VMware vSphere: What's New [V5.5 to V6] – защита и перенос «виртуалок»:...

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Availability Enhancements

Module 8

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VMware vSphere: What’s New

You Are Here

VMware vSphere 6: What’s New

Course Introduction

vSphere 6 New Features

Installation and Upgrade

Compute Enhancements

Management Enhancements

Storage Enhancements

Network Enhancements

Availability Enhancements

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Availability is an important characteristic of virtual systems. Availability is more critical and complex in data center environments. By nature, virtual environments are commonly distributed across multiple hosts and can depend on other auxiliary devices as well.

Enhancements in VMware vSphere® vMotion®, multiprocessor CPU Fault Tolerance support, and the ability to build private cloud structures have increased availability in the VMware software-defined enterprise.

Importance

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Lesson 1: vSphere vMotion Enhancements

Lesson 2: vSphere Fault Tolerance and vSphere HAEnhancements

Lesson 3: Integration with vCloud Air

Module Lessons

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Lesson 1:vSphere vMotion Enhancements

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By the end of this lesson, you should be able to meet the following objectives:

Describe the new TCP/IP stack for vSphere vMotion

Explain the changes that make vSphere vMotion migrations across high-latency networks possible

Discuss the requirements for migrating a virtual machine across VMware vCenter Server™ instances

Learner Objectives

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VMware vSphere® 6 includes these enhancements for vSphere vMotion:

Secondary TCP/IP stack dedicated to vSphere vMotion

Increased latency round-trip time (RTT)

Virtual machine migrations between vCenter Server instances

New Features for vSphere vMotion

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In vSphere 6, each host has a second TCP/IP stack dedicated to vSphere vMotion.

vSphere vMotion TCP/IP Stacks

userworld

VMkernelUser

hostd PING DHCP

vSphere FT Virtual SAN NFS vSphere vMotion

Default TCP IP

• Separate Memory Heap

• ARP Tables

• Routing Table

• Default Gateway

VMKTCP-API

Default TCP IP

• Separate Memory Heap

• ARP Tables

• Routing Table

• Default Gateway

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Long-distance vSphere vMotion migrations span larger networks with higher latency (100 ms).

Use cases for long-distance vSphere vMotion migration:

Permanent migrations

Disaster avoidance

Site Recovery Manager anddisaster avoidance testing

Multisite load balancing

Follow-the-sun scenario support

Increased Round-Trip Time for Long-Distance vSphere vMotion Migration

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vSphere vMotion migrations between vCenter Server instances must connect over layer 3 connections:

Virtual machine network:

• L2 connection

• Same virtual machine IP address available at destination

vSphere vMotion network:

• L3 connection

• Secure (dedicated or encrypted)

• 250 Mbps per vSphere vMotion operation

Networking Requirements for Long-Distance vSphere vMotion Migration

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ESXi

vCenterServer A

Network A

ESXi

vCenterServer B

Network B

In vSphere 6, vSphere vMotion has the capability to migrate virtual machines between linked vCenter Server instances. This migration requires the following:

ESXi hosts and vCenter Server systems must be upgraded to vSphere 6.

vCenter Server instances in Enhanced Linked Mode.

Hosts must be time-synchronized.

Migration Between vCenter Server Instances

vSphere vMotion Network

Enhanced Linked

Mode

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vCenter Server performs several network compatibility checks to prevent the following configuration problems:

MAC address compatibility on the destination host.

vSphere vMotion migration from a distributed switch to a standard switch.

vSphere vMotion migration between distributed switches of different versions.

vSphere vMotion migration to an internal network, for example, a network without a physical NIC.

vSphere vMotion migration to a distributed switch that is not working properly.

Network Checks for Migrations Between vCenter Server Instances

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VMware vSphere® High Availability™ and vSphere® Distributed Resource Scheduler™ rules are preserved during cross-host vCenter Server migrations.

