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CPD DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENTOF CANINE HYPERLIPIDAEMIA

NEWSLETTER OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN VETERINARY ASSOCIATION

NUUSBRIEF VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE VETERINRE VERENIGINGVET February

2014

Februarie

NUUS

NEWS

Bovine Abortion Investigation Microbiology

Ocular Lesions in the Equine Caused byLarvae of Gedoelstia hassleri

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vetnews

ARTICLESNews from the Marketing and Communication Director 11

Nominasies vir SAVA Toekennings 12

Wildlife Group Congress 2014 13

Rhino Workshop 2014 26

CVC News 16

CONTENTS

CREDO

We, the members of the Association, resolve at all times: To honour our profession and its Code of Ethics To maintain and uphold high professional and scientic standards

To use our professional knowledge, skills and resources to protect and promote the health and

welfare of animals and humans

To further the status and image of the veterinarian and to foster and enrich veterinary science

To promote the interests of our Association and fellowship amongst its members.

Ons, die lede van die Vereniging, onderneem om te alle tye:

Ons professie in ere te hou en sy Etiese Gedragskode na te kom

'n Ho professionele en wetenskaplike peil te handhaaf en te onderhou

Ons professionele kennis, vaardigheid en hulpbronne aan te wend ter beskerming en bevordering

van die gesondheid en welsyn van dier en mens

Die status en beeld van die veearts te bevorder en die veeartsenykunde te verryk

Die belang van ons Vereniging en die genootskap tussen sy lede te bevorder.

REGULARSFrom the President 4

Snippets 6

Diagnostic Imaging Column: Q 7

Behaviour Quiz: Q 7

Medicine Column Question 7

Eye Column 8

Behaviour Quiz: A 10

Cyto-Lab 14

Diagnostic Imaging Column: A 16

Medicine Column Answer 17

Petcam Page 18

Pathsnap: Bovine Abortion Investigation

Microbiology 20

Classifieds 21

Dates to Remember 26

Product Profiles 27

DESIGN

Carla Ras

Vetlink Publications

012 346 1590

DISPLAY ADVERTISEMENTS

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adverts@sava.co.za

012 346 1590

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VETNEWS COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSON

Christelle Fourie

marketing@sava.co.za

VetNuus is 'n vertroulike publikasie vir

lede van die SAVV en mag nie sonder

spesifieke geskrewe toestemming vooraf

in die openbaar aangehaal word nie. Die

tydskrif word aan lede verskaf met die

verstandhouding dat ng die redaksie

ng die SAVV of sy ampsdraers enige

regsaanspreeklikheid aanvaar ten opsigte van

enige stelling, feit, advertensie of aanbeveling

in hierdie tydskrif vervat.

VetNews is a confidential publication for the

members of the SAVA and may not be quoted

in public or otherwise without prior specific

written permission to do so. This magazine

is sent to members with the understanding

that neither the editorial board nor the

SAVA or its office bearers accept any liability

whatsoever with regard to any statement,

fact, advertisement or recommendation made

in this magazine.

VetNews is published by the South African

Veterinary Association

Street address: 47 Gemsbok Avenue,

Monument Park, Pretoria, 0181, South Africa

Postal address: PO Box 25033,Monument Park, Pretoria, 0105, South Africa

Tel: +12 346-1150/1

Fax: +12 346-2929

Web: www.sava.co.za

Change of address: Please notify the SAVA by

email: debbie@sava.co.za or letter: SAVA, PO

Box 25033, Monument Park, Pretoria, 0105,

South Africa.

President: president@sava.co.za

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cvc@sava.co.za

SAVETCON: petrie@savetcon.co.za

18

8

Cover Photo: Istock

20

14

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PRESIDENT

From the Info

Genadedood

n 12-Jarige dogtertjie vertel graag dat sy n veearts wil word. Maar sy

wil daardie soort veearts word wat nooit ooit n dier moet uitsit nie. My

hart breek vir haar, want wil ons nie maar almal daardie soort veearts

wees nie?

Genadedood is n eenvoudige, maklike en etiese konsep as die dier voor

jou verteer is deur kanker, of as sy lewe aan n draad hang na n kar hom

omgery het. Dan verlig ons goed geregverdig, daardie dier se pyn en

lyding deur n genadige en sagte dood.

Aansienlik moeiliker en bitterlik swaar is die jarelange klint, vriend, wat

by die deur instap vir die genadigde dood van n troeteldier wat ons

albei al soveel jare ken. Hoe hanteer jy hierdie huilende vriend wat pas

sy beste vriend verloor het? Hoe troos jy n bejaarde wat sy/haar laaste

hond kom uitsit of, nog swaarder, wat n afgestorwe eggenoot se hondmoet bring? Hoe verduidelik jy te midde van seer, dat daar n ander

genadedood was, n opoffering, waar Christus juis gekom het om hierdie

vertroosting en bystand te kom bied?

Tog is daar ook n derde toneel, die een waaraan ek n hekel het en

waarskynlik die rede hoekom my huis soos die plaaslike dieretuin lyk.

Jammer dokter. Ons verhuis, ons diere makeer absoluut niks nie, maar

ons kan nie vir hulle nuwe eienaars soek nie. Of die groot aantal mense

wat dink n baba-diertjie is tog te "cute", maar nooit die volgroeide dier

wil h nie. Ek kan nie. Dit is nie n genadedood nie en defnitief nie die

rede hoekom ek n veearts is nie.

So wat nou? Hierdie is die eerste platform waar ek u, die veeartsfamilie,

wil aanmoedig om as een stem te begin praat. Ons moet n eenheid

wees, ook in leierskap, om werklik n verskil en impak te kan maak.

Genadedood: As dit wel n genadigde dood is, gun dit. As dit so swaar,

maar onvermydelik is, staan by! Troos. Verstaan. En as jy so gelei

word, blaas n nuwe asem in daardie huis in en help hul om n klein lyfie

te kry wat rondhardloop, tone kou en ure op hul skoot sal slaap. En

dan, as dit nie meer genadedood is nie, maak n ander plan en speel

n opvoedkundige rol. Kollegas, pas jouself op! Staan op vir jouself endoen prakties iets aan hierdie moeilike situasie wat na amper 35 jaar in

praktyk steeds vir my ongelooflik moeilik is.

As ons werklik ons visie vir hierdie jaar wil uitleef, moet ons uit een

Euthanasia

I know a 12-year-old who repeatedly tells of her dream to be a vet

Yet she will be the kind who will never have to practise euthanasia. My

heart breaks for her. Dont we all want to be that' kind of vet?

In Afrikaans euthanasia is called Genadedood. So I think, for the

purpose of this preamble, I will continue to rather call it Merciful Death

than Euthanasia. So a Merciful Death seems to be a simple, easier and

ethical concept if the animal in front of you is torn apart by a motor

vehicle or consumed by cancer. Then we can justify easing the pain

through the mercy of a soft and painless death.

Way more difficult, and so very hard, is the situation where a client,

a life-long friend, walks through the door for the Merciful Death of a

dear pet we have both known for years. How do you handle this crying

friend who just lost his best friend? How do you comfort the elderlywho came to give their last pet, a graceful death out of pain and age?

Or even harder, if they bring the pet of a spouse who already went

"home"? How do we, in the heat of such pain, explain that there has

been another, even greater, MERCIFUL DEATH, a sacrifice where Christ

came to ease and comfort in exactly these hard situations?

Yet, there is a third scene. One I despise and also probably the reason

why my house looks like the local zoo. Sorry doc, we are relocating,

our animals are healthy but we failed in looking for new owners. Or

the large number of people who just love them so much when they

are cute little puppies, but they dont want the adult dog. I cant. Thisis not what Euthanasia is about and it is definitely not why I became a

veterinary surgeon.

What now? This is the first of many platforms where I would like to

challenge you, the veterinary family, to start speaking with one voice.

We need to be a strong unity, also in leadership, to really be able to

make a difference and an impact. Euthanasia: If it is merciful, grant

it. If it is hard, but unavoidable, support. Comfort. Understand. And if

your heart urges you, allow opportunity to assist them to blow some

new life into their home and help them get a small new pup that will

run around, nibble toes and sleep endlessly on their laps. And then, ifeuthanasia is not a merciful death anymore, make another plan and

play an educational role. Colleagues, take care of yourselves! Stand up

for what is right and do something practical in these difficult situations

that remain so tough, even after about 35 years in practice!

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vetnews

The SAVA stress management hotline is there to assist

members who are experiencing personal problems by

offering access to professional counselling/advice.

The hotline can assist with referrals or simply offer much

needed emotional support when anxiety, depression,

anger, grief, loneliness and fear are at their highest.

The following SAVA members are available on the

SAVA stress management hotline. If required, they

will refer you to professionals.

OFTEN, THE MERE TELLING OFYOUR STORY IS BOTH HEALING

AND MOTIVATING

SAVA STRESS MANAGEMENT HOT LINE

Prof Ken PetteyCell: 082 882 7356Email address:ken.pettey@up.ac.za

Dr Stuart VarrieCell: 083 650 3651Email address:stuartvarrie@gmail.com

Dr Joseph van HeerdenCell: 083 305 6474Email address:doretha@global.co.za

Dr Henk BassonCell: 082 820 4810Email address:hjbasson1@gmail.com

Dr Willem SchultheissCell: 082 323 7019Email address:willem.schultheiss@ceva.com

mond begin praat. Ek doen n daadwerklike beroep op u om saam

met ons te staan. As u twyfel wat daardie een mond sou s, kontak my

asseblief dadelik.

Maar Suid-Afrika moet begin sien ons voel dieselfde: oor genadedood,

oor renosters, oor die misbruik van skedule-5 of -7 middels, oor na-ure

werk, oor goeie maniere en etiek, en die meeste van alles, oor die welsyn

van mens, dier en veearts.

