VOCAB #1 PGS. 4-15 GEOGRAPHY The study of the physical features of the Earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries. GLOBE A scale model of the Earth; since the Earth is round, a globe presents the most accurate depiction of geographic information (such as area, distance, and direction.) MAP A printed, symbolic representation of all or part of the planet; unlike globes, maps can show areas in great detail. CARTOGRAPHER Mapmakers; they use mathematical formulas to transfer information from a three- dimensional globe to a 2- dimensional map. MAP PROJECTION Projecting the round Earth onto a flat surface; this is how cartographers make maps. GRID SYSTEM Lines crossing one another to form a pattern; for example, the lines on a globe or map create a grid system. HEMISPHERE One of the halves into which the Earth is divided; you could have a Northern and Southern Hemisphere or a Western and Eastern Hemisphere. LATITUDE Also known as parallels, these are lines that circle the Earth and run parallel to the Equator; they can be either north or south of the Equator. EQUATOR The primary line of latitude; it is measured as 0 degrees latitude. LONGITUDE Also known as meridians, these lines circle the Earth from Pole to Pole; they can either be east or west of the Prime Meridian. PRIME MERIDIAN This is the primary line of longitude; it is measured as 0 degrees longitude. KEY (MAP) This lists and explains the symbols, colors, and lines used on a map; also known as a legend. SCALE BAR This shows the relationship between map measurements and actual distances on the Earth COMPASS ROSE This indicates direction on a map CARDINAL DIRECTIONS The 4 primary directions: north, south, east, and west INTERMEDIATE DIRECTIONS The 4 directions between the cardinal directions: northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest