Vocabulary
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Transcript of Vocabulary
Vocabulary
• ATOM-the smallest unit that maintains the characteristics of an element
– Nucleus- The center of the atom, contains protons and neutrons
– Electron Cloud –Region surrounding the nucleus containing the electrons
The Atom
The Atom
NucleusProtons
Neutrons
The NucleusProton-A positively charged sub-atomic particle
(+). Atomic Mass=1 amuThe number of protons is the same as the atomic
number
Li3
7 The atomic massThe atomic mass
The Atomic Symbol
The Nucleus
Neutrons –A sub-atomic particle in the nucleus--Has a mass equal to 1 atomic mass unit
--Neutron do not have a charge (0)To calculate the number of neutrons in an element…
Li3
7
The atomic number
The atomic massThe atomic mass
The atomic mass- The atomic number The number of neutrons
Li3
7
The atomic number
The atomic massThe atomic mass
7 (Atomic Mass)- 3 protons(Atomic #) 4 neutrons
WRITING RESPONSE
How many protons does Mg have?
How many neutrons does Mg Have?
WRITING RESPONSE
How many protons does Mg have?12
How many neutrons does Mg Have? 12
The Atom
The Electron Cloud
• Electrons-• The number of electrons equals the number of protons• Sub-atomic particle with a negative charge (-)• Electrons behave as if in a 3-D orbit
• Valence Electrons– The outer most electrons– Valence electrons are responsible for bonding
WRITING RESPONSE
How many protons?
How many neutrons?
How many electrons?
WRITING RESPONSE
How many protons? 3
How many neutrons? 4
How many electrons? 3
Bohr Model• The first shell can have
2 electrons• The second shell can
have 8 electrons
Shells and the Electron Cloud
Let’s look at a few elements…
Hydrogen 1= Proton 1= electron
Let’s look at a few elements…
Helium 2=protons 2=neutrons2=electrons
Let’s look at a few elements…
Lithium 3=protons 4=neutrons3=electrons
Let’s look at a few elements…
Fluorine9=protons 10=neutrons
9=electrons
Let’s look at a few elements…
Argon18=protons 22=neutrons
18=electrons
ISOTOPES
Atoms that have the same # of protons but have neutrons that have been added, resulting in a different atomic mass.
IONSCharged particles that occur when an atom gains or loses an electron during chemical bonding.
• If the atom gains an electron- Negative charge• Ex: Cl-
• Most non-metals form negative Ions
• If the atom loses an electron- Positive Charge• Ex: Na+
• Most metals form Positive Ions
Losing an Electron = Positive ion Na+ has 11 protons but only 10 electrons
Gaining an Electron = Negative ion Cl- has 17 protons but has 18 electrons
What would the charge be on an atom that lost an electron? Gained two electrons?
Which shows a negative ion? Explain
Which shows a neutral atom? Explain
Which shows a positive atom? Explain
A
B
C