Groete

Hen Bsson

If we truly want to live our vision for this year, we should send out

the same message. This is a serious call on every one of you to stand

together. And if you are in a situation where you doubt what this one

message should convey, please contact me immediately.

But South Africa needs to see that we all feel and act the same: about

euthanasia, rhinos, the abuse of schedule 5 or 7 medication, after-hours

work, good manners and ethics, and most of all, about the wellness of

man, animal and veterinarian.

Regards

Hen Bsson

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ppets

sniIntroducing DIAG Import and Export

We are proud to announce the new name

in the Veterinary DIAGnostics and surgical

instruments industry.

DIAG Import & Export CC has acquired the

Diagnostics and Instruments business of

Instavet Import & Export (Pty) Ltd, effective of

1st December 2013.

The members of DIAG Import & Export CC are Elke Anderson, Hannes

Croucamp (managing) and Sven Mahieu.

Our team of representatives, Jenna-Lee van Zijl, Sharon Gradidge and

Jurie Nel, have joined DIAG as well.

The backup team of Yolanda Welman (orders and client liaison), Suzan

Qhesi (orders), Rob Huberland (service), Jaison Dube (Purchasing) as well

as Abel Senthumule and Malusi Ndimande are ready to be of service to

you, our esteemed client.

The members of DIAG Import & Export CC are Elke Anderson, Hannes

Croucamp (managing) and Sven Mahieu.

DIAG Import & Export CC will honour the warranties / guarantees

of equipment supplied and will carry on with the servicing of the

equipment.

The world-class agencies HESKA DIAGNOSTICS, MEGACOR FASTEST,

KRUUSE, KERBL, B BRAUN and others will continue to support the new

DIAG Import & Export CC venture.

We trust that we may rely on your continuous support and assure you of

our best service at all times.

Die professor met die 1953 groen VW kewertjie,

wat saam met hom van Duitsland gekom het,

van die Departement Sotegnologie was baie

gou 'n bekende gesig op Onderstepoort. Toe hy

in 1963 prof Bisschop as hoof van die department

opgevolg het, was baie aspekte van die vak, wat

voorheen in verskillende departemente gedoseer is,

saamgevoeg in Sotegnologie. Hy het baie gou besef dat baie studente

stedelinge is met geen begrip van plaasdiere en boerdery nie en het

talle instellings in plek gestel om die problem te oorkom, waarvan

baie vandag nog in gebruik is. So was daar vakansiewerk op plase,

partusobservasies op departementele diere, roskam van perde, die

perdryklub, die melkprakties, waar elke student 7 dae, soggens en saans,

moes melk, skryf van rasseseminare en dierehantering.

Beoordeling op skoue van verskeie spesies is gerel, asook ekskursies na

groot boerderye sodat studente hulle algemene kennis kon verbreed.

Baie gou is 'n groter gemaklikheid met plaasdiere ondervind en begrip

vir verskillende boerderystelsels ervaar en het hierdie pogings in die

doel geslaag. Prof Osterhoff se werk in Swede was navorsing in genetika

van bloedtipering en hy moes 'n bloedgroeplaboratorium begin. Na

die voorbereiding en standardisering van die vereiste reagense het

sy laboratorium 'n diens gelewer aan beesboere insluitend identiteit,

vaderskapbepaling en steriliteitdiagnose in tweelinge. Die laboratorium

is in1968 na Irene verskuif maar hy het toe reeds 'n sitogenetiese

laboratorium vir die studie van chromosome ontwikkel asook 'n

Voedingslaboratorium in 1989. Die perdebloedgroeplaboratorium

het onder sy leiding ook in 1982 begin met 'n groot kontrak met dieJockey Club om jaarliks vaderskaptoetse op 2000 renperde te doen.

Voorbereiding en standardisering van reagense was weereens vir perde

gedoen en het die laboratorium 'n belangrike funksie verrig.

1Baie publikasies het uit sy pen verskyn en hy het altesaam 17

toekennings in Suid-Afrika sowel as Duitsland ontvang, onder andere,

UP (Tuks Alumni Laureatus 2001), die Havenga Prys van die Suid-

Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns (1969), die M.T. Steyn

Medalje (1996) en die Bundesverdienstkreuz van Duitsland (1996).

Hy het in 1990 afgetree maar nog gereeld Fakulteitsdae bygewoon enintens belang gestel in die doen en late op Onderstepoort. Hy was ses

tale magtig en het altyd intens belang gestel in enige navorsing wat

gedoen was en sy volle ondersteuning daaraan gegee. Hy het sy leuse:

om 'n verskil te maak werklik uitgeleef. Enette van Dyk

1

In Memoriam: Prof Diedrich (Dieter) Richard Osterhoff14 Maart 1925 - 08 Januarie 2014

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vetnews

Behaviour QuizYour local SPCA has asked you to assess the welfare of livestock kept on

a smallholding. On your arrival you find cattle and sheep, the majority

of animals are severely emaciated, the area in which they are standing is

muddy with no sign of natural grazing, completely overcrowded.

There is no sign of potable water or food for the animals. Several animals

are limping and some have visible injuries.

QUESTIONS1. What is understood as welfare?

2. What are the benefits of using behaviour to assess welfare?

3. What are the five freedoms referred to in welfare?

4. One of the methods to assess welfare is to use preference tests. What is this test and what are potential pitfalls of this test?

P.O. Box 15137

Jatniel, 1509

Tel: 011 963 3535

behavivet@mweb.co.za

BehaviVet Consultancy

Dr Frdrique Hurly, BVSc, MPhil, MANZCVS (Veterinary behaviour)

Question

The picture on the right is of a 4-year-old Chihuahua dog that presented with severe lethargy

and neck pain. There was no history of trauma and the dog was ostensibly healthy the day

before.

a. What is the most likely diagnosis?

b. How would you confirm the diagnosis?

c. What are the treatment options?

MEDICINECOLUMNMEDICINECOLUMN

Prof Johan Schoeman BVSc, MMedVet, PhD, DSAM, DECVIM,

Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies,

Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, johan.schoeman@up.ac.za Q

See answer on page 17

Column sponsored by:

www.msd-animal-health.co.za

See answer on page 10

Diagnostic Imaging ColumnDr Ulrike Kafka Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria

QUESTION

A 6-year-old miniature pony presented with a history of chronic left-hind lameness.

As part of the diagnostic work-up the following lateromedial view of the left tarsus was taken.

Describe the radiological abnormalities.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Tel: +27(0) 11 608 3150 -Fax: +27(0) 11 608 3243

See answer on page 16

-for all your diagnostic imaging needs-

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Ocular Lesions in the Equine Caused by Larvae of Gedoelstia hassleri

Introduction

First-stage larvae of

this fly species are

commonly deposited

in the conjunctival

sac of hartebeest

and wildebeest.

They migrate to the

nasal cavity via blood

vessels, meninges and

subdural spaces in

these natural hosts without causing clinical illness. Aberrant infection

occurs in domestic animals (unnatural hosts) causing severe ocular

and neural disease. This disease is also known as ophthalmomyiasis,

uitpeuloog and gedoelstial myiasis.

Equine Ophthalmyiasis

Affected horses present with acute-onset intense ocular pain orblepharospasm,

lacrimation, severe

chemosis and periorbital

oedema. These animals

are often head-shy

because of the intense

pain. These symptoms

often occur as an outbreak

with numerous animals

affected simultaneously

and are generally in closeproximity to wildlife

such as blesbok and

wildebeest. Numerous

small white flecks (larvae)

may be visible on the

cornea with an intense

superficial fluorescein

stain uptake.

Life cycle

Gedoelstiaspp. deposit

first-stage larvae on the

eyes of their preferred hosts

and these migrate via the cardiovascular system or dura of the cranial

cavity to the paranasal sinuses. Despite the continuous presence of

the parasites in their preferred hosts, there appear to be no obvious

detrimental clinical manifestations, which points to a unique parasite-

host relationship.

Domestic animals are aberrant hosts. Larvae have never been found in

their nasal cavities and it is assumed that the larvae are either unable

to follow the normal route leading to the sinuses or that there is some

preventative reaction in the host. Three main forms of the disease

caused by Gedoelstialarvae have been recognised in domestic animals,

including the ophthalmic form which is a specific oculovascular myiasis

called bulging eye disease or uitpeuloog. This ranges from a mild

inflammation to a very severe exophthalmia with protrusion of the

eyeball. The encephalitic form results in a variety of nervous symptoms

depending on the damage caused by migrating larvae. The cardiac

form can result in death due to heart failure.

These outbreaks of ophthalmomyiasis are of emerging significance as

the distribution of wildebeest and blesbok has increased dramaticallyin the areas were the horses are stabled. Owners of smallholdings

increasingly keep wildlife, which seem to adapt well to a semi-urban

environment. This may well result in seasonal early summer outbreaks

of gedoelstial myiasis in domesticated animals. The route of entry for

the larvae is ocular, and they use their mouth hooks and body spines

as well as pulsatile body movements. Their ultimate goal is to reach

the subdural space and then the nasal cavity. A number of alternative

routes have been documented and these may result in severe

pathology.

Treatment

Affected eyes are treated with a cypermethrin spray that has proved

to be effective in killing the larvae on the cornea and conjunctiva. This

treatment does not cause any further damage to the cornea and is a

safe and effective means of managing the problem.

Topical broad-spectrum

antiobiotic drops are also

required for treating the

fluorescein-positive lesions, which

are often very painful. Topicalatropine is indicated as well as a

short course of oral or systemic

anti-inflammatories.