The following settings are preserved:

Affinity rules

Automation level

Startup priority

Host isolation response

Shares

Reservations

Limits

vSphere HA and vSphere DRS Rules

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Use vSphere vMotion to migrate virtual machines across vCenter Server instances

1. (Optional) Prepare the Environment

2. Use vSphere vMotion to Migrate a Virtual Machine

3. Add a VMware Kernel Adapter to the vSphere vMotion Port Group

4. Use vSphere vMotion to Migrate a Virtual Machine

Lab 10: Migrating Virtual Machines Across vCenter Server Instances

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You should be able to meet the following objectives:

Describe the new TCP/IP stack for vSphere vMotion

Explain the changes that make vSphere vMotion migrations across high-latency networks possible

Discuss the requirements for migrating a virtual machine across vCenter Server instances

Review of Learner Objectives

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Lesson 2:vSphere Fault Tolerance and vSphere HA

Enhancements

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Explain how VMware vSphere® Fault Tolerance now supports virtual machines with multiple virtual CPUs (vCPUs)

Describe how vSphere Fault Tolerance maintains the secondary virtual machine in a ready state

Explain the mechanism by which the primary virtual machine is determined

Discuss the improvements made in handling all paths down (ADP) and permanent device lost (PDL) conditions

Describe the increased scalability of vSphere HA

Explain the additional compatibility supported by vSphere HA

Learner Objectives

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vSphere Fault Tolerance provides instantaneous failover and continuous operation:

Zero downtime

Zero data loss

No loss of TCP connections

No dependency

No application-specific management

vSphere Fault Tolerance

ESXi

Primary Virtual Machine Secondary Virtual Machine

Instantaneous Failover

Fast Checkpointing

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vSphere Fault Tolerance Enhancements and Features

Features vSphere 5.x vSphere 6

Number of vCPUs supported 1 Up to 4

Cluster interoperability Homogeneous clusterEnhanced vMotion Compatibility (CPUs, ESXi versions)

Memory virtualization hardware assist No Yes

Hot-enable vSphere Fault Tolerance Sometimes (Generally No) Yes

Thin-provisioned disks No Yes

VMDK redundancy No Yes

vSphere Data Protection Advanced virtual machine backup

No Yes

vSphere Fault Tolerance network 1 Gbps 10 Gbps

Number of virtual machines on a host Configurable, default 4 Configurable, default 4

vSphere DRS Fully supported Partial support

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vSphere HA:

Required for vSphere Fault Tolerance.

Restarts failed virtual machines.

vSphere Fault Tolerance aware.

VMware vSphere DRS:

Chooses the virtual machine’s power on location.

Does not balance fault tolerance virtual machines in a balanced cluster.

Interaction of vSphere HA and vSphere DRS with vSphere Fault Tolerance

ESXi ESXi ESXi

New Primary Virtual

Machine

New Secondary

Virtual Machine

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vSphere Fault Tolerance creates two complete virtual machines, each with their own VMX and VMDK files.

Redundant VMDKs

Primary Secondary.vmx file .vmx file

Datastore 1vmdk file vmdk file vmdk file

Datastore 2vmdk file vmdk file vmdk file

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vSphere Fault Tolerance now supports multiple processors:

The old method involved executing on both hosts.

With the new method, execute the input on the primary virtual machine and send the result to the secondary virtual machine.

vSphere Fault Tolerance Checkpoint

ESXi ESX

vSphere FT

Network

Result XResult X

Input

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During a vSphere vMotion migration, a second virtual machine is created on the destination host:

Memory of the source virtual machine copied to the destination virtual machine.

vSphere vMotion: Precopy

VM A(Network = Production)

vSphere vMotionNetwork

MemoryBitmap

Memory Precopy

VM A(Network =Production)

Virtual Machine End User

ProductionNetwork

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In vSphere vMotion, checkpoint data is the last bit of memory that keeps changing.

Source machine is paused to migrate checkpoint data to the secondary virtual machine.

