry packaged their meat.

Economic DevelopmentsEconomic Developments NORTHNORTH

1) 70% manufacturing1) 70% manufacturing

2) city development2) city development

3) experienced 3) experienced European Revolution European Revolution aftermathaftermath

SOUTHSOUTH1) Depended on North 1) Depended on North

for manufactured for manufactured goodsgoods

2) Farming2) Farming

3) Slavery3) Slavery

Concepts to ReviewConcepts to Review Whiskey Rebellion was: Whiskey Rebellion was: tax on whiskeytax on whiskey

2 Political Parties are:2 Political Parties are: 1) 1) RepublicanRepublican 2) 2) DemocratDemocrat

**** part of the unwritten Constitution********* part of the unwritten Constitution*****

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson’’s s spoil systemspoil system establishedestablished::Elected officials gave government jobs to friends Elected officials gave government jobs to friends

and supporters.and supporters.

Bill Of RightsBill Of RightsBill Of RightsBill Of Rights

Supreme Court CasesSupreme Court CasesFor For

ReviewReview

Schenck VS. United Schenck VS. United StatesStates

Clear and present dangerClear and present danger

McCulloch VS. MarylandMcCulloch VS. Maryland Established the superiority of the Established the superiority of the

federal governmentfederal government

New Jersey VS. TLONew Jersey VS. TLO Reasonable suspicionReasonable suspicion

Mapp VS. OhioMapp VS. Ohio Evidence that is obtain with out a Evidence that is obtain with out a

search warrant can not be used in search warrant can not be used in courtcourt

Plessy VS. FergusonPlessy VS. Ferguson Legalized Legalized ““separate but equalseparate but equal””

New York Times VS. United New York Times VS. United StatesStates

Freedom of pressFreedom of press

Brown VS. Board of Brown VS. Board of EducationEducation

Overturned PlessyOverturned Plessy Made segregation illegalMade segregation illegal

United Sates VS. NixonUnited Sates VS. Nixon Presidents power is not above the Presidents power is not above the

lawlaw

Engle VS. VitalEngle VS. Vital Prayer in school is unconstitutionalPrayer in school is unconstitutional

Roe VS. WadeRoe VS. Wade Right to privacyRight to privacy

Made abortion legalMade abortion legal

Marbury VS. MadisonMarbury VS. Madison Established Judicial ReviewEstablished Judicial Review

Gideon VS. WainrightGideon VS. Wainright Right to an attorney ( lawyer)Right to an attorney ( lawyer)

Gibbons VS. OgdenGibbons VS. Ogden

Federal government can regulate Federal government can regulate interstate tradeinterstate trade

Tinker VS. DesMoinesTinker VS. DesMoines

Symbolic speechSymbolic speech

Korematsu VS. United Korematsu VS. United StatesStates

Civil liberties can be suspended Civil liberties can be suspended during wartimeduring wartime

Miranda VS. ArizonaMiranda VS. Arizona

Right to know your rights before Right to know your rights before questioningquestioning