Lo-An Odayar BVSc MMedVet (Ophthal) JHB/Cape Animal Eye Hospital info@animal eyehospital.co.za

Fig 1: Miniature donkeys left eye showing severe

lacrimation, blepharospasm and periocular swelling

Fig 2 (top) and Fig 3 (bottom): Superficial corneal

ulcerations in a horse staining positive with

fluorescein stain

Fig 4 : First-stage Gedoelstia larva with

prominent curved hook mouth parts

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Customised veterinary medicines to

effectively address your patients requirements

Service Centre: 0860 109 779

or pharmacist@v-tech.co.zaISO 9001:2008

Accredited

South African Veterinary Association

Or si t rvidmry t cr t

f atagcie, trmng t t & r om n l.

SAVA CVC Banking details

ABSA Bank, Branch: Brooklyn

Branch Code: 632005

Account Number: 4056779023

Tel: (012) 346 1150cvc@sava.co.za

www.communityvet.co.za

Friday, 28 February 2014

19:00 Dinner (Tables reserved at

Restaurant, no formal programme)

Saturday, 1 March 201407:00 Registration

08:00 Welcome (Nico Hendrikz,

Branch Chairman and Henk

Basson, President SAVA)

08:15 Presentation on Veterinary

Dispensing: Can certain

medication only be dispensed

by a person with a licence. Prof

Vinnie Naidoo - CPD Accredited

09:05 Proposed changes to outdated

rules, including minimum

standards and the manner in

which vets may practise: Mrs

Dinamarie Stoltz (SAVC Director

Legal) CPD Accredited

10:00 Tea

10:45 Lecture to be confirmed:

Wildlife/Large Animal Topic

11:45 Foal 101 for 911: Dr Rissa Parker

(Sponsored by MSD)12:45 Lunch

13:30 Colic 101 for 911: Dr Rissa Parker

(Sponsored by Boehringer

Ingelheim)

14:30 The Complete Colic Management

Plan Sponsored Presentation by

Boehringer Ingelheim

14:45 Diagnosis and management of

immune-mediated haemolytic

anaemia: Dr Remo Lobetti

15:45 Tea

16:15 Diagnosis and management

of the coughing dog: Dr Remo

Lobetti

17:00 AGM

18:00 DInner

For more information visit www.vetlink.co.za

Stonehenge, Parys

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P.O. Box 15137

Jatniel, 1509

Tel: 011 963 3535

behavivet@mweb.co.za

BehaviVet Consultancy

Dr Frdrique Hurly, BVSc, MPhil, MANZCVS(Veterinary behaviour)See Question on page 7

Behaviour Quiz

1. Welfare describes an animals mental and physical wellbeing

or quality of life. It includes the animals ability to cope with

its environment. Welfare is sometimes used to describe the

conditions in which animals live and how they are cared for,

whereas wellbeing is used only to describe the resulting state

in the animal.

2. Using behaviour to assess welfare is a non-invasive and non-

intrusive method to assess the welfare of animals. The animal's

behaviour is the result of the animals own decision making

process. Behaviour is the expression of emotion and it may

become an early warning system.

Behavioural approaches to the assessment of animal welfare

include not only the traditional approaches to measuring

behaviour to quantify specific behaviours and determine the

ethogram or time budget of individuals, but also assessments of

the variety and complexity of behaviours shown.

There are two schools of thought on welfare. The one is the

biological functioning school where welfare has to do with

an animals physical health and wellbeing, the absence of the

physiological stress response, where the animal should be able

to cope with its environment and be able to satisfy its biological

needs (life sustaining, health sustaining and comfort sustaining).

The second thought is the feelings school where good welfare

indicates the absence of strong, negative, subjective and

emotional states as well as the absence of pain, fear, frustration,

deprivation and boredom.

When assessing animal welfare anthropomorphism or

anthropocentrism should be avoided in the assessment process.

The welfare and potential needs of an animal should be

considered on the basis of the ecology and behaviour of eachspecies and not on what we, as humans, believe is important.

3. The basis for the five freedoms was first documented in the

Brambell Report in 1965, but was not formalized as such until

later. The five freedoms are:

Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition: animal needs

ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health

and vigour

Freedom from physical and thermal discomfort: by the

provision of an appropriate environment including shelter

and a comfortable resting area

Freedom from pain, injury and disease: by prevention or

rapid diagnosis and treatment

Freedom to express most patterns of normal behaviour: by

providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of

the animals own kind

Freedom from fear and distress: by ensuring conditions and

treatments that avoid mental suffering

4. In a preference test the animal is allowed to choose between

certain aspects (options) of its environment or food. It is assumed

that the animal will choose according to how it feels. There are

some problems with the preference test, namely:

The animal's preference may be affected by previous

experiences

It only gives you relative information

There may be conflict between the animals short term and

long term welfare/fitness, the test only gives information on

current feelings of the animal (may choose something really

nice tasting although it may not be good for the animal in

the long term)

The animal's preference may vary with time of day, age and

experience

The animal can be fooled (by adding non-nutritive

substances)

The test sometimes confuses familiarity with preference

The preference test should be followed up with some measure

of preference strength. In these tests one finds out how hard the

animal will work to get to its preferred choice or what price the

animal is prepared to pay to gain access to its preferred choice.

ANSWERS

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vetnews

Marketing NewsFrom: Marketing and Communication Director

Christelle Fourie

New Year Special:

R380 (including VAT)

Naamplaatjies vir praktykpersoneel is steeds beskikbaar by die SAVV. Koste per plaatjie met die SAVV logo, in Afrikaans of Engels, is slegs R70 elk,

BTW uitgesluit. Bestellings kan geplaas word by assistant@sava.co.za of besoek die SAVV winkel (www.sava.co.za).

SAVA Naamplaatjies

A day in the life ofa South African

Veterinarian

The coffee table book of the

SAVA was launched at the

World Vet Congress in October

2011.

SPECIAL NEW YEAR Price:

Only R380.00 each including VAT. This price includes VAT, but excludes postage and packaging,

which will be calculated on an individual basis.

Books ordered will be posted as soon as we receive proof of

payment.

This commemorative book will

be an appealing item on any

coffee table and will make a

beautiful gift to friends, family

and colleagues.

5/22/2018 VN February 2014

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12 2 0 1 4February

vetnuus

NOMINASIES WORD INGEWAG VIR SAVV TOEKENNINGS EN ERELIDMAATSKAP VIR 2014

1. GOUE MEDALJE VAN DIE SAVV

Word toegeken aan enige persoon wat in Suid-Afrika woonagtig is of

aan n veearts wat nie in Suid-Afrika woonagtig is nie, maar n lid van die

SAVV is, ter erkenning van uitsonderlike wetenskaplike prestasie en n

betekenisvolle bydrae tot die ontwikkeling van die veeartsenykunde.

Die medalje word eenmalig aan n persoon toegeken.

2. PRESIDENT SE TOEKENNING

Word toegeken aan enige veearts wat by die SAVR geregistreer

is, ter erkenning van uitsonderlike diens aan en bevordering van

veeartsenykunde in Suid-Afrika. Die medalje word eenmalig aan n

persoon toegeken.

3. BOSWELL TOEKENNING

Word toegeken aan enige lid van die SAVV vir uitmuntende diens

gelewer aan die veeartsenykundige beroep deur die SAVV. Die

toekenning word eenmalig aan n bepaalde persoon gemaak. Die

toekenning kan in n bepaalde jaar aan meer as een persoon gemaak

word.

4. KLINIESE TOEKENNING VAN DIE SAVV

Word toegeken aan enige veearts of groep veeartse wat lid van

die SAVV is, by die SAVR geregistreer is en wat hom / haar / hulle

onderskei het in toegepaste veterinre praktyk. Ontvangers van hierdie

toekenning sal vir vyf jaar nie weer vir nominasie kwalifiseer nie.

5. NAVORSINGSTOEKENNING VAN DIE SAVV

Word toegeken aan enige lid of groep lede van die SAVV, vir die beste

onlangse wetenskaplike publikasie of reeks publikasies in enige

wetenskaplike tydskrif. Ontvangers van hierdie toekenning kan weer

vir nuwe oorspronklike navorsing benoem word. n Lid mag ook self n

voorlegging maak vir oorweging vir die navorsingstoekenning.

6. JONG VEEARTS VAN DIE JAAR TOEKENNING

Word toegeken aan n veearts wat n lid van die SAVV is geregistreer

is by die SAVR, jonger as 35 jaar is of wat vir nie langer as 10 jaar

geregistreer is nie, en wat n betekenisvolle bydrae tot veeartsenykunde

in sy / haar werksveld gemaak het.

7. SOGA MEDALJEWord toegeken ter erkenning van besondere gemeenskapsdiens deur

n veearts wat lid is van die SAVV en geregistreer is by die SAVR of n

veeartsenykunde student wat ingeskryf is by n Suid-Afrikaanse fakulteit

veeartsenykunde. Enige tipe gemeenskapsdiens en nie noodwendig

net veeartsenykundige diens nie, gelewer aan enige gemeenskap, kan

vir hierdie toekenning oorweeg word.

8. OORKONDE VAN DIE SAVV

Die SAVV mag n oorkonde opdra aan een of meer individue,

insluitende nie-veeartse, ter erkenning van spesifieke prestasies en /

of noemenswaardige bydraes tot die veeartsenykundige professieof die SAVV. Regverdiging vir so n oorkonde moet deur ten minste

drie lede van die Federale Raad ondersteun word en moet aan die

Toekenningskomitee voorgel word.

Nominasies moet behoorlik gerugsteun word deur:

Voorleggings moet asseblief op die nominasievorm gemaak word

wat by die SAVV kantoor beskikbaar is.

n Volledige, goedvoorbereide en gedetailleerde motivering in

terme van die spesifieke toekenning se voorwaardes. Die impak

van die genomineerde se werk moet duidelik gemotiveer

word. Swak voorbereide of onvolledige voorleggings het minder

kans tot sukses as goed voorbereide en gedetailleerde motiverings.

n Volledige curriculum vitae van die genomineerde, insluitende n

lys van publikasie(s) waar van toepassing.