After checkpoint data is migrated, secondary virtual machine is started.

vSphere vMotion: Memory Checkpoint

VM A(Network = Production)

MemoryBitmap

Checkpoint Data

VM A(network =Production)

Virtual MachineEnd User

VM A(Network =Production)

vSphere vMotionNetwork

ProductionNetwork

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The initial complete virtual machine copy is created and sent using a modified form of vSphere vMotion to the backup host.

vSphere Fault Tolerance takes checkpoints of virtual machines at least every 10 milliseconds with small CPU overhead.

The SMP-FT checkpoint interval is dynamic by default.

vSphere Fault Tolerance Fast Checkpointing

Primary Host Secondary HostvSphere Fault Tolerance

Network

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vSphere Fault Tolerance now has shared files:

shared.vmft prevents the UUID of the primary virtual machine from changing.

.ftgeneration is for split brain.

• Prevents two copies of the virtual machine from being started at the same time

Shared Files

Primary Host Secondary Host

shared.vmft

.ftgeneration

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The shared.vmft file resides on a shared datastore and contains the primary and secondary virtual machines UUIDs and vmx paths.

After failover:1. Update shared.vmft with the correct new primary vmx path.

2. Secondary virtual machine UUID changes to the primary UUID.

3. Old primary virtual machine is restarted as the new secondary virtual machine with the secondary UUID.

shared.vmft file

UUID-1 UUID-2

Ref: UUID-1

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When a virtual machine fails, both hosts try to rename the .ftgeneration file.

Preventing Split Brain

Host Secondary HostHost

.ftgeneration1.ftgeneration2

Initially the primary virtual machine holds the

lock on this file.

After a failure, the file name can be changed by

the secondary virtual machine’s host.

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vSphere 5.x is unable to detect ADP conditions and remediate PDL conditions.

In vSphere 6, vSphere HA includes Virtual Machine Component Protection (VMCP):

VMCP provides enhanced protection from APD and PDL conditions.

Can automatically restart impacted virtual machines on non-impacted hosts.

vSphere HA and VMCP

(Inactive) (Inaccessible)

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vSphere 6 improves the number of hosts and virtual machines that vSphere HA protects.

vSphere HA is compatible with additional technologies:

Virtual Volumes

VMware vSphere® Network I/O Control

IPv6

VMware NSX™

vSphere vMotion migration across vCenter Server systems

vSphere HA Scalability and Compatibility

Features vSphere 5.x vSphere 6

Maximum hosts 32 64

Maximum virtual machines 2,048 6,000

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Explain how vSphere Fault Tolerance now supports virtual machines with multiple virtual CPUs (vCPUs)

Describe how vSphere Fault Tolerance maintains the secondary virtual machine in a ready state

Explain the mechanism by which the primary virtual machine is determined

Discuss the improvements made in handling all paths down (ADP) and permanent device lost (PDL) conditions

Describe the increased scalability of vSphere HA

Explain the additional compatibility supported by vSphere HA


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Lesson 3:Integration with vCloud Air

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Discuss VMware vCloud® Air™ and the resources available to VMware customers

Discuss the benefits of vCloud Air

Describe how vCloud Air integrates with vSphere 6

Learner Objectives

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VMware vCloud® Air™ Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand is an infrastructure-as-a-service offering that gives customers flexible tools for their virtual data centers:

Allocate and deallocate on-demand virtual data centers, as well as the resources allocated to their virtual machines and gateways.

Configure and reconfigure data center resources and virtual machines.

Provision and deprovision data center resources and virtual machines.

About vCloud Air

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vCloud Air is compatible with vSphere environments:

Custom, on-demand provisioning

Flexible, secure scalability

Unified hybrid platform

vCloud Air Benefits to the Storage-Defined Data Center

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vCloud Air integrates with vSphere Web Client:

Single interface and familiar management

Integration with vSphere Web Client

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Discuss vCloud Air and the resources available to VMware customers

Discuss the benefits of vCloud Air

Describe how vCloud Air integrates with vSphere 6


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vSphere vMotion and vSphere Fault Tolerance provide availability and failover capabilities to the VMware software-defined enterprise.

vCloud Air is consistent with VMware management and operational best practices.

Questions?

Key Points

VMware vSphere: What's New [V5.5 to V6] – защита и перенос «виртуалок»:...

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