Gargoyles Noun DecorationsEx: What was most noticeable about the cathedral was the gargoyles on top of the roof.

Grief Noun Intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)Ex: Her death was a great grief to John

Sanity Noun Normal or sound powers of mindEx: This experience often causes people to question their sanity.

Ponder Verb Reflect deeply on a subject; think overEx: Many mourners ponder their reason for living

Pathology Noun The branch of medical science that studies the causes and nature and effects of diseasesAny deviation from a healthy or normal conditionEx: When do they cross the line to pathology

Consensus Noun Agreement in the judgment or opinion reached by a group as a wholeEx: The lack of consensus reflected differences in theoretical positions

Pining A feeling of deep longingHave a desire for something or someone who is not presentEx: I am pining for my loverEx2: Powerful pining for the deceased

Bereaved Noun A person who has suffered the death of someone they lovedEx: bereaved person

Abnormal Not normalEx: abnormal grief

Intrude Enter uninvitedEx: Pining and intrusive thoughts about the deceased

Yearning Noun Prolonged unfulfilled desire or needEx: An intense daily yearning

Spate + Of A large number or amount or extentEx: A spate of studies

Nub Noun A small pieceContentious Adj Involving or likely to cause controversy

Ex: A central and contentious element of the bookInsomnia An inability to sleep; Sleep disorderBout A period of illness

Ex: A bout of clinical depression; a bout of feverBacklash BackfireVitriolic Harsh or corrosive in tone

Ex: vitriolic debatesAccentuate To stress, single out as important

Ex: Accentuate the positiveDetrimental (sometimes followed by ‘to’) Causing harm or injury

Ex: Optimism can be detrimental under certain circumstances.

Rosy Reflecting optimismEx: a rosy future

Fret Worry unnecessarily or excessively,Be agitated or irritatedEx: don’t fret over these small details

Unhinged Affected with madness or insanityEx: It can become unhinged from reality

Attune Adjust or accustom toPollyannaish Pleasantly (even unrealistically) optimistic

Ex: Pollyannaish attitudeComplacency The feeling you have when you are satisfied with yourself.

Ex: His complacency was absolutely disgustingDisguising Make unrecognizable; maskingKvetching Express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

Ex: Especially those for whom worrying and kvetching come naturally as coping mechanisms.

Blithely In a joyous mannerEx: Blithely ignore life’s dangers

Pervasive Spreading or spread throughoutEx: The pervasive assumption

Chipper Having a cheerful, lively, and self-confident airEx: for not being more chipper

Virility ManlinessEx: Improve male virility

Formally With official authorizationVetted Inspected

Ex: Both the newly vetted elements have higher atomic numbers than any element.

Conservative Resistant to changeEx: But IUPAC operates conservatively

Decay The process of gradually becoming inferior; decompositionCulmination A final dramatic stage

Ex: Their achievements stand as a culmination of centuries of development

Intricate ComplexEx: Intricate issues

Ordinal Being or denoting a numerical order in a seriesEx: Ordinal numbers

Acrimonious Marked by strong resentment or cynicismEx: An Acrimonious dispute

Contention A point asserted as part of an argumentEx: A second point of contention

Gobble Eat hastily without proper chewingEx: Companies and individuals gobbled up nearly every Internet protocol address available

Dazzle To cause someone to lose clear vision, especially from intense light

Ex: She was dazzled by the bright headlights.Heuristics A set of rules

Ex: People tend to rely on heuristics in their decision strategies.

Frugal Avoiding wasteEx: Fast and Frugal

Bogged down Get stuck while doing somethingEx: The proposal has become bogged down

Crony A close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities; buddyEx: a crony capitalists

Civil war A war between factions in the same countryEx: American civil war

Factions An exclusive circle of people with common purposeUnderpinning Support from beneath

Support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirmEx: The underpinnings of autism are turning out to be even more varied than the disease’s diverse manifestations.