Afskrift(e) van die relevante publikasie(s) in die geval van die

Navorsingstoekenning.

Alle nominasies moet deur n SAVV lid sowel as deur ten minste een

lid van die Federale Raad geteken en gesekondeer word.

Let asseblief daarop dat:

Enige lid van die SAVV mag nominasies voorl. Individue word

aangeraai om hul nominasies via n tak of n groep te kanaliseer.

Onsuksesvolle nominasies van n vorige jaar mag met die diskresie

van die Toekenningskomitee vir oorweging oorstaan tot n

volgende jaar.

Waar die voorsteller en sekondant hulle toestemming aandui, mag

toekenningskategorie deur die Toekenningskomitee verander

word.

Lede van die Toekenningskomitee word toegelaat om kandidate

voor te stel of te sekondeer mits hulle tydens die bespreking van

kandidate die vergadering verlaat.

Die onus rus op lede om die nominasies voor die sluitingsdatum in te

dien. Versuim om aan bogenoemde te voldoen sal diskwalifisering van

die nominasie tot gevolg h. Nominasies vir die volgende afdelings van

erelidmaatskap word ook ingewag:

1. Ere-Lewenspresident

Kan toegeken word aan enige lid van die SAVV ter erkenning van

uitstaande diens aan die veterinre beroep. Nominasies moet deur ten

minste drie lede van die Federale Raad ondersteun word.

2. Ere-Lewens Vise-President

Kan toegeken word aan enige lid van die SAVV ter erkenning van

uitstaande diens aan die veterinre beroep deur die SAVV. Nominasiesmoet deur ten minste drie lede van die Federale Raad ondersteun word.

3. Erelid van die Vereniging

Kan toegeken word aan n persoon wat nie n veearts is nie ter erkenning

van uitstaande diens aan die veeartsenykunde. Nominasies moet

deur ten minste drie lede van die Federale Raad ondersteun word.Alle

nominasies moet deur die Toekenningskomitee aan die Federale Raad

voorgel word, wat dit na bevestiging deur die Federale Raad aan die

Algemene Jaarvergadering sal voorl vir bekragtiging.

Alle nominasies, in elektroniese formaat, gemerk vir die aandagvan Dr Quixi Sonntag, Voorsitter van die Toekenningskomitee, moet

die SAVV kantoor bereik teen Vrydag 4 April 2014. Nominasievorms

is beskikbaar by Vethuis. Kontak Elize Nicholas: elize@sava.co.za of

Tel: 012-346 1150

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vetnewsStone Cradle, Pretoria

7-8 March 2014

FRIDAY, 7 MARCH 201408h15 Welcome and overview; SAVA Credo - Dr Peter Brothers08h30 SAVA President - Dr Henk Basson08h50 Introduction to our Gold Sponsor for 2014 - V-Tech

Representative09h05 Emerging environmental health issues - Dr Roy Bengis09h45 Epidemiology in practice - Dr Louis van Schalkwyk10h25 Tea & Visit Commercial Exhibition11h10 Epidemiology of Corridor Disease (buffalo associated

outbreaks) - Prof Abdalla Latiff11h50 Diversity of Theileria species infecting buffaloes and their

diagnosis - Prof Mans12h30 SAVC Presentation - SAVC Representative12h45 Lunch & Visit Commercial Exhibition14h15 Farming grass - Dr Willem Schultheiss14h55 To be finalised

15h35 Tea & Visit Commercial Exhibition16h20 Aardvark studies:new insights on the anaesthesia and

ecophysiology of Africas enigmatic anteater -Dr Leith Meyer

17h00 Close of academic program for the day17h00 AGM Related/WG Discussions (Wildlife group members only)18h00 Formalities end

SATURDAY, 8 MARCH 201407h30 Tea/Coffee Registration & Visit Commercial Exhibition08h00 Managing hoofstock in captivity - Dr Angela Bruns08h40 Ungulate hoof anatomy, clinical conditions & treatments

Dr Tony Shakespeare09h20 Practical Parasitology for the Wildlife Practitioner Dr Dave

Midgley10h00 Tea and Visit Commercial Exhibition10h30 Ethical considerations in wildlife research - Sr Erika Vercuil11h10 Short Presentation 111h35 Short Presentation 212h00 Short Presentation 312h25 Short Presentation 412h50 Lunch & Visit Commercial Exhibition14h05 Pregnancy diagnosis of wildlife by ultrasound -

Dr David Gerber

14h45 The role of assisted reproductive technologies in research &conservation - Ilse Luther

15h25 Close of Congress academic program15h30 Tea & Exhibitors16h00 AGM Wildlife

17h00 Informal drinks available at cashbar

More information available on the website:

www.vets4wildlife.co.za

or https://www.regonline.co.uk/wildlifegroupcongress2014

Golden Sponsor

of the Wildlife

Group of the

SAVA

COMPLEMENTARY VETERINARY MEDICINEGROUP OF THE SAVA

Introductory Course in Veterinary Acupuncture will be held in the Durban area from Friday 13th to Monday

16th June 2014. Cost: approx. R15, 000.00. This 4-day course will act as an introduction to veterinary acupuncture and

will incorporate the scientific basis as to how acupuncture works, how to assess the patient and choose appropriate

points and a very practical approach to pain management. There will be practical sessions which will enable participants to experience

hands-on examination of animals, needling techniques and choice of treatment protocols. This can revolutionise the management

of long-standing painful conditions. Dr Barbara Fougere is an experienced teacher and will ensure that you are able to return to your

practices, get started and make a difference straight away.

Dr Barbara FougereBSc, BVMS (Hons), BHSc (Comp Med), MHSc (Herb Med),

CVA, CVBM, CVCP, GD Bus Mgt, MOrg D&T, CMAVA MNHAA

Dr Barbara Fougere is a 1986 graduate from Murdoch

University Veterinary School Western Australia.

She practises in Sydney, Australia, exclusively in veterinary integrative medicine

and also teaches for CIVT.

Amongst the many positions and qualifications she has attained are a Bachelors

degree in Complementary Medicine as well as a Masters in the field of

education and training. She also holds qualifications in veterinary acupuncture,

herbal medicine and other therapies and has authored and co-authored several

veterinary texts. She is the current President for IVAS.

Barbara has been teaching for over 20 years and has developed and taught on

three post-graduate government-accredited qualifications Graduate Diplomas

of Veterinary Acupuncture Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine and Western

Veterinary Herbal Medicine for the College of Integrative Veterinary Therapies

The College of Integrative Veterinary

Therapies was established in 2006

by veterinarians Drs Steve Marsden

(Canada) and Barbara Fougere

(Australia) and became a government-accredited RegisteredTraining Organisation in 2010.

It is the worlds first online College teaching Integrative

Veterinary Medicine using leading instructional design and

e-learning technologies. The College offers comprehensive

evidence-based education with a good balance of science

and tradition with an international Faculty and students

from over 40 countries. The College offers accredited post-

graduate qualifications and also short courses in various

integrative therapies. For more information www.civtedu.org.

This serves as a preliminary notice but to ensure a

place please contact:

Dr Jane Fraser fraserjm@mweb.co.za 031 2614847

Dr Sue Hayes drsehayes@gmail.com 021 5310477

5/22/2018 VN February 2014

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vetnuus

This photo shows a multinucleated osteoclast. These can be seen in any areawhere bone remodeling is taking place but were particularly common in these

submissions. The number of nuclei suggests that these cells are highly active.

Two SuspectedOsteosarcomasby Dr James Hill

Needle aspirate smears were submitted to the laboratory

from two cases of dogs with bone tumours. The first dog had

a large, hard mass on the upper humerus with radiographic

evidence of bony proliferation and lysis. The second dog

had been euthenised during surgery when a massive hock

swelling was found to be bone. Aspirates were collected to

confirm a probable osteosarcoma.

The smears were moderately to markedly cellular with

many individually occurring, highly pleomorphic cells and

occasional islands of densely associated pleomorphic cells

often trapped in an eosinophilic, smooth matrix. Where

these pleomorphic cells occurred in smaller clusters they

showed large eccentrically-positioned nuclei with a roughly

granular to coarse chromatin pattern. Nucleoli were distinct

and mostly singular but occasionally multiple. The cells

had moderate amounts of dark-blue cytoplasm, which

was sometimes vacuolated. Numerous bi-nucleated cells,

occasional multinucleated cells and many mitotic figures

were also observed. In both cases, but particularly in the dog

with the swollen hock, many multinucleated osteoclasts were

seen. Other nucleated cells observed included neutrophils,

lymphocytes and macrophages, but these cells were very

few in number. Since no bacteria were seen and neutrophils

were uncommon, osteomyelitis appeared unlikely. Provisional

diagnoses of osteosarcoma were made.

Bone tumours can be classified as primary bone

tumours, tumours of the bone marrow, tumours that

invade bone or tumours that are metastatic to bone.

The primary bone tumours are more common and

originate from the fibroconnective tissues of the bone and

include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma,

haemangiosarcoma and synovial cell sarcoma. Tumours of

the bone marrow include haemangiosarcoma, liposarcoma,

plasma cell tumour and lymphosarcoma.

The samples from these dogs were moderately cellular and had numerousosteoblasts. These cells showed marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis.

The nuclei were eccentrically positioned and some cells had multiple

nucleoli. Note in this field the multinucleated cell and the marked nuclear

variation between adjacent cells.

Another field where the marked cellular variation is clearly visible. In the

aspirates from both dogs there were occasional large sheets of cells. The edge

of one of these clusters is visible on the right of this field. In these clusters, cell

borders were indistinct and the cells were often associated with an eosinophilic

extracellular matrix.

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High-power magnification of one of the small clusters. Note the marked variation in

nuclear size and shape. Also note the clumping of the chromatin and, in some of the cells,

prominent nucleoli. The nucleus towards the top of the cluster appears to have three

nuclei but may be in the process of cell division.

Another high-power magnification of a cluster of the osteoblasts showing marked

anisokaryosis. This field was included to show the size of the neutrophil in the centre of

the cells relative to the osteoblast nuclei. Neutrophils were uncommon in both of thesesubmissions making osteomyelitis less likely.

Bone tumours are relatively uncommon compared to other canine

tumours but osteosarcoma is by far the most common of this type

of tumour. Osteosarcomas account for roughly 80% of primary bone

tumours, chondrosarcomas 10% and haemangiosarcomas and

fibrosarcomas about 7%. In all these tumours the morphology of the

cells can vary from roundish to more splindoid. Haemangiosarcomas and

fibrosarcomas typically have a greater proportion of spindle-

shaped cells, while osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas

may have a majority of round to oval to splindoid cells. A

background eosinophilic, smooth, proteinaceous matrix

is commonly associated with the malignant cells in

osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and synovial

cell sarcoma.

Ultimately histopathology is required to confirm

osteosarcoma and give more reliable prognostic information,

although 85-90% of cases are likely to have already micro-

metastasised by the time of diagnosis. Histologically,

osteosarcomas consist of malignant mesenchymal cells

that appear enlarged and polygonal to spindoid in shape

which produce an osteoid matrix. This osteoid matrix is a

distinguishing feature of these tumours. Non-osteogenic

bone tumours such as fibrosarcoma and chondrosarcoma

do not produce this matrix. Subclasses of osteosarcomas are

determined based on the characterisation of the cells as well

as the type and amount of matrix present.

Subclasses include osteoblastic, chondroblastic,

fibroblastic, poorly differentiated, and telangiectatic

osteosarcomas; however, there is no evidence of

different biological behaviour between the subclasses.

REFERENCES

Baker R, Lumsden JH. 2000.Colour Atlas of Cytology of the Dog and

Cat. Mosby.

Barger AM. 2010. Musculoskeletal System; in Raskin RE, MeyerDJ (eds) Canine and Feline Cytology: A Colour Atlas and

Interpretation Guide, 2nd ed. Saunders Elsevier, St.Louis.

Cowell RL, Tyler RD. 1993. Diagnostic Cytology of the Dog and Cat,

2nd ed. Mosby.

Registration and Accommodation for WSAVA 2014 will open in March 2013

Abstract Submission Opens: November 1, 2013

Abstract Submission Deadline: February 1, 2014

Early bird registration closes on1 June2014

Liptack JM et al. 2004. Canine Appendicular Osteosarcoma: Diagnosis and

Palliative Treatment. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 26(3): 172-182.

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The SAVA-CVC will be holding a Road Show over a 6-month period, starting

in April 2014 and ending in September 2014.

We will be visiting 10 cities/towns throughout the country: Mbombela,

Polokwane, Durban, Klerksdorp, Upington, Bloemfontein, Port Elizabeth,George, Cape Town and Pretoria. The Road Show will benefit all 80

communities served by the SAVA-CVC.

The campaign is an opportunity to create awareness amongst the public

about the important services veterinarians provide in disadvantaged

communities and to raise much-needed funding to support these services.

The Road Show will not only create awareness and raise funds, but will

also include a fun day for the family and pets with a 5km walk in each

destination city. Other activities will include exhibitions, food and beverage

stalls and entertainment popular to the community visited. To maximize attendance, the Fun Walks will be held on Saturdays.

Veterinarians who would like to be involved with the SAVA-CVC Road Show please contact Michandr Malan on 012 346 1150 or

email fundraiser@cvetc.co.za

CVC NewsImprove your practice image in the public eye,

being seen by your clients activelyparticipating in animal welfare by assisting

the CVC with our Road Show in your town

Michandre Malan

Diagnostic Imaging ColumnDr Ulrike Kafka Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria

ANSWER

There is moderate soft-tissue swelling on the plantar aspect proximal to the calcaneus. There is a

marked irregular mineralised ill-defined (length 5.4 cm, width 1.6 cm) area proximal to the calcaneus

in the region of the gastrocnemius tendon.

DIAGNOSIS:

Chronic tendinopathy of the gastrocnemius tendon with dystrophic mineralisation.

Tel: +27(0) 11 608 3150 -Fax: +27(0) 11 608 3243

See question on page 7

-for all your diagnostic imaging needs-

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Answera. Granulomatous meningoencepalitis (GME). The classical patient

is a middle-aged small-breed dog of either gender. The type of

neurologic signs depends on the area of the nervous system

involved. Seizures, neck pain, drunken gait, walking in circles,

blindness, lethargy leading to obtundation and ultimate coma,

tilted head and other facial nerve abnormalities can be present.

b. Firstly, perform a basic haematology and biochemistry after a full

clinical examination. A CSF tap is helpful in the diagnosis of GME.

Typical cytology would include a majority of mononuclear cells with

smaller numbers of hypersegmented neutrophils. CSF should also

be submitted to rule out 1) distemper; 2) parasitic encephalitis, such

as toxoplasmosis; 3) fungal encephalitis, such as those caused by

Cryptococcus neoformans: and 4) neoplasia. If the diagnosis is still

not apparent after CSF analysis, you should consider diagnostic-

imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, which is

particularly accurate for the diagnosis of GME. The only definitive

diagnostic tool is brain biopsy, however, which is usually not

considered because of its invasive nature.

c. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy. The majority of dogs

can have their steroid treatment reduced or even discontinued over

time. Other drugs such as procarbazine and leflunomide could also

be added if the response to corticosteroids alone is suboptimal.

Localised GME can also be treated with radiotherapy and anti-

seizure medication such as phenobarbitone is necessary in dogs

that seizure. The ophthalmic form is also treated with concomitant

topical corticosteroids and specific glaucoma therapy, should that

develop.

CommentsThere are three types of GME: focal, which is limited to one location

in the nervous system; disseminated or multifocal, involving many

locations in the nervous system; and ophthalmic, commonly involving

the optic nerve and eye. Indeed, the focal type of GME typically has a

slower onset (4-6 months), while

the onset in the disseminated

form is more rapid (2-5 months).

In addition, the disseminatedform can display a larger variety

of clinical signs within the same

patient. The ophthalmic form

most commonly shows up as

sudden, bilateral blindness that

is generally permanent, whereas

the disseminated form has a

particularly poor prognosis.

The term reticulosis is often used in the literature and refers to several

inflammatory infiltrative diseases of the nervous system including

GME. In all cases, the infiltration is associated with blood vessels. Yet,in some cases the infiltration is malignant and in others, such as GME,

the infiltration is benign. There is a fine distinction between benign

and malignant, however, and the literature on this topic is not clearly

defined. Terms such as GME, malignant GME, inflammatory GME, and

reticulosis overlap. Interestingly, one study describes transcranial

Doppler ultrasonography findings in dogs with confirmed clinical

histopathology of GME. Eleven dogs were selected for this study.

Sonographic findings in B-mode demonstrated diffuse decreased brain

parenchyma echogenicity in 9 dogs, ventriculomegaly in 8 dogs, brain

atrophy in 4 dogs, and hyperechoic focal lesions in 6 dogs. Colour

Doppler imaging revealed more obvious vessels of the arterial circle in10 dogs. Spectral Doppler examination was performed in 10 dogs to

detect the 6 major cerebral arteries of interest. The examination showed

normal and high resistive index values in the outlined arteries. The

TDS findings were consistent with pathology found on post-mortem

examination1.

References

Carvalho CF et al. 2012. Transcranial Doppler sonographic findings in

granulomatous meningoencephalitis in small breed dogs. Can Vet J

53:855-9.

MEDICINECOLUMNMEDICINECOLUMN

Prof Johan Schoeman BVSc, MMedVet, PhD, DSAM, DECVIM,Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies,Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, johan.schoeman@up.ac.za A

See question on page 7

Column sponsored by:

www.msd-animal-health.co.za

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PetcamThe Pages

Reprinted with the permission of Veterinary

Medicine, Vol 44, November 2013, pages M1-M4.

Veterinary Medicine is a copyrighted publication of

Advanstar Communications Inc. All rights reserved

By Karl C. Maritato, DVM, DACVS

Tailor Your Bone Fracture

Repair TechniqueImplant failures and union problems arepreventable. Save your patients from having toendure additional health issues and surgeries by

doing it right the first time.

On the surface, fracture repair using bone plates can appear to be

a simple application of a plate and screws to bone fragments. This

common misconception can leave a patient with difficulties andcomplications after surgery if the procedure isnt performed correctly.

Rules of fracture fixation have been developed through several years of

research to maximize the chances of successful repair. Most of the rules

were developed for people; however, they have been adapted for dogs

and cats, which presents unique challenges because treating an animal

is different than treating a person.

Incorrect fracture repair can lead to multiple complications, including

implant failure, malunion, delayed union and nonunion. Patient activity

can also result in severe complications, so it is critical that pet owners

understand that postoperative restrictions are not just suggestions butimperative rules that must be followed.

Implant failure

Implant failure occurs when implants are either inappropriately chosen

or inappropriately applied to a specific patient or fracture type. For

example, an inappropriately chosen implant might be a 2-mm plate

placed on the bone of a 50-pound dog, or it could be a properly chosen

3.5-mm plate for the same 50-pound dog that is not sufficiently long

enough to span the desired bone and does not allow for placement

of the appropriate number of screws, thus not providing sufficient

strength for the construct.

1A 1B

Figures 1A and 1B: Craniocaudal and mediolateral views of a malunion tibial fracture.

Note the bony connection but poor alignment and overriding of the fragments.

Another example is an appropriate sized plate for the patient, but one

that is inappropriate for the type of fracture, e.g. a transverse fracture

versus a comminuted fracture. The forces acting on these two fracture

types are different and have different requirements for appropriate

stabilization.