Mayhem Violent and needless disturbanceAlight To come to rest, settle; come down

Ex: The birds alightedMuse The source of an artist’s inspiration

Ex: Hussain’s MusesProliferation Growth by the rapid multiplication of parts

Ex: The proliferation led to the passage of XYZSquatter Someone who settles on land without right or title

Ex: Cyber squattersSubtle Difficult to detect or grasp by the mind or analyze

Ex: It’s a subtle differenceConduit A passage (a pipe or tunnel) through which water or electric

wires can passEx: The computers were connected through a system of conduits

Presage A sign that something bad is about to happenNirvana Is a place of perfect peace and happiness, like heaven

Ex: It’s a digital nirvanaShaft A column of light

The shaft of sunlight was striking almost level into my eyes.Scourge Noun

(Pro: skurj)Something causing misery or deathEx: Scourge that still affects many societies in Europe

Guile Shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception; cunningEx: Acting like you have a job on Wall Street when you’re actually unemployed would take a lot of guile.

Cloying Noun Overly sweetEnormity The quality of being outrageous

Luxuriant Produced or growing in extreme abundanceRabid Of or infected with rabies;

Marked by excessive enthusiasm for and intense devotion to a cause or ideaEx: A rabid cricket fan

Reproach Disgrace or shameEx: It would be a reproach to her for ever

Somnambulist Noun Someone who walks about in their sleepRuse A deceptive maneuverManeuver A military training courseEccentric Adj Conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual

A person with an unusual or odd personalityDebauch Di’boch A wild gathering involving excessive drinking and promiscuityPorous Adj Allowing passage in and out; Full of pores or holes

Ex: Defenses at large organizations prove porous and attackers elude detection

Thwart Hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) ofEx: I do this to thwart information harvesting

Sophisticated Ahead in development; advancedEx: Sophisticated attack

Exploit Verb Use or manipulate to one’s advantageEx: He exploit the new taxation system

Denigrated Cause to seem less serious; play downEx: Women who cry tend to be denigrated, whereas men who cry are not.

Fright Fear; An emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or dangerEx: Researchers get a rare glimpse at life without fright

Daunting Discouraging through fear; cause to lose courageEx: While complex argumentation may sound daunting at first …

Incarceration Noun The state of being imprisonedResort Have recourse to; fall backStark Sheer, utter, downright, or complete

Ex: Stark physical changesGamut A complete extent or range; scope

Ex: A face that expressed a gamut of emotionsAwry Turned or twisted toward one side;

Not functioning properlyLurk Wait in hiding to attack

Ex: Cheap Internet cafes lurk around the corner on most blocks

Plop Drop with the sound of something falling into waterEx: All of the subjects were then plopped into an MRI machine

Inhibition ProhibitionEx: Reduced inhibition

Prune CultivateTone Change to a color image

Ex: Then we start pruning and toning areas to work more effectively

Labyrinthine MazyEx: Years memorizing a labyrinthine system of 25,000 streets

Murky Dark or gloomyEx: The changes in both white and gray matter indicate are murky

Tandem One behind the anotherQuandary Kwo(‘)nd(u)ree Dilemma

Ex: It’s the source of a long standing cosmological quandaryTango Dance

Ex: They didn’t identify a leader of this cosmic tangoEpoch EraAdjudicate Bring to an end; settle conclusively

Ex: A lot more data is needed before we can adjudicate between two models

Surrogate Providing or receiving nurture or parental care though not related by blood or legal tiesEx: Surrogate father

Innards Internal organs collectively (especially those in the abdominal cavity)

Metabolism The organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life

Quintessential Representing the perfect example of a class or qualityEx: Ravi is the quintessential model of the extreme version of

Genome Jeenowm A full set of chromosomesDivulged DisclosedImperil Verb Pose a threat to, Endanger, threaten

Ex: It is spreading across the Pacific in sufficient quantities to imperil the lives of children.

Specious Speeshus Plausible but falseEx: Specious statistical scaremongering

Scaremongering Spreading (often false) alarm and stirring up troublePathogenic Able to cause disease

Ex: Pathogenic bacteriaBenign Bi’nIn Not dangerous to health

Ex: But the fungi are not entirely benignDwell Inhabit or live in

Ex: This kind of fish dwells near the bottom of the Ocean.Naught Not Complete failure

Ex: All my efforts led to naughtChoke Breathe with great difficulty

Ex: But sometimes all that studying is for naught when a test or a big performance rolls around and you choke.

Harp Verb, Come back to

haarp Ex: She is always harping on the same old thingsRugged Ru’gid Sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring

Ex: We want our devices rugged but also inexpensive.Turkey An event that fails badly or is totally ineffectual

Ex: The first experiment was a real turkey.Folklore Fowk’lor Traditional Knowledge; an unwritten lore of a culture

Ex: A common bit of parenting folklore holds that babiesPutative Pyootutiv Purported; Commonly put forth or accepted as true on

inconclusive groundsEx: putative father

Cuckold Ku’kuld Be sexually unfaithful to one’s partner in marriage; Betrayed; cheated

Puddle Pu’dl A small body of standing water (rainwater)Ex: There were puddles of muddy water in the road after the rain

Beseech Bi’seech Ask or request earnestlyEarnestly Urnistlee In a serious manner

Ex: Talking earnestly with his sonHeed Pay close attention to

Ex: Pay heed to Ravi’s every wordLumber Move heavily or clumsily

Ex: The heavy man lumbered across the roomRamification Ramufu’keyshun A development that complicates a situation

Ex: The court’s decision had many unforeseen ramifications.Rupture Ru’pchur Separate or cause to separate abruptly

Ex: The rupture in the Democratic PartyUntangle Un’taanggul Release from entanglement of difficulty

Ex: Trying to untangle the country fromDismay Dis’mey The feeling of despair in the face of obstaclesGospel go’spul Unquestionable truth

Ex: His word was gospelIncarnation Avatar

Ex: These words have 2 incarnationsAscendancy U’sendunsee The state that exists when one person or group has power

over anotherKnit Tie or link togetherFling Throw with force or recklessnessSling Hang loosely or freelySting A kind of pain; something as sudden and painful as being

stungSediments Matter that has been deposited by some natural processPrecipitation The quantity of water falling to earth at a specific place

within a specified period of time; downfallPrudent Prood(u)nt Careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

Ex: A prudent managerHistoriography The writing of historyTriage The process of sorting victims, as of battle or disaster, to

determine medical priority in order to increase the number of survivors

Sporadically Spu’radik(u)lee PeriodicallyEx: He only works sporadically

Dissemination The property of being diffused or dispersedDeer Ticks Noun Some speciesRecreational Engaged in as a pastime

Ex: Recreational golfersCommensurate Corresponding in size or degree or extent

Ex: Pay should be commensurate with the time workedEthics Motivation based on ideas of right and wrongExemplifies Be characteristic of, RepresentsImposing Impressive in appearance

Ex: An imposing ResidenceGrime Anything regarded as making something unclean

Ex: See his face covered in grimeExemplify Clarify by giving an example of

Ex: The passage makes a general observation to be exemplified.

Terrestrial Of or relating to or inhabiting the land as opposed to the sea or air.Ex: Terrestrial snakes

Durable Existing for a long timeEx: Ravi’s approach has proved more durable than his actual findings.

Egalitarian i’gali’tehreeun Favoring social equality; a person who belongs in the equality of all peopleEx: Had the most egalitarian relation with men.

Foreshadowed Indicate by signsEusocial Animal Behavior;

Of or pertaining to a form of insect society, as that of ants, characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young.

Altruism The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of othersOvulate Produce and discharge eggs

Ex: Women ovulate about once every monthCarcass Kaarkus The dead body of an animal especially one slaughtered and

dressed for foodEx: A high rate of carcass theft due to relatively high predator densities.

Trivial Small and of little importanceEx: The fluctuations are often temporary and trivial

Snout Informal term for the noseEx: anteater’s snout

Impinge Advance beyond usual limitEx: History may impinge on unexpected ways on public events.

Carny A travelling showEx: You are just a carny

Buttress A support usually of stone or brickEx: To buttress their case

Mounds A collection of objects laid on top of each otherEx: Schools leaving it as radioactive mounds in the corners of school playgrounds.

Prefect Preefekt A chief officer or chief magistrate; administratorEx: The prefect of Paris police

Prefecture The district administered by a prefectMiniature A copy that reproduces a person or thing in greatly reduced

sizeEx: Mice implanted with a miniature human livers

Fossils Fo(‘)sul The remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil

Cretaceous End of age of reptilesEx: The more we sample the upper cretaceous the more we are finding that

Hauling Noun The activity of transporting good by truckEx: Haul stones from the quarry in a truck

Symbiotic Living together but not necessarily in a relation beneficial to each.(In telugu): sahajeevi

Endodermic The inner germ layerEx: The algae present in the coral’s endodermic tissues(In Telugu) Lopali pora

Tissue Part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function.

Secrete Generate and separate from cells or bodily fluidsPhotosynthesis Chemical ReactionTentacles (in telugu) Aaadrusya HasthamDeluge An overwhelming number or amount

Ex: The current deluge of genomic dataKnow-how The (technical) knowledge and skill required to do something

Ex: Technical know-how to cope with the current deluge of genomic data.

Churn Stir (cream) vigorously in order to make butterEx: Churn out

Scour Skaw(u)r Examine minutelyEx: The police scoured the country for the fugitive.

Massacre Kill a large number of people indiscriminately

Scowl Skawl A facial expression of dislike or displeasureWrought Rot Shaped

Ex: The wrought silver braceletContagious Easily diffused or spread as from one person to another

Ex: Enthusiasm is contagiousPreaching An address of a religious natureChoked Chowkt Stopped up; clogged up

Ex: Streets choked with trafficEx: She almost choked on her apple.

Grapple Come to terms withEx: Grappling for parking spaces with other people

Errand A short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or missionEx: People who ignore errands until the weekend.

Anecdote Short account of an incident (especially biographical one)Pun A humorous play on words

Ex: I do it for the pun of itInnate Being talented through inherited qualities

Ex: an innate talentElucidate Make clear and (more) comprehensibleManslaughter Homicide without malice aforethoughtAforethought Planned in advanceMalice Feeling a need to see others sufferSnooze Sleeping for short period of time (usually not in bed)Doze off Change from a walking to a sleeping state.Paltry Not worth considering, Contemptibly small in amount

Ex: A paltry wageResentment A feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-willUbiquitous Being present everywhere at once

Ex: The ubiquitous presence of potatoes on the dinning tablePervaded Spread or diffuse through

Ex: Loneliness pervaded the city.Picturesque Suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

Ex: a picturesque villageAppalled U’pold Struck with fear, dread, or consternationPrudent Careful and sensible; marked by sound judgement

Ex: A prudent ManagerBacklash An adverse reaction to some political or social occurrence.Pummel Strike, usually with the fistDrawl A slow speech pattern with prolonged vowels

Ex: Trademark southern drawlDwelling Housing that someone is living in

Ex: Income from any dwelling or house built on the agricultural land

Vagary An unexpected and inexplicable change in somethingEx: The vagaries of the weather

Befall/Befell Happen, occurEx: These things befell

Encroachment Entry to another’s property without right or permissionEx: Illegal encroachment

Stereotyped Lacking spontaneity or originality or individuality

Ex: stereotyped phrases of condolenceApposition A grammatical relation between a word and a noun phrase

that followsEx: Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer’ is an example of apposition