Mistakes can stem from lack of knowledge and understanding of

fracture biomechanics, the forces acting on bones and the different

processes of bone healing. Any of these mistakes can cause bending

or breakage of the plates, pulling out or breakage of the screws or the

development of union problems.

Union problems

There are three types of union problems commonly seen: malunion,

delayed union and nonunion.

Malunion (Figures 1A and 1B, p. M1) describes a fracture that has healed

but not in the proper anatomic alignment. Malunions can result from

improper alignment at the time of surgery, inappropriate fixation that

leads to displacement of the bone fragments, or fractures that have

healed out of alignment without surgery. They can result in valgus,

varus, procurvatum, recurvatum and torsion of the affected bone.

This can lead to abnormal force transmission along the bone and

the associated joints, which causes abnormal function and possibly

the development of osteoarthritis. Not all malunions are clinically

important, but when they are, they need to be modified by corrective

osteotomy.

Delayed union describes a fracture that takes longer to heal than

expected. This might be due to the presence of an infection or weak

implants that allow too much motion at the fracture site, which

prevents efficient fracture healing. Another cause of delayed union can

be a too-rigid fixation that overprotects the bone from normal stress.

The term stress protection is used to describe this complication and

can be caused by implants that are too large or by too many screws

being placed both proximal and distal to the fracture site. If this occurs,

gradual strategic destabilization of the construct is generally performed.

Mistakes can stem from lack of understanding of

fracture biomechanics, the forces acting on bonesand the different processes of bone healing. These

mistakes can cause breakage of plates and screwsor union problems.

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Contains:Meloxicam 1.5 mg / ml

Cipla Vet (Pty) Ltd. Reg. No. 2001/017471/07,P.O. Box 1096, Durbanville, 7551. Tel.

0861 115 037, Fax 0861 115 038.E-mail: info@ciplavet.co.za

Website: www.ciplavet.co.za

S3 Reg. No. 05/3.1.2.2/3

Nonunions are divided into viable and nonviable nonunions. A viable

nonunion is a fracture that has not healed but has the biologic abilityto do so if the conditions are improved, such as better stability of the

repair. A nonviable nonunion (Figures 2A and 2B, p. M2) is nonunion

in which the fracture ends have gone dormant and healing will not

commence without intervention, including reopening of the medullary

canals and application of bone grafts.

Fracture biomechanics and repair

The patient shown in Figures 3A and 3B (p. M2) sustained a comminuted

radius/ulna fracture that was repaired prior to referral. Comminuted

fractures are biomechanically unstable. Lets compare that to a

transverse fracture and see how the two differ when approaching repair.A transverse fracture could be repaired with the plate shown in Figures

3A and 3B because there are only two fragments associated with the

fracture, which can be compressed together and secured by the plate.

The bone and the plate are then working together. We call this load

sharing between the plate and the bone since the bone has been

Figures 2A and 2B: Craniocaudal and mediolateral views of a nonunion femur fracture of six months duration. Note the closed ends of the medullary canal with no evidence of activity.

2A 2B

reconstructed.

With a comminuted fracture, rebuilding the integrity of the bonestructure is much more difficult. Because of this, the forces acting

across the plate are not shared by the bone nearly as well as with a

transverse fracture. In this type of repair the plate is used in a buttress

fashion. Therefore, if the implants used are not capable of handling that

increased stress, failure will ensue.

As we can see in Figures 3A and 3B, the comminuted fracture allowed

for more force across the fracture line than the plate-screw-bone

construct could handle, and the screws began to pull out of the

proximal portion of the plate. The subsequent repair used a larger,

longer plate with increased number of screws (Figures 4A and 4B).This allowed for better distribution of the forces acting across this

comminuted fracture, and the plate could better handle those forces.

3A 3B

Figure 3A: Craniocaudal view of a radius/ulna fracture two weeks after the first repair.

Note the misalignment of the fragments from screw loosening.

Figure 3B: A mediolateral view of the radius/ulna fracture two weeks after the first repair.

Note the proximal screws pulling out of the radius.

4A 4B

Figures 4A and 4B: Craniocaudal and mediolateral views of the same radius/ulna fracture immediately after the second repair. Note the

increased length of the plate and the increased number of screws for this sized patient.

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vetnuus

Dr. Rick Last (BVSc; MMedVet(Path) Veterinary Pathologist Vetdiagnostix

- Veterinary Pathology Services, P.O. Box 13624, Cascades, 3202,

South Africa, Tel: +27(0)33-342 5014, Fax: +27(0)33-342 8049,

E-mail:vetdiagnostix@futurenet.co.za, Cell: 082 5584016PATHSNAPBovine Abortion

Investigation Microbiology

Samples collected for microbiological culture should include abomasal fluid, placental cotyledon,

lung and liver. The interface between the endometrial curuncle and placental cotyledon is very

commonly the primary site of infection of many of the infectious agents associated with abortion,

initiating a placentitis. Spread of infection from the placenta through the allantoic membrane intothe allantoic (amniotic/abomasal) fluid occurs in many, but not all cases. Therefore, some cases of

placentitis do not spread to the abomasal fluid and if only abomasal fluid is set up on culture, these

cases can be missed. In light of this information abomasal fluid and placental cotyledon should

routinely be set up on culture.

Some bacterial/fungal infections are capable of passing through the placenta without initiating

a placentitis. For this reason fresh lung and liver should be collected and frozen away. Should

abomasal fluid and placenta return negative results but histopathology suggests sepsis, these organs

can be set up on culture.

Figure 1: Foetus and Placenta acute bacterial placentitis with red blanching of the foetus which are typical gross features

of foetal septicaemia. Note the fibrinous exudates adhered to the cotyledons.

Figure 2: Placenta closer up view of the placenta from

Figure 1 revealing marked cotyledonary congestion

with an adhesive surface fibrinopurulent exudates.

Figure 3: Placenta this is a case of mycotic placentititis. Note the difference in the

gross presentation with thick leathery pseudomembranous necrotic lesions over the

cotyledons and intercotyledonary zones.

Figure 4: Mycotic placentitis is frequently accompanied by foetal cutaneous mycosis

characterised by plaque-like skin lesions peri-orbitally and around the occiput.

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vetnews

ClassifiedsVETERINARIAN/VEEARTS

WEYERS VET CAREERS:

LOOKING FOR A VET/NURSE?

PERMANENT OR LOCUM

POSITIONS FOR VETS AND NURSES

IN SA! PLEASE CONTACT MARIKE

AT 084 744 6020. EMAIL: marike@

vetcareers.co.za www.vetcareers.

co.za

Ref11DC06

Positions available at the Vetcare

Clinic group. The Clinic provides

up-to-date technology and

modalities for precise veterinary

science. Work in a busy practice

with modern facilities and a

large support staff doing a

high standard of veterinary

science and an opportunity for

new graduates to learn under

supervision. Experienced and

new graduates welcome to apply.

Website www.vetcareclinics.co.za

for further info. Send CV to info@

honeydewanimalclinic.co.za or

contact practice manager Brad at

011-795 2034/5.

Ref13AU01

Saudi Arabia. Vet required for a

long-established Western-run SA

clinic in Saudi. For details contact:

Ian McLaren mcvettie@hotmail.

com Ref13NV09

Veterinarian required for mostly

wildlife practice, based in

Kimberley. Be willing to work

long hours and drive long

distances. Experience essential.

Preference given to a candidate

who is registered or eligible

for registration with SAVC. For

further information or to send

CV, proof of qualifications etc. to

emmarambert@gmail.com

Ref13DC07

Veterinary Surgeon required: For

dual centre (Durban/Cape Town)

veterinary practice, with the

potential to travel to our English

and French branches. Racing and

stud management experience

essential. Candidate must have

equine practice experience

to manage referral caseload,

including colics, neonatal

intensive care and experience in

digital imaging essential. Apply to

Baker & McVeigh Equine Hospital

KZN (Pty) Ltd, Fax: 031 769 1077,

E-mail: Miriam@mcveigh.co.za

Ref14FE02

Veearts assistent dringend

benodig vir wildspraktyk

(100% wildwerk) in Rustenburg

vanaf April/Mei 2014. Soek

ideaal n persoon met 1-2 jaar

ondervinding in die wildbedryf

maar nuut gegradueerdes

ook welkom om aansoek te

doen. Moet Afrikaans magtig

wees. E-pos CV na nedupreez@

gmail.com of kontak Nico by

0823229579.

Ref14FE03

Veterinary assistant needed in

mainly small-animal practice

in area close to Port Elizabeth/

Jeffreys Bay. Weekend on / off

rota. Remuneration according

to SAVA guidelines, 1 to 2 years

experience would be great, but

new grads also welcome. Contact

Dr MJ Snyman. 0829014114 or

despatchvet@polka.co.za

Ref14FE04

Loskop Dierekliniek soek

dringend n veearts! Integriteit

en eerbaarheid is egter ons

hoofvereiste! Dit is n gemengde

plattelandse praktyk (kleindiere,

grootdiere en wild), gele in die

Loskopvallei (Groblersdal en

Marble Hall). Ons span bestaan

tans uit twee veeartse, vier

veterinre verpleegsters, twee

admin dames en grondpersoneel.

Salaris volgens SAVV riglyne. Stuur

asb u CV na loskopdierekliniek@

gmail.com of skakel sr. Corn

Steenkamp by 072 5018591 of 013

2611167

Ref14FE05

Potch pet vet: 8 ure per weeksdag

en elke 2de Saterdag en Sondag 8

ure elk. SAVV salaris. Fochville pet

vet: Weeksdae van 14:00 tot 18:00

vir 2 sterilisasies en 5 konsultasies

en elke 2de Saterdag en Sondag

8 ure elk. Konsulteer onafhanklik.

R 30 000.00 pm en gratis verblyf

in n vier slaapkamer huis met

n uitsig vanuit die sitkamer oor

die Losberg. n Kilometer vanaf n

gym, laer- en horskool. Douw van

der Nest 018 771 4554.