Thy Pronoun Your; belonging to youEx: For thy servant Ravi’s sake

Archaic Adjective So extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier periodInsidious Adjective Working or spreading in a hidden and usually injurious way

Ex: most insidious of human tragediesProdigious Adjective So great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe

Ex: at a prodigious rateSenility Noun Mental infirmity as a consequence of old age; Conceit, Vanity Noun

Kun’seetFeelings of excessive pride

Modesty Noun Freedom from vanity or conceitSolitude Noun The state of social isolationAmorous Adjective Expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance

Ex: Did I tell you about my latest amorous conquest?Obnoxious Adjective Causing disapproval or protestAd nauseam Adverb To a sickening extent

Ex: He played the song ad nauseamWhisked Verb Move somewhere quickly

Ex: His black Mercedes whisked us away from the crowded road.

Rumble Verb Make a low noiseEx: My stomach rumbled for food

Retch Verb Make an unsuccessful effort to vomit;Ex: He retched

Temple Noun The flat area on either side of the foreheadEx: The veins in his temple throbbed

Throb Verb Pulsate or pound with abnormal forceEx: My head is throbbing. Her heart was throbbing

Bing Verb Overheat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneselfEx: Here the director had binged on alcohol, not student

Scowl Verb Frown with displeasureEx: “If I eat only a bit, she will get to know”, I scowled

Electrode Noun A conductor used to make electrical contact with some part of a circuit.

Weed Noun Any plant that crowds out cultivated plantsContend Verb Maintain or assert

Ex: He contended that Communism had no futurePersecuted Verb Cause to sufferPropagate Verb TransmitFortified Verb/Adjective Having something added to increase the strength

Ex: Fortified wineInducement A positive motivational influence

Provenance Where something originated or was nurtured in its early existence; birthplace

Reconciled Made compatible or consistentExemplified IllustratedTerrestrial Of this earth

Ex: Terrestrial environmentCardiovascular Of or pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vesselsConfront Oppose, as in hostility or a competition

Ex: The problem confronting terrestrial snakesAssertion A declaration that is made emphatically; statementAdaptation A written work that has been recast in a new form;

adjustmentEx: The play is an adaptation of a short novel

Sow Verb Place (seeds) in or on the ground for future growthEx: She sowed sunflower seeds

Plow Verb To break and turn over earth especially with a ploughEx: Rye sown in the fall and plowed into the soil in early spring leaves a residue that is highly effective

Residue Noun Remainder; Matter that remains after something has been removed

Herbicides Noun Weed killerExoplanet Noun A planet orbiting a star other than the sunTug Verb Pull Hard

Ex: The prisoner tugged at the chainsCalibration Noun The act of checking or adjusting the accuracy of a measuring

instrument; standardizationEx: Now a group of researchers has developed a calibration technique to make radial-velocity searches more sensitive to …

Mores Noun The conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group

Hover Verb Be undecided about something; waver between conflicting positions or courses of actionEx: A peculiar odor seems to hover in the air nearby

Stale Adj Lacking freshness, palatability, or showing deterioration from age

Musty Adj Covered with or smelling of mould; Stale and unclean smelling

Acrid Adj Strong and sharpMothball Verb Put into long-term storage

Ex: A stale, musty odor tinged with something as acrid as mothballs

Aroma Noun Any property detected by the olfactory systemA distinctive odour that is pleasant

Linger Verb Remain present although waning or gradually dyingLatent Adj Potentially existing but not presently evident or realized

Ex: Latent talent

Sebaceous Adj Containing an unusual amount of grease or oilPuberty Noun The time of life when sex glands become functionalExude Verb Release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities

Ex: Exude sweat through the poresEmanate Verb Proceed or issue forth, as from a source

Ex: Water emanates from this hole in the groundMusk Noun Scent; SecretionStigma Noun A symbol of disgrace or infamy

Ex: may largely be a social stigmaNexus Noun The means of connection between things linked in series

Ex: Nexus of two competing elements