GUARANTEEDPARTNERSHIP INLONDONfor experienced full-time vet.

Full-time vet wanted for thriving centralLondon (Zone 2) practice. Competitive salary,

guaranteed partnership after rst year plusbonus, holidays, etc. No out of hours.

Please send your CV and current status to: pahalperin@gmail.comsee our practices at www.petcareclinics.co.uk

5/22/2018 VN February 2014

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vetnuus

Ref14FE06

After Hours vet needed in

first-class 24-hour practice in

Cape Town. Good salary and

friendly rota. Minimum 2 years

experience required. Contact

chrisvdheever1@gmail.com

Ref14FE07

Full-time, compassionate vet

wanted at progressive pro-life

animal welfare in Midrand.

Excellent hours, lovely working

environment. Please contact

0828780858 for more details.

Ref14FE08

Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal

benodig dringend die dienste

van n veearts. Ons is goed

toegerus en doen 80% klein- en

20% grootdierwerk. Kontak ons

asseblief per e-pos by rjtheron@

lantic.net

Ref14FE09

Praktyk in Bloemfontein soek n

veearts om by ons span aan te

sluit. 90% kleindierpraktyk met

potensiaal vir grootdierwerk.

Vennootskap opsie vir die

regte kandidaat. Ernstige

belangstellendes kontak ons asb

via e-pos by optimalvets@gmail.

com of by 0795281079.

Ref14FE10

Veearts assistent benodig vir

gemengde driemanpraktyk

in Oos-Vrystaat. Mooi

omgewing en aangename

werksomstandighede. Assistent

moet kleindierafdeling van

praktyk uitbou en n liefde vir

kleindiere h. Moet ook bereid

wees om produksiedierwerk te

doen.

Langtermynvooruitsigte vir die

regte persoon. Skakel Dr. Thirion/

Nel/Pretorius by 0586230996

Ref14FE15

LOCUM/LOKUM

Locum vet. Small-animal practice.

Gauteng and outlying areas. Call

Hester Fouch on 076

106 6751.

Ref13NV08

Locum services

all over South

Africa. Experienced

locum veterinarian

in multispecies

practices,

comfortable with large, small,

exotic and wildlife animals. Main

experience in small animals and

wildlife. Based in Johannesburg

and Pretoria, willing to travel for

longer-term locum opportunities

including Cape Town area.

Bookings are essential. Excellent

references. Email: robertbruce.

rb@gmail.com with reference

label LOCUM SA NEEDED and

practice name. Mobile: 082 688

9095 Ref13DC13

Cape Peninsula 100% equine

practice needs locum for April.

SAVA rates apply. Call 082 851

2811. Ref14FE01

VETERINARY NURSE/VETERINRE VERPLEEGSTER

Animal Welfare Society looking

for a vet nurse. We are situated

in Sunnydale, Cape Town. Own

transport essential. Please e-mail

your CV to colleen@tears.org.za

or phone 021 785 4482.Ref13SP06

For Sale

Veterinary clinic

for sale just outside

Plett on the Garden

Route.

Small animal/

polo ponies/

wildlife rehab

and opportunity

to develop bovine

work.

If intersted, please

email laura@

cragsvetclinic.co.za

KZN Referrals

72 Hilton Avenue

S2934.371 E03017.969

(033) 343-4602

www.hiltonvethospital.co.za

Dr Martin de Scally

BVSc (Hons) MMedVet (Medicine)

0827845537

martin@hiltonvethospital.co.za

Dr Daniela Steckler

Vet Med (Germany) MSc ACT

Diplomate ( Theriogenology)

0722227217

daniela@hiltonvethospital.co.za

Hilton

Veterinary

HospitalSpecialist Referral Hospital

We offer:

- Full range of orthopaedic procedures incl. TLPO and

THR (total hip replacement)

- Neurosurgery

- Specialist internal medicine referrals

- Specialist veterinarians on call 24 hours a day

- Diagnostic imaging incl. access to CT and MRI - daily:

CR Digital Radiography

Ultrasonography

Echocardiography

Tel: (011) 792 6442/3 (011) 791 6278

Fax: (011) 792 0409

Email: admin@jsvc.co.za

Web: www.jsvc.co.za

63 Kayburne Ave, Randpark Ridge Ext. 8

PO Box 1311, Randpark Ridge, 2156

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vetnews

JOHANNESBURG S.P.C.A. IS

LOOKING FOR A MOTIVATED

VETERINARY NURSE OR ANIMAL-

HEALTH TECHNICIAN TO JOIN OUR

VETERINARY TEAM. SHOULD HAVE

GENUINE INTEREST IN ANIMAL-

WELFARE WORK. DUTIES INVOLVE

PREDOMINANTLY COMPANION

ANIMAL AND A SMALL

PERCENTAGE OF LIVESTOCK.

GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR NEW

GRADUATES TO GAIN EXPERIENCE

WITH OUR VETERINARY TEAM.

KINDLY FORWARD YOUR C.V. &

SAVC REGISTRATION TO DR A.F.

SULEYMAN AT jhbspca@jhbspca

.co.za or vets @jhbspca.co.za.

Ref13SP13

NURSE required: full-time, for a

1-man predominantly small

animal with some wildlife and

domestic animal practice in

the beautiful Elgin Valley, 45

mins east of Cape Town airport.

Responsibilities will include

patient care, stock control, patient

surgical care and anaesthesia (we

do advanced surgeries), welfare

work, client communication and

nurse consultations. Experienced

and new graduates welcome to

apply. Contact Dr Lawrance 021

8593082 or email gjgsimpson@

gmail.com

Ref14JA02

BehaviVetConsultancy

BEHAVIOURPRACTICE

Dr Frdrique Hurly

BVSc, MPhil, MANZCVS

(Veterinary Behaviour)

Consultaons by

appointment

Referrals welcome

68 Elm Road

Vlakfontein, Benoni

Email: behavivet@mweb.co.zaWeb: www.behavivet.co.za

Tel: 011 963 3535

Cell: 083 654 8116

Ethology Academy offers Basicand Advanced courses on dog,cat, horse and bird behaviour,grooming and animal assistedactivities. These courses areideal for veterinary nurses,

receptionists and vetshop staff.Most clients turn to their vet

for advice on behaviour-relatedissues. Answering behaviour

related questions professionallywill beneft the patient, client as

well as the practice.

All courses are:- Certifcate courses- On a tertiary level- Part time- Mostly done by correspondence- Presented from Feb November

For more information contactDr Frdrique HurlyTel:083 654 8116 /

011 963 3535Email: behavivet@mweb.co.za

Web: www.behavivet.co.za

COMPANION ANIMAL

BEHAVIOUR COURSES

-

Fourways Veterinary

Hospital is looking for

two additional nursesto join their team.

Fourways is a busy

and well-equipped

24hr Hospital with an

emphasis on patient

care. New graduates

are welcome to apply.

Please contactAmanda

(011) 705-3411

for details.

Goed gevestigde praktyk

te koop in die pragtige

Country Life dorp

Potchefstroom.

Beskik oor n nuut

opgegradeerde hospitaal

en al die nodige

toerusting.

Gemengde praktyk met

ongeveer 70% kleindiere

en 30% produksiediere,

perde en wild.

Vir meer inligting:Skakel 082 952 1172 of

Epos: potchefstroomdierek-liniek@gmail.com

VETERINARY

ASSISTANT

REQUIRED

ENTHUSIASTIC,

MOTIVATED

VETERINARIAN

REQUIRED FROM THE1ST OF MARCH 2014.

JOIN OUR FRIENDLY

WELL-ESTABLISHED,

SMALL-ANIMAL

PRACTICE IN THE

SOUTHERN SUBURBS OF

CAPE TOWN.

LONG-TERM PROSPECTS

AVAILABLE FOR THE

RIGHT APPLICANT.

2-3 YEARS EXPERIENCE

REQUIRED.

PLEASE EMAIL CV ANDREFERENCES TO

KENVET@TELKOMSA.

NET OR

CONTACT: 083 461 8757

RADIATION ONCOLOGY(Referral Practice)

Dr Georgina Crewe BVSc. MSc. (Wits)

RADIATION Therapy

may be used alone or in

conjunction with surgery and

chemotherapy.

Radiation is particularlyuseful in the treatment of

solar induced squamous cell

carcinoma, cutaneous mast cell

tumours and sarcomas.

Palliative radiation is successful

for most tumours as the tumour

shrinks and the peripheral

nerves are released relieving

the pain caused by the tumour.

For more information or to

discuss a case please contact:

Georgina Crewe

115, 9th Ave Fairland,

Johannesburg 2195

Telephone: 011-678-3121

Cell: 082-492-6247, E-mail:

georgina.crewe@acenet.co.za

183 Second Avenue,

Florentia, Alberton, 1449

P.O. Box 8285, Alberton,

1450

Tel: (011) 869-7258

Fax: (011) 869-8975

Email: albertzvets@

telkomsa.net

We offer the following

services:

Emergency animal care

House calls

Anaesthesia

Surgery

After hour patient monitoring

Boarding

Obstetrics and paediatrics

Exotic species medicine

X rays

Blood chemistry analyses

Microscopy

Diagnostic post mortems

Pet weight management Pet food sales and deliveries

Open Weekdays,Weekends and Public

Holidays

VETERINARYIMAGING PARTNER

Dr Sheryl van StadenBVSc(Hons) MMedVet(Rad) Dip ECVDI

Specialist Veterinary Radiologist

-----------------------------

HIP & ELBOW DYSPLASIACERTIFICATION

Certified scrutineer for

all KUSA/other breed societies

RADIOLOGICAL REPORTING

Clinical cases-----------------------------

TELERADIOLOGY-----------------------------

All information

available on website

www.vetip.co.za

Cell 073 734 1635

Fax 0866 1099 57

E-mail: vip@pop.co.za

PO BOX 3073

RANDGATE 1763

A personalised, efficient and

vet-friendly service

5/22/2018 VN February 2014

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vetnuus

SPECIALIST REFERRAL

HOSPITAL

Open 24 Hours

General and Referral Practice

Emergency and Critical-care Facility.

Overnight Hospitalisation with Veterinary

supervision.

Telephone (011) 706-6023 (All Hours)

6 Ballyclare Drive

Bryanston

email: bvh@global.co.za

web: bryanstonvet.co.za

West Coast, South African practice looking for

a veterinary nurse to join our team. SAVA rates.

Nursing duties. No afterhours. Please contact

079 356 9396 or email CV to vetslah@yahoo.

co.uk

Ref14FE11

PRACTICE/PRAKTYK

TULBAGH VET FOR SALE

Well-known, very busy mixed practice in the

Boland is in the market. Rural practice with

small and large-animal facility, equine theatre

with stables. Digital X-rays and ultrasound

machines. Large and small-animal anaesthetic

machines, in-house lab - HenskeInsta vet

machine. Microvet computer program. Good

turnover and clientele in Tulbagh /Ceres/

Wolseley valleys. Also branch clinic in Ceres

with small and large-animal clients. Email

Dr Triegaardt at sweethome@lando.co.za or

phone 083 463 3204.

Ref13SP08

Vet Practice for sale or lease in southern

suburbs, Cape Town. Would suit graduate

who wishes to start own practice. For further

details please contact via email catzlife22@

gmail.com

Ref14FE12

Praktyk te koop: Plattelandse praktyk te koop

in Limpopodistrik - bestaan reeds 35jaar

[90% kleindiere, 10% grootdiere]; wildwerk

nog onontgin. Rede vir verkoop - aftrede

Kontakbesonderhede: 0833107757

Ref14FE13

FOR SALE/TE KOOP

For Sale: New Vet Anaesthetic Machine with

refurbished TEC4 vaporiser R35,500 or with

NEW MSS3 Forane vaporiser R41,500. We

convert your Mk3 Halothane Vap to Forane.

All servicing and calibrations done by retired

Chief Anaesthetic Technician ex Groote

Schuur Hospital. Call Cassim 0217052880 /

0826819742 email encass@telkomsa.netwww.

TECVET, a sub-division of TECMED

AFRICA, supply surgical, radiological

and rehabilitaon equipment

and informacs as well as technical

services to support all brand lines

commonly used in the

veterinary market.

We have a proud history of 20 years

servicing, supplying and supporng

the medical environment in Southern

Africa and are well posioned to

provide compeve

soluons for all your needs. From

Theatre hand instruments on the

one extreme of the

scale to CT and MRI scanners at the

other.

We oer quality products and

aer sales service

by factory trained personnel. We

have branches naonally to endure

professional coverage

and support to our

Veterinary clients.

Tel: 011 653 2075/00

Fax: 011 653 2100www.tecvet.co.za

www.tecmed.co.za

TECMED, George road, Erand Gardens, Midrand

5/22/2018 VN February 2014

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vetnews

Urgently required, veterinary professionals

for long and short term contracts

Looking for work in the UK?

cvanaesthetics.co.za.

Ref13JA01

1 x Aluminium cassette complete

with 400 speed green screen 30x40:

R1400.00. 1 x Aluminium cassette

complete with 400 speed green screen

18x24: R 700.00. 1 x Safelight complete

P.V.C.: R400.00. 1x ID Marker: R 750.00

Ref14FE14

GENERAL/ALGEMEENRepairs and servicing of all makes of

microscopes on site. Sales of new and

second-hand microscopes. Contact

Ashok at AR Instruments, PO Box 1266,

Lenasia, 1820, phone 011 855 2738 or

fax 086 550 3320 or cell: 083 785 2738,

e-mail: rramlal@absamail.co.za.

Ref97AU04

SPECIALIST

REFERRAL

HOSPITAL

Veterinarians and

surgeons available

on call 24 hours a day

For all surgeries incl.

neurosurgery and

specialist medicine

referrals

63 Kayburne Ave, Randpark

Ridge

Tel: 011 792 6442/3

Email: admin@jsvc.co.za

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vetnuus

Dates to RememberFEBRUARY 2014

SAVA Western Cape Branch, Crayfish Weekend, Tietiesbaai. 14,15,16

February 2014. Contact Lesley.vanhelden@gmail.com.

SAEVA Congress, 16 - 20 February, Skukuza. Info. Madaleen

Schultheiss VETLINK.012 3461590 www.vetlink.co.za, www.regonline.

co.uk/saevacongress2014

Certificate Course on Practical Wildlife Disease Investigation:

Necropsy. 21-23 February 2014. Info: Prof N Kriek nick.kriek@up.ac.za

NVCG course: Aspects of Surgery. 25 & 26 February 2014. Info:

Madaleen Schultheiss, VETLINK, 012 3461590, www.vetlink.co.za

MARCH 2014 Oranje Vaal Tak Kongres, 1 Maart 2014, Stonehenge, Parys. Info.

Madaleen Schultheiss VETLINK.012 3461590 www.vetlink.co.za,

www.regonline.co.uk/oranjevaalcongress2014

Wildlife Group Congress 7-8 March 2014. Info: Madaleen Schultheiss,

VETLINK, 012 3461590, www.vetlink.co.za, www.regonline.co.uk/

wildlifegroupcongress2014

APRIL 2014 16th International Congress on Infectious Diseases, Cape Town, 2-5

April 2014. Info: www.isid.org

MAY 2014 Eastern Cape and Karoo Branch of the SAVA , 9 - 10 May, Port

Elizabeth. Contact Madaleen Schultheiss vetlink@mweb.co.za, www.

regonline.co.uk/easterncape2014

Eastern Free State of the SAVA Branch Congress, 17 May, Clarens. Info:

Madaleen Schultheiss, VETLINK, 012 3461590, www.vetlink.co.za,

www.regonline.co.uk/easternfreestate2014

PLEASE NOTE: CHANGE IN DATE

ABIG , 17 - 18 May, Venue to be confirmed. Contact Madaleen

Schultheiss vetlink@mweb.co.za, www.regonline.co.uk/abig2014

Southern Cape Branch of the SAVA, 23 - 24 May, Heroldsbaai. Info:

Madaleen Schultheiss, VETLINK, 012 3461590, www.vetlink.co.za,

www.regonline.co.uk/southerncapecongress2014

Diseases of Zoo and Wild Animals, 28 - 31 May 2014, Warsaw, Poland.

Info: www.zoovet-conference.org/

JUNE 2014

Livestock Health and Production Group Congress 2014,2-4 June, Skukuza. Info: Madaleen Schultheiss, VETLINK, 012

3461590, www.vetlink.co.za, www.regonline.co.uk/LHPG2014

AUGUST 2014 Free State Congress, 1-2 August, Moyo, Bloemfontein. Contact

Madaleen Schultheiss vetlink@mweb.co.za, https://www.regonline.

co.uk/FreeState2014

Mpumalanga Branch of the SAVA, Saturday 9 August, Dunkeld Estate,

Dullstroom. Info: Madaleen Schultheiss, VETLINK, 012 3461590, www.

vetlink.co.za, https://www.regonline.co.uk/mpumalanga2014 PLEASE

NOTE: CHANGE IN DATE

ICOPA XIII (International Congress on Parasitology), Mexico City, 10-15

August 2014. Info: http://icopa2014.org

TTP8 / STVM (Ticks & Tick-borne Pathogens / Society for Tropical

Veterinary Medicine) joint congress, Cape Town, 25-29 August 2014.

Info: Petrie Vogel, SAVETCON, 012 346 0687; www.savetcon.co.za

SEPTEMBER 2014 Parasites of Wildlife (hosted by PARSA), Skukuza, Kruger National Park,

14-18 September 2014. Info: Petrie Vogel, SAVETCON, 012 346 0687;

www.savetcon.co.za

WSAVA 2014 Pre-congress Day Vets in the wild: a peek behind the

scenes, Cape Town, 15 Sep 2014. Info: www.sava.co.za

39th World Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress, Cape Town,

16-19 Sep 2014. Info: www.sava.co.za

Responsible Use of Antibiotics in Animals (3rd Int. Conf.), Amsterdam,

the Netherlands, 29 Sep - 1 Oct 2014. Info: www.bastiaanse-

communication.com/RUA2014/

07:30 Registration, tea and coffee

08:00 08:15 Welcome

08:15 08:50 Poached rhino as a crime scene, post mortem and

taking of samples (Dr Roy Bengis)

08:50 09:00 Discussion and questions

09:00 09:40 Anatomy of the head of the rhino (Dr Johan Marais)

09:40 09:50 Discussion and questions

09:50 10:20 Rhino anaesthesia (Dr Peter Rogers)

10:20 10:30 Discussion and questions

10:30 11:00 TEA

11:00 11:30 Treatment of injured rhino bullet wounds

(Dr Peter Rogers)

11:30 12:10 Treatment of injured rhino face injuries

(Dr Gerhard Steenkamp)

12:10 12:20 Discussion and questions

12:20 12:50 Dealing with calf survivors (Dr Jana Pretorius)

12:50 13:00 Discussion and questions

13:00 14:00 LUNCH

14:00 14:45 Horn treatment (Dr Lorinda Hern)

14:45 14:55 Discussion and questions

14:55 15:25 Permanent dehorning as an option

(Dr Gerhard Steenkamp)

15:25 15:35 Discussion and questions

15:35 16:25 Veterinary considerations in addition to clinical

responsibilities for poaching-related injuries

(Dr William Fowlds)

RHINO WORKSHOP 6 March 2014Day conference: Stone Cradle, Pretoria

Provisional programme

For more information contact: